{"collection":"Bible & Christianity","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/bib/cmt/vws/jam004.htm","path":"bib/cmt/vws/jam004.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/vws/jam004.htm","text":"Vincent's Word Studies, by Marvin R. Vincent, [1886]\nLusts (\u1f21\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd)\nLit., pleasures, as Rev. Properly, sensual pleasures. The sinful pleasures are the outgrowths of the lusts, Jam 4:2.\nThat war (\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd)\nThe thought of wars and rightings is carried into the figurative description of the sensuality which arrays its forces and carries on its campaign in the members. The verb does not imply mere fighting, but all that is included in military service. A remarkable parallel occurs in Plato, \"Phaedo,\" 66: \"For whence come wars and rightings and factions? Whence but from the body and the lusts of the body?\" Compare Pe1 2:11; Rom 7:23.\nYe lust\nSee on desire, Pe1 1:12; and Mar 4:19.\nDesire to have (\u03b6\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b5)\nRev., covet, and are jealous, in margin. See on Jam 3:14.\nYe ask (\u03b1\u1f30\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b5)\nSee on \u1f20\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, besought, Mat 15:23.\nAmiss (\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u1ff6\u03c2)\nLit., evilly: with evil intent, as explained by the following sentence.\nConsume it upon (\u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f10\u03bd)\nMore correctly, as Rev., spend it in. The sense is not lay out expense upon your pleasures, but spend in the exercise of; under the dominion of.\nYe adulterers (\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u1f76)\nAll the best texts omit.\nAdulteresses (\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2)\nThe feminine term is the general designation of all whom James here rebukes. The apostate members of the church are figuratively regarded as unfaithful spouses; according to the common Old-Testament figure, in which God is the bridegroom or husband to whom his people are wedded. See Jeremiah 3; Hosea 2, Hos 3:1-5, 4; Isa 54:5; Isa 62:4, Isa 62:5. Also, Mat 12:39; Co2 11:2; Rev 19:7; Rev 21:9.\nWill be (\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u1fc7 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9)\nMore correctly, as Rev., would be. Lit., may have been minded to be.\nIs the enemy (\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9)\nThereby constitutes himself. Rev., maketh himself. See on Jam 3:6.\nDo ye think (\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b5)\nSee on Jam 1:26.\nThe scripture (\u1f21 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u1f74)\nSee on Mar 12:10. Properly, a passage of scripture.\nIn vain (\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u1ff6\u03c2)\nOnly here in New Testament.\nResisteth\nSee on Pe1 5:5.\nProud\nSee on Mar 7:22.\nHumble\nSee on Mat 7:29.\nSubmit yourselves (\u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5)\nRev., be subject. The verb means to place or arrange under; as resist (Jam 4:6) is to array against. God sets himself in array against the proud; therefore, array yourselves under God, that ye may withstand the devil.\nPurify (\u1f01\u03b3\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5)\nOne of the three instances in the New Testament in which the word is not used of ceremonial purification. The others are Pe1 1:22; Jo1 3:3.\nDouble-minded (\u03b4\u03af\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9)\nCompare Jam 1:8.\nBe afflicted (\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5)\nOnly here in New Testament. The kindred noun \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, misery, occurs Jam 5:1.\nMourn (\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5)\nUsed of grief that is manifested. So mostly in New Testament, and very commonly joined, as here, with weep. So Mar 16:10; Luk 6:25, etc. In the next sentence occurs the kindred noun \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2, mourning, into which laughter, also something manifest, is to be changed.\nHeaviness (\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd)\nProperly, a casting down of the eyes. Compare Luk 18:13. Only here in New Testament.\nThere is one lawgiver (\u03b5\u1f36\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u1f76\u03bd \u1f41 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2)\nThe A. V. fails to note the emphatic position of one. Better, Rev., one only is the lawgiver. \u039d\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, lawgiver, only here in New Testament.\nBut who art thou? (\u03c3\u1f7a \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36)\nAccording to the Greek order: but thou, who art thou?\nGo to now (\u1f04\u03b3\u03b5 \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd)\nGo to is an obsolete phrase, though retained in Rev. It is a formula for calling attention: come now.\nSuch a city (\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd)\nMore accurately, as Rev., this city.\nContinue there a year (\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd)\nLit., we will make a year. See, for the same form of expression, Act 15:33; Act 18:23; Co2 11:25. Better, as Rev., spend a year there. (Compare the A. V., Act 18:23, rightly retained by Rev.) The word \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd implies more than mere continuance; rather, a doing something with the year.\nAnd\nThe frequent use of the copulative gives a lively tone to the passage, expressive of the lightness and thoughtlessness of a careless spirit.\nBuy and sell (\u1f10\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1)\nRev., more concisely, trade. Only here and Pe2 2:3.\nWhereas ye know not (\u03bf\u1f35\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5)\nThe pronoun marking a class, as being of those who know not.\nWhat shall be on the morrow (\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f54\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd)\nLit., the thing of the morrow. The texts vary. Westcott and Hort read, Ye know not what your life shall be on the morrow, for ye are a vapor: thus throwing out the question.\nWhat is your life? (\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1)\nLit., of what kind or nature.\nIt is even a vapor (\u1f00\u03c4\u03bc\u1f76\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ac\u03c1 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd)\nBut all the best texts read \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5, ye are. So Rev., which, however, retains the question, what is your life ?\nAppeareth - vanisheth\nBoth participles, appearing, vanishing.\nAnd then (\u1f14\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76)\nThe \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 placed after the adverb then is not copulative, but expresses that the vapor vanishes even as it appeared.\nFor that ye ought to say (\u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f51\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2)\nJam 4:14 was parenthetical, so that at this point the thought is taken up from Jam 4:13 : Ye who say we will go, etc. - for that ye ought to say. The rendering in margin of Rev. is simpler: instead of your saying.\nYe rejoice (\u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c7\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5)\nRev., glory. See on Jam 2:13.\nBoastings (\u1f00\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2)\nOnly here and Jo1 2:16. The kindred word \u1f00\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03ce\u03bd, a boaster, is derived from \u1f04\u03bb\u03b7, a wandering or roaming; hence, primarily, a vagabond, a quack, a mountebank. From the empty boasts of such concerning the cures and wonders they could perform, the word passed into the sense of boaster. One may boast truthfully; but \u1f00\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 is false and swaggering boasting. Rev. renders vauntings, and rightly, since vaunt is from the Latin vanus, empty, and therefore expresses idle or vain boasting.","title":"Vincent's Word Studies: James: James Chapter 4","type":"page"}