{"collection":"cfu","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/cfu/mlc/mlc19.htm","path":"cfu/mlc/mlc19.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/cfu/mlc/mlc19.htm","text":"Myths and Legends of China, by Edward T.C. Werner, [1922]\nDuring the course of Chinese history the restriction of intercourse due to mountain-chains or other natural obstacles between various tribes or divisions of the Chinese people led to the birth of a number of families of languages, which again became the parents of numerous local dialects. These dialects have in most cases restricted ranges, so that that of one district may be partially or wholly unintelligible to the natives of another situated at a distance of only a hundred miles or less.\nThe Court or Government language is that spoken in Peking and the metropolitan district, and is the language of official communication throughout the country. Though neither the oldest nor the purest Chinese dialect, it seems destined more than any other to come into universal use in China. The natives of each province or district will of course continue to speak to each other in their own particular dialect, and foreign missionaries or merchants, for example, whose special duties or transactions are connected with special districts will naturally learn and use the dialects of those districts; but as a means of intercommunication generally between natives of different provinces, or between natives and foreigners, the Court language seems likely to continue in use and to spread more and more over the whole country. It is to this that the following remarks apply.\nThe essentials of correct pronunciation of Chinese are accuracy of sound, tone, and rhythm.\nVowels and Diphthongs\na as in father.\nai as in Italian am\u00e1i.\nao. Italian ao in Aosta: sometimes \u00e1-oo, the au in cauto.\ne in eh, en, as in yet, lens.\nei. Nearly ey in grey, but more as in Italian lei, contei.\n\u00ea. The vowel-sound in lurk.\n\u00eai. The foregoing \u00ea followed enclitically by y. Money without the n = m\u00eai.\n\u00earh. The urr in purr.\ni. As a single or final syllable the vowel-sound in ease, tree; in ih, in, ing, as in chick, thing.\nia generally as in the Italian Maria.\niai. The iai in the Italian vecchiaia.\niao as in ia and ao, with the terminal peculiarity of the latter.\nie as in the Italian siesta.\nio. The French io in pioche. p. 426\niu as a final, longer than the English ew. In liu, niu, almost leyew, neyew. In chiung, hsiung, iung, is eeyong (\u014d in roll).\no. Between vowel-sound in awe and that in roll.\nou. Really \u00ea\u014d; ou in round.\n\u00fc. The vowel-sound in the French tu, e\u00fbt.\n\u00fca. Only in \u00fcan, which in some tones is \u00fcen. The \u016b as above; the an as in antic.\n\u00fce. The vowel-sounds in the French tu es.\n\u00fco. A disputed sound, used, if at all, interchangeably with io in certain syllables.\nu. The oo in too; in un and ung as in the Italian punto.\nua. Nearly ooa, in many instances contracting to wa.\nuai as in the Italian guai.\nuei. The vowel-sounds in the French jouer.\nu\u00ea. Only in final u\u00ean = \u00fa-\u016dn; frequently w\u00ean or wun.\nui. The vowel-sounds in screwy; in some tones uei.\nuo. The Italian uo in fuori; often wo, and at times nearly \u014f\u014d.\n\u016d. Between the i in bit and the u in shut.\nConsonants\nch as in chair; but before ih softened to dj.\nch\u2019. A strong breathing. Much-harm without the italicized letters = ch\u2019a.\nf as in farm.\nh as ch in Scotch loch.\nhs. A slight aspirate preceding and modifying the sibilant, which is, however, the stronger of the two consonants; e.g. hsing = hissing without the first i,\nj. Nearly the French j in jaune; the English s in fusion.\nk. c in car, k in king; but when following other sounds often softened to g in go, gate.\nk\u2019. The aspirate as in ch\u2019. Kick-hard without the italicized letters = k\u2019a; and kick-her == k\u2019\u00ea.\nl as in English.\nm as in English.\nn as in English.\nng. The italicized letters in the French mon galant = nga; mon gaillard = ngai; son gosier = ngo.\np as in English.\np\u2019 The Irish pronunciation of party, parliament. Slap-hard without the italicized letters = p\u2019a.\ns as in English.\nsh as in English.\nss. Only in ss\u016d. The object of employing ss is to fix attention on the peculiar vowel-sound \u016d (see above).\nt as in English.\nt\u2019 The Irish t in torment. Hit-hard without the italicized letters = t\u2019a.\nts as in jetsam; after another word softened to ds in gladsome.\nts\u2019. The aspirate intervening, as in ch\u2019, etc. Bets-hard without the italicized letters = ts\u2019a. p. 427\ntz. Employed to mark the peculiarity of the final \u016d; hardly of greater power than ts.\ntz\u2019 like ts\u2019. This, tz, and ss used only before \u016d.\nw as in English; but very faint, or even non-existent, before \u00fc.\ny as in English; but very faint before i or \u00fc.\nThe correct pronunciation of the sound (yin) is not sufficient to make a Chinese spoken word intelligible. Unless the tone (sh\u00eang), or musical note, is simultaneously correctly given, either the wrong meaning or no meaning at all will be conveyed. The tone is the key in which the voice is pitched. Accent is a \u2018song added to,\u2019 and tone is emphasized accent. The number of these tones differs in the different dialects. In Pekingese there are now four. They are best indicated in transliteration by numbers added to the sound, thus:\npa (1) pa (2) pa (3) pa (4)\nTo say, for example, pa (3) instead of pa (1) would be as great a mistake as to say \u2018grasp\u2019 instead of \u2018trumpet.\u2019 Correctness of tone cannot be learnt except by oral instruction.\nWhat tone is to the individual sound rhythm is to the sentence. This also, together with proper appreciation of the mutual modifications of tone and rhythm, can be correctly acquired only by oral instruction.\nA Zie. In Miao legend of the creation, 407\u2013408\nAccessory Institutions, 37\u201338; education, 37\u201338\nAddress, Forms of, 42\nAdministration. General, 28 sq.; in Feudal Period, 28\u201329; in Monarchical Period, 29; in Republican Period, 30\n\u00c6sthetic Products, 59\nAge for Marriage, 23\nAgents. The Three, 125; the Three Great Emperor Agents, 125; the Three Supreme Agents, 125\nAgnosticism. Confucius and, 88\u201389\nAgriculture, 49 sq.; Ministry of, 50\nAgriculturists. Nung; the second class of the people, 28\nAir. Sovereign of the Eastern, 136\u2013137; sovereign of the Western, 137\nAkkadia. Supposed origin of the Chinese in, 13, 15, 17\nAll Souls\u2019 Day. Festival of (Mid-autumn Festival), 35, 44\u201345\nAlligator, The Spiritual, 223\u2013224\nAmita, Amida. O-mi-t\u2019o Fo; Buddha, 119, 120 p. 428\nAmitabha. See Amita\nAn-kung. God of Sailors, 165\nAncestor-worship. The origin of Chinese religion, 52; by rulers, 94; ordinary, 100; and Buddhism, 118\nAo. A sea-monster; raises the scholar K\u2019uei on its back, 106\nAo Ch\u2019in. A Dragon-king; and the Eight Immortals, 214 sq.\nAo Ping. Third son of Lung Wang, 308\u2013309\nAquila. Star; legend regarding Vega and, 189 sq.\nArcher, The Divine, 180 sq.\nArmless People. Legend of the, 388\nArtisans. Kung; the third class of the people, 28\nArts, 49\nAstrological Superstitions, 176\nAsuras. Buddhist demons; enemies of D\u00eavas, 198\nAugust. The Pure August One; Y\u00fc Huang, 130\nBarge of Mercy, Taoist, 160\nBeards. Little worn, 47\nBeginning. Of Form, 90; of Pneuma, 90; the Great, 90; of Substance, 90\nBell, Casting of the Great. Legend of, 394 sq.\nBezoar. See Niu Huang\nBible. Parallelisms of, with Chinese religious and mythological beliefs, 79 n.\n\u201cBiographies of the Gods.\u201d Sh\u00ean hsien chuan, by Ko Hung, 79\nBird. Of Dawn, 186\u2013187; the one-legged, 206\nBirth of the Soul, 93\nBlackwater River, Demons of. In the Hsi yu chi, 352\nBlank, The Great, 90\nBlower. See Ch\u2019\u00ean Ch\u2019i\nBlue Dragon. Ch\u2019ing Lung; spirit of the Blue Dragon Star; guardian of Taoist temple gates, 146 sq.\nBlue River. Hs\u00fcan Chuang exposed in, as an infant, 337\n\u201cBook of Ceremonial.\u201d Li chi, 103\n\u201cBook of History,\u201d 84\nBrothers, The Three Musical, 151\nBuddha. Ju Lai, 78; and the Law and the Priesthood, 119; Tathagata, 119; Fo Pao, one of the San Pao, 119; Sh\u00e2kyamuni, 119; Y\u00fceh-shih Fo, the Master-Physician, 120; Miao Shan (Kuan Yin) becomes a, 271; his jumping competition with Sun Hou-tz\u016d, 332\u2013333\nBuddhism. As a Chinese religion, 53; effect on mythology, 62\u201363; one of the three religions, 100; brought to China, 118; Mahayanistic form of, 118; origin in ancestor-worship, 118; and Taoism, 118; and Confucianism, 118; Buddha, the Law, and the Priesthood, 119\nBuddhist-s. Account of P\u2019an Ku, 77; guardians of temple gates, 146; evil dragons, 208; number of dragons, 209; saviour of the Buddhists in Slow-carts Country, 353 sq.\nBuffalo. Of T\u2019ung-t\u2019ien Chiao-chu, 133\u2013134\nBurial, Methods of, 39 sq.\nBushel Mother. See Tou Mu\nButterfly. Chuang Tz\u016d and the, 91 and n., 148\u2013149\n\u201cCanon of Changes.\u201d See I Ching\nCapture, Marriage By, 22\nCarp. Ch\u2019\u00ean Kuang-jui and the released, 336, 339\u2013340\nCart, Land of the Flying, 391\nCask of Pearls. Wang Tan and the, 131\u2013132\nCause-s. First, Y\u00fcan-shih T\u2019ien-tsun, 127; Superior, Medium, and Inferior, 126; the Three, 125 sq.\nCelestial Ministries, 98\u201399, 164\nCemeteries, Chinese, 41\nCeremonial Institutions. Changes in marriage ceremonial, 24\u201325; exacting nature of funeral rites, 41; codes of ceremonial, 42 p. 429\nCh\u2019an-y\u00fc. Daughter of T\u00eang Chiu-kung; helps her father, 147; marries T\u2019u Hsing-sun, 147\nChang Fei. Chang I T\u00ea, the meat-seller; and Kuan Y\u00fc, 114 sq.\nChang Hsien. The patron of child-bearing women, 177 sq.; shoots the Heavenly Dog, 177\u2013178; spirit of the star Chang, 178\u2013179; origin of worship of, 178\nChang I T\u00ea. See Chang Fei\nChang Kuei-fang. Defeated by No-cha, 153\u2013154\nChang Kuo. One of the Eight Immortals, 288, 303; legend of, 294\u2013295\nChang Lao. The old priest who rescued the infant son of Ch\u2019\u00ean Kuang-jui, 337\u2013338\nCh\u2019ang \u00d4, or H\u00eang \u00d4. Called T\u2019ai-yin Huang-ch\u00fcn and Y\u00fceh-fu Ch\u2019ang \u00d4; the younger sister of the Spirit of the Waters, 179 sq.; Sh\u00ean I marries, 182; eats pill of immortality, 184\u2013185; flies to the moon, 185; and the white rabbit, 185; changed to a toad, 176, 188\nChang Shao. His fight with Nan-chi Hsien-w\u00eang, 158\u2013159; defeated by White Crane Youth, 159\nChang Tao-ling. The first Taiost pope, 138 sq.; finds ancient writings, 138\u2013139; founder of modern Taoism, 139; and pills of immortality, 139, 140; and talismans, 139; a \u2018rice-thief,\u2019 139; his disciple, Wang Ch\u2019ang, 140, 141, 216; Chao Sh\u00eang plucks the peaches for, 140\u2013141; the Heavenly Teacher, 141; Vicegerent of Pearly Emperor, 141; Commander-in-Chief of the hosts of Taoism, 141; his descendants, 142; and the dragon, 216\u2013217; and the Spirits of the Well, 216\u2013217; and the hunter, 217\nChang T\u2019ien-shih. Master of the Taoists; Emperor Li Shih-min and, 243 sq.; causes death of the five graduates, 244; gives magic objects to graduates, 245\nChang Ya. The God of Tz\u016d T\u2019ung 104 sq.\nChange, The Great, 90\n\u201cChanges, The Canon of.\u201d See I Ching\nChao Ch\u00ean. Minister to Miao Chuang, 253, 257, 277, 279\u2013280, 283; becomes Emperor, 285\nChao K\u2019uei. Marries Miao Ch\u2019ing, 258; conspires against Miao Chuang, 277 sq.\nChao Kung-ming. See Ts\u2019ai Sh\u00ean\nChao Sh\u00eang. Plucks the peaches, 140\u2013141\nCh\u2019ao Tu. A watchman; Li T\u2019ieh-kuai and, 291\nChao Yen. His connexion with Shou Hsing, 172\nChaos. Evolution of, and i tu, 90\u201391\nCharacteristics. Emotional, intellectual, and physical, of the Chinese, 21\u201322\nCharms. Use of, prevalent, 54\nCh\u2019\u00ea. And the fox, 379 sq.\nCh\u2019\u00ean. The Officials; the first class of the people, 28\nCh\u2019\u00ean. A Buddhist nun; collects subscriptions for casting an image of Buddha; and the maniac\u2019s mite, 401\u2013402\nCh\u00ean, Mr. A fox; and Chia Tz\u016d-lung, 381 sq.\nCh\u2019\u00ean Kuang-jui. A graduate of Hai Chou, 336; appointed Governor of Chiang Chou, 336; and the released carp, 336, 339\u2013340; murder of, by Liu Hung, 337; his infant son exposed on the Blue River, 337; his murderer executed, 339; saved by Lung Wang, 339\u2013340; is reunited with his family, 340. See also Hs\u00fcan Chuang\nCh\u2019\u00ean Ch\u2019i, or Ha. The Blower, 145; his battle with the Snorter, 145\u2013146; speared by Huang Fei-hu, 146; canonized, 146; appointed guardian of Buddhist temple gates, 146; overthrows T\u00eang Chiu-kung, 148\nCh\u00ean-j\u00ean. The Perfect Man, or Hero, 125, 135\u2013136\nCh\u00ean-shui T\u2019a. See Y\u00fc Ch\u2019\u00fcan Shan T\u2019a p. 430\nCh\u00eang Ch\u00eang-ch\u2019ang. Choir-mistress in Nunnery of the White Bird, 261, 263\u2013264\nCh\u00eang Lung, or H\u00eang. The Snorter, 145; instructed by Tu \u00d4, 145; his battle with the Blower, 145\u2013146; killed by Chin Ta-sh\u00eang, 146; canonized, 146; appointed guardian of the Buddhist temple gates, 146\nCh\u2019\u00eang Tsung. Emperor; and the San Y\u00fcan, 127; and Y\u00fc Huang, 130\u2013131; and the casket of pearls, 131\u2013132\nCh\u2019\u00eang-huang, God of the City, 165\u2013166, 402 sq.\nCh\u2019i. Pneuma, 90; Primary Matter, 86; Chu Tz\u016d and, 87; tao and, 88\nChi Chou. The early seat of Chinese sovereignty, 82\nChia Tz\u016d-lung. And Mr Ch\u00ean, a fox, 381 sq.\nChiang Chou. Ch\u2019\u00ean Kuang-jui appointed Governor of, 336\nChiang Shang. See Chiang Tz\u016d-ya\nChiang Tz\u016d-ya. His name Chiang Shang, but known as L\u00fc Shang, famous generalissimo, 122, 152 sq.; canonizes H\u00eang and Ha, 146; and T\u00eang Chiu-kung, 147\u2013148; and Ch\u00fc Liu-sun, 147; and Yin Ch\u2019\u00eang-hsiu, 148; and battle of Mu Yeh, 152\u2013153; transfers services to Chou, 152; and Wu Wang, 153, 154; and No-cha, 153\u2013154; goes to K\u2019un-lun, 154; receives List of Promotions to Immortals from Y\u00fcan-shih, 154; disobeys Y\u00fcan-shih\u2019s commands, 155; tempted by Sh\u00ean Kung-pao, 155; compact with Sh\u00ean Kung-pao, 155; assisted by Ancient Immortal of the South Pole against Sh\u00ean Kung-pao, 156\u2013157; intercedes for Sh\u00ean Kung-pao, 157; builds the F\u00eang Sh\u00ean T\u2019ai, 157; in battle with W\u00ean Chung, 158 sq.; wounds W\u00ean Chung, 160; his encounter with Ch\u2019ien-li Yen and Shun-f\u00eang \u00carh, 162 sq.; causes death of Chao Kung-ming, 170\u2013171; confers appanage of the twenty-eight constellations on T\u2019ung-t\u2019ien Chiao-chu and his followers, 191\u2013192; and T\u2019ai Sui, 196; and Lei Tsu, 199; and L\u00fc Y\u00fceh, 241\nChieh-yin Tao-j\u00ean. Fights with T\u2019ung-t\u2019ien Chiao-chu, 321\nCh\u2019ien-li Yen, or Kao Ming. Thousand-li Eye, 161 sq.; general of tyrant Chou, 161\u2013162; encounters with No-cha, Yang Chien, Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, Li Ching, and Lei Ch\u00ean-tz\u016d, 162 sq.; defeated, 163\u2013164; searches for heir to Miao Chuang, 254\u2013255\nCh\u2019ien-t\u2019ang. Chief God of Rivers, 218\u2013219\nChih. See Substance\nCh\u2019ih Ching-tz\u016d. Seeks Y\u00fcan-shih T\u2019ien-wang, 129; defeats W\u00ean Chung, 161; an alleged discoverer of fire, 199; fights W\u00ean Chung, 199; personification of fire, 237\nCh\u2019ih Sung-tz\u016d. See Y\u00fc Shih\nCh\u2019ih Ti. See Chu Jung\nCh\u2019ih-chiang Tz\u016d-y\u00fc. Visits \u00d4-mei Shan, 179; on the steep summit, 180; instructed in the doctrine of immortality, 186; a skilful archer, 180 sq.; named Sh\u00ean I; his adventures as Sh\u00ean I\u2014see Sh\u00ean I\nChildren. Position of, in China, 25\u201326\nCh\u2019in. The feudal state which subjugated the other states and established the monarchy, 27\nChin Chia. \u2018Mr Golden Cuirass\u2019; protector of scholars, 112\u2013113\nChin Hung. God of T\u2019ai Shan; and Y\u00fcan-shih T\u2019ien-wang, 128\u2013129\nChin Mu. Sh\u00ean I builds a palace for, 183\u2013184; gives Sh\u00ean I pill of immortality, 184\nCh\u2019in Shih Huang-ti. The First Emperor; and the dragon, 212 sq.\nCh\u2019in Shu-pao. A Door-god, 173\u2013174. See M\u00ean Sh\u00ean\nChin Ta-sh\u00eang. \u2018Golden Big Pint,\u2019 an ox-spirit; kills the Snorter, 146; and niu huang, or bezoar, 146\nChin-cha. See Li Chin-cha\nChin-kang. The Four Diamond Kings of Heaven; governors of the four continents surrounding p. 431 Mount Sum\u00earu, 120 sq.; reflected in Taoist Kings of Heaven, 142\nChina. Extent in early times, 17, 18; physical features of, 18\u201319; Manchu conquest of, 18, 28; vegetable products of, 19\u201320; animals of, 20; Mongol rule over, 21; intercourse with other countries, 21; origin of name, 27; conquered by the Tartars, 27\u201328; government of, 28 sq.; Republican, 30, 31\u201332, 36; laws of, 30 sq.; local government of, 32; military and naval system of, 32 sq.; ecclesiastical institutions, 34 sq.; professional institutions, 36; accessory institutions, 37; industrial institutions, 47 sq.; agriculture in, 49 sq.; gods of, 93 sq.; Buddhism brought to, 118; prevalence of smallpox in, 246\u2013247\nChinese. Theories of origin of, 13 sq.; problem of sources of civilization of, 17; district occupied by early, 17, 18; cause of difference between, of North and South, 17; physical, emotional, and intellectual characteristics, 21\u201322; domestic institutions, 22 sq., 47\u201348; expansion of Empire, 27\u201328; mutilations practised by, 38\u201339; funeral rites of, 39 sq.; laws of intercourse, 42; habits and customs, 43; sports and games, 45; arts, 49; sentiments and moral ideas, 51\u201352; religious ideas, 52\u201353; superstitions, 53\u201354; knowledge, 54 sq.; language, 56\u201357; achievements, 57 sq.; intellect and mythology, 61; rigidity of their mythology, 61, 63\u201364; character of mythology of, 67; sources of mythology of, 69 sq.; religion, 97; myths of\u2014see Mythology\nChing T\u00ea. In legend of Y\u00fc Huang, 132\u2013133\nChisel-tooth. A strange man of the South; a criminal, 184; killed by Sh\u00ean I, 184\nCh\u2019iung Hsiao. A goddess; assists the house of Chou with magic weapons, 158\nChou. Colonies of early Chinese established among the aborigines, 27\nChou Dynasty. No-cha and, 146; helped by Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, 152 sq.\nChou Hsin. The Ch\u2019\u00eang-huang of Hangchou, 166\nChou Tun-i. See Chou Tz\u016d\nChou Tz\u016d, or Chou Tun-i. Philosopher; author of T\u2019ai chi t\u2019u shu, 86, 87\nChou Wang. Tyrant king of Yin; his battles with Wu Wang, 133\u2013134\nChou-pien. In legend of Ch\u2019un-y\u00fc F\u00ean, 413\u2013414, 415\u2013416, 419\nCh\u2019u Chieh. General of Miao Chuang, 253\nChu Fu Tz\u016d. See Chu Tz\u016d\nChu Hsi. See Chu Tz\u016d\nChu I. \u2018Mr Redcoat\u2019; purveyor of official posts, 110 sq.\nChu Jung. The Red (Fire) Emperor, Ch\u2019ih Ti; a minister of Huang Ti, 81; victorious over Kung Kung, 81; legend of, 237 sq.; becomes emperor, 238; defeats Hui Lu, 239\nCh\u00fc Liu-sun. A magic-master; and Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, 147\nChu Pa-chieh. The Pig Fairy in the Hsi yu chi, 326; half man, half pig, 335; Mao \u00carh-chieh and, 335; Kuan Yin and, 335; is made a priest and receives religious name of Chu Wu-n\u00eang, 335; journeys with the Master, 341 sq.; and the widow and her daughters, 342 sq.; carried away to the Lotus Cave, 345 sq.; his reward, 368\nChu Tz\u016d, Chu Hsi, or Chu Fu Tz\u016d. Historian and Confucian commentator, 85, 86\u201387; monistic philosophy of, 86\u201387\nCh\u2019u Wang-sun. Chuang Chou as, 149\u2013150\nChu Wu-n\u00eang. See Chu Pa-chieh\nCh\u2019\u00fc Y\u00fcan. Statesman-poet; drowns himself in Mi-lo River, 152\nChu-ti, Prince. Founder of Peking, 228 sq.; son of Emperor Hung Wu, 228; and the sealed packet, 228, 229 sq.; begins to build city, 230; and the dragons, 232 sq. p. 432\nChuang Chou. See Chuang Tz\u016d\nChuang Tz\u016d, Chuang Chou, or Chuang Sh\u00eang. His cosmogony, 80; his super-tao, 91; his dream, 91 and n., 148\u2013149; philosophical critic, 148\u2013149; apotheosized, 148; reincarnation of, 149; and the young widow fanning the grave, 149; and his wife, 149\u2013150; as Ch\u2019u Wang-sun, 149\u2013150; and F\u00eang Hou, 150; and Hs\u00fcan N\u00fc, 150; receives from Shang Ti the planet Jupiter, 150\nChun T\u2019i. A gifted warrior; his battles with T\u2019ung-t\u2019ien Chiao-chu, 133\u2013134, 321 sq.; and K\u2019ung Hs\u00fcan, the one-eyed peacock, 320\u2013321; and Wu Y\u00fcn, 323\u2013324; and the golden-bearded turtle, 324; and P\u2019i-lu Hsien, 324\nCh\u2019un-y\u00fc F\u00ean. And the dream of the south branch, 410 sq.; in the kingdom of Huai-an, 411 sq.; marries the King\u2019s daughter, 412 sq.; takes office under the King, 414 sq.; his greatness, 416; meets with disasters, 416\u2013417; the prophecies, 417; returns home, 418; the prophecies come true, 419\nCh\u2019ung Ch\u00eang. Emperor; and the cursed temple, 398 sq.\nChung K\u2019uei, or K\u2019uei. As God of literature, 106 sq.; as God of Exorcism, 248; and Hs\u00fc Hao, 249\u2013250; canonized, 250\nChung Yang Festival, 45\nChung-li Ch\u2019\u00fcan, or Han Chung-li. One of the Eight Immortals, 288, 289, 297\u2013298, 301, 303; legends of, 291\u2013292\nCity. God of the, 165; shaving a whole city, 365\u2013366\nCity-god of Yen Ch\u2019\u00eang. Legend of the, 402 sq.\nClasses. The four classes of the people, 28\nClassics. See Book of Ceremonial, Book of History, I Ching\nClimate. Nature of Chinese, 19\nClothing. Nature of, 58\nClubs. See Accessory Institutions\nCodes. Ceremonial, 42; legal\u2014see Laws\nCoins. Kinds in use, 49\nConfucius. Social and ethical philosopher; his cosmogony, 80; and agnosticism, 88\u201389; not a god, 102 sq.; titles conferred on, 103\nConfucianism. The State religion, 52, 99\u2013100; effect on mythology, 61\u201362; Ju Chiao, religion of the learned, 102; scope of, 102; and Buddhism, 118\nConstellations. Worship of the, 191; the twenty-eight, 191\u2013192; propitious and unpropitious, 191; abodes of gods, 191\u2013192; Tz\u016d-wei and Po I-k\u2019ao, 192 sq.\nCorea. Dependency of China, 27; annexed by Japan, 27\nCorpse. Feeding of, 40\nCosmetics. Use of, 47\nCosmogony. Myth of P\u2019an Ku, 76 sq., 80\u201381; of the I ching, 80; of Lao Tz\u016d, 80; of Confucius, 80; of Kuan Tz\u016d, 80; of Mencius, 80; of Chuang Tz\u016d, 80; Chinese and Babylonian, 80; N\u00fc Kua and, 81\u201382; Wen Ch\u2019ang\u2019s attendants and, 82; dualistic nature of early, 83; how the Chinese obtained a, 84 sq.; tao and, 88; popular, 91\u201392; and the T\u2019ai chi t\u2019u, 92; non-mythological, 92; and constructive imagination, 92. See also Creation\nCreation. Mo Tz\u016d and, 89\u201390; Miao legends of the, 406 sq.\nCrops. Kinds raised, 50; Gods of the, 165\nCursed Temple. Legend of the, 398 sq.\nCycle-gods, 177\nDeath. Idea of, 39\u201340; of the gods, 99\nDeification. Origin of, 93\nDemon-s. Kuei general name for, 103; of pestilence, subdued by the three musical brothers, 151; p. 433 Maruta, 198; Asuras, 198; exorcism of, 249\u2013250; Hs\u00fc Hao a, 249\u2013250; of the Lotus Cave, 345 sq.; Red Child Demon, 350 sq.; of Blackwater River, 352; defeat of the Ox-demon, 359 sq.\nDependencies of China, 27\nD\u00eava. General designation of the gods of Brahmanism, 120, 198\nDharma. Fa Pao, the Law, in Buddhism, 119. See Vairotchana\nDiamond Kings of Heaven, The Four. See Chin-kang\nDipper. See Great Bear\nDistribution. Internal, 48; external, 48\u201349\nDivine Archer. Sh\u00ean I, or Ch\u2019ih-chiang Tz\u016d-y\u00fc, 180 sq.\nDivine Husbandman. See Sh\u00ean Nung\nDivorce. Reasons for, 23\nDog-s. Jung tribe with heads of, 20; shooting the Heavenly, 177\u2013178; legend of Jung tribe, 419 sq.\nDomestic Institutions. Marital, 22 sq.; filial, 25\u201326; domestic customs and habits, 46\u201347\nDoor-gods. See M\u00ean Sh\u00ean\nDragon-s. Symbol of, on Manchu flag, 28; P\u2019an Ku with head of, 78; Blue\u2014see Blue Dragon; F\u00eang Po, God of the Wind, 204, 205; are spirits of the waters, 208; generally beneficent, 208; essence of yang principle; evil dragons are Buddhist, 208; nagas, mountain dragons, 208; chief of the scaly reptiles, 208; description and properties of, 208 sq.; Buddhist, 209\u2013210; f\u00eang-shui and, 209; legend of the foolish, 211\u2013212; spirits in charge of Salt Waters, 212; spirits in charge of Sweet Waters, 212; spirits in charge of Secondary Waters, 212; legend of Ch\u2019in Shih Huang-ti and the, 212 sq.; Chang Tao-ling and the, 216\u2013217; Hs\u00fc Ch\u00ean-ch\u00fcn and the, 222 sq.; a spiritual alligator, 223\u2013224; and drought in Peking, 232 sq.\nDragon-boat Festival. Origin and nature of, 44, 152\nDragon-king-s. The Sea-dragon Kings, the Chinese Neptunes; three daughters of, mothers of the San Kuan, 126; description of, 210\u2013211, 212; Ao Ch\u2019in and the Eight Immortals, 214 sq.; legend of Dragon-king\u2019s daughter, 217 sq.; and Li No-cha, 307 sq.\nDragon-tiger Mountain. Abode of family of Chang Tao-ling, 142\n\u201cDream of the South Branch.\u201d Nan k\u2019o m\u00eang, 410; story of, 410 sq.\nDualism. In early cosmogony, 83; I ching and, 84; yin-yang system of, 85; illustrated by pantheon, 93\nDuke of Thunder. See Lei Kung\nEarlier Spirit Festival, 44\nEarth. Gods of the, 46; the Earth-mother, 82, 109\u2013110, 165. See also Soil and Ti\nEarth-dumb. Ti-ya, or Ti-mu, the Earth-mother; one of the attendants of W\u00ean Ch\u2019ang, 82, 109\u2013110\nEarth-mother. Ti-ya, Ti-mu, or Hou-t\u2019u, 82, 109\u2013110, 165. See also Earth-dumb\nEastern Air, Sovereign of The, 136\u2013137\nEastern Palace. Residence of T\u2019ai I, star-spirit, 143\nEcclesiastical Institutions, 34 sq.\nEducation. Stereotyped at an early age, 37; restricted to study of the classics, 37; competitive examination system of, 37, 38; modern, 38\nEight Immortals. See Pa Hsien\nEight Trigrams. See Pa Kua and Trigrams\nEighteen Provinces. China Proper, 27\nElam. Probable origin of Chinese in, 15, 17\nElephant, White, 283, 284, 285\u2013286\nEmperor-s. Y\u00fc Huang, the Jade Emperor, 130, and see Y\u00fc Huang; \u2018Throne of the Five,\u2019 176 p. 434\nEmptiness and Devastation. Hs\u00fc Hao, a demon; exorcism of, 249\u2013250\nEnvironments of the Chinese. Inorganic, 18\u201319; organic, 19\u201320; sociological, 20\u201321\nEpidemics. Gods of, 240 sq.; myths of, 240 sq.; Ministry of Seasonal, 240\u2013241; God of Epidemics afflicts Miao Chuang, 274\nEquinoxes. Festivals of the, 44\n\u00carh-lang. Helps to capture Sun Hou-tz\u016d, 331\nExaminations. Literary, as means of appointment to office, 29\nExchange. By barter, 49; coins, 49; weights and measures, 49\nExorcism-ists. The wu, 34; Ministry of, 248; gods of, 248\u2013249; of \u2018Emptiness and Devastation,\u2019 249\nExpectant Wife. Legend of the, 391\u2013392\nExtinguisher. Sun Hou-tz\u016d and the, 364\u2013365\nFa Pao. Dharma, the Law, one of the San Pao of Buddhism, 119\nFan-s. Use of, 47; the Fire-quenching, 359 sq.\nFanning the Grave. Story of Chuang Chou and the widow, 149\nFavourable-wind Ear. See Shun-f\u00eang \u00carh\nFeast. Of Lanterns, 43\u201344; of Peaches, P\u2019an-t\u2019ao Hui, 137\u2013138. See also Festival-s\nFeathered People. Legend of, 390\nFei, Lady. Concubine of M\u00eang Ch\u2019ang, 178. See Hua-jui Fu-j\u00ean\nFei Lien. See F\u00eang Po\nF\u00eang Hou. And Chuang Chou, 150\nF\u00eang Lin. Vanquished by No-cha, 153\nF\u00eang Po. God of the Wind; and Sh\u00ean I, 181, 204\u2013205; legend of, 204\u2013205; a stellar divinity, 204; a dragon, Fei Lien, 181, 204\u2013205\nF\u00eang Sh\u00ean T\u2019ai. Chiang Tz\u016d-ya builds, for List of Promotions to Immortals, 154, 157\n\u201cF\u00eang Sh\u00ean Yen I.\u201d Legends in, 192 sq., 242, 320 sq.\nF\u00eang-shan. Sacrifices offered on T\u2019ai Shan by Ch\u2019\u00eang Tsung, 127\nF\u00eang-shui, Doctrine of, 54; dragons connected with, 209\nFestival-s, 43 sq.; Mid-autumn (All Souls\u2019 Day), 35, 44\u201345; New Year, 43; of Lanterns, 43\u201344; of the four seasons and their equinoxes and solstices, 44; Earlier Spirit, 44; of the Tombs, 44; Middle Spirit, 44; Later Spirit, 44; Dragon-boat, 44, 152; Chung Yang (kite-flying), 45; New Year\u2019s Eve, 45\nFeudal Period. Duration of, 18; administrative system in, 28\u201329; ecclesiastical institutions in, 34 sq.; professional institutions in, 36; accessory institutions in, 37\nFeudal States. Subjugated by Ch\u2019in, 27\nFinger-nails. Worn long by literary and leisured classes, 47\nFire. Ch\u2019ih Ching-tz\u016d an alleged discoverer of, 199; myths of, 236 sq.; Ministry of, 236; God of, burns Hsi Ch\u2019i, 236\u2013237; Ch\u2019ih Ching-tz\u016d a personification of, 237; Ch\u2019ih Ti, the Red Emperor, 237\u2013238; Hui Lu, 238\u2013239; Sh\u00ean Nung, 239; the Fire-quenching Fan, 359 sq.\nFire-quenching Fan, The Magic, 359 sq.\nFirst Cause. Sung philosophers and, 85\u201386; Mencius and, 90\nFive Elements (wu hsing), 84\nFive Graduates. Legend of the, 242 sq.; gain favour of the Emperor, 243; and Chang T\u2019ien-shih, 244\u2013245; killed, 244; their spirits appear at the palace, 244\u2013245; canonized, 246\nFlag. Republican, 28; dragon-symbol on Manchu, 28\nFlood, Legend of the Great, 224\u2013225\nFlowers. Chinese love for, 51\nFlying Cart, Land of the, 391\nFo Pao. Buddha, one of the San Pao of Buddhism, 119\nFood. Kinds of, 58\nFoot-binding. Origin of, 39; abolition of, 39 p. 435\nForm. See Hsing\nFormosa. A Chinese possession, 27; annexed by Japan, 27\nFoxes. Legends of, 370 sq.; generally of ill omen, 370; powers of, 370; transformations of, 370\nFu Hsi, or T\u2019ien Huang Shih. Mythical sovereign; brother of N\u00fc Kua, 81, 82; creator of human beings, 239, 247\u2013248; a God of Medicine, 247\u2013248\nFu Sh\u00ean, Yang Ch\u2019\u00eang, or Yang Hsi-chi. The God of Happiness, 165, 169\u2013170; origin of, 169; other Gods of Happiness, 170\nFu-sang Tree. One which grows at the place where the sun rises, 186\u2013187\nFuneral Rites, 39 sq.; the idea of death, 39; recalling the soul, 39\u201340; feeding the corpse, 40; the soul-tablet, 40; signs of mourning, 40; exacting nature of ceremonial, 41; cemeteries, 41\nGaruda. See Lei Kung\nGems, Lake Of. Yao Ch\u2019ih, 137\nGeneralissimo-s. Canonized, 150 sq.; the three musical brothers, T\u2019ien Chih-piao, T\u2019ien Y\u00fcan-shuai, and T\u2019ien Hung-i, 151; Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, 152 sq.\nGenii. Hsi Wang Mu head of the, on K\u2019un-lun Mountains, 137\nGentry. Sh\u00ean Shih; a social division, 28\nGeological Features, 19\nGiants. Legends of, 387\nGod-s. Of China, 93 sq.; amuse themselves, 99; marry, 99; sin, 99; punishment of the, 99; die, 99; super-triad of, 100\u2013101; Confucius not a, 102 sq.; sh\u00ean general name for, 103; stellar deities, 176 sq., 242; constellations, planets, and stars abodes of, 192; dragons, 208 sq.; battle of the, 320 sq.; of Agriculture, 165; of the City, 165; of the Cycles, 177; of the Door, 165, 172 sq.; of Epidemics, 240 sq., 274; of Exorcism, 248 sq.; of Fire, 236 sq.; the \u2018Five Mountains,\u2019 242; of Grasshoppers, 165; of Hades, 120; of Happiness, 165, 169\u2013170, 177; of the Immortals, 136; of the Kitchen, 45, 128, 165, 166 sq.; of Literature, 104 sq., 177, 299; local, t\u2019u-ti, 165; of Longevity, 165, 171\u2013172, 177; of Longevity and the Eight Immortals, 214 sq.; of Medicine, 247\u2013248; chief God of Rivers, 218\u2013219; River-god, marriage of the, 225 sq.; of Sailors, 165; of Serpents, 165; of Smallpox, 175; of the Soil and Crops, 165; of Thunder, 128, 198 sq.; of Time, 194 sq.; of War, 113 sq.; of the Waters, 208 sq.; of Wealth, 165, 170\u2013171; of the Wind, 204\u2013205; of the Year, 194; names of numerous, 174\u2013175\nGoddess-es. Earth-mother, 82, 109\u2013110, 165; of Lightning, 203; of Mercy, 251 sq., and see also Kuan Yin; of Mulberry-trees and Silkworms, 168\u2013169; of the North Star, 144\u2013145; of Sailors, 165; Old Mother of the Waters, 220 sq.; names of various, 174\u2013175\nGolden Big Pint. See Chin Ta-sh\u00eang\nGolden Cuirass, Mr. See Chin Chia\nGolden Mother of the Tortoise, 136\nGolden-bearded Turtle. And Chun T\u2019i, 324\nGourd, The Magic, 347\nGovernment. General, 29 sq.; local, small scope of, 32\nGraduates. Legend of the five, 242 sq.\nGrand Terminus, or Great Ultimate, 85\nGrasshoppers, God of, 165\nGrave, Fanning the. Story of Chuang Chou and the widow, 149\nGreat Bear. Constellation; W\u00ean Ch\u2019ang and the, 105 sq.; the residence of the Fates, 176\nGreat Bell, Casting of the. Legend of the, 394 sq.\nGreat Ultimate, or Grand Terminus, 85 p. 436\nGreen Lion. In Kuan Yin legend, 283\u2013284, 285\u2013286\nGuardian-s. Of Buddhist temple gates, 145\u2013146; of Taoist temple gates, 146 sq.; of Gate of Heaven, 305 sq.\nGuardianship. Of the young, 26\nHa. The Blower. See Ch\u2019\u00ean Ch\u2019i\nHabitations. In early times, 57; development of, 57\u201358\nHabits and Customs. Festivals and holidays, 43\u201344; domestic, 46\u201347\nHades. The God of, 120\nHan. Early monarchical dynasty, 27\nHan Chih-hsien. Fights for W\u00ean Chung, 159\u2013160\nHan Hsiang Tz\u016d. One of the Eight Immortals, 215, 303; legend of, 299\u2013300\nHan Y\u00fc, Statesman, philosopher, and poet; and Han Hsiang Tz\u016d, 299\u2013300\nHappiness. The term \u2018Eight Immortals\u2019 figuratively used for, 288; Gods of\u2014see Fu Sh\u00ean, Kuo Tz\u016d-i, and Li Kuei-tsu\nHead-splitting Helmet, 325\u2013326, 368\u2013369\nHeadless People. Legend of, 387\u2013388\nHeaven-s. Repair of the, 72, 81\u201382, 224\u2013225; Temple of, 95; Taoist Kings of, 142; Mother of, 150; Guardian of the Gate of, 305 sq.\nHeaven-deaf. T\u2019ien-lung, or Hs\u00fcan T\u2019ung-tz\u016d, one of the attendants of W\u00ean Ch\u2019ang, 82, 109\u2013110\nHeavenly Dog. Tien Kou; legend of Chang Hsien and the, 177\u2013178; and Sun Hou-tz\u016d, 331\nHeavenly Peach-garden, 329\u2013330\nHeavenly Stables, 329\nHeavenly Teacher. See Chang Tao-ling\nHell-s. Kings of, 120, 267\u2013268\nH\u00eang. The Snorter. See Ch\u00eang Lung\nH\u00eang \u00d4. See Ch\u2019ang \u00d4\nHerdsman. Legend of the Weaver-girl and the, 189 sq.\nHeroes. See Ch\u00ean-j\u00ean\n\u201cHill and River Classic.\u201d See Shan Hai Ching\nHindu Kush Mountains. K\u2019un-lun Mountains identified with, 16\nHistory. Summary of political, of China, 27\u201328; mythology and, 63\nHo F\u00eang. Marries Miao Yin, 258; conspires against Miao Chuang, 277 sq.\nHo Hsien-ku. One of the Eight Immortals; and T\u2019ai Sui 195; legend of, 296\u2013297; mentioned, 293, 303\nHo Li. Conspires against Miao Chuang, 278\u2013279\nHo Po. The Spirit of the Waters; H\u00eang \u00d4 his younger sister, 182\nHolidays. Observed at certain seasons, 43\nHou-t\u2019u, Ti-ya, or Ti-mu. Earth-mother, 82, 109\u2013110, 165\nHsi Ch\u2019i. Town and mountain; T\u00eang Chiu-kung and battle at, 147; burned by Fire-god, 236\u2013237; L\u00fc Y\u00fceh in battle at, 241\nHsi Wang Mu. Golden Mother of the Tortoise; her story first mentioned, 72; her names, 136; sovereign of the Western Air, 137; head of the genii dwelling on the K\u2019un-lun Mountains, 137; and Feast of Peaches (P\u2019an-t\u2019ao Hui), 137\u2013138; her palace, 137; her birthdays, 138; and Li T\u2019ieh-kuai, 289\nHsi Y\u00fc. Miao Chuang kinglet of, 253\n\u201cHsi Yu Chi.\u201d Record of a journey to the Western Paradise; a dramatization of the introduction of Buddhism into China, 325\u2013326, 341\nHsi-m\u00ean Pao. Magistrate of Yeh Hsien; and marriage of the River-god, 226\u2013227\nHsiang Shan. Monastery inhabited by Immortals; Miao Shan goes to, 266 sq.\nHsien, or Hsien-j\u00ean. Immortals, 125, 135; yin and yang and, 135 p. 437\nHsien Tung. \u2018The Immortal Youth\u2019; servant to Mu Kung, 136\nHsien W\u00eang. See Shou Hsing\nHsien-y\u00fcan Huang-ti. Mythical emperor; Chu Jung his minister, 81, 238, 239; T\u2019ai I his medical preceptor, 143; and the Door-gods, 173; instructed in doctrine of immortality, 179\u2013180; God of Medicine, 247; mentioned, 167\nHsing. Form; beginning of, 90\nHsing Lin. Kingdom of Miao Chuang, 253, 280, 282\n\u201cHsiu Hsiang Pa Hsien Tung Yu Chi,\u201d 289\nHs\u00fc Ch\u00ean-ch\u00fcn, or Hs\u00fc Sun. The dragon-slayer, 222 sq.\nHs\u00fc Hao. A demon; exorcism of, 249\u2013250\nHs\u00fc Sun. See Hs\u00fc Ch\u00ean-ch\u00fcn\nHs\u00fc-mi Shan. See Sum\u00earu\nHs\u00fcan Chuang. Also called Y\u00fcan Chuang and T\u2019ang S\u00eang; the pilgrim of the Hsi yu chi, 325; Sha Ho-shang his baggage-coolie, 334\u2013335; history of, 336 sq.; his father murdered by Liu Hung, 336\u2013337; exposed on Blue River, 337; Chang Lao rescues him, 337\u2013338; named Chiang Liu, \u2018Waif of the River,\u2019 337; finds his grandmother, 338\u2013339; murderer of his father executed, 339; becomes the Emperor\u2019s favourite priest, 340; journeys to the Western Paradise, 340, 341 sq.; and the White Horse, 340\u2013341; is rescued by Ju Lai, 358\u2013359; his return home, 367 sq.; canonized, 368. See also Ch\u2019\u00ean Kuang-jui\nHs\u00fcan N\u00fc, or T\u2019ien Mu. The Mother of Heaven; and Chuang Chou, 150\nHs\u00fcan Tsung. Emperor; and Chang Kuo, 294\u2013295\nHs\u00fcan T\u2019ung-tz\u016d. \u2018Sombre Youth.\u2019 See Heaven-deaf\nHs\u00fcan-hs\u00fcan Shang-j\u00ean. Relates history of Y\u00fcan-shih T\u2019ien-wang, 129\u2013130\nHu Ching-t\u00ea. A Door-god, 173\u2013174. See M\u00ean Sh\u00ean\nHu Pi-li. Chief of the guard of Miao Chuang; sent to burn Nunnery of the White Bird, 264\u2013265; at the execution of Miao Shan, 266\u2013267\nHua Shan. A sacred mountain in the west, 253\nHua-hu Tiao. The white rat of Mo-li Shou, 121; devours Yang Chien, 122\u2013123\nHua-jui Fu-j\u00ean, or Lady Fei. And Chang Hsien, 178\nHua-kuo Shan. A mountain in the kingdom of Ao-lai; Sun Hou-tz\u016d born on, 326\u2013327\nHuai-an. Kingdom; Ch\u2019un-y\u00fc F\u00ean in, 411 sq.\nHuai-nan Tz\u016d. A philosopher; apotheosized, 148; and the Eight Immortals, 148\nHuang Fei-hu. Yellow Flying Tiger, 122, 146; spears the Blower, 146; and Spirit of the Blue Dragon Star, 147; father of Huang T\u2019ien-hua, 241\nHuang Lao. A genie; seeks Y\u00fcan-shih T\u2019ien-wang, 129\nHuang Ti. See Hsien-y\u00fcan Huang-ti\nHuang T\u2019ien-hua. Son of Huang Fei-hu; in battle with the Chin-kang, 123; attacks W\u00ean Chung, 159; in battle with L\u00fc Y\u00fceh, 241\nHui Lu, or Huo-shih Chih T\u2019u. God of Fire, 238\u2013239\nHui Tsung. Emperor, 132\nHun Tun. See Chaos\nHung Wu. Emperor; greatness of, 227; father of Chu-ti, 228. See also Chu-ti, Prince\nHung-ch\u00fcn Lao-tsu. Master of T\u2019ung-t\u2019ien Chiao-chu, 133\u2013134\nHuo Ti. See Sh\u00ean Nung\nHuo-t\u00ea Hsing-ch\u00fcn. See Lo Hs\u00fcan\n\u201cI Ching.\u201d The Book or Canon of Changes or Permutations; first, but not the oldest, of the classics, 80, 84, 85; reputed origin of, 84; Fu Hsi and, 84; contains no cosmogony proper, 84, 92\nI Tu. The Solitary Indeterminate; makes evolution of Chaos possible, 90\u201391; tao and, 90\u201391 p. 438\nI Yu. Superior of Nunnery of the White Bird, 261\u2013262, 263\nIdeograms, Ancient Chinese, 14\nImmaterial Principle. See LI\nImmortal-s. Hsien, or Hsien-j\u00ean, 125, 135; God of the, 136; the Eight\u2014see Pa Hsien; the Eight, and the God of Longevity, 214. See also Hsien\nImmortality, Pills of. See Pills\nImperfect Mountain. Kung Kung strikes his head against the, 81\nImplements. Great variety of Chinese, 59\nIndo-China. Supposed origin of Chinese in, 14; language of, 14; early tribes in, 15\nIndra. The God of Heaven; and Y\u00fc Huang, 133\nIndustrial Institutions, 47\nJade. Symbol of purity; the Jade Emperor, 130\nJade Palace of Abstraction, 154, 155\nJan-t\u00eang Fo, or Jan T\u00eang. Light-lamp Buddha, 120; and Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, 158; revives Wu Wang, 159; and T\u2019ai Sui, 196; mentioned, 161\nJan-t\u00eang Tao-j\u00ean. Fights with T\u2019ung-t\u2019ien Chiao-chu, 134\nJ\u00ean Huang. The nine Human Sovereigns, 144, 145\nJ\u00ean Tsung. Emperor; and worship of Chang Hsien, 178\n\u201cJih Chi So Chih,\u201d 422 n.\nJointed Snake. Legend of the, 393\nJu Chiao. See Confucianism\nJu-i. \u2018As you wish\u2019; precious stone, 134\nJu-lai Fo. Chinese translation of Tathagata, the highest epithet of a Buddha, literally \u2018thus come\u2019: \u201cbringing human nature as it really is, with perfect knowledge and high intelligence, he comes and manifests himself\u201d; in the myth of P\u2019an Ku, 78; and Miao Shan (Kuan Yin), 269\u2013270; rescues Hs\u00fcan Chuang, 358\u2013359\nJung. Tribe with heads of dogs, 20; legend of, 419 sq.\nJupiter. Y\u00fc Huang the Chinese, 130; given as a kingdom to Chuang Chou by Shang Ti, 150; and T\u2019ai Sui, 194\nKalpa. A period during which a physical universe is formed and destroyed, 128\nK\u2019ang Hsi. Emperor; and Wang Tan, 131\u2013132\nKao Chio. See Shun-f\u00eang \u00carh\nKao Ming. See Ch\u2019ien-li Yen\nKhotan. Supposed origin of the Chinese in, 13, 15, 17\nKing-s. Multiple character of kingship, 28; the king the source of legislation and the administrator of justice, 29; king as high priest, 34\u201335; King of Hell, 120; the Four, of Heaven, 142; Four, of the Salt Waters, 212; Four, of the Sweet Waters, 212; as Gods of Medicine, 247\u2013248; the Dragon-kings, see Dragon-king-s\nKitchen-god. See Tsao Ch\u00fcn\nKite-flying. Season of, 45\nKnowledge, 54 sq.\nKo Hung. Author of Sh\u00ean hsien chuan; inventor of P\u2019an Ku legend, 79, 80\nKo-ai. Daughter of Kuan Yu; and the casting of the great bell of Peking, 396 sq.\nKu, Mr. And the fox-girl, 376 sq.\nKua. Brother of N\u00fc; at foot of K\u2019un-lun Mountains, 82\nKuan Chung. And Pao Shu, the Chinese types of friendship, 383 and n.\nKuan Lo. His connexion with Shou Hsing, 172\nKuan Ti, or Wu Ti. Title of the God of War, 117\nKuan Tz\u016d. A renowned statesman and sage of the Feudal Period; his cosmogony, 80\nKuan Yin, or Kuan Shih Yin. The Buddhist Goddess of Mercy; Tou Mu the equivalent of, in p. 439 Taoism, 144; and Shui-mu Niang-niang, 221\u2013222; attributes, etc., 251 sq.; throne of, on Pootoo (P\u2019u T\u2019o) Isle, 252; the Buddhist Saviour, 252\u2013253; and Sun Hou-tz\u016d, 333; and Sha Ho-shang, 334; and Chu Pa-chieh, 335; and the White Horse, 340\u2013341; and the Red Child Demon, 350 sq. See also Miao Shan\nKuan Y\u00fc. God of War, 113 sq.; and Chang Fei, 114 sq.; and Liu Pei, 114 sq.; deified, 117\nKuan Yu. A mandarin; and the casting of the great bell at Peking, 394 sq.\nKuang Ch\u2019\u00eang-tz\u016d. Mythical being who taught the attainment of immortality, also said to be an incarnation of Lao Tz\u016d; battle with To-pao Tao-j\u00ean, 133; fights against W\u00ean Chung, 161\nKuei. Name for demons, 103\nK\u2019uei. A star; palace of the God of Literature, 106 sq.\nK\u2019uei, or Chung K\u2019uei. As God of Literature, 106 sq.; as God of Exorcism, 248, 249\u2013250\nK\u2019uei Hsing. Distributor of literary degrees, 109, 110, 112\nK\u2019uei Niu. A monster resembling a buffalo, 133\nK\u2019un-lun Mountains. Supposed origin of the Chinese in, 13, 16; N\u00fc and Kua at foot of, 82; Hsi Wang Mu and, 137; Y\u00fc Shih resides in, 206\nKung. The Artisans; the third class of the people, 28\nK\u2019ung Hs\u00fcan. The one-eyed peacock; and Chun T\u2019i, 320\u2013321\nKung Kung. A feudatory prince; defeated by Chu Jung, 81; strikes his head against the Imperfect Mountain, 81\u201382\nKuo P\u2019o. Magician, 223\nKuo Tz\u016d-i. A God of Happiness, 170\nLa Mei. A flower; the three musical brothers and, 151\nLake. Of Gems, 137; legend of the origin of a, 405\u2013406\nLan Ts\u2019ai-ho. One of the Eight Immortals, 214, 303; legend of, 293\nLand. System of tenure of, 48; greater portion under cultivation, 49\u201350\nLang Ling. Disciple of Li T\u2019ieh-kuai, 289, 290\nLanguage, Chinese, 14; nature of, 56\u201357; written, 57\nLao Ch\u00fcn. See Lao Tz\u016d\nLao Tz\u016d. Called also Lao Ch\u00fcn, T\u2019ai-shang Lao-ch\u00fcn, and Sh\u00ean Pao; teacher, founder of Taoist system of philosophy; and monism, 87; his Tao-t\u00ea ching, 87; and tao, the \u2018Way,\u2019 87\u201388; third person of Taoist triad, 125; and Y\u00fc Huang, 132; battles with T\u2019ung-t\u2019ien Chiao-chu, 133, 321\u2013322; and Chuang Tz\u016d, 148\u2013149; fights with Ch\u2019iung Hsiao, 158; and Li T\u2019ieh-kuai, 289, 290; Sun Hou-tz\u016d steals pills of immortality from, 330; helps to capture Sun Hou-tz\u016d, 331\u2013332; distils Sun Hou-tz\u016d in his furnace, 331\u2013332\nLater Spirit Festival, 44\nLaw, The. In Buddhism, 149\nLaws. Character of early, 30; lex talionis, 30; legal codes, 30\u201331\nLegend-s. Mythology and, 74\u201375; of the One-legged Bird, 206\u2013207; of the Great Flood, 224\u2013225; of the building of Peking, 227 sq.; fox, 370 sq.; of the Unnatural People, 386 sq.; of the Pygmies, 386\u2013387; of the Giants, 387; of the Headless People, 387\u2013388; of the Armless People, 388; of the Long-armed People, 388\u2013389; of the Long-legged People, 389; of the One-eyed People, 389; of the One-armed People, 389, 391; of the One-legged People, 389; of the One-sided People, 389; of the Long-eared People, 389; of the Six-toed People, 389; of the Feathered People, 390; of the People of the Punctured Bodies, 390; of the Women\u2019s Kingdom, 390\u2013391; of the Flying Cart, p. 440 391; of the Expectant Wife, 391\u2013392; of the Wild Men, 392\u2013393; of the Jointed Snake, 393; of the great bell of Peking, 394 sq.; of the Cursed Temple, 398 sq.; of the Maniac\u2019s Mite, 401\u2013402; of the City-god of Yen Ch\u2019\u00eang, 402 sq.; of the origin of a lake, 405\u2013406; of creation, among Miao tribes, 406 sq.; of the South Branch, 410 sq.; of Jung tribe with heads of dogs, 419 sq.\nLei Ch\u00ean-tz\u016d. One of Wu Wang\u2019s marshals; attacks Ch\u2019ien-li Yen and Shun-f\u00eang \u00carh, 164; kills unicorn of W\u00ean Chung, 199; legend of, 202\u2013203; a Son of Thunder, 202; called W\u00ean Y\u00fc, 202; and Y\u00fcn Chung-tz\u016d, 202\u2013203\nLei Kung. Duke of Thunder, 198, 199\u2013200; and Garuda, 200; and Vajr\u00e2pani, 200; caught in the cleft of a tree, 200\u2013201; and the mysterious bottle, 202\nLei Tsu, or W\u00ean Chung. God of Thunder; agent to Y\u00fcan-shih T\u2019ien-tsun, 128; President of the Ministry of Thunder, 198\u2013199; description of, 198; origin of, 198\u2013199; and Ch\u2019ih Ching-tz\u016d, 199; and Y\u00fcn Chung-tz\u016d, 199; and Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, 199; confused with the Spirit of Thunder, 199\nLi. The Immaterial Principle; Chu Hsi and, 86\u201387; Chou Tz\u016d and, 87\n\u201cLi Chi.\u201d The classical Book of Ceremonial, 103\nLi Chin-cha. Eldest son of Li Ching, 305\nLi Ching, or Li T\u2019ien-wang. The Pagoda-bearer; his encounter with Ch\u2019ien-li Yen and Shun-f\u00eang \u00carh, 162 sq.; kills Lo Hs\u00fcan, 237; legend of, 305 sq.; receives golden pagoda, 319; is made Guardian of the Gate of Heaven, 319. See also Li T\u2019ien-wang\nLi Kuei-tsu. Known as Ts\u00eang-fu Hsiang-kung; a God of Happiness, 170\nLi Lao-ch\u00fcn. And Shui-mu Niang-niang, 221\nLi Mu-cha. Second son of Li Ching, 305, 317; duel with L\u00fc Y\u00fcen, 241\nLi No-cha. Third son of Li Ching; defends the Chou, 146; and T\u00eang Chiu-kung, 147; vanquishes F\u00eang Lin, 153; defeats Chang Kuei-fang, 153\u2013154; and Chiang Ts\u016d-ya, 154; fights and slays Ts\u2019ai-y\u00fcn Hsien-tz\u016d, 159\u2013160; fights with Ch\u2019ien-li Yen and Shun-f\u00eang \u00carh, 162; and Peking, 229; legend of, 305 sq.; frequently mentioned in Chinese romance, 305; an avatar of the Intelligent Pearl, 306; and Lung Wang, 307 sq.; and Ao Ping, 308\u2013309; discharges a magic arrow, 312; and Shih-chi Niang-niang, 312\u2013313; commits hara-kiri, 313\u2013314; temple built to, 314; his statue destroyed by his father, 315; consults his master, 316; is transformed, 316\u2013317; battles with his father, 317 sq.; is reconciled to his father, 318\u2013319\nLi P\u2019ing. Sixth officer of the Ministry of Epidemics, 242\nLi Shao-ch\u00fcn. And Tsao Ch\u00fcn, 166\u2013167\nLi Shih-min, Emperor; and legend of the five graduates, 243 sq.; and Chang T\u2019ien-shih, 243 sq.; visited by spirits of the graduates, 245\u2013246; canonizes the graduates, 246\nLi T\u2019ieh-kuai. One of the Eight Immortals, 214, 303; legends of, 289 sq.\nLi T\u2019ien-wang. And Sun Hou-tz\u016d, 331. See also Li Ching\n\u201cLiao Chai Chih I.\u201d Seventeenth-century work; and fox-legends, 370\u2013371\nLibraries. See Accessory Institutions\nLieh Tz\u016d, or Lieh Y\u00fc-k\u2019ou. A philosopher, by some regarded as fictitious; Chinese mythology and, 72; his Absolute, 90\u201391; apotheosized, 148\nLieh Y\u00fc-k\u2019ou. See Lieh Tz\u016d\nLightning. Mother of, 203; and the yin and the yang, 203\u2013204; myths of, 203\u2013204; Spirit of, 203\u2013204\nLing Ch\u00ean-tz\u016d. Gives the Bird of Dawn to Sh\u00ean I, 187\nLing Hs\u00fc. Dragon-king, 218\u2013219 p. 441\nLing-pao T\u2019ien-tsun, or Tao Ch\u00fbn. Second person of Taoist triad, 124\nLion, The Green, 283, 284, 285\u2013286\nList of Promotions to Immortals. Given to Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, 154; Tz\u016d-ya builds F\u00eang Sh\u00ean T\u2019ai for, 154, 157\nLiterary Degrees. K\u2019uei Hsing distributor of, 110\nLiterary Examinations. Means of appointment to office, 29\nLiterature. Gods of, 104 sq., 299; W\u00ean Ch\u2019ang and the Great Bear, 105 sq.; palace of God of, 106; God of War as God of, 113 sq.; Chinese, 408 sq.\nLiu Ch\u2019in. Minister of Miao Chuang, 277, 279\u2013280, 282\nLiu Hs\u00fcan Te. See Liu Pei\nLiu Hung. Murderer of Ch\u2019en Kuang-jui, 336\u2013337\nLiu I. And the Dragon-king\u2019s daughter, 217 sq.\nLiu Pei, Liu Hs\u00fcan T\u00ea, or Hsien Chu. Hawker of straw shoes, and founder of the Shu Han dynasty; and Kuan Y\u00fc, 114 sq.\nLiu Po-w\u00ean. Taoist priest; and Chu-ti, 228 sq.\nLiving, Worship of the, 101\nLo Ching Hsin. See Y\u00fcan-shih T\u2019ien-tsun\nLo Hs\u00fcan, or Huo-t\u00ea Hsing-ch\u00fcn. Originally Yen-chung Hsien; President of the Ministry of Fire, 236\u2013237; description of, 236; burns Hsi Ch\u2019i, 236\u2013237\nLo Y\u00fc. First name of P\u2019o Chia (Miao Chuang), 253\nLong-armed People. Legend of, 388\u2013389\nLong-eared People. Legend of, 389\nLong-legged People. Legend of, 389\nLongevity, God of. See Shou Hsing\nLotus Cave, The, 345 sq.\nLu Ch\u2019i. Legend of, and Princess T\u2019ai Yin, 110\u2013111; appointed Minister of the Empire, 111\nL\u00fc Shang. See Chiang Tz\u00fc-ya\nL\u00fc Tung-pin, or L\u00fc Yen. One of the Eight Immortals, 288, 292,296, 300, 301, 303; legends of, 297 sq.\nLu Tung-shih. Follower of Ch\u2019in Shih Huang-ti; draws portrait of the God of the Sea, 213; results of his offence, 214\nL\u00fc Y\u00fceh. President of the Ministry of Epidemics, 241; legend of, 241\u2013242; in battle at Hsi Ch\u2019i 241; his duel with Mu-cha, 241; in battle with Huang T\u2019ien-hua 241; Chiang Tz\u016d-ya and, 241; and the magic umbrellas, 241\u2013242; Yang Chien and, 242; Yang J\u00ean and, 242\nL\u00fc Yen. See L\u00fc Tung-pin\nLung Chi. Princess; saves city of Hsi Ch\u2019i from fire, 237\nLung N\u00fc. Becomes pupil of Miao Shan, 274; canonized, 287\nLung Wang. Dragon-king of the Eastern Sea; his son saved by Miao Shan, 273\u2013274; and No-cha, 307 sq.; and Sun Hou-tz\u016d, 328\u2013329; saves Ch\u2019Sn Kuang-jui, 339\u2013340\nMa T\u2019ien-jung. His fox-friend and his marriage, 372 sq.\nMa Y\u00fcan-shuai. Generalissimo Ma, a three-eyed monster, 207\nMa-t\u2019ou Niang. \u2018Lady with the Horse\u2019s Head,\u2019 See Ts\u2019an N\u00fc\nMagic. Gourd, 347; rope, 348; circle, 357\u2013358; Fire-quenching Fan, 359 sq.\nMagicians. T\u2019u Hsing-sun, 147; Ch\u00fc Liu-sun, 147; Kuo P\u2019o, 223; Yang J\u00ean, 242; Yeh Fa-shan, 294\u2013295\nMahayanistic Buddhism, 118\nMaitr\u00eaya. Mi-lo Fo; the successor of Sh\u00e2kyamuni, 120\nManchu-s. Extent of China at time of conquest by, 18; conquer China, 28; symbol of dragon on flag, 28\nManchuria. As part of China, 27\nManiac\u2019s Mite. Legend of the, 401\u2013402\nMao \u00carh-chieh. Chu Pa-chieh and, 335\nMaritchi. See Tou Mu p. 442\nMarriage, 22 sq.; concubinage, 22\u201323; age for, 23; matchmaker or go-between, 23; divorce, 23; remarriage, 23\u201324; changes in ceremonial of, 24\u201325; object of, 24; of the gods, 99; of the River-god, 225 sq.\nMaruta. Vedic storm-demons, 198\nMeasures, Weights and, 49\nMedicine. Primitive knowledge of, 55\u201356; Ministry of, 246\u2013247; Gods of, 247\u2013248\nM\u00ean Sh\u00ean. Gods of the Door, 165, 172 sq.; legend of, 172 sq.; Sh\u00ean Shu and Y\u00fb L\u00fb as, 173; Ch\u2019in Shu-pao and Hu Ching-t\u00ea as, 173\u2013174; Wei Ch\u00eang and, 174\nMencius, M\u00eang K\u2019o, or M\u00eang Tz\u016d. Teacher and philosopher; his cosmogony, 80; and the First Cause, 90\nM\u00eang K\u2019o. See Mencius\nM\u00eang Tz\u016d. See Mencius\nMerchants. Shang; the fourth class of the people, 28\nMercy, Goddess of. See Kuan Yin and Miao Shan\nMi-lo. A river; Ch\u2019\u00fc Y\u00fcan drowns himself in, 152\nMi-lo Fo. Maitr\u00eaya; the successor of Sh\u00e2kyamuni, 120\nMiao. Creation legends of the, 406 sq.; legend of the tailed tribes, 422 n.\nMiao Chi. A Taoist priest; and T\u2019ai I, 142\u2013143\nMiao Ch\u2019ing. Daughter of Miao Chuang, 257; marries Chao K\u2019uei, 258; canonized, 286\nMiao Chuang, or P\u2019o Chia. First name Lo Y\u00fc; kinglet of Hsi Y\u00fc, 253; Hsing Lin kingdom of, 253; Chao Ch\u00ean minister to, 253; Ch\u2019u Chieh general to, 253; Pao T\u00ea (Po Ya) Queen of, 253; prays for a son, 253\u2013254; birth of daughters to, 256\u2013257; exiles Miao Shan, 260; orders destruction of the Nunnery of the White Bird, 264; orders death of Miao Shan, 265 sq.; is punished for burning the nunnery, 274 sq.; is healed by Miao Shan, 276 sq.; conspiracy against, 277 sq.; goes to Hsiang Shan, 283; his repentance, 284 sq.; canonized, 287\nMiao Shan, Daughter of Miao Chuang, 257; her ambition, 257\u2013258; her renunciation, 258 sq.; at the Nunnery of the White Bird, 261 sq.; worships Buddha, 262; receives spiritual aid, 262\u2013263; saves the nunnery, 264; her execution ordered, 265 sq.; visits the infernal regions, 267\u2013268; makes Hell a paradise, 268; her virtue is tested, 269; and Ju Lai, 269\u2013270; attains to perfection, 271; becomes a Buddha, 271, 286; and Shan Ts\u2019ai, 271 sq.; tests Shan Ts\u2019ai\u2019s fidelity, 272\u2013273; sends help to son of Lung Wang, 273\u2013274; disguises herself as a priest-doctor, 275 sq.; suffers in order that her father may be cured, 277, 279 sq.; defeats conspiracy of the King\u2019s sons-in-law, 278\u2013279. See also Kuan Yin\nMiao Yin. Daughter of Miao Chuang, 257; marries Ho F\u00eang, 258; canonized, 286\nMid-autumn Festival (All Souls\u2019-Day), 35, 44\u201345\nMiddle Kingdom. A term for the Chinese Empire, 29\nMiddle Spirit Festival, 44\nMilitary System. In primitive times, 32\u201333; in relation to the ruler, 33; weapons, 33; standing armies, 33; changes in, 33\u201334\nMinistry-ies. Of Agriculture, 50\u201351; celestial, 164, 198\u2013199; of Epidemics, 240\u2013241; of Exorcism, 248; of Fire, 236; of Medicine, 246\u2013247; of Smallpox, 246\u2013247; of Thunder and Storms, 198; of Time, 194; of Waters, 212\nMing Huang. Emperor; and Hs\u00fc Hao, 249\u2013250\nMo Ti. See Mo Tz\u016d\nMo Tz\u016d, Mu Tz\u016d, or Mo Ti A philosopher; and creation, 89\u201390; apotheosized, 148\nMo-li. The Four Diamond Kings of Heaven, 120 sq.\nMohammedans. Represented in Chinese Republican flag, 28\nMonarchical Period. Duration of, 18; marriage in, 24; establishment of, 27; administrative system in, 29; appointment to p. 443 office in, 29; funeral rites in, 40\u201341\nMongolia. A dependency of China, 27\nMongols. Their rule over China, 21\nMonism. Transition to, from dualism, 85\u201386; Chu Hsi and, 86\u201387; Lao Tz\u016d and, 87\u201388\nMonkey. Becomes a god, 325 sq.\nMoon. P\u2019an Ku and the, 77\u201378; influences terrestrial events, 176; symbol of the, 176; hare in the, 176, 179; worship of the, 176; Sh\u00ean I visits the, 187\u2013188\nMoon-queen. See Ch\u2019ang \u00d4\nMother. The Earth-mother, 82, 109\u2013110, 165; Golden, of the Tortoise, 136; Bushel\u2014see Tou Mu; of Heaven, 150; Old, of the Waters, 220 sq.\nMountain-s. Sacrifices offered on T\u2019ai Shan, 127; \u2018the Five,\u2019 Wu Y\u00fceh, 242; Hua Shan, sacred, 253; monkey under the, 345\u2013346\nMourning. Methods of, 40\nMu Kung, Tung Wang Kung, or Tung-hua Ti-ch\u00fcn. God of the Immortals, 136; how formed, 136; and yang principle, 136; sovereign of the Eastern Air, 136\u2013137; his servants, Hsien T\u2019ung and Y\u00fc N\u00fc, 136; and Sh\u00ean I, 185\u2013186. See also Tung Wang Kung\nMu Tz\u016d. See Mo Tz\u016d\nMu-cha. See Li Mu-cha\nMulberry-trees. Goddess of, 169\nMutilations. Practised by the Chinese, 38\u201339\nMythology, 60 sq.; definition of, 60; Chinese rigidity and, 61, 63\u201364; intellect and, 61; effect of Confucianism on, 61\u201362; influence of religion on, 62\u201363; effect of Buddhism on, 62\u201363; history and, 63; character of Chinese, 67\u201368, 423; sources of Chinese, 69 sq.; doubt and, 73\u201374; legend and, 74\u201375; parallelisms between Chinese and Hebrew, 79 n.; cosmogony and, 92\nMyth-s. Prerequisites to, 64 sq.; periods fertile in, 68\u201369; phases of, 71 sq.; Sung philosophers and, 73; a nature myth, 133; myths of the stars, 176 sq.; of time, 194 sq.; of thunder, 198 sq.; of lightning, 203\u2013204; of wind, 204\u2013205; of rain, 205 sq.; of the waters, 208; of fire, 236 sq.; of epidemics, medicine, exorcism, etc., 240 sq.; effect of philosophy on, 423\nNagas. Mountain dragons, 208\nNails. See Finger-nails\nNameless. Universe originated from, 91\n\u201cNan K\u2019o M\u00eang.\u201d Dream of the South Branch; story of, 410 sq.\nNan-chi Hsien-w\u00eang. Ancient Immortal of the South Pole, 154; helps Chiang Tz\u016d-ya against Sh\u00ean Kung-pao, 156\u2013157; orders White Crane Youth to seize Sh\u00ean Kung-pao\u2019s head, 156; has it restored, 157; reproves Sh\u00ean Kung-pao, 157; fights with Chang Shao, 158\u2013159\nNature Myth. Y\u00fc Huang and a, 133\nNavy. Modern Chinese, 34\nNeptune, The Chinese. See Dragon-king-s\nNew Territory. See Sinkiang\nNew Year. Festival of, 43\nNew Year\u2019s Eve. Festival of, 45\nNiang-tz\u016d. And the origin of the Liang-ti Lake, 405\u2013406\nNiu Huang. Ox-yellow, or bezoar, 146\nNo-cha. See Li No-cha\nNorth Star. Goddess of the\u2014see Tou Mu\nN\u00fc. First woman, 82\nN\u00fc Hsi. See N\u00fc Kua\nN\u00fc Kua Shih, N\u00fc Hsi, or N\u00fc Wa. A mythical sovereign, one of the alleged progenitors of the Chinese race; sister and successor of Fu Hsi, 16, 81\u201382; repairer of the heavens, 72, 81\u201382, 224\u2013225; description of, 81; N\u00fc and Kua legend, 82\nN\u00fc Wa. See N\u00fc Kua\nNung. The Agriculturists; the second class of the people, 28 p. 444\n\u00d4-Mei Shan. Mountain in Sa\u016d-ch\u2019uan, 171, 179, 180\nO-mi-t\u2019o Fo. Amida, Amita, Buddha; the guide who conducts to the Western Paradise, 120\nOath in the Peach-orchard, The, 114 sq.\nOfficers. Shih; the first class of the people in early times, 28\nOfficials. Ch\u2019\u00ean; a social division, 28\nOne, The Great. First of the celestial spirits, 142\u2013143\nOne-eyed People, 389\nOne-legged Bird, 206\nOne-legged People, 389\nOne-sided People, 389\nOrigin-s. Of the Chinese race, 13 sq.; of name China, 27; of worship, 93; of deification, 93; of T\u2019ien, 94; the Three Origins, 125, and see also San Y\u00fcan, Shun, Yao, and Y\u00fc; legend of origin of a lake, 405\u2013406; origin of dog-worship of Jung tribe, 422\nOther Self. Idea of the, 93, 97 sq. See also Second Self\nOtherworld. Parallel to this world, 93\u201394; populous, 93\nOx-yellow. See Niu Huang\nOx-head, King. Father of the Red Child Demon; Sun Hou-tz\u016d and, 351, 358 sq.\nPa Hsien. The Eight Immortals venerated by the Taoist sect; and the Dragon-king Ao Ch\u2019in, 214 sq.; and Ao Ch\u2019in\u2019s son, 215; favourite subjects of romance and frequently represented, 288; term used figuratively for happiness, 288; legend of, probably belongs to Y\u00fcan dynasty, 288; Li T\u2019ieh-kuai, 289 sq.; Chung-li Ch\u2019\u00fcan, 291\u2013292, 297\u2013298; Lan Ts\u2019ai-ho, 293; Chang Kuo, 294\u2013295; Ho Hsien-ku, 296\u2013297; L\u00fc Tung-pin, 297 sq.; Han Hsiang Tz\u016d, 299\u2013300; Ts\u2019ao Kuo-chiu, 300 sq.; legend of the Eight Immortals crossing the sea, 303\u2013304\nPa Kua. The Eight Trigrams; W\u00ean Wang uses, to divine the flesh of his son, 193; discovered by Fu Hsi, 247\u2013248\nPa-ch\u2019a. God of Grasshoppers, 165\nPagoda-bearer, The. Li Ching, 237, 305 sq.\nPai Ma. The White Horse of the Hsi yu chi; Sun Hou-tz\u016d and, 340; son of Dragon-king of the Western Sea, 340\u2013341; Kuan Yin and, 340\u2013341; changed into a horse, 341; journeys with the Master to the Western Paradise, 341 sq.; bearer of the sacred books, 341; Temple of the White Horse, 341; his reward, 368\nPalace. Of God of Literature, 106; of Hsi Wang Mu, 137; Sh\u00ean I builds, for Chin Mu, 183\u2013184; of the sun, conferred on Sh\u00ean I, 185\u2013186\nP\u2019an Ku. Mythical being, alleged first development out of Chaos and fashioner of the universe, the Chinese Adam; myths of, 76 sq.; creator of the universe, 76 sq.; origin of, 76; meaning of name, 76; representations of, 76; death of, 77; and the sun, 77\u201378; and the moon, 77\u201378; with head of a dragon, 78; with body of a serpent, 78; Ymer and, 79; a late creation, 79\u201380; date of legend of, 92; Y\u00fcan-shih T\u2019ien-wang an avatar of, 128 sq.; and T\u2019ai Y\u00fcan, 129\u2013130; a God of Medicine, 247\nP\u2019an Kuan. God of Exorcism, 248; administrator of the infernal regions, 248, 268, 274\nP\u2019an-t\u2019ao Hui. Feast of Peaches, 137\u2013138\nPao Lao-yeh. Imperial Censor; and Ts\u2019ao Ching-chih and Ts\u2019ao Ching-hsiu, 302\u2013303\nPao Shu. Kuan Chung and, the Chinese types of friendship, 383 and n.\nPao T\u00ea. Maiden name Po Ya; Queen of Miao Chuang, 253 sq.; canonized, 287 p. 445\nPao Y\u00fceh. In legend of Y\u00fc Huang, 132\u2013133\nPastors. Also called Lord-Lieutenants; the chief of the nobles in a province, 29\nPatriarch-s. Of Buddhism, 120; T\u2019ung-t\u2019ien Chiao-chu, 133, 191\nPeaches. Feast of, 137\u2013138; Chang Tao-ling and the plucking of the, 140\u2013141\nPeach-orchard, The Oath in the, 114 sq.\nPearl, The Intelligent. See Li No-cha\nPearly Emperor. Y\u00fc Huang; Chang Tao-ling Vicegerent of, 141\nPeking. Capital of China; Shun-t\u2019ien Fu, originally Yu Chou; Pei-p\u2019ing Fu in T\u2019ang dynasty; legend of the building of, 227 sq.; Prince Chu-ti and, 228 sq.; Liu Po-w\u00ean and the founding of, 228 sq.; to be called No-cha Ch\u2019\u00eang, 229; description of, 230\u2013231; prosperity of, 231\u2013232; the dragons and the drought in, 232 sq.\nPeople, Four Classes of the, 28\nPerfect Man. See Ch\u00ean-j\u00ean\nPeriod of the Warring States. Mythology in, 72\n\u201cPermutations, Book of.\u201d See I Ching\nPestilence. Demons of, subdued by the three musical brothers, 151\nPets. Kinds kept, 47\nPhilosophers. Of the Sung Period, and mythology, 73; apotheosized, 148\nPhilosophy. Effect of Chinese, on mythology, 423\nPi Fang. Mysterious bird belonging to Hui Lu, 239\nPi Hsiang-yang. Attacks Han Chih-hsien, 159\nPi Hsiao. Sister of Ch\u2019iung Hsiao; killed by Y\u00fcan-shih, 158\nP\u2019i-lu Fo. See P\u2019i-lu Hsien and Vairotchana\nP\u2019i-lu Hsien, or P\u2019i-lu Fo. An Immortal; and Chun T\u2019i, 324; becomes a Buddha, 324\nPiao. See Shao\nPig Fairy of the \u201cHsi Yu Chi,\u201d 326 sq.\nPills of Immortality. And vital force, 135; Chang Tao-ling and, 139, 140; Sh\u00ean I and, 184\u2013185; H\u00eang \u00d4 and, 184\u2013185\nPitch-pot. A game, 45\nPlanet-s. Influence terrestrial events, 176; abodes of stellar divinities, 192; Jupiter and T\u2019ai Sui, 194\nPneuma. Ch\u2019i; one of the elements of creation, 90\nP\u2019o Chia. Name of King Miao Chuang, 253\nPo I-k\u2019ao. Stellar deity of Tz\u016d-wei constellation, 192; eldest son of W\u00ean Wang, 192; and Ta Chi, 192\u2013193; canonized, 194\nPo Shih. And legend of Ch\u2019in Shin Huang-ti\u2019s visit to the Spirit of the Sea, 212 sq.\nPo Ya. Maiden name of Pao T\u00ea, 253\nPole, Pivot of the. Tou Shu; a palace, 144\nPolitical History. Summary of, 27\u201328\nPolyandry, 23\nPolydemonism. Great extent of, 93\nPolytheism. Great extent of, 93\u201394, 174\u2013175\nPootoo Island. See P\u2019u T\u2019o Island\nPopulation. In early times, 27; in Manchu Period, 28\nPresents. Ceremonial governing giving of, 42\nPriest-s. Wu, or exorcists, 34\u201335; first, 34; king as high, 34; held in low esteem, 36\nPriesthood. In Buddhism, 119\nPrimary Matter. See Ch\u2019i\nPrinces of States, 29\nPrincess of the Golden Stem. Ch\u2019un-y\u00fc F\u00ean marries, 412 sq.\nProducts. Processes of production, 48; habitations, 57\u201358; food, 58; clothing, 58; land-works, 58\u201359; implements and weapons, 59; \u00e6sthetic products, 59\nProfessional Institutions, 36\nProstitution, 24\nProvinces. Administrative divisions of the country, 28\u201329\nP\u2019u-t\u2019i Tsu-shih. Immortal; becomes master of Sun Hou-tz\u016d, 327 p. 446\nP\u2019u T\u2019o Island, or Pootoo. Throne of Kuan Yin on, 252; Miao Shan goes to, 270\nPunctured Bodies. Legend of People of the, 390\nPunishments. Nature of legal, 30; lex talionis, 30; codes of, 30 sq.; changes made by Provisional Criminal Code, 31\u201332; of the gods, 99\nRain. Myths of, 205 sq.; the Master of, 205\u2013206 Red Child Demon. In Hsi yu chi, 350 sq., 359\nRed Country. See Ss\u016d Ha Li Kuo\nRed Sand Battle, 158 sq.\nRedcoat, Mr. Purveyor of official posts; companion of W\u00ean Ch\u2019ang, 110 sq.\nReincarnation. Of Chuang Chou, 149\nReligious Ideas. Nature of Chinese,52; Confucianism, 52, 53; State religion, 52; Taoism, 52\u201353; Buddhism, 53; influence of, on mythology, 62\u201463; Chinese religion not a monotheism, 97; the Three Religions, 99 sq.; of the learned, 102\nRepublic. Races represented in flag of, 28\nRepublican Period. Marriage in, 24\u201325; administrative system in, 30\nRevenue. Whence derived, 29\nRiver-s. Ch\u2019ien-t\u2019ang, chief God of, 218\u2013219; marriage of River-god, 225 sq.\nRope, The Magic, 348\nSacrifice-s. To Shang Ti, 95; to T\u2019ai Sui, 194. See also F\u00eang-shan\nSaint-s. See Sh\u00eang-j\u00ean\nS\u2019\u00e2kyamuni, See Sh\u00e2kyamuni\nSamgha. S\u00eang Pao; the Priesthood in Buddhism, 119\nSan Ch\u2019ing. The three Heavens of Taoism, 124\u2013125\nSan Kuan. The Three Agents,125; San Kuan Ta Ti, 125; T\u2019ai Shang San Kuan, 125; sons of Dragon-king\u2019s daughters, 126\n\u201cSan Kuo Chih,\u201d The Story of the Three Kingdoms; an historical romance, 117 sq.\nSan Pao. The Three Precious Things, or Treasures\u2014Buddha, the Law, and the Priesthood, 119\nSan Y\u00fcan. The Three Origins,125; and the divisions of the year, 126; \u2018the Three True Sovereigns, Guests of the Kingdom of Wu,\u2019 127\nScholars. Shih; the first class of the people, 28\nSchools. See Accessory Institutions\nSciences, Little cultivated until modern times, 54 sq.\nSea. Dragon-kings of the, 210\u2013211, 212; Yang Hou, Spirit of the, 212 sq.; legend of the Eight Immortals crossing the, 303\u2013304\nSeasons. Festivals of the, 44\nSecond Self. And worship of the living, 101, See also Other Self\nS\u00eang Pao. Samgha; the Priesthood or Church, one of the San Pao of Buddhism, 119\nSentiments, \u00c6sthetic and Moral, 51\u201352\nSha Ho-shang, or Sha Wu-ching. A priest in the Hsi yu chi, 326; and Kuan Yin, 3341 baggage coolie to Hsian Chuang, 334\u2013335; journeys with the Master, 341 sq.; his reward, 368\nSha Wu-ching. See Sha Ho-shang\nShakya, or S\u2019\u00e2kya. Same as S\u2019\u00e2kyamuni Buddha, Shih-chia Fo, Gautama, 119. See Sh\u00e2kyamuni\nSh\u00e2kyamuni, S\u2019\u00e2kyamuni, or Shih-chia Fo. The name used in Chinese literature for Gautama Buddha, 119; and Kuan Yin, 251 p. 447\n\u201cShan Hai Ching.\u201d The Hill and River Classic, 386\nShan Ts\u2019ai. And Miao Shan, 271 sq.; his fidelity tested, 272 sq.; transformation of, 273; canonized, 287\nShang. The Merchants; the fourth class of the people, 28\nShang Ti. The Supreme Ruler, 94; and Ti, 94; worship of, 94\u201395; sacrifices to, 95; confused with T\u2019ien, 96\u201397; confers on Chuang Chou the kingdom of Jupiter, 150\nShang Yang. Legend of the, 206\u2013207\nShao, or Piao. Part of the constellation of the Great Bear, 106\nSh\u00ea-chi. Gods of the Soil and Crops, 165\nSh\u00ea-mo Wang. Gods of Serpents, 165\nSh\u00ean. Name for gods, 103\nSh\u00ean Ch\u00ean-j\u00ean. And T\u2019ai Sui, 195\n\u201cSh\u00ean Hsien Chuan.\u201d Biographies of the Gods, by Ko Hung, 79\nSh\u00ean I. The Divine Archer Ch\u2019ih-chiang Tz\u016d-y\u00fc, 180\u2013181 and the Emperor Yao, 180 sq. and Fei Lien, 181, 204\u2013205; shoots the nine false suns, 181\u2013182; marries the sister of the Water-spirit, 182; canonized, 183; builds a palace for Chin Mu, 183\u2013184; and the pill of immortality, 184\u2013185; kills Chisel-tooth, 184; receives the sun-palace, 185\u2013186; and the Bird of Dawn, 186\u2013187; visits the moon, 187\u2013188\nSh\u00ean Kung-pao. Meets Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, 155; tempts Chiang Tz\u016d-ya to desert Chou, 155; his power to separate his head from his body, 155; discards his head, 156; his head taken by Ancient Immortal of the South Pole, 156\u2013157; obtains his head again, 157\nSh\u00ean Lang. Hs\u00fc Ch\u00ean-ch\u00fcn and, 223\u2013224\nSh\u00ean Nung, or Ti Huang Shih. A legendary emperor, 81, 247; and T\u2019ai I, 143; as God of Agriculture, 143, 165, 239; as God of Fire (Huo Ti, Yen Ti), 239; as God of Medicine, 247\nSh\u00ean Pao, or Lao Tz\u016d. Third person of Taoist triad, 125\nSh\u00ean Shih. The Gentry; a social division, 28\nSh\u00ean Shu. A Door-god, 173. See M\u00ean Sh\u00ean\nSh\u00eang-j\u00ean. Superhuman beings, saints, 125, 136\nShih. Officers, later Scholars; the first class of the people, 28\nShih Chin. Second son of Shih Ch\u2019in-ch\u2019ang, 255\nShih Ch\u2019in-ch\u2019ang. Father of the sons reborn as daughters of Queen Po Ya, 255\nShih Shan. Third son of Shih Ch\u2019in-ch\u2019ang, 255\nShih W\u00ean. Eldest son of Shih Ch\u2019in-ch\u2019ang, 255\nShih-chi Niang-niang. And No-cha, 312\u2013313\nShih-chia Fo. See Sh\u00e2kyamuni\nShou Hsing, or Hsien W\u00eang. The God of Longevity, 165, 171\u2013172; at first a stellar deity, 171\u2013172; as an old man, 172; legend of, 172; and the Eight Immortals, 214; and Chu Jung, 238\nShu Y\u00fc. See M\u00ean Sh\u00ean\nShui. Water; and deliverance from evil, 125\u2013126\nShui Kuan. Ruler of the Watery Elements, 216\nShui-mu Niang-niang. Old Mother of the Waters; legend of, 220 sq.; and Sun Hou-tz\u016d, 221\u2013222; and Kuan Yin, 221\u2013222\nShun. Successor of the great Emperor Yao; with Yao and Y\u00fc as the Three Origins, 126\u2013127\nShun-f\u00eang \u00carh, or Kao Chio. Favourable-wind Ear, 161 sq.; general of tyrant Chou, 161\u2013162; encounters with No-cha, Yang Chien, Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, Li Ching, and Lei Ch\u00ean-tz\u016d, 162 sq.; defeat of, 163\u2013164; searches for heir to Miao Chuang, 254\u2013255\nSilkworms, Goddess of, 169\nSin. By the gods, 99\nSinkiang. The New Territory, or Eastern Turkestan; a dependency of China, 27\nSlavery. Unknown in early times, recognized in Monarchical Period, 48\nSlow-carts Country. In Hsi yu chi, 352 sq.\nSmallpox. God of, 175; Ministry of, 246\u2013247; prevalence of, in China, 246\u2013247\nSnake, The Jointed. Legend of, 393\nSnuff. Use of, 47\nSnorter. See Ch\u00eang Lung\nSocial Intercourse, Laws of. Ceremonial observances, 42\u201343; ranks, how distinguished, 42; visits, 42; forms of address, 42; presents, 42; a source of misunderstanding between East and West, 42\u201343\nSociological Environment, 20\u201321\nSoil, Gods of the, 165\nSolitary Indeterminate. See I Tu\nSolstices. Festivals of the, 44\nSombre Youth. See Heaven-deaf\nSoul. Recalling the, 39\u201340; birth of the, 93\nSoul-tablet, 40\n\u201cSouth Branch, Dream of the.\u201d Nan k\u2019o m\u00eang; story of, 410 sq.\nSovereign-s. The Three True\u2014 see San Y\u00fcan; of the Eastern Air, 136\u2013137; of the Western Air, 137; the nine Human\u2014see J\u00ean Huang\nSpiders. Sun Hou-tz\u016d and the, 364\nSpine, Deformed in infancy to produce a scholarly stoop, 37\nSpirit-s. Festivals, 44; T\u2019ien the abode of the, 95\u201396; the Great One, the Great Unity, 142\u2013143; an ox-spirit, 146; Spirit of the Blue Dragon Star, 146; of the White Tiger Star, 148; Spirit-boat, 151; of \u00d4-mei Shan\u2014see T\u2019ai-i Huang-j\u00ean; Spirit of the Waters, 182, and see Ho Po; Spirit of Lightning, 203\u2013204; dragons regarded as spirits of the waters, 208; Spirit of the Sea, 212 sq.; of the Well, 217; of the North Star, 262\u2013263, 270; of the South Pole Star, 329, 337\nSs\u016d Ha Li Kuo. The Red Country, 359\nSs\u016d Ta T\u2019ian-wang. The Four Kings of Heaven; Taoist reflection of Chin-kang, 142\nSs\u016d Tu. The Four Kings of the Sweet Water Department, 212\nSs\u016d-ma Ch\u00eang. Author of Historical Records; his account of N\u00fc Kua, 81\u201382\nStar-s. Myths of the, 176 sq.; star-worship, 188\u2013189; star-ruler, 189; effects of worship of, 189\nStar-god-s. The Great Bear, 106 sq.; the God of Literature a star-god, 106 sq.; T\u2019ai I, 144; Bushel Mother, 144\u2013145; Blue Dragon, 146; White Tiger, 148; Ts\u2019an N\u00fc, 169; the God of Happiness, 169\u2013170; the God of Longevity, 171\u2013172; Leo, \u2018Throne of the Five Emperors\u2019 in, 176; the Cycle-gods, 177; Chang Hsien, 177 sq.; the Heavenly Dog, 177\u2013178; Po I-k\u2019ao, 192 sq.; God of the Wind, 204; \u2018the Five Mountains,\u2019 242\u2013243\nStarting, The Great. T\u2019ai ch\u2019u, 90\nStates. Parts of provinces in early times, 29; power of princes of, 29\nStorms, Ministry of, 198\n\u201cStory of the Three Kingdoms,\u201d See San Kuo Chih\nSubstance. Chih; one of the elements of creation, 90\nSum\u00earu. The central mountain or axis of the universe in Hindu mythology, 16; called Hs\u00fc-mi Shan in Chinese, 142\nSun-s. P\u2019an Ku and the, 77\u201378; influences terrestrial events, 176; symbol of the, 176; worship of, 176\u2013177, 179; the nine false, 181\u2013182; palace of the, conferred on Sh\u00ean I, 186\nSun Hou-tz\u016d. See Sun Wu-k\u2019ung\nSun Wu-k\u2019ung, or Sun Hou-tz\u016d. The Monkey Fairy in the Hsi yu chi; and Shui-mu Niang-niang,221\u2013222; represents human nature, 325; various names of, 326; born on Hua-kuo Shan, 326\u2013327; Y\u00fc Huang and, 327 sq.; his rod of iron, 328; Grand Master of the Heavenly Stables, 329; Grand Superintendent of p. 449 the Heavenly Peach-garden, 329\u2013330; acquires double immortality, 330; and T\u2019ien Kou, 331; distilled in Lao Ch\u00fcn\u2019s furnace, 331\u2013332; in jumping competition with Buddha, 332\u2013333; and Kuan Yin, 333; journeys to the Western Paradise with the Master, 341 sq.; and the Demons of the Lotus Gave, 345 sq.; saves the Master, 345 sq., 352, 358 sq., 363\u2013364, 365\u2013366; and the Red Child Demon, 350 sq.; and the Demons of Blackwater River, 352; in Slow-carts Country, 352 sq.; in the Buddhist temple, 364\u2013365; returns home, 367 sq.; canonized, 368\nSun-king. T\u2019ai-yang Ti-ch\u00fcn, or Jih-kung Ch\u2019ih-chiang; 179; and legend of Ch\u2019ih-chiang Tz\u016d-y\u00fc, 179 sq.; legend of the\u2014see Ch\u2019ih-chiang Tz\u016d-y\u00fc and Sh\u00ean I\nSung Dynasty. Philosophers of, and mythology, 73\nSuper-tao. Chuang Tz\u016d\u2019s, 91\nSuperstition-s, 53\u201354; f\u00eang-shui, 54, 209; astrological, 176\nSupreme Ruler. See Shang Ti\nTa Chi. The barbarous concubine of Chou Hsin, the last ruler of the Shang dynasty; and Po I-k\u2019ao, 192\u2013193; and W\u00ean Wang, 193; and T\u2019ai Sui, 195\u2013196\nTa Y\u00fc. See Y\u00fc\nTai. A rich family murdered by Wang Ch\u00ea, 255\nT\u2019ai Chi. The Grand Terminus; the producer of the two elementary forms, 85\nT\u2019ai Chi T\u2019u. The Plan of the Grand Terminus; explanation of, 86; and Chinese cosmogony, 92. See also Chou Tz\u016d\nT\u2019ai Ch\u2019u. The Great Starting, 90\nT\u2019ai I. The Great Change, 90; the Great One, Great Unity, the first of the celestial spirits, 142 sq.; and Sh\u00ean Nung, 143; Hsien Y\u00fcan\u2019s medical preceptor, 143; Spirit of the Pole Star, 144. See also T\u2019ai-i Ch\u00ean-j\u00ean\nT\u2019ai Shan. Sacred mountain; F\u00eang-shan sacrifices offered on, 127\nT\u2019ai Shih. The Great Beginning, 90\nT\u2019ai Su. The Great Blank; one of the stages in creation, 90\nT\u2019ai Sui. Called Yin Chiao; the celestial year-spirit, 194 sq.; sacrifices to, 194; corresponds to the planet Jupiter, 194; legend of, 195\u2013196; son of tyrant Chou, 195; and Ho Hsien-ku, 195; and Ta Chi, 195\u2013196; canonized by Y\u00fc Ti, 196; and Jan T\u00eang, 196; canonized by Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, 196; worship of, 196\u2013197; divination of locality of, 197\nT\u2019ai Tsung. Emperor; and the Door-gods, 173\u2013174\nT\u2019ai Yin. Princess; and Lu Ch\u2019i, 110\u2013111\nT\u2019ai-i Ch\u00ean-j\u00ean. Taoist priest, 144, 305 sq.; appears in a dream to Yin Shih, 305; visits Li No-cha, 306; Li No-cha visits, 310\u2013311, 316\nT\u2019ai-i Huang-j\u00ean. The spirit of \u00d4-mei Shan, 179\u2013180\nT\u2019ai-po Chin-hsing. Spirit of the South Pole Star, 329, 337\nT\u2019ai-shang Lao-ch\u00fcn, or Lao Tz\u00fc. Third person of the Taoist triad, 125\nT\u2019ai-wu Fu-j\u00ean. Daughter of Hsi Wang Mu, 183\nT\u2019ai-y\u00fcan Sh\u00eang-mu. An hermaphrodite, mother of Y\u00fcan-shih T\u2019ien-wang; and P\u2019an Ku, 129\u2013130\nTalismans. Chang Tao-ling and, 139\nTao. The \u2018Way,\u2019 87\u201388; the Solitary Indeterminate, 90; the super-tao, 91\n\u201cTao-t\u00ea Ching.\u201d The Canon of Reason and Virtue, first called Lao Tz\u016d, 87\nTaoism. The doctrine of the Way; as a religion, 52\u201353; one of the three religions, 99 sq.; the three Heavens of, 124\u2013125; the Three Pure Ones of, 124\u2013125; Y\u00fc Huang and, 124; the first p. 450 pope of, 138; Chang Tao-ling, founder of modern, 139; the Kings of Heaven of, 142; the Kuan Yin of\u2014see Tou Mu; guardians of Taoist temple gates, 146\nTarim Valley. Supposed origin of the Chinese in, 13, 15\nTartars. Conquer Northern China, 27\u201328; conquer the whole of China, 28, 400\nTathagata. Ju-lai Fo, Sh\u00e2kyamuni, or Buddha, 119\nTemple-s, Of Heaven, 95; to God of Literature, 109; guardians of gates of Buddhist, 146; guardians of gates of Taoist, 146; legend of the cursed, 398 sq.\nT\u00eang Chiu-kung. Spirit of the Blue Dragon Star, 146; and No-cha, 147; and Huang Fei-hu, 147; and Yang Chien, 147; overthrown by Ch\u2019\u00ean Ch\u2019i, 148; kingdom of the Blue Dragon Star conferred on, 148\nThousand-li Eye. See Ch\u2019ien-li Yen\nThree Causes. Worship of the, 125 sq.\nThree Faces, People with the, 390\nThree Heavens. See San Ch\u2019ing\nThree Musical Brothers. And the la mei flower, 151; cure the Emperor Hs\u00fcan Tsung, 151; and the Spirit-boat, 151; subdue the demons of pestilence, 151. See also T\u2019ien Chih-piao, T\u2019ien Hung-i, and T\u2019ien Y\u00fcan-shuai\nThree Pure Ones. See Taoism\nThree Religions, The, 99 sq.\nThree-heads, 390\nThrone of the Five Emperors. Wu Ti Tso, a celestial palace, 176\nThunder. Myths of, 198 sq.; Ministry of, 198; Duke of\u2014see Lei Kung; Son of, 199, 202\u2013203, and see Lei Ch\u00ean-tz\u016d\nTi. The earth; and forgiveness of sins, 125\u2013126\nTi Chih. The twelve terrestrial branches, 197\nTi-mu, Ti-ya, or Hou-t\u2019u. \u2018Earth-dumb,\u2019 the Earth-mother; one of the attendants of W\u00ean Ch\u2019ang, 82, 109\u2013110, 165\nTi-tsang Wang. The God of Hades, 120\nTi-ya. See Ti-mu\nTibet. A dependency of China, 27\nTien Mu. Mother of Lightning, 203\nT\u2019ien. Heaven; worship of, 94, 95\u201396; abode of the spirits, 95\u201396; confused with Shang Ti, 96\u201397; one of the sources of happiness, 125\u2013126\nT\u2019ien Chih-piao. Third of the three musical brothers, 151\nT\u2019ien Fei. Heavenly Concubine; helps Yin Chiao, 196\nT\u2019ien Huang Shih, or Fu Hsi. As God of Medicine, 247\u2013248\nT\u2019ien Hung-i. Second of the three musical brothers, 151\nT\u2019ien Kan. The ten celestial tree-trunks, 197\nT\u2019ien Kou. The Heavenly Dog; and Chang Hsien, 178; and Sun Hou-tz\u016d, 331\nT\u2019ien Mu, or Hs\u00fcan N\u016d. Mother of Heaven; and Chuang Chou, 150\nT\u2019ien Y\u00fcan-shuai. Eldest of the three musical brothers, 151\nT\u2019ien-hou. Goddess of Sailors, 165\nT\u2019ien-lung. \u2018Heaven-deaf\u2019; one of the attendants of W\u00ean Ch\u2019ang, 82, 109\u2013110\nTiger. Yellow Flying, 146; White\u2014see White Tiger\nTime. Myths of, 194 sq.; Ministry of, 194\nTo-pao Tao-j\u00ean. Disciple of T\u2019ung-t\u2019ien Chiao-chu, 133; fights with Kuang Ch\u2019\u00eang-tz\u016d, 133\nTobacco. Use of, 47\nTombs, Festival of the, 44\nTones. In Chinese speech, 56\nTortoise, Golden Mother of the, 136\nTou. A measure; name of a constellation, 106\nTou Mu. Bushel Mother, Goddess of the North Star; the Indian Maritchi, 144; mother of the nine J\u00ean Huang, 144, 145; the Kuan Yin of Taoism, 144; her palace, Tou Shu, the Pivot of the Pole, 144; description of, 144\u2013145 p. 451\nTou Shu. The Pivot of the Pole, palace of Tou Mu, 144\nTrade. Foreign, 21, 48\u201349; home, 48\u201349\nTriad. The super-triad, 100\u2013101; of gods, 101; Taoist, 124\u2013125\nTransformations. Of the fox, 370\nTreasures, The Three. See San Pao\nTrigrams. A combination of lines used in divination; the Eight (pa kua), 193, 248\nTriratna. The Three Embodiments, 120\nTs\u2019ai Sh\u00ean. God of Wealth, 165, 170\u2013171; Chao Kung-ming prototype of, 170\u2013171; legend of, 170\u2013171; canonized, 171\nTs\u2019ai-y\u00fcn Hsien-tz\u016d. Fights for W\u00ean Chung, 159\u2013160\nTs\u2019an N\u00fc. Also called Ma-t\u2019ou Niang; Goddess of Mulberry-trees and Silkworms, 165, 168\u2013169; legend of, 168\u2013169; also represented as a stellar divinity, 169\nTs\u2019ao Ching-chih. In legend of Ts\u2019ao Kuo-chiu, 301\u2013302\nTs\u2019ao Ching-hsiu. Becomes the Immortal Ts\u2019ao Kuo-chiu, 301 sq.\nTsao Ch\u00fcn. The Kitchen-god, 45, 128, 165, 166 sq.; reports to Supreme Being, 45, 167\u2013168; chief of Y\u00fcan-shih T\u2019ien-tsun\u2019s secret police, 128; origin of worship of, 166\u2013167; Li Shao-ch\u00fcn and, 166\u2013167\nTs\u2019ao Kuo-chiu. One of the Eight Immortals, 214, 303; legend of, 300 sq.\nTs\u2019ao Ts\u2019ao. Usurping general in period of the Three Kingdoms; and Kuan Y\u00fc, 116\nTso Ch\u2019ih. See Chisel-tooth\nTso-ch\u2019iu Ming. Author of the Tso chuan, commentary on the Annals of Confucius; and Chinese mythology, 72\nT\u2019u Hsing-sun. Magician; and T\u00eang Chiu-kung, 147; marries Ch\u2019an-y\u00fc, 147\nTu \u00d4. Taoist magician; teaches the Snorter, 145\nT\u2019u-ti. Local gods, 165; report murder of the Tais to Y\u00fc Huang, 255\u2013256; sent to help Miao Shan in the Nunnery of the White Bird, 263; report the approaching execution of Miao Shan to Y\u00fc Huang, 266; carry Miao Shan to P\u2019u T\u2019o Island, 270; find companions for Miao Shan, 271; help Miao Shan, 272\nTung Wang Kung, Mu Kung, or Tung-hua Ti-ch\u00fcn. God of the Immortals; and Sh\u00ean I, 185 sq.; and the Spirit of Lightning, 203. See Mu Kung\nTung-hua Ti-ch\u00fcn. See Tung Wang Kung\nT\u2019ung-t\u2019ien Chiao-chu. First of the Patriarchs of the Taoists, 133; and Hung-ch\u00fcn Lao-tsu, 133; battle with Chun T\u2019i, 133\u2013134; the buffalo of, 133\u2013134; given pill of immortality and taken to Heaven, 134; and the twenty-eight constellations, 191\u2013192; and Chun T\u2019i, 321 sq.\nTurkestan, Eastern. Supposed origin of the Chinese in, 13. See also Sinkiang\nTz\u016d T\u2019ung. Chang Ya at, 104; the God of, 105; W\u00ean Ch\u2019ang and the Spirit of, 108\u2013109\nTz\u2019\u016d-hang Ta-shih. Immortal, 216\nTz\u016d-hua. In legend of Ch\u2019un-y\u00fc F\u00ean, 413, 415\u2013416, 419\nTz\u016d-wei Hsing. Constellation. See Po I-k\u2019ao\nUnicorn. K\u2019uei niu 133\nUnicorn Precipice, The, 154, 155\nUnity, The Great. First of the celestial spirits, 142\u2013143\nUnnatural People, 386 sq.\nVairotchana. Dharma, the highest of the Three Embodiments (Triratna), representing Purity; Chinese P\u2019i-lu Fo, 120 p. 452\nVajr\u00e2pani. God of Thunder. See Lei Kung\nVega. Star; legend of Aquila and, 189 sq.\nVih\u00e2rap\u00e2la. See Wei-t\u2019o\nWang Ch\u2019ang. Disciple of Chang Tao-ling, 140, 141, 216\nWang Ch\u00ea. Brigand chief; begs of Shih family, 255; murders Tai family, 255\nWang Tan. A minister of State; and the cask of pearls, 131\u2013132; K\u2019ang Hsi on, 131\u2013132\nWar, God of, 113 sq.\nWaters. Sh\u00ean I marries sister of the Water-spirit, 182; myths of the, 208 sq.; dragons are spirits of the, 208; Ministry of the, 212; Yang Hou, Spirit of the Sea, 212 sq.; Shui Kuan, Ruler of the Watery Elements, 216; Shui-mu Niang-niang, Old Mother of the, 220 sq. See also Ho Po and Shui\nWatters, Thomas. Consul-General; on fox-lore, 370\nWay. See Tao\nWealth, God of. See Ts\u2019ai Sh\u00ean\nWeapons, 33\nWeaver-girl, The Herdsman and the. Legend of, 189 sq.\nWei Ch\u00eang. Associated with Door-gods. See M\u00ean Sh\u00ean\nWei-t\u2019o. Vih\u00e2rap\u00e2la; the D\u00eava protector of Buddhist temples and of the Law of Buddha, 120\nWeights and Measures, 49\nWell, Spirits of the, 217\nW\u00ean Ch\u2019ang. God of Literature; attendants on, 82, 109\u2013110; legends of, 104 sq.; and the Great Bear, 105 sq.; palace of, 106\nW\u00ean Chiao. Wife of Ch\u2019\u00ean Kuang-jui, and mother of Hs\u00fcan Chuang, 336, 337 sq.\nW\u00ean Chung. Famous generalissimo, canonized as God of Thunder; his battle with Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, 158 sq.; attacked by Huang T\u2019ien-hua, 159; wounded by Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, 160; forced to retreat, 161; fights more battles, 161; drawn up to Heaven, 161; another account of his battles and death, 198\u2013199. See also Lei Tsu\nW\u00ean Wang. Father of Po I-k\u2019ao; prisoner of Chou Hsin, 192; Ta Chi and, 192\u2013193; Lei Ch\u00ean-tz\u016d and, 202\u2013203\nW\u00ean Y\u00fc. See Lei Ch\u00ean-tz\u016d\nW\u00ean-chu T\u2019ien-tsun. Fights with No-cha, 317\u2013318\nWestern Air, Sovereign of the, 137\nWhite Bird Nunnery. Miao Shan goes to, 261 sq.; set on fire, 264; saved by Miao Shan, 264\nWhite Crane Youth. Captures Sh\u00ean Kung-pao\u2019s head, 156; restores the head, 157; kills Ch\u2019iung Hsiao, 158; fights and defeats Chang Shao, 159\nWhite Elephant. In Kuan Yin legend, 283, 284, 285\u2013286\nWhite Horse. Of Hs\u016dan Chuang, 340\u2013341\nWhite Tiger. Po Hu; spirit of the White Tiger Star; guardian of Taoist temple gates, 146, 148\nWife. Status of, 23\u201324; legend of the Expectant, 391\u2013392\nWind, Spirit of the. Fei Lien; vanquished by Sh\u00ean I, 181, 204\u2013205; myths of the, 204\u2013205. See also F\u00eang Po\nWomen, The Lovely. In the Hsi yu chi, 362 sq.\nWomen\u2019s Kingdom. Legend of the, 390\u2013391\nWorship. Origin of, 93; of Shang Ti, 94\u201395; of T\u2019ien, 94, 95\u201396; of the living, 101; the second self and, 101; of the Kitchen-god, 166\u2013167; of the harvest moon, 176; of the sun, 176\u2013177, 179; of Chang Hsien, 178; of constellations, 191; of T\u2019ai Sui, 196\u2013197; of Wu Y\u00fceh, 242; origin of dog-worship of Jung tribe, 422\nWu. Exorcists, 34\nWu Hsing. The Five Elements, 84\nWu San-kuei. General of Emperor Ch\u2019ung Ch\u00eang, 398\u2013399\nWu Ti. See Kuan Ti p. 453\nWu Ti Tso. \u2018Throne of the Five Emperors\u2019; in the constellation Leo, 176\nWu Wang. First king of the Chou dynasty; his battles with Chou Wang, 133\u2013134; and Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, 153, 154; killed and revived, 159\nWu Y\u00fceh. \u2018Five Mountains\u2019; gods worshipped in cases of fever, etc., 242\u2013243; legend of, 243 sq.\nWu Y\u00fcn. Immortal; and Chun Ti, 323\u2013324\nYang. The male principle in nature, 85, 86, 93; its hold on the Chinese mind, 92; Mu Kung and, 136\u2013137; united with yin in marriage, 186; conjunction of yin and, 188; and lightning, 203. See also Yin\nYang Ch\u2019\u00eang. See Fu Sh\u00ean\nYang Chien. Nephew of Y\u00fc Huang; and Hua-hu Tiao, 122\u2013123; and Ch\u2019an-y\u00fc, 147; battles with Ch\u2019ien-li Yen and Shun-f\u00eang \u00carh, 162 sq.; and L\u00fc Y\u00fceh, 242\nYang Hou. Spirit of the Sea, 212 sq.\nYang Hsi-chi. See Fu Sh\u00ean\nYang J\u00ean. Magician; and L\u00fc Y\u00fceh, 242\nYao. 1. Early emperor; with Shun and Y\u00fc as the Three Origins, 126\u2013127; and Sh\u00ean I, 180 sq., 204. 2. Tailed Miao Tz\u016d tribe; legend of, 422 n.\nYao Ch\u2019ih. Lake of Gems, 137\nYao Wang. God or King of Medicine, 246, 247\nYear. Spirit of the, T\u2019ai Sui, 194 sq. See also San Y\u00fcan, T\u2019ai Sui, and Time\nYeh Ch\u2019ien-chao. And Lei Kung, 200\u2013201\nYeh Fa-shan. Magician; and Chang Kuo, 294\u2013295\nYellow Flying Tiger. Huang Fei-hu; spears the Blower, 146\nYellow Turbans. Tribe; Liu Pei, Kuan Y\u00fc, and Chang Fei make war on, 116\nYen Ch\u2019\u00eang. Legend of the City-god of, 402 sq.\nYen Ti. See Sh\u00ean Nung\nYen Wang. The King of the Hells; and Miao Shan, 267, 268; and Sun Hou-tz\u016d, 328\u2013329\nYen-chung Hsien. See Lo Hs\u00fcan\nYin. The female principle in nature, 85, 86, 93, 216; its hold on the Chinese mind, 92; Hsi Wang Mu and, 137; ancestor of the spirituality of the, 185; united in marriage with yang, 186; conjunction of yang and, 188; yin-yang mirror, 199; and lightning, 203, 204; yin-yang baskets, 232\nYin Ch\u2019\u00eang-hsiu. Spirit of the White Tiger Star, 148; canonized by Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, 148\nYin Chiao. See T\u2019ai Sui\nYin K\u2019ai-shan, Father of W\u00ean Chiao, 336, 338\u2013339\nYin P\u2019o-pai. Courtier of Chou Wang; father of Yin Ch\u2019\u00eang-hsiu, 148\nYin Shih. Wife of Li Ching, 305 sq.\nYmer. The Scandinavian giant out of whose body the world was made; compared with P\u2019an Ku, 79\nY\u00fc, or Ta Y\u00fc. The Great Y\u00fc, one of the early kings; with Yao and Shun as the Three Origins, 126\u2013127\nYu Chou. See Peking\nY\u00fc Ch\u2019\u00fcan Shan T\u2019a, or Ch\u00ean-shui T\u2019a. Pagoda near Peking; origin of, 234\u2013235 and n.\nY\u00fc Huang. Also called Y\u00fc-huang Shang-ti; the Pearly Emperor, 124; popular head of Taoist hierarchy, 124; the Jade Emperor, the Pure August One, 130; history of, 130 sq.; the Chinese Jupiter, 130; legend of, 132\u2013133; identified with Indra, 133; subject of a nature myth, 133; and Shui-mu Niang-niang, 220\u2013221; allows reincarnation of sons of Shih Ch\u2019in-ch\u2019ang, 255\u2013256; sends spiritual aid to Miao Shan, 262\u2013263; prevents execution of Miao Shan, 266; orders punishment p. 454 of Miao Chuang, 274; canonizes Miao Shan and her family, 286; and Sun Hou-tz\u016d, 327 sq.\nY\u00fc L\u00fc. A Door-god, 173. See M\u00ean Sh\u00ean\nY\u00fc Lung San T\u2019ai-tz\u016d. Son of Dragon-king of the Western Sea; and the White Horse, 340\u2013341\nY\u00fc N\u00fc. The Jade Maiden; servant to Mu Kung, 136; and the Spirit of Lightning, 203\nY\u00fc Shih, or Ch\u2019ih Sung-tz\u016d. The Master of Rain, 205\u2013206; resides in the K\u2019un-lun Mountains, 206; and the shang yang, 206\nY\u00fc-huang Shang-ti. See Y\u00fc Huang\nY\u00fc-ting Ch\u00ean-j\u00ean. Makes plan for defeat of Ch\u2019ien-li Yen and Shun-f\u00eang \u00carh, 162\u2013163\nY\u00fcan Chuang. See Hs\u00fcan Chuang\nY\u00fcan Hung. Generalissimo; serves Chou Wang, 162, 164\nY\u00fcan-shih T\u2019ien-tsun, Lo Ching Hsin, or T\u2019ien Pao. Son of P\u2019an Ku and T\u2019ai-y\u00fcan Sh\u00eang-mu; first member of Taoist triad, 124; First Cause, Highest in Heaven, 127 sq.; God of Lightning, 128; avatar of P\u2019an Ku, 128 sq.; first named Y\u00fcan-shih T\u2019ien-wang, 128; legend of birth of, 128 sq.; fights T\u2019ung-t\u2019ien Chiao-chu, 134, 321, 322\u2013323; and Tou Mu, 144; presents List of Promotions to Immortals to Chiang Tz\u016d-ya, 154\u2013155; kills Pi Hsiao, 158\nY\u00fcan-shih T\u2019ien-wang. See Y\u00fcan-shih T\u2019ien-tsun\nY\u00fceh-shih Fo. The Master-Physician Buddha, 120\nY\u00fcn Chung-tz\u016d. A hermit; causes the death of W\u00ean Chung, 199; teacher of Lei Ch\u00ean-tz\u016d, 202\u2013203","title":"Myths and Legends of China: Glossary and Index","type":"page"}