{"collection":"Bible & Christianity","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/bib/cmt/vws/co1003.htm","path":"bib/cmt/vws/co1003.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/vws/co1003.htm","text":"Vincent's Word Studies, by Marvin R. Vincent, [1886]\nCarnal (\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2)\nMade of flesh. See on Rom 7:14, and see on flesh, Rom 7:5.\nBabes (\u03bd\u03b7\u03c0\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2)\nFrom \u03bd\u03b7 not, and \u1f14\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 a word. Strictly, non-speakers. Compare the Latin infans. Strongly contrasted with perfect; see on Co1 2:6.\nI fed (\u1f10\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1)\nLit., I gave you to drink. An instance of the rhetorical figure zeugma, by which one verb is attached to two nouns, of which it only suits the meaning of one, but suggests a verb suitable for the other. Thus \"gave to drink\" is applied to meat as well as to milk. For another illustration see hindering (A.V. and Rev., forbidding), Ti1 4:3.\nCarnal (\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af)\nHere the milder word is used (see Co1 3:1), having the nature of flesh. In Co1 3:1, Paul would say that he was compelled to address the Corinthians as unspiritual, made of flesh. Here he says that though they have received the Spirit in some measure, they are yet under the influence of the flesh.\nAnother (\u1f15\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2)\nSee on Mat 6:24. Not merely another, numerically, but another of different affinities and prepossessions.\nCarnal\nThe best texts read \u1f04\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 men. Are ye not mere men?\nBut ministers\nOmit but, and place the interrogations after Paul and Apollos, respectively, as Rev. For ministers see on Mat 20:26; see on Mar 9:35. Servants, not heads of parties.\nPlanted - watered - gave the increase (\u1f10\u03c6\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 - \u1f10\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd - \u03b7\u1f54\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd)\nThe first two verbs are in the aorist tense, marking definite acts; the third is in the imperfect, marking the continued gracious agency of God, and possibly the simultaneousness of His work with that of the two preachers. God was giving the increase while we planted and watered. There is a parallel in the simultaneous work of Satan with that of the preachers of the word as indicated by the continuous presents in Mat 13:19. See note there.\nAnything\nThe devoted Angelique Arnauld, of Port Royal, when her sister condoled with her on the absence of her confessor, Singlier, replied: \"I have never put a man in God's place. He can have only what God gives him; and God gives him something for us only when it is His will that we should receive it through him.\"\nGod's\nIn this and the two following clauses, God is emphatic. \"It is of God that ye are the fellow-workers.\"\nHusbandry (\u03b3\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd)\nRev., in margin, tilled land. Only here in the New Testament. Bengel says: \"Embracing field, garden, and vineyard.\"\nBuilding (\u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae)\nPaul's metaphors are drawn from the works and customs of men rather than from the works of nature. \"In his epistles,\" says Archdeacon Farrar, \"we only breathe the air of cities and synagogues.\" The abundance of architectural metaphors is not strange in view of the magnificent temples and public buildings which he was continually seeing at Antioch, Athens, Corinth, and Ephesus. His frequent use of to build and building in a moral and spiritual sense is noteworthy. In this sense the two words \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c9 and \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae occur twenty-six times in the New Testament, and in all but two cases in Paul's writings. Peter uses build in a similar sense; Pe1 2:5. See edify, edification, build, Act 9:31; Rom 15:20; Co1 8:1; Co1 8:10, where emboldened is literally built up, and is used ironically. Also Rom 14:19; Rom 15:2; Co1 14:3; Eph 2:21, etc. It is worth noting that in the Epistle to the Hebrews, while the same metaphor occurs, different words are used. Thus in Heb 3:3, Heb 3:4, built, builded, represent \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03c9 to prepare. In Heb 11:10, \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 artificer, and \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u1f78\u03c2, lit., a workman for the public: A.V., builder and maker. This fact has a bearing on the authorship of the epistle. In earlier English, edify was used for build in the literal sense. Thus Piers Ploughman: \"I shal overturne this temple and a-down throwe it, and in thre daies after edifie it newe.\" See on Act 20:32. In the double metaphor of the field and the building, the former furnishes the mould of Paul's thought in Co1 3:6-9, and the latter in Co1 3:10-17. Edwards remarks that the field describes the raw material on which God works, the house the result of the work.\nGrace\nThe special endowment for his apostolic work. Compare Rom 1:5, grace and apostleship: Rom 12:3, Rom 12:6; Eph 3:7, Eph 3:8.\nWise (\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u1f78\u03c2)\nSkillful. See on Jam 3:13.\nMaster-builder (\u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd)\nOnly here in the New Testament. \"The architect does not work himself, but is the ruler of workmen\" (Plato, \"Statesman,\" 259).\nFoundation\nThe importance which Paul attached to the foundation was figured by the care employed in laying the foundation of the great Ephesian temple. \"To avoid the danger of earthquakes, its foundations were built at vast cost on artificial foundations of skin and charcoal laid over the marsh\" (Farrar).\nIf any man build, etc.\nIt is important to have a clear conception of Paul's figure, which must be taken in a large and free sense, and not pressed into detail. He speaks of the body of truth and doctrine which different teachers may erect on the one true foundation - Jesus Christ. This body is the building. The reference is to a single building, as is shown by Co1 3:16; not to a city with different buildings of different materials. The figure of Christ as the foundation of a city does not occur in the New Testament. To this structure different teachers (builders) bring contributions of more or less value, represented by gold, wood, hay, etc. These are not intended to represent specific forms of truth or of error, but none of them are to be regarded as anti-Christian, which would be inconsistent with building on the true foundation. It is plainly implied that teachers may build upon the true foundation with perishable or worthless materials. This appears in the history of the Church in the false interpretations of scripture, and the crude or fanatical preaching of sincere but ignorant men. The whole structure will be brought to a final and decisive test at the day of judgment, when the true value of each teacher's work shall be manifested, and that which is worthless shall be destroyed. The distinction is clearly made between the teacher and the matter of his teaching. The sincere but mistaken teacher's work will be shown to be worthless in itself, but the teacher himself will be saved and will receive the reward of personal character, and not of good building. Luther alluded to this verse in his unfortunate description of the Epistle of James as \"an epistle of straw.\"\nStubble (\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd)\nNot the same as \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 a reed. See Rev 11:1; Rev 21:15; and on Jo3 1:13. This word means a stalk of grain after the ears have been cut off. It was used for thatch in building. Virgil, \"Aeneid,\" 654, alludes to the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus with its roof bristling with stubble.\nShall suffer loss (\u03b6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9)\nHe shall be mulcted, not punished. See on Mat 16:26; see on Luk 9:25.\nHe himself shall be saved\nCompare Dante of Constantine:\n\"The next who follows, with the laws and me,\nUnder the good intent that bore bad fruit\nBecame a Greek by ceding to the pastor;\nNow knoweth he how all the ill deduced\nFrom his good action is not harmful to him,\nAlthough the world thereby may be destroyed.\"\n\"Paradiso,\" xx. 55-60.\nBy fire (\u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2)\nBetter, Rev., through fire. He will escape as through the fire that consumes his work, as one does through the flames which destroy his house.\nTemple (\u03bd\u03b1\u1f78\u03c2)\nOr sanctuary. See on Mat 4:5. Compare Eph 2:21; Co2 6:16.\nDefile (\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9)\nRev., more correctly, destroy. This is the primary and almost universal meaning in classical Greek. In a fragment of Euripides it occurs of dishonoring a female. Sophocles uses it of women pining away in barrenness, and Plutarch of mixing pure colors. The phrase seems to be used here according to the Jewish idea that the temple was destroyed or corrupted by the slightest defilement or damage, or by neglect on the part of its guardians. Ignatius says: \"\u03bf\u1f31 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03c6\u03b8\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9; violators of the house (of God) shall not inherit the kingdom of God\" (To the Ephesians, 16).\nWhich temple (\u03bf\u1f35\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2)\nTemple is not in the Greek. The double relative which refers to the epithet holy; \"of which holy character or class ye are.\"\nHe taketh (\u1f41 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2)\nCited from Job 5:13, but not following the Septuagint verbally. The verb occurs only here, meaning to grasp with the hand. Rev., more accurately, gives the force of the participle with the article, he that taketh. This is the only allusion to the book of Job in the New Testament, except Jam 5:11.\nAll things are yours\nThe categories which follow form an inventory of the possessions of the Church and of the individual Christian. This includes: the christian teachers with different gifts; the world, life, and things present; death and things to come. In Christ, death becomes a possession, as the right of way between things present and things to come.\nThings present (\u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff6\u03c4\u03b1)\nSee on Rom 8:38.\nYe are Christ's\nA summary of the title following the inventory. Compare Rom 8:17.","title":"Vincent's Word Studies: 1 Corinthians: 1 Corinthians Chapter 3","type":"page"}