{"collection":"chr","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/chr/ecf/001/0010862.htm","path":"chr/ecf/001/0010862.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/chr/ecf/001/0010862.htm","text":"1. As therefore the devil lied at the beginning, so did he also in the end, when he said, \u201cAll these are delivered unto me, and to whomsoever I will I give them.\u201d 4654 For it is not he who has appointed the kingdoms of this world, but God; for \u201cthe heart of the king is in the hand of God.\u201d 4655 And the Word also says by Solomon, \u201cBy me kings do reign, and princes administer justice. By me chiefs are raised up, and by me kings rule the earth.\u201d 4656 Paul the apostle also says upon this same subject: \u201cBe ye subject to all the higher powers; for there is no power but of God: now those which are have been ordained of God.\u201d 4657 And again, in reference to them he says, \u201cFor he beareth not the sword in vain; for he is the minister of God, the avenger for wrath to him who does evil.\u201d 4658 Now, that he spake these words, not in regard to angelical powers, nor of invisible rulers\u2014 as some venture to expound the passage\u2014but of those of actual human authorities, [he shows when] he says, \u201cFor this cause pay ye tribute also: for they are God\u2019s ministers, doing service for this very thing.\u201d 4659 This also the Lord confirmed, when He did not do what He was tempted to by the devil; but He gave directions that tribute should be paid to the tax-gatherers for Himself and Peter; 4660 because \u201cthey are the ministers of God, serving for this very thing.\u201d\n2. For since man, by departing from God, reached such a pitch of fury as even to look upon his brother as his enemy, and engaged without fear in every kind of restless conduct, and murder, and avarice; God imposed upon mankind the fear of man, as they did not acknowledge the fear of God, in order that, being subjected to the authority of men, and kept under restraint by their laws, they might attain to some degree of justice, and exercise mutual forbearance through dread of the sword suspended full in their view, as the apostle says: \u201cFor he beareth not the sword in vain; for he is the minister of God, the avenger for wrath upon him who does evil.\u201d And for this reason too, magistrates themselves, having laws as a clothing of righteousness whenever they act in a just and legitimate manner, shall not be called in question for their conduct, nor be liable to punishment. But whatsoever they do to the subversion of justice, iniquitously, and impiously, and illegally, and tyrannically, in these things shall they also perish; for the just judgment of God comes equally upon all, and in no case is defective. Earthly rule, therefore, has been appointed by God for the benefit of nations, 4661 and not by the devil, who is never at rest at all, nay, who does not love to see even nations conducting themselves after a quiet manner, so that under the fear of human rule, men may not eat each other up like fishes; but that, by means of the establishment of laws, they may keep down an excess of wickedness among the nations. And considered from this point of view, those who exact tribute from us are \u201cGod\u2019s ministers, serving for this very purpose.\u201d\n3. As, then, \u201cthe powers that be are ordained of God,\u201d it is clear that the devil lied when he said, \u201cThese are delivered unto me; and to whomsoever I will, I give them.\u201d For by the law of the same Being as calls men into existence are kings also appointed, adapted for those men who are at the time placed under their government. Some of these [rulers] are given for the correction and the benefit of their subjects, and for the preservation of justice; but others, for the purposes of fear and punishment and rebuke: others, as [the subjects] deserve it, are for deception, disgrace, and pride; while the just judgment of God, as I have observed already, passes equally upon all. The devil, however, as he is the apostate angel, can only go to this length, as he did at the beginning, [namely] to deceive and lead astray the mind of man into disobeying the commandments of God, and gradually p. 553 to darken the hearts of those who would endeavour to serve him, to the forgetting of the true God, but to the adoration of himself as God.\n4. Just as if any one, being an apostate, and seizing in a hostile manner another man\u2019s territory, should harass the inhabitants of it, in order that he might claim for himself the glory of a king among those ignorant of his apostasy and robbery; so likewise also the devil, being one among those angels who are placed over the spirit of the air, as the Apostle Paul has declared in his Epistle to the Ephesians, 4662 becoming envious of man, was rendered an apostate from the divine law: for envy is a thing foreign to God. And as his apostasy was exposed by man, and man became the [means of] searching out his thoughts (et examinatio sententi\u00e6 ejus, homo factus est), he has set himself to this with greater and greater determination, in opposition to man, envying his life, and wishing to involve him in his own apostate power. The Word of God, however, the Maker of all things, conquering him by means of human nature, and showing him to be an apostate, has, on the contrary, put him under the power of man. For He says, \u201cBehold, I confer upon you the power of treading upon serpents and scorpions, and upon all the power of the enemy,\u201d 4663 in order that, as he obtained dominion over man by apostasy, so again his apostasy might be deprived of power by means of man turning back again to God.\n[Well says Benjamin Franklin: \u201cHe who shall introduce into public affairs the principles of primitive Christianity will change the face of the world.\u201d See Bancroft, Hist. U.S., vol. ix. p. 492.]\n553:4662 553:4663","title":"Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol I: IREN\u00c6US: Chapter XXIV.\u2014Of the constant...","type":"page"}