{"collection":"chr","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/chr/ecf/104/1040007.htm","path":"chr/ecf/104/1040007.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/chr/ecf/104/1040007.htm","text":"The following bibliography of Manich\u00e6ism is taken from Schaff\u2019s History of the Christian Church, vol. II. pp. 498\u2013500 (new edition). Additions are indicated by brackets.\n1. Oriental Sources: The most important, though of comparatively late date.\n(a) Mohammedan (Arabic): Kit\u00e2b al Fihrist. A history of Arabic literature to 987, by an Arab of Bagdad, usually called Ibn Abi Jakub An-Nad\u00eem; brought to light by Fl\u00fcgel, and published after his death by R\u00f6diger and M\u00fcller, in 2 vols. Leipz. 1871-\u201972. Book IX. section first, treats of Manich\u00e6ism. Fl\u00fcgel\u2019s translation, see below. Kessler calls the Fihrist a \"F\u00fcndst\u00e4tte allerersten Ranges.\" Next to it comes the relation of the Mohammedan philosopher, Al-Shahrastani (d. 1153), in his History of Religious Parties and Philosophical Sects, Ed. Cureton, Lond. 1842, 2 vols. (I. 188\u2013192); German translation by Haarbr\u00fccker, Halle, 1851. On other Mohammedan sources, see Kessler in Herzog, IX., 225 sq.\n(b) Persian Sources: relating to the life of Mani, the Sh\u00e2hn\u00e2meh (the King\u2019s Book) of Firdausi; ed. by Jul. Mohl, Paris, 1866 (V. 472\u2013475). See Kessler, ibid. 225.\n[Albiruni\u2019s Chronology of Ancient Nations, tr. by E. Sachau, and published by the Oriental Translation Fund, Lond. 1879. Alb\u00eerun\u00ee lived 973\u20131048, and is said to have possessed vast literary resources no longer available to us. His work seems to be based on early Manich\u00e6an sources, and strikingly confirms the narrative preserved by the Fihrist. See also articles by West and Thomas in Journal of the Asiatic Society, 1868, 1870, 1871.]\n(c) Christian Sources: In Arabic, the Alexandrian Patriarch Eutychius (d. 916). Annales, ed. Pococke, Oxon. 1628; Barhebr\u00e6us (d. 1286), in his Historia Dynastiarum, ed. Pococke. In Syriac: Ephraem Syrus (d. 393), in various writings. Esnig or Esnik, an Armenian bishop of the 5th Century, who wrote against Marcion and Mani (German translation from the Armenian by C. Fr. Neumann, in Illgen\u2019s Zeitschrift f\u00fcr die Hist. Theologie, 1834, pp.77\u201378).\n2. Greek Sources: [Alexander of Lycopolis: The Tenets of the Manich\u00e6ans (first published by Combefis, with a Latin version, in the Auctararium Novissimum, Bibl. S. S. Patrum; again by Gallandi, in his Bibl. Patrum, vol. IV. p. 73 sq. An English translation by Rev. James B.H. Hawkins, M .A ., appeared in Clark\u2019s Ante-Nicene Library, Vol. XIV. p. 236 sq.; Am. ed. vol. VI. p. 237 sq. Alexander represents himself as a convert from Paganism to Manich\u00e6ism, and from Manich\u00e6ism to Orthodoxy. He claims to have learned Manp. 6 ich\u00e6ism from those who were intimately associated with Mani himself, and is, therefore, one of the earliest witnesses. 1 ] Eusebius (H. E. VII. 31, a brief account). Epiphanius (Haer. 66). Cyril of Jerusalem (Catech. VI. 20 sq.). Titus of Bostra (\u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c3 \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3, ed P. de Lagarde, 1859). Photius: Adv. Manich\u00e6os (Cod. 179, Biblioth.). John of Damascus: De Haeres. and Dial. [Petrus Siculus, Hist. Manich\u00e6orum.]\n3. Latin Sources: Archelaus (Bishop of Cascar in Mesopotamia, d. about 278): Acta Disputationis cum Manete H\u00e6resiarcha; first written in Syriac, and so far belonging to the Oriental Christian Sources (Comp. Jerome, de Vir. Ill. 72), but extant only in a Latin translation, which seems to have been made from the Greek, edited by Zacagni (Rome, 1698), and Routh (in Reliqui\u00e6 Sacr\u00e6, vol. V. 3\u2013206); Eng. transl. in Clark\u2019s Ante-Nicene Library (vol. XX. 272\u2013419). [Am. ed. vol. VI. p. 173 sq.]. These Acts purport to contain the report of a disputation between Archelaus and Mani before a large assembly, which was in full sympathy with the orthodox bishop, but (as Beausobre first proved), they are in form a fiction from the first quarter of the fourth century (about 320), by a Syrian ecclesiastic (probably of Edessa), yet based upon Manich\u00e6an documents, and containing much information about Manich\u00e6an doctrines. They consist of various pieces, and were the chief source of information to the West. Mani is represented (ch. 12), as appearing in a many-colored cloak and trousers, with a sturdy staff of ebony, a Babylonian book under his left arm, and with a mien of an old Persian master. In his defense he quotes freely from the N.T. At the end, he makes his escape to Persia (ch. 55). Comp. H. V. Zittwitz: Die Acta Archelai et Manetis untersucht, in Kahnis\u2019 Zeitschrift f\u00fcr d. Hist. Theol. 1873, No. IV. Oblasinski: Acta Disput. Arch., etc. Lips. 1874 (inaugural dissert.). Ad. Harnack: Die Acta Archelai und das Diatessaron Tatians, in Texte und Untersuchungen zur Gesch. der altchristl. Lit. vol. I. Heft 3 (1883), p. 137\u2013153. Harnack tries to prove that the Gospel variations of Archelaus are taken from Tatian\u2019s Diatessaron.\nSt. Augustin (d. 430, the chief Latin authority next to the translation of Archelaus). [Besides the treatises published in Clark\u2019s series, Contra Fortunatum quendam Manich\u00e6orum Presbyterum Disput. I. et II., Contra Adimantum Manich\u00e6i discipulum, Contra Secundinum Manich\u00e6um, De Natura Boni, De duabus Animabus, De Utilitate Credendi, De Haeres. XLVI. Of these, De duabus Animabus, Contra Fortunatum, and De Natura Boni are added in the present edition, and De Utilitate Credendi has been included among Augustin\u2019s shorter theological treatises in vol. III. of the present series. In the Confessions and the Letters, moreover, the Manich\u00e6ans figure prominently. The treatises included in the present series may be said to fairly represent Augustin\u2019s manner of dealing with Manich\u00e6ism. The Anti-Manich\u00e6an writings are found chiefly in vol. VIII. of the Benedictine edition, and in volumes I. and XI. of the Migne reprint. Augustin\u2019s personal connection with the sect extending over a period of nine years, and his consummate ability in dealing with this form of error, together with the fact that he quotes largely from Manich\u00e6an literature, render his works the highest authority for Manich\u00e6ism as it existed in the West at the close of the fifth century.] Comp. also the Acts of Councils against the Manich\u00e6ans from the fourth century onwards, in Mansi and Hefele [and Hardouin].\nBaur discredits this claim on internal grounds (Das Manich. Religionssystem, p. 7).","title":"Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Vol. IV: Writings in Conn...","type":"page"}