{"collection":"Bible & Christianity","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/bib/cmt/vws/co1004.htm","path":"bib/cmt/vws/co1004.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/vws/co1004.htm","text":"Vincent's Word Studies, by Marvin R. Vincent, [1886]\nMinisters (\u1f51\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2)\nSee on officer, Mat 5:25. Only here in Paul's epistles.\nStewards\nSee on Luk 16:1.\nIt is required (\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9)\nLit., it is sought for; thus agreeing with found in the following clause.\nA very small thing (\u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd)\nLit., unto a very small thing: it amounts to very little.\nJudged\nSee on Co1 2:14. Rev., in margin, examined.\nMan's judgment (\u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2)\nLit., man's day, in contrast with the day of the Lord (Co1 4:5).\nJudge (\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5)\nSee on Co1 2:14. The change of the verb favors the rendering examine for \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03c9. The Lord is the only competent examiner therefore do not judge until He comes to judgment. Even I myself am not competent to institute a conclusive examination, for the absence of condemnation from my conscience does not absolutely acquit me. See the critical note on Jo1 3:19-22.\nI have in a figure transferred (\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2)\nFrom \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac, denoting exchange, and \u03c3\u03c7\u1fc6\u03bc\u03b1 outward fashion. Here the fashion in which Paul expresses himself. See on transfigured, Mat 17:2.\nNot to go beyond the things which are written (\u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u1f03 \u03b3\u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9)\nLit. (that ye might learn) the not beyond what stands written. The article the introduces a proverbial expression. The impersonal it is written is commonly used of Old-Testament references.\nBe puffed up (\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5)\nUsed only by Paul in Corinthians and Colossians. From \u03c6\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b1 a pair of bellows.\nNow ye are full (\u1f24\u03b4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad)\nRev., better, filled. Ironical contrast between their attitude and that of the apostle in Co1 4:3, Co1 4:4. We are hungering for further revelations; ye are already filled without waiting for the Lord's coming.\nYe have reigned (\u1f10\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5)\nAmerican Rev., better, ye have come to reign; attained to dominion, that kingship which will be bestowed on Christians only at Christ's coming.\nWithout us\nThough it is through us that you are Christians at all.\nFor\nIntroducing a contrast between the inflated self-satisfaction of the Corinthians and the actual condition of their teachers. You have come to reign, but the case is very different with us, for I think, etc.\nHath set forth (\u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5\u03bd)\nOnly twice in Paul's writings; here, and Th2 2:4. See on approved, Act 2:22. In classical Greek used of publishing a law; shewing forth, and therefore naming or creating a king or military leader; bringing forward testimony; displaying treasure, etc. So here, exhibiting.\nLast (\u1f10\u03c3\u03c7\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2)\nAs in Mar 9:35, of relative rank and condition: as having in men's eyes the basest lot of all.\nAppointed to death (\u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2)\nRev., doomed. Only here in the New Testament. Probably an allusion to the practice of exposing condemned criminals in the amphitheatre to fight with beasts or with one another as gladiators. The gladiators, on entering the arena, saluted the presiding officer with the words Nos morituri salutamus, We who are to die greet you. Tertullian paraphrases this passage, God hath chosen us apostles last as beast-fighters. \"The vast range of an amphitheatre under the open sky, well represents the magnificent vision of all created things, from men up to angels, gazing on the dreadful death-struggle; and then the contrast of the selfish Corinthians sitting by unconcerned and unmoved by the awful spectacle\" (Stanley). For a similar image of spectators watching the contest in the arena, see Heb 12:1. Compare also Co1 15:32.\nSpectacle (\u03b8\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd)\nPrimarily, a theatre; then that which is exhibited. Compare the kindred verb \u03b8\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 being made a gazing-stock, Heb 10:33.\nUnto the world (\u03c4\u1ff7 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03c9)\nThe universe, a sense not usual with Paul; compare Co1 8:4. The words to angels and to men define world; so that the rendering of the American Rev. is preferable, both to angels and men. Principal Edwards remarks: \"This comprehensive use of the word kosmos is remarkable, because, on the one hand, it is an advance on the Old-Testament conception of two separate spheres of existence, heaven and earth, not comprehended under any wider designation; and, on the other, because it differs from the meaning attached to the word among the Greeks; inasmuch as the apostle uses it of the spiritual as well as the physical totality of existence.\" The spiritual oneness of the universe is a conception eminently characteristic of St. Paul; but it is foreshadowed by Plato. \"Communion and friendship and orderliness and temperance and justice bind together heaven and earth and gods and men; and this universe is therefore called kosmos or order; not disorder or misrule\" (\"Gorgias,\" 508).\nFor Christ's sake - in Christ (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd - \u1f10\u03bd \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff7)\nWe apostles are fools in the world's eyes on account of (\u03b4\u03b9\u1f70) Christ, because we know and preach nothing but Christ: You are wise in Christ, as Christians, making your Christianity a means to your worldly greatness - union with Christ the basis of worldly wisdom. \"Wise men are ye in your connection with Christ! Sagacious, enlightened Christians!\" (Meyer).\nHonorable (\u1f14\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03bf\u03b9)\nWith a suggestion of display and splendor. Right honorable are ye!\nWe have no certain dwelling-place (\u1f00\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd)\nFrom \u1f04\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 unstable, strolling about. Only here in the New Testament. Compare Mat 8:20; Mat 10:23; Heb 11:37. Wyc., we ben unstable.\nLabor (\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd)\nRev., toil. Unto weariness. See on Luk 5:5.\nReviled (\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9)\nSee on Act 23:4.\nWe bless (\u03b5\u1f50\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd)\nSee on blessed, Joh 12:13.\nWe suffer (\u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1)\nLit., we hold or bear up.\nDefamed (\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9)\nPublicly slandered; while reviled refers to personal abuse.\nIntreat (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd)\nSee on consolation, Luk 6:24, and see on comfort, Act 9:31. The sense is, we strive to appease by entreaty.\nFilth - offscouring (\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 - \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1)\nThe former word is from \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03c9 to cleanse all round. Hence that which is thrown off in cleansing; refuse. \u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 the refuse of a sacrifice. So Aeschylus. Electra says: \"Should I, like one who has carried away refuse (\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03b8) from a purification, after tossing away the urn, go back again with unturned eyes?\" (\"Choephoroe,\" 90). In Pro 21:18, Sept., it occurs in the sense of ransom. Some find an allusion here to an ancient Athenian custom of throwing certain worthless persons into the sea in case of plague or famine, saying Be our offscouring! These persons were called \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 offscourings, or \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 scrapings, in the belief that they would wipe away the nation's guilt. Ignatius says to the Ephesians, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd I am your offscouring. The sense is twofold: I am as the meanest among you; and I devote my life for you. In the middle of the third century, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c8\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 had become a common expression of formal compliment: your humble servant. See Lightfoot, \"Apostolic Fathers,\" on Ignatius to the Ephesians, 8. \"Compare Lam 3:45, and Tobit 5:18. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 that which is scraped or scoured off. Both words only here in the New Testament.\nThis tremendous piece of irony justifies the numerous allusions which have been made to Paul's vehemence and severity. Thus Dante, in his vision of the Earthly Paradise, pictures Paul:\n\"Two old men I beheld, unlike in habit,\nBut like in gait, each dignified and grave.\nOne (Luke) showed himself as one of the disciples\nOf that supreme Hippocrates whom Nature\nMade for the animals she holds most dear,\nContrary care the other (Paul) manifested,\nWith sword so shining and so sharp, it caused\nTerror to me on this side of the river.\"\n\"Purgatorio,\" xxix., 134-141.\n\"His words, indeed, seem to be those of a simple, and, as it were, an innocent and rustic man, who knows neither how to frame nor to avoid wiles; but whithersoever you look, there are thunderbolts\" (Jerome). \"Paul thunders, lightens, utters pure flames\" (Erasmus). See a collection of quotations in Farrar's \"Life and Work of St. Paul,\" i., 619.\nTo shame (\u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd)\nLit., as shaming. See on Mat 21:37. The verb means to turn about, hence to turn one upon himself; put him to shame. Compare Th2 3:14; Tit 2:8. Also, in the middle voice, in the sense of reverence; to turn one's self toward another. See Mar 12:6; Luk 18:2. The kindred noun \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae occurs twice: Co1 6:5; Co1 15:34. Compare Sophocles: \"Think you he will have any regard (\u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u1f74\u03bd) for the blind man\" (\"Oedipus at Colonos,\" 299).\nTutors (\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2)\nFrom \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 boy and \u1f00\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 leader. The Paedagogus was a slave to whom boys were entrusted on leaving the care of the females, which was somewhere about their sixteenth year. He was often a foreigner, sometimes educated and refined, but often otherwise; for Plutarch complains that seamen, traders, usurers, and farmers are engaged in this capacity. The office was one of general guardianship, not of instruction, though sometimes the paedagogus acted as teacher. He accompanied the boy to school, carrying his books, etc., and attended him to the gymnasium and elsewhere. See, further, on Gal 3:24.","title":"Vincent's Word Studies: 1 Corinthians: 1 Corinthians Chapter 4","type":"page"}