{"collection":"chr","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/chr/ecf/003/0030441.htm","path":"chr/ecf/003/0030441.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/chr/ecf/003/0030441.htm","text":"Chapter XLII.\u2014Other Incidents of the Passion Minutely Compared with Prophecy. Pilate and Herod. Barabbas Preferred to Jesus. Details of the Crucifixion. The Earthquake and the Mid-Day Darkness. All Wonderfully Foretold in the Scriptures of the Creator. Christ\u2019s Giving Up the Ghost No Evidence of Marcion\u2019s Docetic Opinions. In His Sepulture There is a Refutation Thereof.\nFor when He was brought before Pilate, they proceeded to urge Him with the serious charge 5121 , of declaring Himself to be Christ the King; 5122 that is, undoubtedly, as the Son of God, who was to sit at God\u2019s right hand. They would, however, have burdened Him 5123 with some other title, if they had been uncertain whether He had called Himself the Son of God\u2014if He had not pronounced the words, \u201cYe say that I am,\u201d so as (to admit) that He was that which they said He was. Likewise, when Pirate asked Him, \u201cArt thou Christ (the King)?\u201d He answered, as He had before (to the Jewish council) 5124 \u201cThou sayest that I am\u201d 5125 in order that He might not seem to have been driven by a fear of his power to give him a fuller answer. \u201cAnd so the Lord hath stood on His trial.\u201d 5126 And he placed His people on their trial. The Lord Himself comes to a trial with \u201cthe elders and rulers of the people,\u201d as Isaiah predicted. 5127 And then He fulfilled all that had been written of His passion. At that time \u201cthe heathen raged, and the people imagined vain things; the kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers gathered themselves together against the Lord and against His Christ.\u201d 5128 The heathen were Pilate and the Romans; the people were the tribes of Israel; the kings were represented in Herod, and the rulers in the chief priests. When, indeed, He was sent to Herod gratuitously 5129 by Pilate, 5130 the words of Hosea were accomplished, for he had prophesied of Christ: \u201cAnd they shall carry Him bound as a present to the king.\u201d 5131 Herod was \u201cexceeding glad\u201d when he saw Jesus, but he heard not a word from Him. 5132 For, \u201cas a lamb before the shearer is dumb, so He opened not His mouth,\u201d 5133 because \u201cthe Lord had given to Him a disciplined tongue, that he might know how and when it behoved Him to speak\u201d 5134 \u2014even that \u201ctongue which clove to His jaws,\u201d as the Psalm 5135 said it should, through His not speaking. Then Barabbas, the most abandoned criminal, is released, as if he were the innocent man; while the most righteous Christ is delivered to be put to death, as if he were the murderer. 5136 Moreover two malefactors are crucified around Him, in order that He might be reckoned amongst the transgressors. 5137 Although His raiment was, without doubt, parted among the soldiers, and partly distributed by lot, yet Marcion has erased it all (from his Gospel), 5138 for he had his eye upon the Psalm: \u201cThey parted my garments amongst them, and cast lots upon my vesture.\u201d 5139 You may as well take away the cross itself! But even then the Psalm is not silent concerning it: \u201cThey pierced my hands and my feet.\u201d 5140 Indeed, the details of the whole event are therein read: \u201cDogs compassed me about; p. 421 the assembly of the wicked enclosed me around. All that looked upon me laughed me to scorn; they did shoot out their lips and shake their heads, (saying,) He hoped in God, let Him deliver Him.\u201d 5141 Of what use now is (your tampering with) the testimony of His garments? If you take it as a booty for your false Christ, still all the Psalm (compensates) the vesture of Christ. 5142 But, behold, the very elements are shaken. For their Lord was suffering. If, however, it was their enemy to whom all this injury was done, the heaven would have gleamed with light, the sun would have been even more radiant, and the day would have prolonged its course 5143 \u2014gladly gazing at Marcion\u2019s Christ suspended on his gibbet! These proofs 5144 would still have been suitable for me, even if they had not been the subject of prophecy. Isaiah says: \u201cI will clothe the heavens with blackness.\u201d 5145 This will be the day, concerning which Amos also writes: And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Lord, that the sun shall go down at noon and the earth shall be dark in the clear day.\u201d 5146 (At noon) 5147 the veil of the temple was rent\u201d 5148 by the escape of the cherubim, 5149 which \u201cleft the daughter of Sion as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers.\u201d 5150 With what constancy has He also, in Psalm xxx., laboured to present to us the very Christ! He calls with a loud voice to the Father, \u201cInto Thine hands I commend my spirit,\u201d 5151 that even when dying He might expend His last breath in fulfilling the prophets. Having said this, He gave up the ghost.\u201d 5152 Who? Did the spirit 5153 give itself up; or the flesh the spirit? But the spirit could not have breathed itself out. That which breathes is one thing, that which is breathed is another. If the spirit is breathed it must needs be breathed by another. If, however, there had been nothing there but spirit, it would be said to have departed rather than expired. 5154 What, however, breathes out spirit but the flesh, which both breathes the spirit whilst it has it, and breathes it out when it loses it? Indeed, if it was not flesh (upon the cross), but a phantom 5155 of flesh (and 5156 a phantom is but spirit, and 5157 so the spirit breathed its own self out, and departed as it did so), no doubt the phantom departed, when the spirit which was the phantom departed: and so the phantom and the spirit disappeared together, and were nowhere to be seen. 5158 Nothing therefore remained upon the cross, nothing hung there, after \u201cthe giving up of the ghost;\u201d 5159 there was nothing to beg of Pilate, nothing to take down from the cross, nothing to wrap in the linen, nothing to lay in the new sepulchre. 5160 Still it was not nothing 5161 that was there. What was there, then? If a phantom Christ was yet there. If Christ had departed, He had taken away the phantom also. The only shift left to the impudence of the heretics, is to admit that what remained there was the phantom of a phantom! But what if Joseph knew that it was a body which he treated with so much piety? 5162 That same Joseph \u201cwho had not consented\u201d with the Jews in their crime? 5163 The \u201chappy man who walked not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor stood in the way of sinners, nor sat in the seat of the scornful.\u201d 5164\n\u201cKing Messiah;\u201d \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f11\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, Luke 23:1, 2.\n420:5123 420:5124 420:5125 420:5126\nConstitutus est in judicio. The Septuagint is \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u201cshall stand on His trial.\u201d\n420:5127 420:5128 420:5129\nVelut munus. This is a definition, in fact, of the xenium in the verse from Hosea. This \u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd was the Roman lautia, \u201ca state entertainment to distinguished foreigners in the city.\u201d\n420:5130 420:5131\nHos. x. 6 (Sept. \u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6).\n420:5132 420:5133 420:5134\nIsa. l. 4 (Sept.).\n420:5135 420:5136 420:5137\nComp. Luke 23:33, Isa. 53:12.\n420:5138\nThis remarkable suppression was made to escape the wonderful minuteness of the prophetic evidence to the details of Christ\u2019s death.\n420:5139 420:5140 421:5141 421:5142\nWe append the original of these obscure sentences: \u201cQuo jam testimonium vestimentorum? Habe falsi tui pr\u00e6dam; totus psalmus vestimenta sunt Christi.\u201d The general sense is apparent. If Marcion does suppress the details about Christ\u2019s garments at the cross, to escape the inconvenient proof they afford that Christ is the object of prophecies, yet there are so many other points of agreement between this wonderful Psalm and St. Luke\u2019s history of the crucifixion (not expunged, as it would seem, by the heretic), that they quite compensate for the loss of this passage about the garments (Oehler).\n421:5143\nComp. Josh. x. 13.\n421:5144 421:5145 421:5146 421:5147\nHere you have the meaning of the sixth hour.\n421:5148 421:5149 421:5150 421:5151\nComp. Luke 23:46, Ps. 31:5.\n421:5152 421:5153 421:5154\nExpirasse: considered actively, \u201cbreathed out,\u201d in reference to the \u201cexpiravit\u201d of the Luke 23.46 above.\n421:5155\nA sharp rebuke of Marcion\u2019s Docetism here follows.\n421:5156 421:5157 421:5158\nNusquam comparuit phantasma cum spiritu.\n421:5159 421:5160\nSee these stages in Luke xxiii. 47-55.\n421:5161 421:5162\nThis argument is also used by Epiphanius to prove the reality of Christ\u2019s body, H\u00e6res. xl. Confut. 74. The same writer also employs for the same purpose the incident of the women returning from the sepulchre, which Tertullian is going to adduce in his next chapter, Confut. 75 (Oehler).\n421:5163 421:5164","title":"Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol III: Tertullian: Part II: Other ...","type":"page"}