{"collection":"Bible & Christianity","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/bib/cmt/vws/act027.htm","path":"bib/cmt/vws/act027.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/vws/act027.htm","text":"Vincent's Word Studies, by Marvin R. Vincent, [1886]\nSail (\u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd)\nLit., sail away.\nBand\nSee on Mar 15:16.\nMeaning to sail (\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd)\nThis refers the intention to the voyagers; but the best texts read \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9, agreeing with \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u1ff3, ship; so that the correct rendering is, as Rev., a ship - which was about to sail.\nTouched (\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd)\nFrom \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac, down, and \u1f04\u03b3\u03c9, to lead or bring. To bring the ship down from deep water to the land. Opposed to \u1f00\u03bd\u03ae\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd, put to sea (Act 27:2); which is to bring the vessel up (\u1f00\u03bd\u03ac) from the land to deep water. See on Luk 8:22. Touched is an inferential rendering. Landed would be quite as good. From Caesarea to Sidon, the distance was about seventy miles.\nCourteously (\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2)\nOnly here in New Testament. Lit., in a man-loving way; humanely; kindly. Rev., kindly, better than courteously. Courteous, from court, expresses rather polish of manners than real kindness.\nTo refresh himself (\u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd)\nLit., to receive care or attention.\nWe sailed under (\u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd)\nRev., correctly, under the lee of: under the protection of the land.\nA ship of Alexandria\nEmployed in the immense corn trade between Italy and Egypt. See Act 27:38. The size of the vessel may be inferred from Act 27:37.\nMany (\u1f31\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2)\nSee on Luk 7:6.\nScarce (\u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2)\nIncorrect. Render, as Rev., with difficulty. So, also, hardly, in Act 27:8. The meaning is not that they had scarcely reached Cnidus when the wind became contrary, nor that they had come only as far as Cnidus in many days; but that they were retarded by contrary winds between Myra and Cnidus, a distance of about one hundred and thirty miles, which, with a favorable wind, they might have accomplished in a day. Such a contrary wind would have been the northwesterly, which prevails during the summer months in that part of the Archipelago.\nThe Fast\nThe great day of atonement, called \"the Fast\" by way of eminence. It occurred about the end of September. Navigation was considered unsafe from the beginning of November until the middle of March.\nI perceive (\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u1ff6)\nAs the result of careful observation. See on Luk 10:18.\nHurt (\u1f55\u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2)\nThe word literally means insolence, injury, and is used here metaphorically: insolence of the winds and waves, \"like our 'sport' or 'riot' of the elements\" (Hackett). Some take it literally, with presumption, as indicating the folly of undertaking a voyage at that season; but the use of the word in Act 27:21 is decisive against this.\nDamage (\u03b6\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2)\nBetter, as Rev., loss. Hurt and damage (A. V.) is tautological. See on the kindred verb, notes on lose, Mat 16:26, and east away, Luk 9:25.\nMaster (\u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u1fc3)\nOnly here and Rev 18:17. Lit., the steersman.\nNot commodious (\u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5)\nLit., not well situated.\nLieth toward the southwest and northwest (\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u0391\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03a7\u1ff6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd)\nInstead of lieth, Rev., literally and correctly, renders looking. The difference between the Rev. and A. V., as to the points of the compass, turns on the rendering of the preposition \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac. The words southwest and northwest mean, literally, the southwest and northwest winds. According to the A. V., \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac means toward, and has reference to the quarter from which these winds blow. According to the Rev., \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac means down: \"looking down the southwest and northwest winds,\" i.e., in the direction toward which they blow, viz., northeast and southeast. This latter view assumes that Phenice and Lutro are the same, which is uncertain. For full discussion of the point, see Smith, \"Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul;\" Hackett, \"Commentary on Acts ;\" Conybeare and Howson, \"Life and Epistles of St. Paul.\"\nLoosing thence (\u1f04\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2)\nLit., having taken up. It is the nautical phrase for weighing anchor. So Rev.\nThere arose against it (\u1f14\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4' \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2)\nAgainst what? Some say, the island of Crete; in which case they would have been driven against the island, whereas we are told that they were driven away from it. Others, the ship. It is objected that the pronoun \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 it, is feminine, while the feminine noun for ship (\u03bd\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c2) is not commonly used by Luke, but rather the neuter, \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd. I do not think this objection entitled to much weight. Luke is the only New Testament writer who uses \u03bd\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c2 (see Act 27:41), though he uses it but once; and, as Hackett remarks, \"it would be quite accidental which of the terms would shape the pronoun at this moment, as they were both so familiar.\" A third explanation refers the pronoun to the island of Crete, and renders, \"there beat down from it.\" This is grammatical, and according to a well-known usage of the preposition. The verb \u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9 is also used intransitively in the sense of to fall; thus Homer Iliad,\" xi., 722), of a river falling into the sea. Compare Mar 4:37 : \"the the waves beat (\u1f10\u03c0\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd) into the ship ;\" and Luk 15:12 the portion of goods that falleth (\u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd) to me.\" The rendering of the Rev. is, therefore, well supported, and, on the whole, preferable' there beat down from it. It is also according to the analogy of the expression in Luk 8:23, there came down a storm. See note there, and see on Mat 8:24.\nA tempestuous wind (\u1f04\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78\u03c2)\nLit., a typhonic wind. The word \u03c4\u03c5\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd means a typhoon, and the adjective formed from it means of the character of a typhoon.\nEuroclydon (\u0395\u1f50\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03cd\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd)\nThe best texts read \u0395\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, Euraquilo: i.e., between Eurus, \"the E. S. E. wind,\" and Aquilo, \"the north-wind, or, strictly, N. 1/3 E.\" Hence, E. N. E.\nBear up (\u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd)\nOnly here in New Testament. From \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03af, opposite, and \u1f40\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, the eye. Lit., to look the wind in the eye. The ancient ships often had an eye painted on each side of the bow. To sail \"into the eye of the wind\" is a modern nautical phrase.\nWe let her drive (\u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1)\nLit., having given up to it, we were borne along.\nWe had much work to come by the boat (\u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f30\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c2)\nLit., we were with difficulty able to become masters of the boat: i.e., to secure on deck the small boat which, in calm weather, was attached by a rope to the vessel's stern. Rev., we were able with difficulty to secure the boat. On with difficulty, see note on scarce, Act 27:7.\nHelps (\u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2)\nAny apparatus on hand for the purpose: ropes, chains, etc.\nUndergirding (\u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bd\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2)\nIn modern nautical language, frapping: passing cables or chains round the ship's hull in order to support her in a storm. Mr. Smith (\"Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul\") cites the following from the account of the voyage of Captain George Back from the arctic regions in 1837: \"A length of the stream chain-cable was passed under the bottom of the ship four feet before the mizzen-mast, hove tight by the capstan, and finally immovably fixed to six ring-bolts on the quarter-deck. The effect was at once manifest by a great diminution in the working of the parts already mentioned; and, in a less agreeable way, by impeding her rate of sailing.\"\nQuicksands (\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd)\nThe rendering of the A. V. is too general. The word is a proper name, and has the article. There were two shoals of this name - the \"Greater Syrtis\" (Syrtis Major), and the \"Smaller Syrtis\" (Syrtis Minor). It was the former upon which they were in danger of being driven; a shallow on the African coast, between Tripoli and Barca, southwest of the island of Crete.\nStrake sail (\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bf\u03c2)\nLit., as Rev., lowered the gear. See on goods, Mat 12:29. It is uncertain what is referred to here. To strike sail, it is urged, would be a sure way of running upon the Syrtis, which they were trying to avoid. It is probably better to understand it generally of the gear connected with the fair-weather sails. \"Every ship situated as this one was, when preparing for a storm, sends down upon deck the 'top-hamper,' or gear connected with the fair-weather sails, such as the topsails. A modern ship sends down top-gallant masts and yards; a cutter strikes her topmast when preparing for a gale\" (Smith, \"Voyage,\" etc.). The storm sails were probably set.\nLightened (\u1f10\u03ba\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf)\nLit., made a casting out. Rev., began to throw the freight overboard. Note the imperfect, began to throw. The whole cargo was not cast overboard: the wheat was reserved to the last extremity (Act 27:38).\nTackling (\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u1f74\u03bd)\nThe word means equipment, furniture. The exact meaning here is uncertain. Some suppose it to refer to the main-yard; an immense spar which would require the united efforts of passengers and crew to throw overboard. It seems improbable, however, that they would have sacrificed so large a spar, which, in case of shipwreck, would support thirty or forty men in the water. The most generally received opinion is that it refers to the furniture of the ship - beds, tables, chests, etc.\nHearkened (\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2)\nSee on obey, Act 5:29.\nLoosed (\u1f00\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9)\nRev., set sail. See on Luk 8:22.\nHarm (\u1f55\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd)\nSee on Act 27:10.\nThe angel\nRev., correctly, an angel. There is no article.\nOf God (\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6)\nRev., correctly, supplies the article: \"the God,\" added because Paul was addressing heathen, who would have understood by angel a messenger of the gods.\nAdria\nThe Adriatic Sea: embracing all that part of the Mediterranean lying south of Italy, east of Sicily, and west of Greece.\nDeemed (\u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd)\nBetter, as Rev., suspected or surmised.\nThat they drew near to some country\nLit., that some land is drawing near to them.\nUnder color (\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9)\nLit., on pretence.\nCast (\u1f10\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd)\nLit., to stretch out. The meaning is, to carry out an anchor to a distance from the prow by means of the small boat. Rev., lay out.\nWhile the day was coming on (\u1f04\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bf\u1f57 \u1f14\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9)\nLit., until it should become day: in the interval between midnight and morning.\nBay (\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd)\nSee on bosom, Luk 6:38.\nShore (\u03b1\u1f30\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u1f78\u03bd)\nSee on Mat 13:2. Better, as Rev., beach.\nThey were minded (\u1f10\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf)\nBetter, as Rev., took counsel. See on Mat 1:19.\nTaken up (\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2)\nWrong. The word means to remove, and refers here to cutting the anchor-cables, or casting off, as Rev.\nCommitted themselves (\u03b5\u1f34\u03c9\u03bd)\nWrong. The reference is to the anchors. Rev., correctly, left them in the sea.\nRudder-bands (\u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03bd)\nLit., the bands of the rudders. The larger ships had two rudders, like broad oars or paddles, joined together by a pole, and managed by one steersman. They could be pulled up and fastened with bands to the ship; as was done in this ease, probably to avoid fouling the anchors when they were cast out of the stern. The bands were now loosened, in order that the ship might be driven forward.\nMainsail (\u1f00\u03c1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1)\nOnly here in New Testament. Probably the foresail. So Rev.\nMade toward (\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd)\nLit., held; bore down for.","title":"Vincent's Word Studies: Acts: Acts Chapter 27","type":"page"}