{"collection":"Bible & Christianity","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/bib/cv/pch/pch88.htm","path":"bib/cv/pch/pch88.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/bib/cv/pch/pch88.htm","text":"Pagan Christs, by John M. Robertson, [1911]\nAaron, 175\nAbammon, 16\nAbipones, the, 49 n.\nAbraham, 48, 51 n., 175, and Isaac, 64, 65, 124, 153, 162, 302 n.\nAbraxas, 334\nAbtinas, 159\nAchan, 149 n.\nAcolhuan civilisation, 348 n., 366\nActs of Pilate, 202\nAddison, L., quoted, 169\nAdmetus, 324\nAdonai, 49\nAdonis, Vegetation-God, 307; cult of, 99, 181, 195, 319, 433; resurrection of, 145, 190, 206, 307\nAdulterers, eaten, 136 n.\nAdversary, doctrine of, 86\n\u00c6schylus, 172\n\u00c6sculapius, 206\nAfrican religion, 41; sacrifices, 106, 117 n., 122; absence of interest in heavenly bodies, 171\nAgap\u00e6, Christian, 314, 326, 412\nAgesilaus, 127 n.\nAgni, gives Gods immortality, 51; origin of, 53, 100, 318; as messenger of the Gods, 216, 221; as Logos, 221, 290; in Vedas, 284; as dove, 290; as bull, 299\nAgnostics and atheists, religious by definition, 19 n.; the term \"agnostic,\" 233\nAhura Mazda, origin of, 284-5; relation of to Mithra, 288 ff., 294, 296, 311, 315, 410; a husband and father, 294 n.; in Avesta, 288 ff., 308 n., 311; in trinity, 315; and Ameshaspentas, 317\nAi, 150\nAinu, the, 30\nAkatuira, 43\nAkkadian civilisation, 78-9, 128, 343\nAlbanians, human sacrifices by, 125\nAlexander Severus, 278\nAlexandria, human sacrifice at, 126\nAlgonkins, human sacrifice by, 156\nAllegory in religion, 328-9\nAllen, Grant, on Christian origins, xxiii-v; on human sacrifices, 210 n., 317 n.\nAlpha and Omega, 142, 164, 294\nAltars, 317 n.\nAmbassador, sacrificial, 159, 190\nAmenthes, Egyptian, 309 n.\nAmerica, religions of ancient, 339 ff.; races of, 339 ff.; civilisations of, 345 ff., 347, 380\nAmeshaspentas, 296, 311, 317, 320\nAmhaaretz, sacrifice of, 160\nAmosis, 61\nAmun, 92, 95, 205 n.; sacrifice of ram to, 131, 301, 303, 320 n.\nAnahid, 293\nAnahuac, 342\nAnaitis, 217 n., 293, 296, 322, 326\nAnathema, 138\nAncestor-worship, 31-2, 40 ff., 47 ff., 103\nAndhras, the, 247 n.\nAndrophagoi, 128\nAngels, belief in, 86, 105; the angel in the Pentateuch, 163, 218, 220, 315, 428\nAnimals, sacred, 184\nAnna, 97\nAnointing, in sacrifice, 112, 125; of priests, 158; of Jesus, 201\nAnquetil, 294 n.\nAnthropology, 98\nAnthropophagy. See Cannibalism\nAnu, 221\nAphrodit\u00ea, 295; as masculine, 297 n.\nApocalypse, Jesus in, 142, 164; Lamb in, 142, 164, 208, 330; Judaic character of, 164; elders in, 179; Mithraic details in, 205, 208; tau in, 310; Mazdean elements in, 142, 164, 330\nApollo, evolution of, 95, 96, 176 n., 322; cult of, 320 n.; descent to Hades of, 307; human sacrifice to, 124; and Thargelia, 148; titles of, 332; as Teaching-God, 214, 217, 222; Destroyer and helper, 293; as\nfeminine, 297 n.; Cave-God, 304 n.; God of Rocks, 305 n.\nApollonius of Tyana, 57, 274-80; and Jesus, 277; birth-story of, 277\nAquarius, 337\nArabs, life of, 53 n.; use of cross by, 157; treatment of camels by, 184 n.; human sacrifices by, 126, 131-2, 134 n., 137 n.\nArahatship, in Buddhism, 248\nArbitrary, meaning of word, 5\nArchelaus, 264-5\nArdivisura, 293\nArianism, 96\nArishtanemi, 252\nAristobula, 188\nAristophanes, cited, 127\nAristotle, 198\nArmenia, Mazdeism in, 291\nArminius, 57\nArnold, 77 n.\nArt, Greek, 329; Assyrian and Persian, 300; Mexican, 344\nArtaxerxes Mnemon, 290-1\nArtemis, human sacrifices to, 60, 188; a saviour, 206\nArthur's Oon, 282\nAryans, religion of early, 53, 71 n.\nAscension, the, 401\nAsia, and Oceanic peoples, 153; and America, xxiii, 156, 340 ff.\nAssyrian religion, 68, 75, 285; empire, 79; temples, 182 n.\nAsuras, 51\nAsvamedha sacrifice, 183\nAtheism in Brahmanism and Buddhism, 250\nAthen\u00e6us, cited, 293 n.\nAth\u00ean\u00ea, evolution of, 95; and Parthenos, 135; epithets of, 167 n.; as teacher, 215, 217; origin of, 217 n.; a virgin mother, 322\nAthenians, human sacrifices by, 127\nAtman, doctrine of the, 251\nAtonement, Jewish Day of, 158, 160, 165, 168\nAttis, evolution of, 95; cult of, 99, 181, 195, 196; resurrection of, 206, 307; Vegetation-God, 307: tree of, 318 n.; in Orphicism, 322; epithets of, 332 n.\nAugustine, as cult founder, 57; cited, 268 n., 272\nAugustus, sacrifices to, 129\nAurelian, 325 n.\nAustralians, aboriginal, 41 n., 44 n., 71, 104, 209 n., 410-1; Frazer and Lang on, 12; ancestor-worship among, 41, 43, 48; ethics of, 71, 72; names of, 100 n., 103; food supply of, 104 and note\nAvebury, Lord, 102 n.\nAziluth, 315\nAztecs, religion of, 346 ff.; human sacrifices of, 137, 360 ff., 369 ff., 373; civilisation of, 342, 369, 380 ff.\nB\u00e2bism, xvi-xviii\nBabylonian creation myth, 130; taboo of God-names, 49; deluge epic, 51; civilisation, 78-9; religion, 51, 303 n., 364; higher aspects, 97; influence on Judaism, 74 ff., 80 ff., 86, 167; on Mithraism, 291-2, 300, 315; human sacrifices, 128; Logos, 218 ff.; hymns and priestly schools, 222 n.; Messianism, 166\nBachichi, the, 134 n.\nBaentsch, 84 n.\nBah, the God, 142\nBahram, 266\nBancroft, H. H., cited, 350, 371\nBandelier, 391 ff.\nBaptism, Mithraic, 380; Mexican, 356, 379\nBarabbas, meaning of name, 146; annual sacrifice of, 162, 182, 185, 186, 198, 400\nBarbary, Jewish sacrifices in, 169\nBarth, 261\nBataks, religion of, 2 n., 31-2, 42-3; taboo of names among, 49; human sacrifices by, 116, 126; animal sacrifices by, 126, 184; symbolic sacrifices by, 139; ritual cannibalism of, 135, 389\nBatchelor, 30\nBaur, cited, 244, 259, 326 n.; on Manich\u00e6us, 267; on Apollonius of Tyana, 276 ff.\nBeatitudes, the, 219 n.\nBeausobre, 264 n., 265, 267 n.\nBechuanaland, magic in, 18; names in, 103\nBehnya, 117 n.\nBelief, nature of, 25\nBelisama, 215\nBelloguet, cited, 137\nBellona, 129\nBeloved Gods, origin of, 3, 263; as Christs, 4; sacramentally eaten, 144;\nin Judaism, 163, 166-7, 268; in Greece, 167; in Manich\u00e6ism, 268; their relation to history, 279; in Mazdeism, 294; survival values of, 328-9; in America, 370 ff.; attributes of, 375 n.\nBelti, 297\nBentley, 143 n.\nBernard, St., 426\nBhagav\u00e2, 244\nBibliolatry, 66\nBimbis\u00e2ra, 252\nBishops, Christian, their rites and robes, 331\nBlack in sacrifice, 171\nBlavatsky, Mme., as cult-founder, 58\nBleek, discussed, 159 n.\nBlood, religious use of, 111, 115, 128, 129, 130, 141, 189, 213 n., 320 and note, 362, 373\nBodhisatvas, 257\nBoeckh and Burckhardt, cited, 94\nBonny, sacrifices at, 133, 183\nBook of the Great Decease, 245\nBoora Pennu, 64 n., 109 ff., 215\nBoughs, symbolic meanings of, 191 n.\nBouphonia, 130-1\nBousset, xiv\nBrahmanism and magic, 13, 21; and pantheism, 76; Logos in, 218-9; creation doctrine of, 221; and Babylonia, 221; and Buddhism, 250, 254 ff., 260, 263\nBrahmans deified, 138 n.\nBrazil, civilisation of, 348\nBread, sacramental, medicinal virtue of, 144; evolution of, 207 n.\n\"Brethren of the Lord,\" xix, 399 ff.\nBrinton, cited and discussed, 345 n., 368 n., 375 n., 382\nBrown, Dr. G., 351 n.\nBrugsch, cited, 77 n.\nBryant, 223\nBuckland, A. H., cited, 342 n.\nBuckle, 348\nBuddha, 4, 57, 238; legend of, 239 ff.; sayings attributed to, 240 ff.; alleged essential teachings of, 241; alleged founding of society by, 242 ff.; meaning of name, 243; multiplicity of, 243 ff., 262; cruces of record of, 246 ff.; details concerning, 250-2; and Asoka, 253 ff.; unhistorical, 256 ff.; Senart on, 258 ff.; alleged tomb remains of, 260-1; inscriptions relating to, 429\nBuddhaghosa, 243\nBuddhavansa, the, 243\nBuddhism, 56; history of, 239 ff.; derivative character of, 247 ff., 256, 260; failure of, 263; in Thibet and Japan, 344\nBudini, the, 267\nBuffalo, sacred, sacrifice of, 110, 114, 116, 126, 183 n.\nBull, sacred, 184; sacrament of, 140; symbolical meaning of, 298 ff., 320\nBurckhardt, cited, 94\nBurning and burying of bodies, 312\nBurying alive, 379 n.\nByron, Constant on, 58 n.\nCaiaphas, 122\nCalendar, the Jewish, 145-6; the Mexican and Mongolian, 342\nCalf, sacrifice of, as God, 130\nCallatians, 128\nCalvin, as cult-founder, 57\nCamel, white, sacrifice of, 131\nCancer and Capricorn, 323, 337\nCannibalism, 47 n., 65, 104 n., 106; ritual, 106, 132-3, 134, 140 ff., 173, 351, 354, 364 ff., 389; and civilisation, 385\nCanning, Major, cited, 389\nCapacocha, 378\nCarpenter, J. E., 194 n., 305 n., 396; criticised, 427-35; on Prof. Drews, 432 ff.\nCarthage, human sacrifices in, 61, 124, 126, 189, 356 n.\nCatacombs, religion in, 208, 326, 411\nCatholicism and the backward races, 381 ff.\nCave, myths of, 266, 272, 304 ff., 321 ff.; temples, 107 n., 303 ff.\nCecrops, 60\nChaldean religion. See Babylonia\nChambers, E. K., 196 n., 198 n.\nChance in nature, 14 n.\nChandragupta, 253 ff.\nChastity, in pagan cults, 326, 350, 366\nCheetham, 143 n.\nCherubim, the, 309 n.\nChild-God, 322\nChild-sacrifice, Hebrew, 64, 152, 158; Carthaginian, 65, 124, 126; American, 124, 351, 353; Semitic, 124, 161, 344; Zulu, 124; Arab, 124; Mexican, 124, 344, 356, 373; Polynesian, 154 n.; symbolic, among Christians, 207, 368; Peruvian, 378\nChinese religion, 51 n., 53 n.; human sacrifices, 61 and note; civilisation, 345; Spring Festival, 139-40\nChosroes, fire-temple of, 282\nChrestus, xiv, 406\nChrist, the Jewish, 2, 89, 91, 95, 175, 179\nChristianity, and magic, 31; and monotheism, 93; anthropophagy in, 141; foundation of, 190; causes of success of, 328-9, 330\nChristmas, 293 n., 305, 332, 373\nChrists, pagan, 4, 206, 212, 263, 328-9, 370 ff.\nChrysostom, 278\nChuenaten = Akhunaton, 60, 75, 84 n.\nCilician pirates, the, 316 n., 325\nCimbri, human sacrifice among, 123 n., 191 n.\nCivilisation, development of, 37 ff.\nClaudius, 129\nClavigero, cited, 348 n., 355 n.\nClemen, Prof., criticised, xv, 435-7\nClemens Alexandrinus, cited, 174n., 272\nCoatlicue, 359\nCock, sacrifice of, 118 n.; Jewish sacrifice of, 168 ff.; African sacrifice of, 170-1; Greek sacrifice of, 171; Ghasiya sacrifice of, 172; Chinese sacrifice of, 171 n.; in legend of Peter, 333\nCodooloos, the, 114\nColenso, xv\nCommunion, Christian, 212; theories of, 143. See Eucharist and Sacrament\nComte, cited, 15; on law of three stages, 384; as cult-founder, 58\nConfucius, 239\nCongo, sacrifices in, 170\nConquest and civilisation, 36, 79\nConsciousness, religious, 24, 25, 27, 34, 60, 62\nConstant, B., cited and discussed, 58 n., 384\nConstantine, 325\nConvents, pagan, 353\nCort\u00e8s, 371\nCosmic emotion, 58\nCouperie, 61 n.\nCow, the sacred, 130\nCrawley, Rev. E., criticised, xiv, 402 ff.\nCriminals, sacrificed, 125, 127, 134 ff., 182\nCriobolium, the, 208, 303, 335\nCrocodile, sacrifices to, 155\nCross, the, in human sacrifice, 112-13, 118, 151, 154, 157; Judaic symbol, 157, 158; meanings of, 190; in Osirian cult, 190 n., 196; in other cults, 319, 368; Arab symbol, 157; Hindu symbol, 157 n.; Mithraic symbol, 309\nCrowns, in sacrifice, 112, 114 n., 178, 191; in Mithraism, 314, 319 n. Crucifixion, the Christian, 118 ff., 144 ff.; Roman resort to, 120 n., 126; mode of, 152; of Prometheus, 167; of Cyrus, 167; of Manich\u00e6us, 266; mystical, 196; in pagan cults, 319, 389, 433\nCrux Ansata, the, 189\nCubricus. See Manich\u00e6us\nCudworth, cited, 419\nCulin, S., cited, 341 n.\nCulture-history, difficulties of, 349; value of American civilisations for, 349\nCumont, services of to hierology, xxii; on distribution of Mithraic monuments, 282 n.; on Gods as fathers, 294 n.; on Chaldean elements in Mithraism, 300 n.; on cave-worship, 304 n.; on Apuleius, 321 n.; on Roman Mithr\u00e6ums, 324 n.; on women in Mithraism, 326 n.; and Fr. Martindale, 426\nCunningham, J. F., 107\nCup, the mystic, 318\nCustom, dissolution of, 37\nCyprus, human sacrifices in, 61\nCyrus, debt of Judaism to, 67, 83; and Sac\u00e6a, 148 n.; crucifixion of, 167; and history, 232; tomb of, 273; birth of, 321\nDabaiba, 350\nDagon, 208\nDahomey, human sacrifices in, 61, 136; cannibalism in, 141\nDall, cited, 346 n.\nDamascius, 220\nDamis, 276\nDaniel, 316\nDapper, 109 n.\nDarius, 290\nDarmesteter, on age of Avesta, 285; on Ormazd and Mithra, 288-9; on Mazdean literature, 290; on Logos in Mazdeism, 296 n.; on Mithraic bull, 298 n.; on Mithraic trials, 308 n.; on\n[paragraph continues] Judaism and Persia, 315 n.; on stable-birth, 322-3 n.\nDaumer, xxv\nDavids, Prof. Rhys, services of to hierology, xxvi; on Buddhism, 240 ff.\nDavies, Prof. T. W., on magic and religion, 12-13\nDeath, savage views of, 1, 48; in ritual, 308\nDeformed persons sacrificed, 139\nDeissmann, 429-30\nDe la Roche, cited, 278\nDelitzsch, 75 n.\nD\u00eam\u00eat\u00ear, epithets of, 167 n.; cult of, 142, 176 n., 191, 195; as teacher, 215\nDescent to Hades, of Apollonius of Tyana, 277; an astronomic myth, 303; of Herakles, 307; of Mithra, 307, 323, 421; of Apollo, 307\nDe Soyres, 274 n.\nDespotism and civilisation, 36, 38\nDeutsch, cited, 314\nDevil, notion of, 86\nDewadatta, 252\nDhammapada, the, 241, 244, 257\nDinga, 109\nDio Cassius, cited, 125 n.\nDionysius the pseudo-Areopagite, 418\nDionysos, origin of, 53 and note, 100; evolution of, 96, 97, 321; Om\u00east\u00eas, 123; cult of, 97, 99, 130, 132, 144, 167, 176 n., 181, 195, 330; sacrifices to, 123, 130, 140, 301; the Liberator, 167; two-formed, 180; myths of, 64 n., 185, 206, 321 and note, 323; Eucharist of, 142, 195, 207, 318; as teacher, 214-15; as feminine, 297 n.; epithets of, 167, 206; vegetation-God, 307\nDioscuri, the, 206\nDiphilus, 61\nDisease, savage views of, 1\nDissent, scientific aspect of, 96\nDods, Dr. M., cited, 265\nDog, sacramentally sacrificed, 140, 352; sanctity of, 312; the symbolic, 299\nDove, sacred symbol, 92 n., 223, 290\nDrama, conditions of, 197, 198; Peruvian, 377-8. See Mystery-Drama\nDraper, cited, 380 n.\nDreams, belief in, 44\nDrews, Prof. A., xi, xii, 398, 432\nDrugging in sacrifice, 113, 114, 116, 119, 140 n., 155\nDruids, human sacrifices of, 128, 129\nDrummond, 226\nDrunkenness, religious, 293 n.\nDurkheim, cited, 19\nEaster, lamb sacrificed at, 143, 318, 320; image of child eaten at, 207; a solar festival, 306\n\"Eating the God,\" 136, 141, 368. See Eucharist and Sacraments\nEbritum, sacrifices at, 132\nEconomics of religion, 79, 88, 92, 280, 324, 327, 369, 372\nEddy, Mrs., as cult-founder, 58\nEgeria, 217\nEgg, the Easter\u2014a cosmic symbol, 208, 221; blessing of, 143\nEgyptian religion, 15, 21 n., 23, 44, 60, 67, 68, 75, 76, 77, 87 n., 92 n., 105; human sacrifices, 61; sacraments, 142; hieroglyphics, 190 n., 345; deification of kings, 47; taboo of God names, 49; influence on Hebrews, 67; monotheism, 77; ethics, 77; cross, 189; Teaching-Gods, 214; symbols, 309 n.\nElagabalus, 125, 129 n., 326 n.\nEleezer, Rabbi, 178 n.\nEl Elyon, 175\nElias of Crete, 308 n.\nEllis, A. B., cited, on Gods of fear, 2; on thank offerings, 105 n.; on slain messengers, 108 n.; on African sacrifices, 117 n.; on white in sacrifice, 151 n.\nEl Shaddai, 67 n.\nEnemies, sacrificed, 135 n., 351, 364\nEpimenides, 149\nEpiphanius, 204 n.\nEr, 272\nErua, 221\nEskimo religion, 14 n.\nEsoteric religion, 330\nEsther, 145\nEthical Societies, Crawley on, 404\nEthics, Christian and pagan, 32, 426; and early law, 54-5; and religion, 40, 55, 56, 58, 72, 76 ff.; Hebrew, 68 ff.; sacrificial, 32, 72; Mithraic, 288-9, 311, 326; Mazdean, 288-9, 312; Ancient American, 366 ff.; Brahmanic, 290 n.; of Apollonius of Tyana, 279; and supernaturalism, 383 ff.\nEuboulos, 304\nEucharists, Egyptian, 142; heredity of, 31, 90; Jewish, 164, 168 ff.; Dionysiak, 142, 195, 207, 318; Mithraic, 142-3, 174, 207, 307 ff., 318, 332 n.; other pagan, 207 n.; Christian, 141, 206-7; total evolution of, 209-13; ancient American, 144, 351, 352, 364 ff., 368, 373\nEuripides, 97\nEurynomos, 94 n.\nEvangelists, emblems of, 309 n.\nEvans, A. J., cited, 304 n., 345\nEwald, 67\nExecutions, sacrificial, 135 ff.\nExorcism, 31\nEzekiel, 157\nEzra, book of, 83\nFabricius, V., cited, 15 n.\nFamily and religion, 45, 52, 54\nFarrar, A. S., cited, 75\nFasts, pagan, 350\nFate as ruling the Gods, 15\nFawckner, 138 n.\nFear, Gods of, 1-3; religion of, 11, 27, 40, 41\nFeathers as sacred symbols, 359, 360\nFeeling and religion, xv, 29, 33\nFeridun, 232\nFestivals, dates of, 324\nFichte, 56\nFiji, priest-kings in, 36; religion in, 343 n., 386; cannibalism in, 133, 134 n., 365\nFire, symbolic, 206; cult of, 373, 377\nFire-God, sacrifices to, 119, 271, 344, 373; as Logos, 221; Babylonian, 269; American, 119, 271, 368, 373; origin of, 285, 318; festival of, 368; sacrament of, 368, 373\nFirmicus, 296, 306, 310 n., 318\nFirst-born, 296; sacrifices of, 123, 128, 152; name of Logos, 218, 222, 224, 296\nFish, the divine, 207, 301-2, 364\nFison, Mr., cited, 41\nFlaubert, 82\nFlaying, in human sacrifice, 137, 190, 266, 270, 344, 364, 373\nFleet, Dr., 261\nFlorus, cited, 125 n.\nFohsu, 117 n.\nFolklore, xxii\nFomagata, 360\nFounder, place of in religion, 57-8\nFour, sacred number and symbols, 309 n.\nFrancis Island, cannibalism in, 135\nFrancis, Saint, 57\nFraud, religious, 63\nFrazer, J. G., services of, to hierology, xxiii; theory of, as to Christian sacra, 118, 144 ff.; on magic and religion, 11 ff., 20, 24, 36; on the Christian crucifixion, 118; on Athenian human sacrifices, 127; on Barabbas, 162; on Purim, 143, 145, 168; on Firmicus, 306 n., 319 n.; on Vegetation-Gods, 307; on magic and progress, 35 ff.; on magic and art, 35 n.; on Adonis, 433; on Godhood of kings, 47 n.; on primitive idea of duration, 47; on totemism, 99 n., 102 n.; on Porphyry, 137 n.; on Gods and animals, 320 n.; on entry into Jerusalem, 185; on sacrificial scourging, 189 n.\nFreethinkers, duty of, 383\nFuruhers, 294 n.\nFustel de Coulanges, discussed, 54\nGall in the mysteries, 191\nGallwey, quoted, 154\nGammadion, the, 309\nGanesa, 157 n.\nGarcilasso, 378\nGauls, human sacrifices by, 137\nGebelezeis, 269\nGelele, King, 61\nGelon, 61\nGenius, moral, and religious reform, 60, 72, 78\nGeorge, St., 333\nGezo, King, 61\nGhasiyas, sacrifice by, 172\nGhillany, xxiv, xxv, 150 n., 173\nGhosts, savage ideas of, 41 ff., 54\nGill, cited, 43\nGirard, discussed and cited, 50 n., 94\nGladstone, cited, 68 n.\nGlass, as cult-founder, 57\nGnosticism, and ancestor Gods, 47; and Judaism, 95; and the early Church, 96; and mystery dramas, 204 n.; and fish symbol, 208; and Babylonian theosophy, 222, 267; and Mithra, 334\nGoat-God, the, 85, 106, 302, 323; sacrifice of, 106, 151\nGoddesses evemerised, 166 n.\nGods, origins of, 1-2, 3, 41 ff., 47 ff., 53; names tabooed, 49; as eaters of human flesh, 47 n.; evolution of, 50 ff.; relation of, to men, 1, 8, 12, 13, 15, 20, 22, 28, 40, 42 ff., 52, 71, 79; supreme, 24, 71, 86, 87, 96, 358; secondary, 89, 95 ff., 99 ff.; creative, 43, 87, 96, 350, 358, 363, 376; Saviour, 99, 294; sacrificed, 99 ff., 130 ff., 362, 363; teaching, 214 ff.; as children, 322\nGold Coast, sacrifices on, 117 n.\nGolden Rule, in Lao Tsze, 219 n.\nGoldziher, discussed, 70 n.\nGonds, cannibal sacrament of, 132; symbolism of, 139\nGore, Bishop, 404\nGospels, the, crucifixion details in, 119 ff., 192, 193; theophagy in, 141; text of mystery drama in, 197 ff.; their value as history, 228 ff., 234-6; brethren of the Lord in, 399-400; the Primitive, 201\nGracchus, 331\nGranger, cited, 2 n.\nGrannos, 215\nGratian, 331\nGratitude in religion, 3, 8, 29, 40\nGraves, evolution of, 317 n.\nGreek religious thought, 15, 52, 94; influence on Judaism, 88, 90; influence on Semitic culture, 218 n.; influence on Islam, 93; influence on Rome, 45-6; science, 38; human sacrifices, 60, 64, 135; animal sacrifices, 171; ethics and Jewish, 68 n.; culture, value of, 76\nGregorie, 176 n.\nGregory, St., 331\nGriffin, 300 n.\nGrote, on human sacrifice, 127; on historical evidence, 231 ff.\nGuatemala, human sacrifice in, 354, 362-3\nGubernatis, xxvi\nGuerinot, 252 n.\nGuiana, sorcery in, 23 n.\nGuizot, 294 n.\nGunkel, 437\nHades, 53\nHadrian, 125\nHaeckel, cited, 341\nHaidas, sacrifices of, 171 n.\nHaigh, on Dionysus, 97 n.\nHair, cutting of, for sacrifice, 111, 307\nHanging as mode of sacrifice, 149-50, 151\nHarnack, xii\nHarrison, Miss, on the religion of fear, 3 n.; on origin of Dionysus, 53 n.; on sacrifice, 106 n., 171\nHarvest, sacrifices at, 149\nHathor, 53\nHaug, cited and discussed, 286 n., 288\nHavet, cited, 315\nHawaii, Teaching-Gods of, 215\nHaynes, cited, 340 n.\nHebrew religion, 16, 42, 47 n., 48, 49, 51, 64, 80 ff., 180; monotheism, 66 ff., 74, 76 ff., 80 ff., 87; ethics, 68 ff., 75 ff., 81, 93; polytheism, 67 ff., 86, 91; effects on, of Exile, 65; aspects of, at Return, 72-3, 82, 83, 85 ff.; overvaluation of, 74 ff., 76 ff., 84; literature, 72, 74 ff., 84, 85; culture and commerce, 88; temple finance, 88; expansion, 89; fraudulent history, 80 ff.; festivals, 145 ff.; human sacrifices, 64, 135 n., 149-50, 158 ff., 189; taboo of names, 49; dualism, 86; prophets as cult-founders, 57; high-priests, 88; cosmology, 75; superstition, 86-7, 93; eucharists, 168 ff.; obsession of blood, 189\nHeifer, sacrifice of, 158\nHeinrici, xiii\nHell, the Christian, 205\nHerakleitos, Logos of, 218 n., 222\nHerakles, in Homer, 81 n.; labours of, 308, 336; cult of, 99, 131, 167, 195, 337; sacrifices to, 130, 195, 337; crown of, 191; cave God, 304 n.; resurrection of, 195 n., 307; a Saviour, 206; and history, 234\nHercules, 337\nHeresy, 96\nHermes, as teacher of Apollo, 214; rival and son of Apollo, 292; Logos, 217, 222; epithets of, 299; birth of, 304 n., 321 n.; as lamb bearer, 332\nHerod the Great, character of, 90; and Antigonus, 181; theatres built by, 204\n\u2014\u2014 Antipas, in Gospels, 193, 199\nHerodotus, cited, on Egyptian sacrifices, 123, 131; on Scythians, 127-8; on Herakles in Egypt, 191; on Osirian mysteries, 194; on the Budini, 267; on Zalmoxis, 269; on Persian religion, 295\nHershon, 168\nHervey Islands, religion in 43, 181\nHiawatha, 352\nHibbert Journal, review in criticised, xii, 396 ff.\nHierocles, 278\nHierology, purpose and principles of, xxii, 98, 387\nHigh-places, Assyrian, 182 n.; vogue of sacrifices on, 292-3; Asiatic and American compared, 343, 354; Polynesian, 343; Mexican sacrifices on, 362; in legend of Quetzalcoatl, 366\nHillebrandt, 290 n.\nHillel, 179\nHindus, religion of early, 41, 47 n.\nHistory, critical method in, 231 ff.\nHobbes, 29\nHolden, 124 n.\nHoly Spirit, sex of, 92, 220, 297 n.; in Judaism and Jesuism, 92; the Christian, 96-7; in paganism, 206; evolution of, 220; in Philo, 227-8\nHommel, discussed, 74 n.\nHorace, 129\nHormisdas, 266\nHoros, 131 n., 206, 306, 319 n.; as fish, 208, 302 n.\nHorse, sacrifice of, 183-4\nHubert et Mauss, cited, 134 n.\nHuitzilopochtli, 144; as teacher, 214; symbols of, 357; temples of, 343; evolution of, 357 ff.; sacrifices to, 362, 363; eucharist of, 373\nHuman origins, 340 ff.\nHume, 384\nHuxley, services of, to hierology, xxvi; on Hebrew development, 65 n.; on Hebrew monotheism, 76, 77 n.; on the Bible, 77 n.; on agnosticism, 233; on witch of Endor, 233; Crawley on, 402\nHyde, cited, 265 n.\nIbsen, 197\nIbus, the, sacrifice among, 136 n.\nIdolatry, resistance to, 70, 82, 85, 298\nIdols, Mexican, 353\nIfa, 217\nIhering, von, 53-4\nIhne, 45\nImmortality, idea of, 47 ff.; acquired by Gods, 51; doctrine of, in Mithraism, 311, 314; Gnostic, 222; baneful effect of, 385\nImperialism, ancient, 79, 324-5, 328; and human sacrifice, 361\nIncas, 366, 376 ff.; rationalism among, 383\nIndia, sacred animals in, 184\nIndian religion, 44, 47 n., 51, 72, 218-9 (see also Buddhism); human sacrifices, 122, 212; use of cross, 157 n. Indra, evolution of, 95\nIndulgences, 380\nInitiation, rites of, 308; grades of, 309 Inquisition, in Mexico, 381, 402\nIphicrates, 61\nIrrational, meaning of word, 4 ff.\nIsaac, 51 n., 64, 65, 124, 153, 162\nIsaacs, Hyam, 168\nIsaiah, and suffering Messiah, 166-7; and the mystic rock, 316-7\nIshmael, 162\nIsis, 16; as magic-worker, 21 n.; cows sacred to, 159 n.; and Nephthys, 195; in Plutarch, 299; mysteries of, 204 n., 308 n., 321 n.; as teacher, 215\nIsrael (Kronos), 161, 162 n., 186\nIssedones, 128\nIxion, 318 n.\nJacobi, cited and discussed, 250, 251 ff.\nJainism, 243\nJairus\u2019 daughter, story of, 277\nJakri, the, 110\nJamblichus, cited, 16\nJames \"brother of the Lord,\" xviii, xix, 399 ff.\nJansen, 57\nJansenism, 196 n.\nJanus, Jevons on, 45; evolution of, 46; as teacher, 214; and Mithra, 325; and Peter, 332-3, 406\nJapan, ancestor-worship in, 43; human sacrifices in, 61, 138, 183\nJastrow, cited, 76 n.\nJensen, 437\nJerome, on Gospel According to Hebrews, 192 n.; on Archelaus, 264; on Mithraic initiation, 308-9, 416; on Bethlehem cave, 321\nJerusalem, siege of, 191\nJesus (= Joshua), cult of, 57, 90 ff., 95; crucifixion legend of, 118 ff., 144 ff., 192; the Apocalyptic, 142, 164, 205 n., 208; a pre-Christian God, 162 ff., 398; a demi-god in the \"Teaching of the Twelve Apostles,\" 164, 188; unhistorical, xvii ff., 228 ff., 396 ff.; as Fish, 207, 302; in Pauline epistles, 237, 400; in Manich\u00e6ism, 273; as Rock, 317; litany of name of, 332, 423-4; pagan attributes of, 332\n\u2014 high-priest of the Return, 86 n., 91, 166\n\u2014 son of Ananus, 193\n\u2014 the Talmudic, 91, 194, 205, 237, 397, 405\nJevons, F. B., discussed, xxvi, 4 ff., 20 ff., 52, 59, 62, 65 n., 67 n., 70, 74 n., 94, 384; on earliest Gods, 1, 22, 23, 41; on taboos, 4-7, 25, 384; on rise of idea of duty, 6, 55; on superstition, 8; on magic and religion, 9-11, 14, 20, 22, 46; definitions of religion by, 20 ff., 24, 34, 60 n.; on the sacramental meal, 22, 59; on Egyptian religion, 23; on Supreme Gods, 24; on Pantheism, 24; on animism, 24; on belief, 25; on mythology, 26; on religious evolution, 27, 59-65 n.; on the Eleusinian mysteries, 28; on totemism, 27, 44, 99 n., 100 n., 102 n.; on ancestor worship, 41, 44, 52; on human sacrifices, 154 n., 209 n.; on sacred stones, 317 n.; on king-priests, 374; on Mexican priests, 375 n.; on Roman religion, 45; on religious reformers, 62; on Monotheism, 65 n., 69 n.\nJews, contemporary, rites of, 152. See Hebrews\nJohnston, Sir H., on negro religion, 40, 170-1\nJolley, A. J., cited, 201\nJonah, book of, 85\nJosephus, on siege of Jerusalem, 120 n.; on Jewish human sacrifice, 173; on temple miracle, 191; on Herod's theatres, 204\nJoshua (= Jesus) the high-priest, 86 n., 91, 166; myths of, 64, 72, 163, 396, 428; sacrifices to, 64 n.; the hero, 91; sacrificial acts of, 150, 181; an Evemerised deity, 163 ff.\nJosiah, 82\nJovian, 328\nJudas, 121-2, 197, 198, 199, 398, 401\nJulius C\u00e6sar, sacrifices by and to, 129; cited, 137\nJuno, 359\nJupiter, human sacrifices to, 128, 129\nJusti, cited, 291 n.\nJustin Martyr, on the paschal lamb, 157 n.; on Mithraic eucharist, 307, 421; on Mithraic rock, 316\nKa, the Egyptian, 44\nKafirs of Hindu-Kush, sacrifices by, 184\nKalmucks, the, 134 n.\nKalthoff, A., xiv\nKanerki, 316 n.\nKant, 56\nKapparoth, the, 168 ff.\nKaraboodi, 111\nKarhada Brahmans, human sacrifice by, 119\nKarma, 248\nKasyapa, 244\nKeane, A. H., 346 n.\nKepler, 93 n.\nKern, 261\nKeys, the divine, 206, 292, 298, 330 n., 333\nKhonds, ancestral Gods of, 47 n., 108; human sacrifices of, 64 n., 72, 108 ff., 118, 130, 183 n.; and images, 71 n., 108, 109 n.; ethics of, 72; religion of, 108-9; of Maliahs, 109, 110 n., 111 n., 113; myths, 111; ritual, 111 ff., 182, 193, 307 n.; liberty of victim among, 185; Teaching-Gods of, 215; mnemonics of, 345; priests of, 366\nKhonsu, evolution of, 95; and Amun, 131, 320 n.; attributes of, 206\nKhorda Avesta, 285\nKhosrus, religion of, 319 n. See Chosroes\nKidd, 402\nKin eating, 136\nKing, C. W., cited, 282, 332 n.\nKings as Gods, 47 n.; sacrifices of, 137, 145, 148 ff., 161, 181, 182, 186; and priests, 288 n., 353; and progress, 35-6, 75, 361; abolition of human sacrifice by, 60 ff., 361\nKingsborough, Lord, 349 n.\nKingsley, Miss, 41\nKinvad bridge, 311\nKista, 315\nKitimba, 155\nKoeppen, 242 n.\nKollmann, P., cited, 30\nKoreamoku, 215\nKrishna, evolution of, 95; and Buddha, 239, 252, 262; cult of, 284; and Jainism, 252\nKronos, human sacrifices to, 126, 137, 161, 162 n., 186; cult of, as Zervan, in Mithraism, 283, 291, 417 Kuenen, cited, 67 n., 68 n., 260 Kulischer, xxiv\nLactantius, 278; cited and discussed, 121 n., 129, 279\nLaing, S., 402\nLajard, services of, to hierology, xxii; on Riccio, 283; on Mithraic origins, 300 n.; on Mithraic degrees, 309, 417; on Mithraic monuments, 325 n.\nLake of fire, the, 205\nLamb, the divine, 142, 208; the God, in the Apocalypse, 142, 164, 205 n., 320; substituted for children in sacrifice, 153, 213 n.; sacrificed by Christians, 143, 207, 318, 320; as crucified, 157 n.\nLampridius, 313\nLang, A., cited: on taboo, 4; on Dr. Frazer's definition of religion, 12 n.; on ancestor-worship and name-taboo, 48, 49; on Zulu religion, 50 n.; on Supreme Gods, 71, 384, 386; on Dr. Frazer's theory, 146, 148 n., 149; on the paschal massacre, 152 n.; on scourging of victims, 188; on the Golden Bough, 191 n.; on sacrifices, 209 n.; on savage survivals, 384; on Australian religion, 12; on primitive idea of immortality, 47; on totemism, 100 n., 102 n.\nLanguage, evolution of, 346\nLao-Tsze, 219 and note\nLardner, cited, 278\nLares Praestites, the, 46\nLas Casas, 381\nLaw, early, and religion, 55 ff.\nLeibnitz, 283\nLenormant, cited, 296 n.\nLent, 306\nLeonard, Major, 133 n., 134 n.\nLetourneau, cited, 209 n.\nLetronne, 300 n.\nLeucadia, sacrifice at, 139\nLibra, 323\nLillie, cited and discussed, 254 n.\nLimb-breaking, in sacrifice, 113, 119, 153, 155, 156\nLion-headed God, 283, 291, 298\nLiteratures, ancient, 78\nLivy, cited, 129 n.\nLogoi, 226\nLogos, doctrine of, in Jewry, 86, 90, 163-4, 178, 218, 222, 226; in the Apocalypse, 205 n.; in Egypt, 217; in Mazdeism, 218, 289; in Mithraism, 292, 296, 314 ff., 409; evolution of, 218 ff.; in Brahmanism, 218-9; in China, 219; in Plato, 220; in Babylonia, 220 ff.; in Philo, 220, 223-8; in Mexico, 375 n.; in Clem. Alex., 174 n.; in Greece, 217, 218 n.\nLord's Day, 175, 180, 305, 429\nLubbock, Sir J., 102 n.\nLucian, 73\nLunus, 177\nLuther, as cult-founder, 57\nLyall, Sir A. C., on magic and religion, 11; on origins of Gods, 231 ff. Lycaon, 123\nLycurgus, 238\nLydus, Johannes, 305 n.\nMabon, 215\nMaccabees, the, 89\nMacdonald, Rev. D., 43 and note, 102 n.\nMacpherson, 108\nMacrobius, 419\nMadagascar, taboo in, 50 n.\nMagi, the, 322-3 n.\nMagic, origin of, 10, 15, 23, 28; and religion, 7, 9 ff., 28 ff., 99; in Brahmanism, 13; in Egypt, 13; in Chaldea, 14; primitive, 13 ff., 21; among Jews, 16, 21 n., 30; \"sympathetic\" and \"art,\" 16, 28, 29, 182; and progress, 35 ff.; and art, 35 n.; private and public, 29\nMahaffy, cited and discussed, 127\nMaimonides, 179\nMaistre, Joseph de, cited, 381\nMaitreya, 257\nMalabar, human sacrifice in, 138\nMalachi, 87\nMalagasy, taboo of names by, 50 n.\nMalayan human sacrifices, 122; animal sacrifices, 170-1\nMalcolm, cited, 119\nMaleus, 161\nMamili, 117\nManah, 177 n.\nManco Capac and Mama Ocello, 215, 342\nManes, the, 46\nMangaia, 152 n.\nManich\u00e6ism, 96, 273; and Mithraism 334\nManich\u00e6us, legend and problem of 264 ff.; flaying and crucifixion of 266; name of, 268; story of, and cave, 269; mystery-drama of, 272 writings of, 273\nManna, 177 n.\nManu, Queen, 61\nManyema, the, 155\nMaoris, magic and religion among, 13 14; and images, 71 n.; cannibalism of, 104 n., 365; human sacrifices by 122, 161 n., 209 n.; and colour red 271 n.\nMarch, 359\nMarcion, 274\nMarduk. See Merodach\nMargoliouth, Dr., discussed, 396\nMariner, cited, 116 n., 365 n.\nMark, gospel of, 229 n.\nMarkham, C., discussed, 378 n.\nMark on the forehead, the mystic, 309.\nMars, human sacrifices to, 129; symbol of, 319, 357; names of, 357; and Mithra, 325; origin and evolution of, 358-9; the star, worship of and sacrifices to, 271\nMarti, 84 n.\nMartindale, Fr., criticised, 413 ff.\nMarucchi, 335 n.\n\u2014 Magdalene, 185\nMasai, the, 36 n.; taboo of names among, 50\nMashya and Mashyana, 294 n.\nMaspero, cited, 13\nMass, the, origin of name, 425\nMassey, G., cited, 297 n.\nMassilia, human sacrifice at, 139 n.\nMatarisvan, 221 n.\nMaui, 43\nMaury, 136 n.\nMazdeism, origins of, 288 ff., 291; prayer in, 305 n.; and Judaism, 83, 85-6, 166, 218 ff., 320, 422-3\nMead, G. R. S., 204 n.\nMediatorial Gods, 206, 222, 294 and note, 314, 412\nMedicine, from the Gods, 215\nMeir, Rabbi, 165 n.\nMeis, 266\nMelchizedek, 175-6\nMelkarth, human sacrifice to, 126; and Athamas, 302 n.\nMenahems, 268\nMenelaus, 123\nMenu, 238\nMeredith, G., quoted, 229\nMeriah, 110 ff.\nMerodach, and Ea, 95, 216; in creation myth, 130; and book of Esther, 145; as mediator, 206, 222 n.; as Logos, 216; as Saviour, 222 n.; festival of, 292; and Nabu, 292\nMesi, King, 62 n.\nMesopotamian culture, 69, 74, 75, 78-80\nMessenger, sacrificed, 105 ff., 190; of the Gods, 216, 217, 269, 270, 344\nMessiah, rise of doctrine of, 79, 89, 166, 180; as priest, 158, 175, 179; in Book of Enoch, 89, 167; the two Messiahs, 167, 268-9; the suffering Messiah, 120, 166-7, 269 n.; Mexican, 370 ff.\nMetatron, the, 163, 220 n., 314-5\nMethana, sacrifices at, 171\nMexico, religion of ancient, 355 ff.; human sacrifices in, 132, 151, 271, 360 ff.; ethics of ancient, 366 ff.; eucharist in, 144; Teaching-Gods of, 216; language of, 382 n.; modern civilisation of, 382\nMexitli, 358\nMeyer, E., cited, 51 n., 217 n.\nMichelet, cited, 379 n.\nMihrgan, 323\nMihrvard, 322 n.\nMilinda, King, 249\nMills, L. H., cited and discussed, 286 ff., 295 n.\nMinayeff, 260\nMinos, 217\nMinucius Felix, 129\nMiriam, 165-6\nMirror as symbol, 344\nMissa, 332 n.\nMithra, symbols of, 142, 298 ff., 309; sacrament of, 143, 174-5, 207, 307, 318, 332 n.; two-formed, 180, 296; three-formed, 296; resurrection of, 195, 306, 317; cult of, 181, 205. 208, 281 ff., 303 ff., 310 ff.; attributes of, 206, 288 ff.; sacrifice of, 299, 300, 303, 320; festivals of, 293 n.; mysteries of, 195, 302, 305, 306 ff., 314, 317 ff., 415 ff.; as tree-God, 319; and Lunus, 177; titles of, 429-30; evolution of, 95, 288 ff.; human sacrifice\nto, 126, 292, 312-3; names containing name of, 291 n.; a Pagan Christ, 294; name of month, 323; descent of, into Hades, 323\nMithradates, 325\nMithraism, 281 ff.; vogue of, 281, 324, 413; monumental remains of, 282 ff.; derivation of, 283 ff.; absorption of, in Christianity, 310 ff., 327 ff., 424; organisation of, 330; didactic side of, 310 ff.; ethics of, 288-9, 311, 326; Tisdall on, 408 ff.; Martindale on, 413 ff.\nMoabites, human sacrifice among, 161\nMockler-Ferryman, 134 n.\nMohammed, 64, 65, 238-9. See Islam\nMokoiro, 43\nMonarchy and monotheism, 69, 76, 86\nMonkey sacrificed, 117\nMonotheism, evolution of, 66 ff., 76, 82 ff., 84 n., 87\nMoon-worship, 159, 170-1, 177. See M\u00ean\nMordecai, 145\nMoses, 57; and Mithra, 16; as God, 17; myth of, 67, 80, 175, 190, 217, 238, 239, 273 n., 316-7; in Philo, 226-7\nMother-Goddess, Babylonian, 220; in Christianity, 228, 333; in Paganism, 321-2, 333; Mexican, 364\nMounds, the Mississippi, 343, 354\nMount, the heavenly, 287 n.\nMourning, ritual, 306\nMoymis, 220\nMuggleton, 58\nMuir, 218-9\nM\u00fcller, J. G., cited and discussed, on monotheism and polytheism, 69 n.; on theophagy, 144; on Asia and America, 347; on feather symbol, 359 n.; on humanity in religion, 366 n.\n\u2014 K. O., on Dionysus, 97 n.; on Apollo, 307\n\u2014 Max, his teaching, 71 n.; on the Logos doctrine, 218; on Brahmanism and Buddhism, 253 n.; on Mitra, 293 n.\nMundus, 304\nMurray, Gilbert, quoted, 97\nMus\u00e6us, 238\nMylitta, 295-6\nMystery-drama, the Eleusinian, 28, 195; the Christian, xi, xxi, xxv, 187, 188, 193, 194-204, 212, 396 ff., 436; first Christian production of, 204; the Rhodian, 187; in the pagan cults, 181, 194, 205, 308-14; survivals of, 391 ff.; the Manich\u00e6an, 272\nMythology, significance of, xxii; arbitrary treatment of, 41; definitions of, 26\nMyths, origin of, 52; and history, 231 ff.\nNagasena, 249\nNairy\u00f4-sangha, 312\nNames, magical virtue of, 21 n., 49, 163, 220; origin of, 100 ff.\nNarcotics in human sacrifice, 113, 114, 116, 119, 138, 140 n., 153, 155, 390\nNarrinyeri, taboo of names among, 49; ngaitye of, 103; Teaching-Gods of, 214\nNatchez, religion of, 353\nNature, idea of law in, 16\nNazarite, Jesus as, 186\nNdengei, 365 n.\nNeander, 267\nNebo. See Nabu\nNehemiah, book of, Persian influence on, 83, 86\nNergal, 172 n.\nNero, 129 n.\nNeumann, cited, 322 n.\nNew Hebrides, religion in, 43\n\u2014 F. W., 65 n.\nNew-Year days, 146, 160-1, 292\nNietzsche, 403\nNigeria, human sacrifices in, 132, 135; cross in, 154; animal sacrifices in, 170; cattle sacred in, 184; Teaching-Gods of, 217; trinity in, 223; creation in, 221\nNile, sacrifice to, 135\nNine, sacrifice of, 107 and note\nNinlil, 297\nNonnus, 416\nNous, 315\nNubia, cannibalism in, 133\nNumina and Gods, 45\nNurundere, 214\nNuruz, 319 n.\nObubura sacrifices, 151\nOccult, idea of, 15\nOceanic peoples, Asiatic origin of, 153\nOdd\u0113s, the, 125 n.\nOdin, cult of, 151; as teacher, 215\nOdyssey, the, 81 n.\nOki, 351\nOldenberg, cited, 13; on Buddhism, 245, 247, 255, 259\nOlympic Gods, 86\nOmar Khayyam, cited, 309 n.\nOnly-begotten, sacrifice of, 137, 162, 187, 351; name of the Logos, 218, 222; saviours, 167\nOnophrius, 190 n.\nOrigen, 21 n., 92, 162, 302, 328\nOrmuzd, 283. See Ahura Mazda\nOrpheus, descent of, to Hades, 191 n., 307; as teacher, 217; and the bough, 191 n.; a day God, 307; and history, 238\nOrphicism, egg in, 208; Attis in, 322\nOsiris, 16, 53; resurrection of, 92 n., 144, 189, 306, 318; cult of, 99, 181, 306; as child, 131 and note; evolution of, 53, 95; mysteries of, 194-5, 196, 205, 217, 306, 319, 433; names of, 190 n.; attributes of, 206, 330; as Teaching-God, 214; in Plutarch, 299\nOstiaks, sacrifice by, 115 n.\nOuranos, 217\nPad\u00e6ans, 128\nPalanque, ruins of, 348\nPallas, 313 n.\nPantheism, 24; rise of, 76, 84, 87\nPapa = Pope, 335\nPapuan religion, 14 n.; cannibalism, 134 n.\nParnapishtim, 51\nParsees, the, 89\nPartridge, C., 150-1\nPassion plays, 391 ff.\nPassover, date of, 145-6; and crucifixion, 149; rite of, 152, 157, 163, 213 n.\nPater Patrum, 336 ff.\nPatroclus, 107 n.\nPaul, as cult-founder, 57; and Jesus, xiii, xviii, 121, 234-5, 236, 237, 397 ff.; on the crucifixion, 196; and his converts, 314\nPeacock, symbol, 109\nPelopidas, 127 n.\nPenitentes, 391 ff.\nPersephon\u00ea, 167 n., 191 n., 195, 306 n.\nPersian religion, influence of on Jewish, 83, 84, 85-6, 315 n.; human sacrifices, 123\nPeru, ancient religion of, 215-6, 272, 376 ff.; civilisation of, 347, 380; drama in, 193, 377\nPeter, and cock, 199, 333; treason of, 199, 202; and rock, 202, 317, 330; and Proteus, 332-3; and Janus, 332-3; chair of, 334 ff.\nPetronius, cited, 1\nPfleiderer, xiii, 435 n.\nPhilo, Logos doctrine of, 220, 223-8; relation of, to Hebrew sacred books, 227 n.; his conception of sacrifice, 177-8, 227 and note\nPhilostratus, 275 ff.\nPh\u0153nician human sacrifices, 61, 64, 124, 126\nPhrixos, 302\nPhrygia, religion in, 274, 318\nPidyen haben, 152\nPig, sacred, sacrifice of, 154\n\u2014 \"Acts of,\" 202\nPlato, Logos of, 220, 222; birth story of, 239, 277\nPlunkett, Miss, 285 n., 300 n.\nPlutarch, cited, 125 n.; his Isis and Osiris, 299; on Mithra, 412\nPolynesia, intoxicants in, 116; mystic rock in, 316; human sacrifice in, 122, 154, 209 n.; symbolic use of boughs in, 191 n.; pyramid-temples in, 343 n.\nPolytheism, 66 ff.; ethics of, 69, 70, 71 ff., 77 ff.\nPompey, 325\nPomponius Mela, cited, 128\nPorphyry, and Abammon, 16; on human sacrifices, 129, 137; on the Rhodian sacrifice, 137, 187; on Mithra, 299 n., 319, 320, 337, 430; on sacred caves, 304; on Mithraic initiation, 308-9\nPoseidon, 330\nPrajapati, 219\nPrah, 117 n.\nPratt, A. E., cited, 14 n., 134 n.\nPrayer, logic of, 19, 21, 32; psychology of, 35\nPreller, 180 n.\nPriests, as taboo-makers, 6; and religion, 6, 13, 17; inspired by the God, 216; and Kings, 62, 288 n., 374; as promoters of human sacrifice, 361, 364-5, 366, 374 ff.; hostility of to magic, 30; reduction of status of Gods by, 51; and reform of religion, 60, 62; psychology of, 367\nPrivileges of victims, among Codooloos, 114; among Khonds, 111, 116; at Bombay, 119; among Albanians, 125; at Rhodes, 137; in Polynesia, 154; in America, 354, 363; at Bonny, 183; among Native Americans, 183; among Hindus, 183-4\nPrometheus, crucifixion of, 167\nProphets, sincerity of, 62-3\nProtestantism and the backward races, 382\nPsychology of religion, 34-5, 39\nPunjab, religion in ancient, 253 ff.\nPurgatory, doctrine of, 333\nPurity of sacrificial victims, 135, 151, 153, 161, 352\nPushan, 284 n.\nPyramid-temples, Assyrian, 182 n.; vogue of, 273, 292; Asiatic and American, 343, 354; Polynesian, 343; Mexican, 362, 366\nQuetzalcoatl, 216 n., 360, 368 n., 370 ff.\nQuipus, 345\nQuma, 342 n.\nRa, 216\nRain, God of, women sacrificed to, 135, 151; Hebrew sacrifices to, 150; in Mexico, 356, 368 n.\nRam, sacrificed, 117, 131, 319, 320; the mystic, 298 n., 301-2, 319, 320\nRama, 259\nRangi, 43\nRansom in sacrifice, 170\nRasmussen, cited, 14 n.\nRawlinson, cited and discussed, 290, 298 n.\nReason and religion, 39\nReclus, Elie, cited and discussed, 111 n., 114, 115\nRed, colour, in human sacrifice, 112, 114, 119, 158, 270-1, 272, 344\nRedemption, Jewish rites of, 152\nNative Americans, religion of, 15, 343; cannibalism among, 133; taboo of names among, 49 n.; crucifixion among, 151 n.; sacrifices of, 106, 122, 124, 133, 151, 152 n., 183\nReinach, S., on religion, 58 n.; on totemism, 99 n., 100 n.\nReligion, meaning of, 7, 8, 11, 12, 28, 32; definition of, 57-8; and taboo, 6, 7, 25, 33-4; and philosophy, 32 ff., 39, 56; and magic, 9 ff., 12 ff., 28 ff.; and totems, 19, 44; and law, 54-6; scientific view of, 20, 28 ff., 52, 56, 57-8, 385; evolution of, 66, 94 ff.; and reform, 60 ff.; fixation in, 66; retrogression in, 41 n., 140; and ethics, 367-8; Constant on, 58 n., 384; Reinach on, 58 n.; R\u00e9ville on, 58 n.; Crawley on, 402 ff.\nRenaissance, culture of, 39\nRenan, 66; on the Jews, 94; on the Greeks, 94; on night in the East, 198; on Mithraism, 330 n.; on B\u00e2bism, xvii\nRenouf, Le Page, cited, 77 n., 87 n.\nResurrection, idea of, 144, 189; of the saints, 192, 200. See Immortality, and Osiris, Mithra, Dionysos, Herakles, etc.\nR\u00e9ville, A., on religion, 58 n.; on burying alive, 379 n.; on polytheism, 71 n.; on Apollonius of Tyana, 276, 277 n.; on Judaic science, 93 n.; on American civilisations, 342; on Jansenism, 196 n.; on cross-symbol, 368 n.; on Christianity and Mythology, 435\n\u2014 J., 277 n.\nRhodes, human sacrifices at, 65 n., 137, 186, 187\nRiccio, 283\nRitter, 267\nRix, Herbert, xvi\nRobe, the Buddhist, 242 n., 344; the seamless, 330; of righteousness, 364\nRock, of Israel, 175, 316, 317; in Jesuism, 202, 316, 330, 331, 335; in Mithraism, 305, 316 ff., 410; in other cults, 316\nRoman symbolism, 139; human sacrifice, 128-9, 135 n.; religion, 2 n., 32, 45 ff., 51 n., 53, 68; law, 53 n.; imperialism, 80; civilisation, 39; taboo of God names, 49\nRomulus, 238\nRongo, 43\nRoscher, xxii\nRoskoff, cited, 57 n.\nRossi, 283\n\u2014 de, 336\nRussia, human sacrifice in, 122\nRuth, book of, 85\nSabbath, institution of, 82, 175\nSacraments, nature of, 28; and totemism, 99; cannibal, 22, 65, 124, 128, 141 ff.; Polynesian, 154; of Native Americans, 156; Hebrew, 168 ff.; Dionysiak, 195; Mithraic, 142-3, 174, 207; Pagan, 207 n.; Christian, 143, 207; total genealogy of, 211; American, 351, 352; Mexican, 364 ff., 373; Peruvian, 378-9; Scythian, 128\nSacrifices, ethic of, 32; Hebrew, 106, 168 ff.\n\u2014 human, disused in prosperity, 64; revived in disaster, 65, 140; forms of, 105 ff.; in Greece, 60-1, 123, 129, 135, 139; in Egypt, 61, 123, 129, 135; Ph\u0153nician, 61, 64, 124, 126, 129; Polynesian, 61, 122, 150 n., 151, 154, 156, 189; Japanese, 61. 127, 183; in Dahomey, 61, 136, 270; Chinese, 61, 366; Hebrew, 64, 65, 107 n., 124, 149-50, 158 ff., 168 ff., 186, 189; Athenian, 106, 127; in Uganda, 107, 125 n., 155; at Benin, 107-8, 135, 138 n., 151, 154; in Sumatra, 116, 126; in Nigeria, 132, 134, 136 n., 150; to the Rain God, 135; to the Nile, 135; in Malabar, 138; in Brazil, 350-1; American, 106, 122, 183, 350 ff.; Mexican, 119, 151, 271, 360 ff.; Peruvian, 366, 378; Khond, 108 ff.; universal, 122 ff.; Albanian, 125; to Zeus, 123, 125; to Jupiter, 128, 129; ancient Mesopotamian, 128; Persian, 123; Roman, 128-9; Arab, 126, 129; Rhodian, 137; analogous to executions, 135; evolution of theory and practice of, 138 ff., 156, 186 ff., 209-13, 361; Teutonic, 151; to Dionysos, 123; to Kronos, 126, 137; to Melkarth, 126; to Mithra, 126, 312; Scythian, 127-8, 269, 270; to the sea, 129 n., 183; in Bombay, 119; African, 122, 132-3, 151; Malay, 122; Indian, 122, 127; Russian, 122; Maori, 122, 365; Aryan, 122; Slavonic, 123; in modern Greece, 125; by Catalinarian conspirators, 125; in Gaul, 137\nSagan, the, 159\nSahagun, 381\nSalamis, human sacrifices at, 125, 127\nSalih, 270 n.\nSallust, cited, 125 n.\nSamaritan religion, 85, 86, 92, 163, 213 n.\nSamoans, taboo of names by, 50 n.; human sacrifices by, 61, 150 n.; religion of, 103, 386\nSamson, an Evemerised god, 81, 292; a deliverer, 167; only begotten, 167; as Nazarite, 186; Sun-God, 186, 307; and Mithra, 292; death of, 307; labours of, 308\nSancu, 379\nSandeman, 57\nSandwich Islands, human sacrifice in, 156\nSaoshyant, and Jewish Messianism, 166; characteristics of, 206, 322; and Mithra, 322, 420; Tisdall on, 411\nSaracen culture, 39\nSargon, 317\nSarpanitum, 221\nSatapatha Br\u0101hmana, 117\nSaturn, sacrifices to, 126; as Teaching-God, 214. See Kronos\nSaturnalia, 186\nSaul, 233; sons of, sacrificed, 149, 161, 181, 189\nSaussaye, C. de la, 45\nSavages, progress among, 35 ff.; forward races and, 381 ff.; psychology of, 42\nSaviour-Gods, 99 ff., 206, 222\nSayce, cited, 14, 220; discussed, 74 n., 411\nScalping, 344\nScapegoat, 184; sacrifice of, 105 ff., 138, 158-9, 189\nSchmiedel, xi, 229 ff.; his nine trustworthy texts, xix, 230 ff.\nSch\u00fcrer, cited, 92 n., 160 n., 174 Schwab, cited, 159 n.\nSchweitzer, Dr. A., xiv, 435 n.\nScourging, sacrificial, 188-9\nScythians, cannibalism among, 127; human sacrifices by, 127-8, 269, 270\nSeel, H., 414\nSeeman, B., 343 n.\n\"Self-made\" Gods, 175\nSemites, ethics of, 53 n.; sacrifices of, 64, 65, 124, 135; modern, 152, 157; sun-and-moon-worship of, 171. See also Hebrew and Ph\u0153nician\nSenart, cited and discussed, 252 n.; 258 ff.\nSepher Toledoth Jeschu, the, 220, 406\nSerapis, 95\nSeven, sacred number, 164, 181, 205 n. 309 n., 317\nSex, ethic of, 77-8\nSexes, union of in deity, 293, 296-8, 418\nSexual liberty of sacrificial victim, among Khonds, 111, 185; among Codooloos, 114; among Native Americans, 183; in Mexico, 363\nShakespeare, 197\nShamai, 179\nSheep, sacrifice of, 131, 272, 379; sacred, 184\nShekinah, 86\nShema, 49\nShew-bread, 178-9\nShintoism, 344\nSidonius Apollinaris, cited, 278\nSilenus, 215\nSimon of Cyrene, 199\n\u2014 Magus, 252\nSin, theory of, 404\nSin-offerings, 189\nSioux, human sacrifice by, 351\nSi\u00fcn, 61 n.\nSkeat, W. W., 171 n.\nSkins, sacrosanct, in Mexico, 137, 271, 344, 364, 368, 373; in Scythia, 190, 270\nSmith, Prof. Robertson, cited and discussed, on origin of Gods 1 n.; on origins of religion, 52; on Mohammed, 65 n.; on Jewish monotheism, 69; on animal sacrifice, 131: on Arab sacrifices, 132 n., 134 n.; on executions and sacrifice, 150 n.; on Jewish mystery revivals, 173; as editor, 281, 431; on Mexican sacrifices, 363 n.; on sacred skins, 364; on decay of cannibalism, 365 n.\n\u2014 Adam, cited, 15\n\u2014 Prof. W. B., xi, 398\nSokrates (Ecclesiastical Historian), on Mithraic sacrifices, 126, 313; on Manich\u00e6us, 264\nSolomon, 85\nSoma, the, gives Gods immortality, 51; feast of, 175; origin of, 53; in Persia, 285; deification of, 100, 318\nSon of God, notion of, 95 ff., 322; sacrifice of, 161-2\nSophia, doctrine of, in Judaism, 90, 92, 221, 222; evolution of, 219, 221, 222; in Philo, 223, 227; in Christianity, 228; in Gnosticism, 315\nSophocles, 195\nSpartans, sacrifices of, 135 n.\nSpencer, H., 71 n.; cited, 40, 50 n.; on origin of Gods, 42; services of, xxiii, xxvi; on origin of totem, 100-1; on funeral sacrifices, 209; on tree of knowledge, 318 n.; on evolution of altars, 317 n.\nSpiegel, cited, 269, 274 n., 409\nSpitta, F., xii, xiii\nSraosha, 296 n., 314, 315, 322, 410\nStable, the sacred, 322-3 n.\nSteinthal, cited, 17 n.\nStevenson, W. B., cited, 342 n.\nStrabo, on Leucadian sacrifice, 124; on Albanian sacrifice, 125; on Sac\u00e6a, 148 n.; on Omanus, 296\nStrack, H. L., 160 n.\nSubstitution in sacrifice, among Greeks, 60, 131; in Japan, 61; by kings, 60, 61; among Koyis, 117; among Brahmans, 117; in India, 118 n.; in Polynesia, 118 n., 154; among Arabs, 131; in Egypt, 131; reason of, 134; among Malays, 171 n.; in Fiji, 365 n.; in Mexico, 369\nSuetonius, cited, xiv, 129, 406\nSuidas, quoted, 314\nSun-Gods, 293-4, 299 ff., 305; titles of, 175; symbols of, 190; births of, 321; Hebrew sacrifices to, 150; sacrifice of horse to, 184; and Goat-Gods, 302\nSun-worship, 172, 350, 356, 363, 376-7\nSupernatural, meaning of word, 1, 20; idea of, 9, 20\nSuperstition, meaning of, 8-9; Hebrew, 86-7, 93; in times of crisis, 140 ff.\nSupper, Holy, 143, 174, 176, 196. See Eucharists\nSurvival, laws of, in religion, 27, 280, 328\nSwastika, the, 309\nSword = cross, 319\nSymbolism, in sacrifice, 139, 144; in Mithraism, 298 ff.; in Plutarch, 299; in ancient religions, 328\nSynagogues of dispersion, 168\nSyncretism in religion, 294 n.\nTaaroa, 316\nTaboo, origin of, 5-6; effects of, 7; and religion, 6, 7, 49, 55, 57, 404; and social obligation, 6, 55; of names, 49 ff.; among Hebrews, 49; force of, 100\nTacitus, on the Christians, 406\nTahiti, sacrificial usages at, 151, 152 n., 365; cannibalism in, 133\nTalmud, 78 n., 119 n., 158, 268, 428\nTammuz, resurrection of, 145, 189; name of, 162, 301; cult of, 162, 185, 321\nTangaloa, 216\nTannese, the, 109 n.\nTao or Tau, 219\nTarsus, religions of, 195, 316 n.\nTaurobolium, the, 208, 303, 335\nTauth\u00ea, 220\nTaylor, Rev. R., on Maori magic, 1314; on Godhood of chiefs, 41; on Maori images, 71 n.\nTeaching-God, notion of, 56; primary, 214-8; Mexican, 370\nTeaching of the Twelve Apostles, 164, 188\nTears, in Jewish ritual, 159; sacrificial value of, 115, 189\nTell, William, 239\nTemple, Jewish legends of, 191-2\nTemptation-myth, modern criticism of, xii, xiii\nTeraphim, 353\nTerebinthus, 264\nTertullian, cited, on child sacrifice, 126; on sacred blood, 129; on willingness of victim, 121 n.; on Mithraism, 308; on cult of Herakles, 337; on mysteries of Osiris, 306\nTezcatlipoca, as son and lover, 322 n.; symbol of, 344; attributes of, 358, 363, 375; festival of, 363; and Quetzalcoatl, myth of, 370\nTezcucans, civilisation of, 348 n., 366\nThadda Pennu, 109\nThargelia, 106, 127, 139, 148, 188\nThartaboodi, 111\nTheism, 12, 19, 33; and kingship, 55\nThemistocles, 127\nTheodosius, 95 n.\nThomas, St., 349 n.\nThomson, B., 134 n.\nThoth, and magic, 21 n.; and seven, 205 n.; as teacher, 214, 216; moon-god, 217, 221; influence of, on Judaism, 221\nThrace, human sacrifice in, 129\nThree, sacrifice of, 115, 181 ff.\nThunder-God, sacrifices to, 141\nTibet, 136\nTiele, on Hebrew religion, 76 n.; on Hermes, 217 n.; on magic of names, 220; on Anaitis, 296 n.\nTisdall, Dr., criticised, 408 ff.\nTlascalans, civilisation of, 345, 368\nToleration, ancient, 75\nToltecs, 348, 361; religion of, 370 ff.\nTonga Islands, human sacrifice in, 61, 151; enemies eaten in, 133; child sacrifice in, 154 n., 365; religion in, 216\nTorquemada, cited, 355 n.\nTorture in human sacrifice, 115, 119, 133\nTotem, deification of, 44, 100; eating of, 99, 104\nTotemism, 19, 27, 44, 99; and civilisation, 37 n.; origin of, 100 ff.; sacrifices relating to, 110 n., 210\nTransfiguration, the, 203, 204\nTree, the sacred, 118, 318, 319; Mithra in, 319. See Cross\nTrinity, doctrine of, 87, 295; in Egypt, 206, 295; in China, 219; in Judaism, 228; in Mazdeism, 309 n., 315; in Akkad, 297; in Babylonia, 206, 297; in Hinduism, 295; in Nigeria, 220; in Christianity, 228\nTrumbull, cited, 213\nTu, 215\nTupinambos, human sacrifice by, 350-1\nTurner, quoted, 103\nTwelve, eucharist of, 175, 179; apostles, 164, 180, 399; labours, 308, 335, 336; tables, 238; sacrifice of, 107 n.\nTwo-sexed deities, 297 n., 322\nTylor, cited, 342-3, 372 n., 382\nTyre, human sacrifice in, 126\nUganda, limb-breaking in, 155; cannibalism in, 136; human sacrifice in, 107, 125 n.\nUi, 61\nUnas, King, 47 n.\nUnitarianism and Christian origins, 431\nUpavasatha, the, 175\nUranus, myth of, 53 n.\nUsher, 268\nUsury among Hebrews, 87\nVacca, 283\nVaggians, tribe of, 245\nValverde, 381\nVan Manen, xviii, 237 n., 259 n., 398, 400\nVarro, 134 n.\nVasishtha, 251\nVatea, 43\nVatican Mount, the, 335 ff.\nVeda, first created thing, 219; second created, 219; Agni's mouth, 219\nVedantism, 219\nVegetation-Gods, 191 n., 195, 307, 358, 433\nVenus, 53; double sex of, 297 n.; the star, 351\nVestals, 379 n.\nVinet, xxv\nViracocha, 376\nVirgil, 191 n.\nVirgin-birth, myths of, 316, 321-2, 359, 410, 420\nVirgins, sacrificed, 135; Pagan, 353\nVishnu, 262\nVisions, psychology of, 34\nVisper\u00e2d, 285\nVitality in religion, 402 ff.\nVizaresha, 311\nVohumano, influence of on Judaism, 222; in Mazdeism, 226; character and attributes of, 296; in Vendidad, 311; = Sraosha, 322, 410; and Mithra, 332, 410, 418\nVoltaire, xv\nVotan, 371\nWAFER, the sacred, 207 n., 208\nWakamba, the, 2 n.\nWakeman, 402\nWamyamwezi, the, 2 n.\nWard, Lester, 33 n.\nWar-Gods, evolution of, 358-9\nWarneck, cited, 2 n., 32 n., 42-3, 136\nWater, sacrament of, 143; and the Spirit, 221; Goddess of, 356\nWeber, cited, 221 n.; discussed, 250 ff.\nWeek of the Son, the, 166\nWellhausen, cited, xii, 67\nWhite in sacrifice, 151, 168, 170, 172, 184, 352\nWhydah, sacrifices at, 133\nWiedemann, 47 n.\nWilliams, T., cited, 386\nWinckler, cited, 296 n.\nWindischmann, xxii\nWinds, sacrifices to, 171\nWine, sacrament of, 142 ff., 175 ff.; given to victims, 119 ff., 137, 354; God of, in Mexico, 375. See Dionysos, Soma, and Haoma\nWisdom, Book of, 227\nWisdom. See Sophia\nWitchcraft, effects of, 31\nWitch of Endor, 233\nWomen, position of in ancient world, 78; in Mithraism, 325-6; in Polynesia, 365; sacrifices of, 135, 364; pregnant, in Jewish ritual, 158; Christian Messiah and, 185; and Buddhism, 249\nWord. See Logos\nWriting, art of, 81\nXerxes, 231\nXipe, human sacrifices to, 137, 390\nXiuhteuctli, 119, 271, 368, 373\nYAHWEH, name of, 220; sacraments of, 174, 175, 177; name tabooed, 49; priestly theory of, 68; as bull, 70 n.; frauds upon, 72, 87; nature of, 73; worship of, 67, 70 n., 78, 152; rise of, 81 ff., 95; as rain-giver, 73, 82, 178; as Saviour, 206\nYakuts, the, of Siberia, 184\nYama, 41\nYashts, the, 285\nYasna, 285\nYasoda, 252\nYeschu, 162\nYima, 299\nYoke, the mystic, 206\nYom Kippur. See Atonement, day of\nYucatan, religion of, 353; civilisation of, 354\nYuluca, 359\nZaden, 291 n.\nZahn, Prof., xii\nZapotecs, the, religion of, 356 n.\nZarathustra, as cult founder, 57; and Saoshyant, 166, 322; unhistorical, 238, 286; and Er, 272; and cave, 272, 304; Mills on, 286 ff.; cult of, 286 ff.; in Vendidad, 311, 314; his descent to Hades, 324 n.; his birth story, 324 n.\nZechariah, cited, 73, 317; and Mazdeism, 422-3\nZervan, 283\nZeus, 64 n., 96, 294 n.; Lyc\u00e6us, 60, 127; human sacrifice to, 125, 127; rain-giver, 177; a Saviour, 206; reason of, 217; lawgiver, 217; cave-born, 321 n.\nZipaltonal, 360\nZodiac, and lamb sacrifice, 142; in Judaism, 179 n.; in Christism, 185; in Mithraism, 299, 337; bull in, 298 n.; origin and antiquity of, 300 and note; and evangelist symbols, 309 n.; and cults of antiquity, 299 ff.; and chair of Peter, 336\nZoganes, the, 160\nZoroaster, 57, 272. See Zarathustra\nZulus, human sacrifice by, 124\nPRINTED BY WATTS AND CO., JOHNSON'S COURT, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C.","title":"Pagan Christs: Appendices: Index","type":"page"}