{"collection":"aus","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/aus/ntca/ntca26.htm","path":"aus/ntca/ntca26.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/aus/ntca/ntca26.htm","text":"The Native Tribes of North Central Australia, by Baldwin Spencer and F. J. Gillen [1899]\n(Unclear:) The letter n indicates footnote.\nA\nAEMOARA, name of native drink made from Hakea flowers, 185\nrelationship of, established during the Engwura, 322\nceremony of releasing from ban of silence, 380\nAddress, terms of, Mr. McLennan's views with regard to those of Australian natives, 56 et seq.\ncertain terms used by Arunta natives, 56\u201359, 248, 260\nAdze, 591\nAlailinga, name given to certain clouds, and to the knocking out of teeth, 451\nAlcheringa, meaning of the term, 73 n\nancestors, 119\nperiods of, 387\nearly traditions of, 388\nmiddle, 394\nlater, 418\nindividuals, three forms of, 515\nAlatunja, head of local group, powers of, 9 and n, 159 et seq.\nposition hereditary, 10\ntaking charge of sacred storehouse, 153\ntaking the lead during ceremony of Intichiuma, 168\ninheritance of, 190\nAmbilyerikirra, ceremony of, 364\nAmera, spear thrower, 582\nAmpurtanurra, series of ceremonies concerned with Achilpa totem, 406\nAncestors of Arunta tribe, 119\nApmara, nature and use of, 172\nApulla, ground on which circumcision is performed, 220\nArachitta poles, during circumcision, 239\nAriltha, or sub-incision, 251 et seq. 463\nperformed by one woman on another, 432. See also Initiation\nArri-inkuma, noise made by shouting and moving the hand in front of the mouth, 413 n\nArumburinga, a spirit issuing from a Nanja, 513\nspirit doubles of living men and women, 513\u2013515\nArungquiltha, meaning of the term, 548 and n. See also Magic\nArunta tribe, as an example of ordinary life of natives, 8\nsocial organisation of, 70\nmarriage system of, 70\nrelationship terms, 71\u201373\nmarriage not restricted by totem, 73\nlending of wives, 74\ngenealogical tree, 80\nceremonies attending marriage, 92\u201395\nlicense at corrobborees, 96 et seq.\ntotemic system of, 114 et seq., 202\ninitiation ceremonies, 213 et seq.\nAtnongara, stones carried by medicine men, 525\nAtnuta, name given to limp dead body, 237\nAvenging party, 461, 477\nAxes, various types of native, 588\u2013592\nB\nBetrothal, 558\nBingongina tribe, ceremony attendant on marriage in, 95\nBirds, associated with totems, 448 et seq.\nspirit of slain man in form of, 494\nmedicine man assuming form of, in the Mungabera tribe, 533\nBlandowski, his account of tooth-knocking out, 453\nBlindness caused by magic, 552\nBlood, pouring out on the ground during emu ceremony, 179\nsprinkling over stone during Unjiamba Intichiuma ceremony, 184\nused during ceremonies, 201, 204, 284, 462\ntaken to women's camp after circumcision, 251\nafter circumcision at Charlotte Waters, 265\ndrinking, 341\ndecorating the Kauaua with, 370\nwomen drawing and forming clay-pan, 433\ngiven to old men, 438, 461\nAchilpa man drowning men in, 438\ncustoms concerned with, 460 et seq.\ndrinking when starting on an avenging party, 461\ndrinking at reconciliation meeting, 462\nafter performance of Ariltha on women, 463\ngiven to strengthen men and women when ill, 464\nused in the making of medicine men, 526\nBones, pieces of, sucked out of a sick man's body by the medicine man, 531\nof dead men used for magic in the Kaitish, Iliaura, and Warramunga tribes, 553\nBoomerangs, throwing, 21\nlegs in shape of, 44\ndescription of various, 593\u2013602\nBreasts, promoting growth of, 459\nBrother, elder, disposing of women in the Urabunna tribe, 63\nyounger inheriting the Churinga of an elder sister, 89\nBull-roarer, sound of the, believed to be the voice of a spirit, 246 n\nduring the Engwura, 344, 347\ntwo distinct types of in Australia, 634. See also Churinga\nBurial of Churinga unchima with the natives at death, 156\ncustoms concerned with, 497 et seq.\nBush, the, meaning of the Australian term, 97 n\nByrne, Mr. P. M., his account of the Kurdaitcha, 477 n\nC\nCamp, native, 18, 19\nCannibalism, wild dog men feeding on wild dog men and women, 434\nin the Alcheringa, 473\u2013475\nCapture, marriage by, 103, 104\nof wives, 554\u2013557\nCarving, general absence of, 568\nCeremonial objects, 624 et seq.\nCeremonies, sacred, concerned with totems, and performed at Lartna, 229, et seq.\nOkoara during circumcision, 231\nboy embracing waninga, 234\nhead biting, 251\nperformed at Engwura, 271, et seq.\nsacred, associated with special spots, 278\nIruntarinia, 294, 515\nAmbilyerikirra, 364\nreleasing Abmoara from ban of silence, 380\nteeth-knocking out, 450\nnose boring, 459\nconcerned with blood, etc., 460\ndislocating the toe of a Kurdaitcha man, 478\npromising unborn child as wife, 560\nIninja, 484\nsun totem, 562\nChanges introduced by men of ability, 12\nby old men, 272\ntraditions with regard to influence of old men in introducing, 421\nChaurilia, given by newly-initiated men to officials of ceremony, 257\nChilara, head band used for magic, 542\ndecoration of, 572\nChild-birth, customs at, 466\nChildren, peculiarity in the naming of, 57 n\ncounting descent of, if Arunta man goes into Urabunna tribe, or vice versa, 68\nErathipa stone, 336\nChimbaliri, sacred stick of the Urabunna tribe, 158\nChimurilya, chaplet of bones worn by widow, 503\nChuringa, 119, 123, 128\nhistory of the, 128\u2013166\ndropped by spirit-child when entering woman, 132\ndwelling place of spirit part of individual, 135\nremarkable custom connected with a stone, 135 n\nideas now associated with, 137\nChuringa, name never mentioned in the hearing of strangers, 139\nmeaning of designs on, 145\ndesigns of, different from those of natives of east and west, 151\nabsence of stone ones in Southern Arunta, 152\nownership of, 152\nof extinct local group taken care of by other men, 153\ninheritance of, 154\u2013156\none man owning those of various totems, 155\nof other forms than that of bull-roarer, 156\nunchima of udnirringita totem, 172\nlending and borrowing of, 158, et seq.\nIlpintira of emu totem, 179\nkangaroo tail at Undiara, 197\ncarried by Ertwakurka after sub-incision, 257\ndisposal of during the Engwura, 277\nexamination of, 287, 324\nhanded over to a man by a group which has had charge of them, 302\nof rat totem to increase growth of beard, 329, 545\nold man killing Oruncha with, 447\ncarried by Alcheringa individuals, 513\nNamatwinna used for obtaining wife, 541\nof Amunga or fly totem used to cure eyes, 546\nIlkinia, designs of totems, 614, 631\u2013633\nCicatrices, 41, 42\nCircles, designs of concentric, 633\nCircumcision, amongst Finke natives, 218\nby means of fire stick, 222\nintroduction of, by means of stone knives, 394\nClass names introduced by Ullakupera men, 396, 421\nchanged by women, 433\nClass, sub-class, etc. See Organisation.\nClass system, the present one introduced by men of emu totem, 420, 422\nClothing of women, 27\nof men, 30\ngeneral description of, 570\nClubs, fighting, 602\nCollins, Lieut.-Col., his account of ceremony of tooth-knocking out, 454\nColour of natives, 37\nCooking, methods of, 21\u201324\nCorrobborees, license at, 96\nhanding on of, 281 n\ndecorations during, 618\nCouncils of elder men, 15, 272\nCounting, limited power of amongst the natives, 25\nCowle, Mr. C. E., on tracking power of natives, 24, 25\nreference as to use of Tchintu, 540\nCurr, Mr. E. M., on the power which enforces custom, 15\non the \u201cterrible rite,\u201d 263\nCustoms, changes in, 12, 15\nvariations in, amongst different tribes, 34, et seq.\nrudimentary, 105\nancient, preserved in sacred rites, 394, 401 n\nCutting, by women after circumcision ceremony, 257\nD\nDavis, Mr. J. M., on capture of women, 103\nDead, not mentioning the name of, 498\nDeath never supposed to be due to natural causes, 48, 536\nafter being pointed at with charmed stick, 533\nafter being injured by charmed spear, 537\nDecoration, materials used for, 378, 570\nduring corrobborees, 618\nduring sacred ceremonies, 624. See also Engwura\nDegeneration, lack of evidence of, 54\nDescent, counting of, 34, 36 n\nin the maternal line in the Urabunna tribe, 60, 61\nhow counted, if an Arunta native goes into the Urabunna tribe, and vice versa, 68\nin the paternal line in the Arunta tribe, etc., 70\nDesigns of Churinga, different from those of natives in the east and west, 151\nDieri tribe, resemblance to the Urabunna, 64\nDingo, the only animal domesticated by the natives, 18 n\nDogs, wild, 434\nIruntarinia, 524\nbarking of, will cause Atnongara stones to leave body of medicine man, 525\nDrink, Abmoara made from Hakea flower, 185\nilpirla made from honey-ant, 438\nE\nEarth, ceremony of handing, to man who is to perform circumcision, 231\nEating, the totem, ceremony of, amongst the Udnirringita, 203\nkangaroo, 204\nIrriakura, 205\nIdnimita, 205\nbandicoot, 205\nPlum-tree men eating plums, 320\nEchidna, tradition concerning, 398\nEclipses, 566\nElder men, influence of, 10, 12\ncouncil of, at Engwura, 272\nElopement, 542, 543, 556, 558\nEmily Gap, traditions associated with, 424\nEmu, mode of killing the, 20\ntotem group, 179\nIntichiuma ceremony of, 179\non the eating of the eggs of the, 202 n\nErliunpa, place of origin of, 437\nemaciated, associated with magic, 548 n\nfeather chignon, 573\nEngwura, ceremonies of, 118, 271 et seq., 323 et seq.\ncontrol of, 280\nErkincha disease, traditions concerning, 168, 169, 443\nErtnatulunga, 133\u2013135\nwomen not allowed to go near to, 134\na primitive \u201chouse of refuge,\u201d 135\nshowing it to young men, 139, 140\ncontents of one belonging to the honey ant totem, 141\nEvening Star, legend of, at Alice Springs, 360\nEylmann, Dr. E., notes on sacred Churinga, 631\nF\nFight, description of, after elopement, 556\nassistance given by particular men, 557\nFire, kangaroo containing it in its body, 208\nspecial one during ceremonies, 239\nputting the Arachitta poles through, at circumcision, 244, 246\nsetting fire to the bough brakes used at circumcision, 244\nsong during circumcision, 244, 246\nFire, placing of newly-initiated man on by women, 259\nthrowing over the Illpongwurra by women during the Engwura, 350\nthrowing over women by the Illpongwurra during the Engwura, 365\nordeal passed through by Illpongwurra, 380\ntotem, tradition of, 445\norigin of, 446\nmethod of making, 582, 584\nFire stick, circumcision by means of, 222\npresentation of, to novice, 250\nretention of, after introduction of stone knife, 401 n\nFison, Rev. Lorimer, on Dieri tribe, 109\nFlint, sharp piece of, used in the rite of circumcision, 263\ncutting instrument, 591\nFly totem, Churinga used to cure bad eyes, 546\nFood, of natives, 21\nceremonies to increase supply of, 169\nrestrictions during Intichiuma, 171\nrestrictions in case of Arakurta, 256\ngiven by newly initiated man to officials of ceremony, 269\ngift of, to old man to persuade him to show ceremony, 347\nrestrictions in regard to young people, etc., 467, 473\nsent to newly-made medicine man by female relatives, 529\nForeskin, eaten by younger brother amongst Finke natives, 251\nburied after circumcision at Charlotte Waters, 268\nFrazer, Mr., his definition of a totem, 210, 211\nFrog totem, special ceremony of, 344\nG\nGame, hunting, 19\u201321\nGason, Mr. S., certain customs of the Dieri tribe, Appendix B, 641, 642\nGenealogical tree, of Urabunna tribe, 66\nof Arunta tribe, 80\nGesture language, 500\nGhost, idea of, amongst the Arunta tribe, 498, 514\nGibber plains, 2\nmeaning of the term, 2\nGlossary of Native Terms, 645\nGrave, heaping of the earth on one side of, 497\nGrey, Sir G., on the Kobong of certain tribes, 112\non restrictions on eating totem, 206\non origin of totemic names in certain tribes, 209\non food restrictions, 467\nGroup, marriage, 56\nmodified form of, in Urabunna tribe, 64\nrelationship terms, 60 et seq.\nH\nHaddon, Professor A. C., design on New Guinea shields, etc., 634\nHair, method of treatment of, 40\npulling out of, on upper lip in Warramunga tribe, 40\ngirdle laid beside boy at sub-incision to prevent flow of blood, 268\ncustoms concerned with, 465\nof dead man used for magic, 538\ndistribution of girdle, etc., of dead man, 539\nuse of Churinga to promote growth of, 545\nfragment of, not used to harm individual from whom it comes, 559\nHakea flower totem. See Unjiamba\nHoney ant totem, the, 186\ndrink made from honey ants, 438\nHorn, or trumpet, used for charming women, 545\nHowitt, Mr. A. W., on Dieri tribe, 64\nshowing the Tundun to the novices in the Kurnai tribe, 137\nsound of the bull-roarer, believed to be the voice of Tundun, 246\non property in stone, 590 and n\nHunting, methods of, 19\u201321\nI\nIlchinkinja, name of messenger sent out to summon to the Engwura, 275\nIliaura tribe, marriage and descent in, 89, 90\nceremony attendant upon marriage in, 95\nbones of dead men used for magic, 553\nIlilika, knout used for magic purposes, 540\nIlkinia, totem design, 175\nsacred drawing of the Oruncha, 529\nIllapurinja, avenging woman, 485\u2013489\nIllpongwurra, name given to men passing through the Engwura, 322\nsent out into the bush, 347\nlying down by the Parra, 351\nthrowing fire over women, 365\nfire ordeal, 372\npainting totemic designs on the back of, 376\u2013378\nput on the fire by the women, 380\nIlpintira, design of emu totem drawn on the ground, 179\nIlpirla, manna totem, Intichiuma ceremony of, 185\nIlpirra tribe, marriage and descent in, 89, 90\nmarriage in, ceremonies attendant upon, 92\nChuringa of, 157\ninitiation ceremonies of, 213\nmagic amongst, 553, 554\nImitnia, opossum fur string band for the head, 539\nImplements, used by women, 26\ngeneral remarks on, 567 et seq.\naccount of various, 604 et seq.\nIninja ceremony, 434\nInapertwa, transformed into men and women, 389, 445\nInfanticide, 51, 264\nIngwalara, name of medicine man in Southern Arunta tribe, 523\nInitiation ceremonies of women, 92\u201394\nof men, 212, 386\nthrowing boys up, 214\namongst the Finke River natives, 219\nhanding earth to man who is to perform circumcision, 231\nuse of Waninga during ceremonies, 231\nsub-incision, 231, 263\nmen lying on top of novice, 236\nhead-biting, 251\nceremonies amongst Northern Arunta tribe, 260\nin Southern Arunta, 265\nceremony concerning women, 457\u2013460\nInjilla, a pointing stick, 534\nInkulta, head ornaments, 573\nInpirta, name given to widow in Arunta tribe, 500\nInterlinia, native name for emu feather shoes worn by the Kurdaitcha, 477\nIntichiuma ceremonies, 11, 169\nof Udnirringita totem, 170\nof Erlia totem, 179\nof Unjiamba totem, 184\nof Ilpirla totem, 185\nIntichiuma ceremonies\u2014\nof Yarumpa totem, 186\nof Quatcha totem, 189, 199\nof Okira totem, 199\nmeaning of, 202\nperformed in Alcheringa by Udniringita men, 428\nInwurra, name given to messengers, 159, 160, 162, 164\u2013166\nIrna, a pointing stick, 534\nIrriakura totem, ceremony of eating, 205\nIruntarinia, spirits, presenting ceremonies to men, 294, 517, 519\nhabits of, 513\nmaking medicine men, 524\nparticular individuals who can see and communicate with them, 515\nJ\nJealousy, sexual feeling of, 99, 100\nJus primae noctis, 102\nK\nKaitish tribe, table of relationship terms, 79\nmarriage and descent in, 90\nceremonies attendant upon marriage, 94\nmarriage customs amongst, 107\nChuringa and sacred objects of the, 157\nChuringa used for magic, 546\nhead ornament of women, 574\nstone knives of, 593\nKangaroo totem, 193\nstone at Undiara represents spot where kangaroo died in Alcheringa, 194\nanimal chased by kangaroo men, 199\nIntichiuma ceremony of, 199\u2013201\nwanderings of ancestors of totem, 390\nKauaua, sacred pole, cutting down of, 364\ndecoration of, 370\ndescription and significance of, 629\nKirra-urkna, girdle made of dead man's hair, 539\nKulchia, arm bands, 539\nKurdaitcha, custom of, 476\nL\nLartna, ceremony of circumcision, 218\nLizard, supposed to reside in body of medicine man, and to give him power of suction, 531.\nSee also Traditions\nLocal groups, names of, divisions of 8\u201310\nareas of country occupied by, 9\ndistribution of totemic groups, 120\u2013127\nLocality relationship, 14, 303, 544\nLonka-lonka, shell ornament, used for charming, 545, 573\nLove charms, or whirler to attract women, 541\nuse of by women, 548\nLubras, Mr. J. M. Davis on the capture of, 103\nLuritcha tribe, table of relationship terms, 77, 78\nceremonies attendant upon marriage in, 95\nM\nMagellanic clouds, idea of, 566\nMagic, native dread of, 48\nbelief that other individuals can work evil, 130\nassociated with Erathipa stone, 336\ncounteracting influence of, 531\nvarious forms of, 534 et seq.\nMarilla, design of the Oruncha drawn on the medicine man, 529\nMcLennan, Mr. J. F., on terms of relationship, 56\non the right of captors, 103\nMarriage, in the Urabunna tribe, 63 et seq.\nin the Arunta tribe, 73\u201376\nnot restricted by totem in the Arunta, 73\nsystem in the Ilpirra tribe, 92\nceremonies attendant upon, in the Ilpirra and Arunta tribes, 92, 93\nin the Kaitish, 94\nin the Warramunga, 95\nin the Luritcha and the Iliaura, 95\nin the Waagai, 95\nin the Bingongina, Iliaura, and Walpari, 119\nby capture, 103, 104\ndiscussion concerning customs, 106 et seq.\nof Urabunna tribe, 108\nabsence of reference to restrictions in the early traditions, 393\nMarriage, tradition concerning the introduction of the present system, 422\nSee also Group marriage\nMeasurements of natives, 37, 644\nMedicine man, accompanying Kurdaitcha, 478\nmade by Iruntarinia, 523\nmade by Oruncha, 525\nmade by other medicine men, 526\ndrawing design of Oruncha on, 529\ndetermining who has killed a man, 532, 533\nMenstruation, customs concerned with the first period of, 460\nMessage stick, nature and use of, 141\nno true one amongst the Arunta tribe, 142\nMessengers, 159\nlending of women in connection with the sending of messengers, 97\nsent to summon to the Engwura, 274\nMoon, myths regarding, 562\nregarded as male, 564\nMorality of the natives, 46\nMorton, Mr. A., on sub-incision in the West Australian tribes, 263 n\nMother-in-law, 559\nMourning, customs and ceremonies concerned with, 497\u2013511\nMulyanuka, name applied by one moiety of the Arunta tribe to the other, 70\nMushrooms, supposed to be fallen stars, 566\nMusical instruments, 604\nN\nNakrakia, name applied by the members of one moiety of a tribe to the one to which they belong, 71\nNamatwinna, a small Churinga used for charming women, 541. See also Magic\nNames of local divisions, 8\u201310\npersonal ones used by natives, 139\nsecret or sacred ones, 139\nAmbaquerka, given to child, 218\nWurtja, given to boy after painting him, 221\nUrliara, given to man after the Engwura ceremony, 271\ngiven to novice at Charlotte Waters, 248\nArakurta given after circumcision, 249\nErtwa-kurka, given to initiated man, 256\nindicating different grades of initiation, 260\nof individuals, Appendix A, 637\nNanja, tree or rock, 124, 513\nrelation between it and individual, 132\nNatives, disposition of, 32\npersonal appearance, 37\ngeneral description of, in the Arunta tribe, 39 et seq.\nNose, boring septum, 459\nbones called Lalkira, 574\nNung-gara, name of medicine man on Finke River, 523\nNurtunja, sacred poles, etc., 122, 227, 298\u2013300\nembracing during ceremony of sub-incision, 254\nfresh one made for each ceremony, 345, 346\nceremony in connection with, 360\u2013364\ngeneral description of, 627\nO\nOchre, red, used for rubbing Churinga, 144\ndeposits of, associated with woman's blood, 442, 464\nuse of, 568\nOkalparra, cave where medicine men are made, 524\nOkinchalanina, fur string necklet used by women for magic, 548\nOknanikilla, local totem centre, 123\nOknirabata, name given to famous old men, 187, 447\nOld men, traditions with regard to influence of, in introducing changes, 421\nOrganisation of Urabunna tribe, 59\nof Arunta, 70\nsummary of conditions concerning the Arunta, 421 et seq.\nOrnaments, personal, 571\nOruncha, or \u201cdevil man,\u201d 326\nceremonies concerned with, 329\nmaking medicine men, 525\nOrunchertwa, or \u201cdevil men,\u201d 447\nOrunchilcha, devil's hand, drawn on medicine man, 529\nOwnership of land by local groups, 14\nin Alcheringa tradition, 431 n\nP\nPaintings, native, on rocks, 614, 618\nParra, a special mound on the Engwura ground, 281\nIllpongwurra lying down by, 351\nPiraungaru, accessory wives in the Urabunna tribe, 109. See also Group marriage\nPitchis, 19, 26, 27\ndescription of, 607\nPituri plant, used for stupefying emus, 20\nPleiades, supposed to be women, 566\nPointing sticks and bones, 498, 528, 530\npressed under nail when making medicine man, 528\nas magic, pointed at an individual with the idea of injuring him, 534\nmajority of deaths attributed to poisoned ones, 536\nPole, sacred, 364, 629. See also Kauaua and Nurtunja\nPregnancy, food restrictions, 471, 473\n\u201cPrimitive,\u201d difficulty in applying the term to native tribes, 36\nPromiscuity, discussion concerning, 96\nProperty, local group owning quarry, 590\nQ\nQuabara, term for sacred ceremony in Arunta tribe, 118. See Ceremonies\nQuatcha, water totem, Intichiuma ceremony of, 189\nQuiurnpa, Ulpmerka of, ceremony concerned with, 312\ntradition concerning, 314\nrock paintings at, 632\nSee also Engwura traditions\nR\nRailtchawa, name of medicine man in the Northern Arunta tribe, 523\nRain totem. See Quatcha\nmaking, 189\nRed ochre, use of, 30\nSee Ochre, Therapeutics\nReincarnation, idea of, amongst Arunta tribe, 123, 124, 126, 127\nRelationship, terms of, Mr. McLennan's views with regard to, 56\nremarks on, 56\u201358\nin Urabunna tribe, 65\u201369\nnatives acquainted with, 67\nascertaining relationship of man of another tribe, 67, 68\nterms in Arunta tribe, 75\u201379\ngroup relationship recognised in Arunta tribe, 73\u201375\ntables of, in Arunta, 76\nRelationship, Luritcha, 77\nKaitish, 79\nWarramunga, 80\nrelationship of Mura tualcha, 88, 558\nof Unjipinna, 560\nRestrictions applying to individuals after circumcision, 250\nSee also Food, Marriage\nRock paintings, 614, 631\nRoth, Mr. W. E., on certain individual terms of relationship amongst Queensland natives, 59, 87\non initiation rites of Queensland natives, 152\ntooth-knocking out not an initiation ceremony in Queensland tribes, 214\nwomen decorated as if to fight during circumcision, 220\nburning of the brake of boughs used during circumcision, 244\ninitiation ceremonies of women, 267\non the meaning of sub-incision, 263\nhanding on of corrobborees, 281\non introcision, 460\nmedicine men, 532\nuse of bull-roarers for charming women, 541\nsystem of bartering and trading, 575\nS\nScars on the bodies of men and women, 41, 42\nSexual jealousy, absence of, among the natives, 99\nexercise of magic on the sexual organs by women, 547\nShields, description of, 586\nSilence, ban of, removal of by performance of ceremony, 260, 383\nSisters, different treatment of according to whether elder or younger in the Arunta tribe, 88, 89\nSmell, projecting into food, 469\nSmoke signals, 16\nSinging the ground, 284\nSnake of Imyunga, the, 444\nSocial organisation. See Organisation\nSpears, description of, 575\nmaking and use of miniature one for magic, 550\ncharming, 537\nSpear-throwers, description of, 578\nSpindle, 613\nSpiral design, 633\nSpirit, associated with Churinga, 123\nwith Nanja, 124\nSpirit, child choosing mother, 125\nof living man called Yenka, of dead man Ulthana, 168\nof kangaroo animals driven out of stone at Intichiuma ceremony, 200\nTwanyirika taking boy away at circumcision, 222, 246\nprecautions taken against that of man killed by avenging party, 494\nof dead man during mourning ceremony, 510\nindividuals, 513, 514\nmaking medicine men, 523\npointing sticks of, 531. See also Iruntarinia\nSpittle, on tips of fingers used for magic, 552\nStar, evening, myth concerning the, 565\nSteppes, 1\nSterility, prevalence of, 52 n\nSticks, flaked, called Inkulta, worn in hair, 573\npointing. See Pointing sticks and Magic\nStirling, Dr. E. C., description of Undiara (Antiarra), 193 n\nreference to poison stones of Kaitish tribe, 546, 547\non the large knives of the natives, 593\nStone, used at Ilyaba, the Nanja of an Alcheringa man, 188\nat Undiara, the Nanja of a kangaroo, 199\nErathipa, traditions concerned with, 334 et seq.\nAtnongara stones in body of medicine man, 525\ngiven to man to eat when making medicine men, 528\nAperta tukira, representing boils at Undiara, 550\nrepresenting emaciated emu, 551\ninto which evening star is supposed to descend, 565\nweapons, 588\non property in, 590\nStone knives, introduction of use of during circumcision, 224, 403, 421\nvarious kinds of, 592\u2013594\nSub-incision, ceremony of, 251 et seq.\nperformed a second time, 251\nremarks on, 263\nintroduction by Achilpa, 402\nSun, regarded as female, 561\nceremony concerned with, 562\nheat of, in Tchintu, a magic implement, 541\nT\nTchintu, magic implement of Wyingurri tribe, 540\nTeeth, knocking out not an initiation ceremony in the central tribes, 213\nceremony concerned with knocking out of, 118 n, 450\nplaced in a man by an Ulthana, 515\nTerms, relationship, table of in Arunta, 76\nLuritcha, 77\nWarramunga, 80. See Relationship, terms of\nThanunda, the name given to the platform on which Churinga are stored during the Engwura, 277\nTherapeutics, easing wound made by sub-incision, by sitting over fire, 256\nblood drinking and rubbing with, 463\nfat and red ochre used, 464\neating of ertoacha, part of reproductive organs of opossum, 465\nlonka-lonka laid on ill person, 545\nTime, words expressing, 25\nThunthunie, name of totem amongst Urabunna, 114\nTongue, cutting hole in medicine man's, 523, 529\nTotem, local distribution of groups, 8\u201310, 121, 126\nno obligation for men of same totem to assist one another in the Arunta tribe, etc., 34, 557\nregulating marriage in Urabunna tribe, 59, 60\nnot restricting marriage in Arunta tribe, etc., 73, 121\ngeneral account of, 112\npredominance of one moiety of the tribe in each, 120, 125\nmethod of acquiring totemic name in Arunta tribe, 124\ndescription of Churinga belonging to particular ones, 142\nextinction of local group, 152\neating of, 168, 197, 467\nno restriction with regard to the eating of, in the Alcheringa, 207\nIntichiuma ceremonies of, 168\nkangaroo design at Undiara, 194\nkangaroo man afflicted with boils at Undiara, 196\nkilled by wild dogs, 197\ndesign of Udnirringita, 170\nof emu, 179\nTotem, wild cat, special restrictions with regard to eating, 168\nrelationship between the, and the individual, 196, 197\nEuro man changing himself into a kangaroo to pursue a kangaroo, 209\nchanging, 209, 401, 443\ndesign painted on back of novice during circumcision ceremony, 240\nan account of ceremonies, 278 et seq.\nplum-tree man eating plums, 320\ndesigns painted on backs of Illpongwurra, 376\nin respect to marriage during Alcheringa, 418. See also Ceremonies, Engwura, Intichiuma\nTracking powers, 24, 25\nTraditions, kangaroo man afflicted with boils at Undiara, 196\nconcerning Ulpmerka of Quiurnpa, 288\nErathipa stone, 336, 338\ngeneral account of, 387 et seq.\nUngambikula, 390\nUlpmerka, 392, 394\nLizard men killing Oruncha, 391\nUllakupera men and circumcision by means of stone knives, 395\nInarlinga or Echidna man, 396\nAchilpa, first group, 402\nAchilpa, second group, 405\nAchilpa, third group, 410\nAchilpa, fourth group, 415\nemu men introducing present class system, 420, 422\nUdnirringita totem, 423\nwanderings of three women, 432\nwild dog men, 434\ntwo Unjiamba women, 436\nemu men, 437\nhoney ants, 438\nlizard men, 439\ndancing women, 441\nErkincha, 443\nsnake of Imyunga, 444\nfire totem, 445\norigin of fire, 446\nOruncha and the old man, 447\nbirds associated with totems, 447\nTree, at Ilyaba, the Nanja of an Alcheringa man, 187\nwhere a blind man died associated with magic, 552\nTribe, Arunta, divided into two moieties, 70\nTualcha, use and meaning of term, 87\nTundun, the bull-roarer of the Kurnai tribe, 137\nTwins, regarded as something unnatural, 52\nU\nUllinka, pointing stick used by Iruntarinia, 519, 532\nUlpmerka men, tradition of, 392, 394\nUlthana, spirit of dead man following his killers in the form of a bird, 494\nUltunda, names of stones in medicine man's body amongst Finke natives, 526 et seq.\nUmbana, special construction of boughs called wurley, used during Udnirringita Intichiuma ceremony, 176\nUmbilical cord, making necklace out of, 467\nUndiara, description of ceremonies performed at, and traditions as sociated with, 193 et seq.\nUngambikula, transforming Inapertwa into men and women, 390\nUngutnika, history of, 196\nUnjiamba, traditions regarding the origin of, 122\nIntichiuma ceremony of, 184\nUnjipinna, relationship of, 559\nUnthippa, dancing women, 220\ntradition of, 441\nUrabunna tribe, organisation of, 59\ndescent counted in maternal line, 60\nmarriage restrictions, 61\nPiraungaru women, 62\nwives allotted by elder brothers, 63\nmodified form of group marriage in, 64\nrelationship terms, 65 et seq.\ngenealogical tree, 66, 67\ncustom of women accompanying messengers, 97\nmarriage, 108\nsacred stick, use of, 158\nWilyaru ceremony. See Appendix B, 640\nUrliara, name given to man after Engwura ceremony, 271\nUrpmilchima, ceremony at grave, 503 et seq.\nUrumpilla. See Engwura\nW\nWaagai tribe, marriage and descent in, 89, 90\nChuringa and sacred objects of, 157, 158\nWalpari tribe, marriage and descent in, 89, 91\nWallet, carried by men, 29, 283, 611\nWaninga, a ceremonial object, 231\u2013234, 306\u2013310, 627\nWarramunga tribe, table of relationship terms in the, 79\nceremonies attendant upon marriage, 95\nsacred objects of, 157\nmourning of widows, 500 n\nhead ornaments of women, 572\nstone knives of, 594\nWater supply of natives, 6, 7\nWater totem. See Quatcha\nWeapons, 28\ndescription of, 574 et seq.\nWestermarck, Mr. E., on promiscuity, &c., 100\u2013102, 110\nWhite men, how regarded by the natives, 50\nWidow, mourning of, 500\nban of silence and removal of, 501\nrelationship to younger brother of husband, 502\nWilyaru of Urabunna tribe, Appendix B, 640\nWives, no man exclusive right to in the Urabunna tribe, 62\nallotted by elder brothers in the Urabunna tribe, 63\nrestriction of in Arunta tribe, 73\nlending of in Arunta tribe, 74\nlending of, 106, 108\nlending during initiation ceremonies, 267\nman presents food to certain members of the side of the tribe to which his wife belongs, 469\nprocuring by magic, 541\nmethods of obtaining, 554 et seq.\nWizard. See Medicine man, 532\nWomen, initiation ceremony of, 92, 93 n\naccompanying messengers, 97\ncapture of, 103\nof the Unjiamba totem taking sacred pole away from Undiara, 195\npossessed of greater powers than at present, 195, 196\npainted with totemic designs during the Intichiuma ceremony, 176\nWomen standing at their camp during the Intichiuma ceremony of the honey-ant totem, 186\ndancing at the ceremony of circumcision, 220, 267\ncarrying off the novice during the ceremony of circumcision, 238\nrubbing the design from the novice's back during the ceremony of circumcision, 244\nstripping the Arachitta poles, 244\npresenting of initiated man to, 258\nplacing initiated man on fire, 259\ninitiation ceremonies of, 269\nceremony concerned with two Alcheringa women, 286\nthrowing fire during the Engwura, 350\nseeing the Ambilyerikirra, 367, 369\nputting the Illpongwurra on the fire, 372, 380\ncorrobborees, 381\nintercourse with, in the Alcheringa, 407, 416\nwanderings of, 432, 436\nperforming ariltha, 432\ncarrying boys on their shoulders before circumcision, 443\nceremony of knocking out of tooth, 452\nceremony for the promoting of the growth of breasts, 459\nceremony after shedding blood in the presence of, 463\nIllapurinja ceremony, 485\noffered to avenging party, 491\ncapture by avenging party, 492, 495\ncustom at death of husband, 500 et seq.\nmedicine women, 526\nusing magic upon, 541\u2013543\nrepresented by hole in ground, 550 n\nWultha-chelpima, ceremony of lying on novice, 236\nWurtja, name given to novice after painting at circumcision, 221\nY\nYam sticks, greased by mother during ceremony of circumcision, 250\nYarumpa, honey-ant, Intichiuma ceremony of, 186","title":"The Native Tribes of North Central Australia: Index","type":"page"}