{"collection":"Buddhism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/bud/sbe10/sbe1017.htm","path":"bud/sbe10/sbe1017.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/bud/sbe10/sbe1017.htm","text":"Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 10: The Dhammapada and Sutta Nipata, by Max M\u00fcller and Max Fausb\u00f6ll, [1881]\np. 53\nHAPPINESS.\n197. Let us live happily then, not hating those who hate us! among men who hate us let us dwell free from hatred!\n198. Let us live happily then, free from ailments among the ailing! among men who are ailing let us dwell free from ailments!\n199. Let us live happily then, free from greed among the greedy! among men who are greedy let us dwell free from greed!\n200. Let us live happily then, though we call nothing our own! We shall be like the bright gods, feeding on happiness!\n201. Victory breeds hatred, for the conquered is unhappy. He who has given up both victory and defeat, he, the contented, is happy.\n[198. The ailment here meant is moral rather than physical. Cf. Mah\u00e2bh. XII, 9924, sampras\u00e2nto nir\u00e2mayah; 9925, yo 'sau pr\u00e2n\u00e2ntiko rogas t\u00e2m trishn\u00e2m tyagatah sukham.\n200. The words placed in the mouth of the king of Videha, while his residence Mithil\u00e2 was in flames, are curiously like our verse; cf. Mah\u00e2bh. XII, 9917,\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Susukham vata g\u00eev\u00e2mi yasya me n\u00e2sti ki\u00f1kana,\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Mithil\u00e2y\u00e2m prad\u00eept\u00e2y\u00e2m na me dahyati ki\u00f1kana.\n 'I live happily, indeed, for I have nothing; while Mithil\u00e2 is in flames, nothing of mine is burning.' Cf. Muir, Religious sentiments, p. 106.\nThe \u00e2bhassara, i.e. \u00e2bh\u00e2svara, 'the bright gods,' are frequently mentioned. Cf. Burnouf, Introd. p. 611.\n201. This verse is ascribed to Buddha, when he heard of the defeat of Ag\u00e2tasatru by Prasenagit. It exists in the Northern or Sanskrit and in the Southern or P\u00e2li texts, i.e. in the Avad\u00e2na-sataka, in the Samyutta-nik\u00e2ya. See Feer, Comptes Rendus, 1871, p. 44. and Journal As. 1880, p. 509. In the Avad\u00e2na-sataka, the Sanskrit version is--\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Gayo vairam prasavati, duhkham sete par\u00e2gitah\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Upas\u00e2ntah sukham sete hitv\u00e2 gayapar\u00e2gayam.]\np. 54\n202. There is no fire like passion; there is no losing throw like hatred; there is no pain like this body; there is no happiness higher than rest.\n203. Hunger is the worst of diseases, the body the greatest of pains; if one knows this truly, that is Nirv\u00e2na, the highest happiness.\n[202. I take kali in the sense of an unlucky die which makes a player lose his game. A real simile seems wanted here, as in verse 251, where, for the same reason, I translate graha by 'shark,' not by 'captivitas,' as Dr. Fausb\u00f6ll proposes. The same scholar translates kali in our verse by 'peccatum.' If there is any objection to translating kali in P\u00e2li by 'unlucky die,' I should still prefer to take it in the sense of the age of depravity, or the demon of depravity. To judge from Abhidh\u00e2nappad\u00eepik\u00e2, 1106, kali was used for par\u00e2gaya, i.e. loss at game, a losing throw, and occurs in that sense again in verse 252. The Chinese translation has, 'there is no distress (poison) worse than hate.' A similar verse occurs Mah\u00e2bh. S\u00e2ntip. 175, v. 35.\n'Body' for khandha is a free translation, but it is difficult to find any other rendering. The Chinese translation also has 'body.' According to the Buddhists each sentient being consists of five khandhas (skandha), or aggregates, the organized body (r\u00fbpakhandha) with its four internal capacities of sensation (vedan\u00e2), perception (sa\u00f1g\u00f1\u00e2), conception (samsk\u00e2ra), knowledge (vig\u00f1\u00e2na). See Burnouf, Introd. pp. 589, 634; Lotus, p. 335.\n203. Samsk\u00e2ra is the fourth of the five khandhas, but the commentator takes it here, as well as in verse 255, for the five khandhas together, in which case we can only translate it by 'body.' See also verse 278. Childers proposes 'organic life'. (Notes on Dhammapada, p. 1). There is, however, another samsk\u00e2ra, that which follows inimediately upon avidy\u00e2, 'ignorance,' as the second of the nid\u00e2nas, or 'causes of existence,' and this too might be called the greatest pain, considering that it is the cause of birth, which is the cause of all pain. Samsk\u00e2ra seems sometimes to have a different and less techninal meaning, being used in the sense of conceptions, plans, desires, as, for instance, in verse 368, where sankh\u00e2r\u00e2nam khayam is used much like tamh\u00e2khaya. Again, in his comment on verse 75, Buddhaghosa says, upadhiviveko sankh\u00e2rasanganikam vinodeti; and again, upadhiviveko ka nirupadh\u00een\u00e2m puggal\u00e2nam visankh\u00e2ragat\u00e2n\u00e2m.\nFor a similar sentiment, see Stanislas Julien, Les Avad\u00e2nas, vol. i. p. 40, 'Le corps est la plus grande source de souffrance,' &c. I should say that the khandhas in verse 202 and the sankh\u00e2ras in verse 203 are nearly, if not quite, synonymous. I should prefer to read gigakkh\u00e2-param\u00e2 as a compound. Gigakkh\u00e2, or as it is written in one MS., digakkh\u00e2 (Sk. gighats\u00e2), means not only 'hunger,' but 'appetite; desire.']\np. 55\n204. Health is the greatest of gifts, contentedness the best riches; trust is the best of relationships, Nirv\u00e2na the highest happiness.\n205. He who has tasted the sweetness of solitude and tranquillity, is free from fear and free from sin, while he tastes the sweetness of drinking in the law.\n206. The sight of the elect (Arya) is good, to live with them is always happiness; if a man does not see fools, he will be truly happy.\n207. He who walks in the company of fools suffers a long way; company with fools, as with an enemy, is always painful; company with the wise is pleasure, like meeting with kinsfolk.\n208. Therefore, one ought to follow the wise, the intelligent, the learned, the much enduring, the dutiful, the elect; one ought to follow a good and wise man, as the moon follows the path of the stars.\n[204. Childers translates, 'the best kinsman is a man you can trust.'\n205. Cf. Suttanip\u00e2ta, v. 256.\n208. I should like to read sukho ka dh\u00eerasamv\u00e2so.]","title":"Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 10: The Dhammapada and Sut...","type":"page"}