{"collection":"chr","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/chr/ecf/111/1110025.htm","path":"chr/ecf/111/1110025.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/chr/ecf/111/1110025.htm","text":"\u201cAnd there was a certain disciple at Damascus, named Ananias; and to him said the Lord in a vision, Ananias. And he said, Behold, I am here, Lord. And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go into the street which is called Straight, and inquire in the house of Judas for one called Saul, of Tarsus: for, behold, he prayeth, and hath seen in a vision a man named Ananias coming in, and putting his hand on him, that he might receive his sight.\u201d\nWhat may be the reason that He neither drew any one of high authority and importance, nor caused such to be forthcoming for the purpose of instructing Paul? 473 It was, because it was not meet that he should be induced by men, but only by Christ Himself: as in fact this man taught him nothing, but merely baptized him; for, as soon as baptized (\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c2), he was to draw upon himself the grace of the Spirit, by his zeal and exceeding earnestness. And that Ananias was no very distinguished person, is plain. For, \u201cthe Lord,\u201d it says, \u201cspake unto him in a vision, and Ananias answered and said, Lord, I have heard by many of this man, how much evil he hath done to Thy saints at Jerusalem.\u201d (Acts 9.13.) For if he spoke in objection to Him, much more would he have done so, had He sent an Angel. And this is why, in the former instance, neither is Philip told what the matter is; but he sees the Angel, and then the Spirit bids him go near to the chariot. But observe here how the Lord relieves him of his fear: \u201cHe is blind,\u201d saith He, \u201cand prayeth, and art thou afraid?\u201d In the same way Moses also is afraid: so that the words betokened that he was afraid, and shrunk from the task, not that he did not believe. He said,\u201d have heard from many concerning this man.\u201d What sayest thou? God speaketh, and thou hesitatest? They did not yet well know the power of Christ. \u201cAnd here he hath authority from the chief priests to bind all that call on Thy name.\u201d (Acts 9.14.) How was that known? It is likely that they, being in fear, made minute enquiries. He does not say this, as thinking that Christ does not know the fact, but, \u201csuch being the case, how,\u201d says he, \u201ccan these things be?\u201d As in fact those (in the Gospel) say, \u201cWho can be saved?\u201d\u2014( Mark x. 26.) This is done, in order that Paul may believe him that shall come to him: \u201che hath seen in a vision:\u201d it hath showed him beforehand: \u201che prayeth,\u201d saith (the Lord): fear not. And observe, He speaks not to him of the success achieved: teaching us not to speak of our achievements. And, 474 though He saw him afraid, for all this He said it not. \u201cThou shalt not be disbelieved:\u201d \u201che hath seen,\u201d saith He, \u201cin a vision a man (named) Ananias:\u201d for this is why it was \u201cin a vision,\u201d namely, because he was blind. And not even the exceeding wonderfulness of the thing took possession of the disciple\u2019s mind, so greatly was he afraid. But observe: Paul being blind, in this way He restored to sight. \u201cBut the Lord said unto him, Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel unto Me, to bear My name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel: for I will show him how great things he must suffer for My name\u2019s sake.\u201d (Acts 9:15, 16.) \u201cNot only,\u201d saith He, \u201cshall he be a believer, but even a teacher, and great boldness shall he show: \u2018before Gentiles and kings\u2019\u2014such shall be the spread of the doctrine!\u2014that just as He astonished (him) by the former, so He may (startle him even more) by the latter. 475 \u201cAnd Ananias went, and entered into the house, and laid his hands upon him, and said, Brother Saul\u201d\u2014he straightway addresses him as a friend by that name\u2014\u201cJesus, Who appeared unto thee in the way in which thou camest\u201d\u2014and yet Christ had not told him this, but he learnt it from the Spirit\u2014\u201chath sent me unto thee, that thou mayest receive thy sight, and be filled with the Holy Ghost.\u201d (Acts 9.17.) As he said this, he laid his hands upon him. \u201cAnd immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales.\u201d (Acts 9.18.) Some say this was a sign of his blindness. Why did he not blind his eyes (entirely)? This was more wonderful, that, with his eyes open, he did not see: (Acts 9.8) which was just his case in respect of the Law, until 476 the Name of Jesus was put on him. \u201cAnd he received sight forthwith, and arose, and was baptized. And having taken food, he recovered strength.\u201d (Acts 9.19.) He was faint, therefore, both from his journey and from his fear; both from hunger, and from dejection of mind. Wishing therefore to deepen his dejection, He made the man blind until the coming of Ananias: and, that he might not imagine the blindness to be (only) fancy, this is the reason of the scales. He needed no other teaching: that which had befallen was made teaching (to him). \u201cAnd he was with the disciples which were at Damascus certain days. And straightway in the synagogues he preached Jesus, 477 that He is the Son of God.\u201d (Acts 9.20.) See, straightway he was a teacher in the synagogues. He was not ashamed of the change, was not afraid while the very things in which he was glorious afore-time, the same he destroyed. Even 478 from his first appearance on the stage here was a man, death-dealing, ready for deeds of blood: seest thou what a manifest sign (was here)? And with this very thing, he put all in fear: for, said they, Hither also is he come for this very thing. \u201cBut all that heard him were amazed, and said: Is not this he that destroyed them which called on this name in Jerusalem, and came hither for that intent, that he might bring them bound unto the chief priests? But Saul increased the more in strength, and confounded the Jews which dwelt at Damascus, proving that this is very Christ.\u201d (Acts 9:21, 22.) As one learned in the Law, he stopped their mouths, and suffered them not to speak. They thought they were rid of disputation in such matters, in getting rid of Stephen, and they found another, more vehement than Stephen. 479\n(Recapitulation.) But let us look at what relates to Ananias. 480 The Lord said not to him, Converse with him, and catechize him. For if, when He said, \u201cHe prayeth, and hath seen a man laying his hands upon him,\u201d (Acts 9:11, 12.) He did not persuade him, much less had He said this. So that he shall not disbelieve thee, \u201che hath seen in a vision.\u201d Observe how in the former instance neither is Philip told all immediately. Fear not, He saith: \u201cfor this man is a chosen vessel for Me. (Acts 9.15.) He more than sufficiently released him of his fear, if the case be so that this man shall be so zealous in our cause, as even to suffer many things. And justly he is called \u201ca vessel\u201d (or, instrument)\u2014for reason shows that evil is not a physical quality: \u201ca vessel of election\u201d (or, chosen instrument), He saith; for we choose that which is approved. And let not any imagine, that (Ananias) speaks in unbelief of what was told him, as imagining that Christ was deceived: far from it! but affrighted and trembling, he did not even attend to what was said, at hearing the name of Paul. Moreover, the Lord does not tell that He has blinded him: at the mention of his name fear had prepossessed his soul: \u201csee,\u201d he says, \u201cto whom Thou art betraying me: \u2018and hither for this very purpose is he come, to bind all that call upon Thy Name.\u2019 I fear, lest he take me to Jerusalem: why dost Thou cast me into the mouth of the lion?\u201d He is terrified, even while he speaks these words; that from every quarter we may learn the energetic character (\u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd) of the man. For that these things should be spoken by Jews, were nothing wonderful: but that these (the believers) are so terrified, it is a most mighty proof of the power of God. Both the fear is shown, and the obedience greater after the fear. For there was indeed need of strength. Since He says, \u201ca vessel of election,\u201d that thou mayest not imagine that God is to do all, He adds, \u201cto bear My Name before Gentiles and kings, and the children of Israel. Ananias has heard what he most desired\u2014that against the Jews also he will take his stand: this above all gave him courage. \u201cFor I,\u201d saith He, \u201cwill show him how great things he must suffer for My Name\u2019s sake.\u201d At the same time also this is said by way of putting Ananias to the blush: If he, that was so frantic, shall suffer all things, and thou not willing even to baptize him! \u201cIt is well,\u201d saith he: \u201clet him continue blind\u201d (this 481 is why he says these words): \u201che is blind: why dost Thou at all bid me open his eyes, that he may bind (men) again?\u201d Fear not the future: for that opening of his eyes he will use not against you, but for you (with reference to that saying, \u201cThat he may receive his sight\u201d (Acts 9.12), these words are spoken): for not only will he do you no harm, but he \u201cwill suffer many things.\u201d And what is wonderful indeed is, 482 that he shall first know \u201chow great things he shall suffer,\u201d and then shall take the field against the perils.\u2014\u201cBrother Saul, the Lord Jesus\u201d\u2014he saith not, \u201cWho made thee blind,\u201d but, \u201cWho appeared with thee in the way, hath sent me unto thee that thou mayest receive thy sight\u201d (Acts 9.17): observe this man also, how he utters nothing boastful, but just as Peter said in the case of the lame man, \u201cWhy look ye on us, as though by our own power or holiness we had made him to walk,\u201d (Acts 3.12) so here also he saith, \u201cJesus, Who appeared unto thee.\u201d (b) Or, 483 (he saith it) that the other may believe: and he saith not, He that was crucified, the Son of God, He that doeth wonders: but what? \u201cHe that appeared unto thee:\u201d (speaking) from what the other knew: as Christ also added no more, neither said, I am Jesus, the Crucified, the Risen: but what? \u201cWhom thou persecutest.\u201d Ananias said not, \u201cThe persecuted,\u201d that he may not seem as it were to rave over him (\u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af& 139\u00b7\u03bd), to deride him, \u201cWho appeared unto thee in the way:\u201d and yet He did not (visibly) appear, but was seen by the things done. And immediately he added, wishing to draw a veil over the accusation: \u201cThat thou mayest receive thy sight.\u201d I came not to reprove the past, but to bestow the gift: \u201cthat thou mayest receive thy sight, and be filled with the Holy Ghost.\u201d (a) With hands laid on, he spake these words. \u201cAnd immediately there fell from his eyes,\u201d etc. (Acts 9.18): a double blindness is removed.\u2014And why saith it, \u201cHaving taken food, he was strengthened?\u201d (Acts 9.19.) Because they that are in such case become relaxed: he had no heart to partake of food before, until he obtained the mighty gifts. (c) It seems to me, that both Paul and Cornelius, at the very instant when the words were spoken, received the Spirit. And yet (in this case) the giver was no great one. So true is it, that there was naught of man\u2019s in the things done, nor aught was done by man, but God was present, the Doer of these things. And at the same time (the Lord) both teaches him to think modestly of himself, in that He does not bring him to the Apostles who were so admired, and shows that there is nothing of man here. He was not filled, however, with the Spirit which works signs: that in this way also his faith might be shown; for he wrought no miracles. \u201cAnd straightway,\u201d it says, \u201cin the synagogues he preached Jesus\u201d\u2014(Acts 9.20) not that He is risen\u2014not this: no, nor that He liveth: but what? immediately he strictly expounded the doctrine\u2014\u201cthat this is the Son of God. And all that heard him were amazed,\u201d etc. (Acts 9.21.) They were reduced to utter incredulity. And yet they ought not to have wondered only, but to worship and reverence. \u201cIs not this he,\u201d etc. He had not merely been a persecutor, but \u201cdestroyed them which called on this Name\u201d\u2014they did not say, \u201con Jesus;\u201d for hatred, they could not bear even to hear His name\u2014and what is more marvellous still, \u201cand came hither for this purpose,\u201d etc. \u201cWe cannot say, that he associated with the Apostles before.\u201d See by how many (witnesses) he is confessed to have been of the number of the enemies! But Paul not only was not confounded by these things, nor hid his face for shame, but \u201cincreased the more in strength, and confounded the Jews\u201d (Acts 9.22), i.e. put them to silence, left them nothing to say for themselves, \u201cproving, that this is very Christ.\u201d \u201cTeaching,\u201d it says: for this man was a teacher.\n\u201cAnd after that many days were fulfilled, the Jews took counsel to kill him.\u201d 484 (Acts 9.23.) The Jews again resort to that valid argument (\u1f30\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u1f78\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd) of theirs, not now seeking false-accusers and false-witnesses; they cannot wait for these now: but what do they? They set about it by themselves. For as they see the affair on the increase, they do not even use the form of a trial. \u201cBut their laying await was known of Saul. And they watched the gates day and night to kill him.\u201d (Acts 9.24.) For this was more intolerable to them than the miracles which had taken place\u2014than the five thousand, the three thousand, than everything, in short. And observe him, how he is delivered, not by (miraculous) grace, but by man\u2019s wisdom\u2014not as the apostles were\u2014(\u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1f34\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9, Acts 5.19) that thou mayest learn the energetic (\u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd) character of the man, how he shines even without miracles. \u201cThen the disciples took him by night,\u201d that the affair might not be suspected, \u201cand let him down by the wall in a basket.\u201d 485 (Acts 9.25.) What then? having escaped such a danger, does he flee? By no means, but goes where he kindled them to greater rage.\n(Recapitulation, Acts 9:20, 21.) \u201cAnd straightway in the synagogues he preached Jesus\u201d\u2014for he was accurate in the faith\u2014\u201cthat this is the Son of God. But all that heard him were amazed,\u201d etc., for indeed it was incredible. \u201cBut Saul increased,\u201d etc. Therefore \u201cafter many days\u201d this happens: viz. the Jews \u201ctook counsel to kill him. And their laying await was known of Saul.\u201d (Acts 22-24.) What does this mean? It is likely that for awhile he did not choose to depart thence, though many, perhaps, besought him; but when he learnt it, then he permitted his disciples: for he had disciples immediately.\n\u201cThen the disciples,\u201d etc. (Acts 9.25.) Of this occurrence he says: \u201cThe ethnarch of Aretas the king kept the city of the Damascenes with a garrison, desiring to apprehend me.\u201d (2 Cor. xi. 32.) But observe the Writer here, 486 that he does not tell the story ambitiously, and so as to show what an important person Paul was, saying, \u201cFor they stirred up the king,\u201d and so forth: but only, \u201cThen the disciples took him by night, and let him down by the wall\u2014in a basket:\u201d for they sent him out alone, and none with him. And it was well they did this: the consequence being, that he showed himself to the Apostles in Jerusalem. Now they sent him out, as bound to provide for his safety by flight: but he did just the contrary\u2014he leaped into the midst of those who were mad against him. This it is to be on fire, this to be fervent indeed! From that day forth he knew all the commands which the Apostles had heard: \u201cExcept a man take up his cross, and follow Me.\u201d (Matt. x. 38.) The very fact that he had been slower to come than the rest made him more zealous: for \u201cto whom much is forgiven\u201d (Luke vii. 47) the same will love more, so that the later he came, the more he loved: * * * 487 and having done ten thousand wrongs, he thought he could never do enough to cast the former deeds into the shade. \u201cProving\u201d (Acts 9.22), it says: i.e. with mildness teaching. And observe, they did not say to him, Thou art he that destroyed: why art thou changed? for they were ashamed: but they said it to themselves. For he would have said to them, This very thing ought to teach you, as in fact he does thus plead in his speech before Agrippa. Let us imitate this, man: let us bear our souls in our hands ready to confront all dangers.\u2014(That he fled from Damascus) this was no cowardice: 488 he preserved himself for the preaching. Had he been a coward, he would not have gone to Jerusalem, would not immediately have commenced teaching: he would have abated somewhat of his vehemence: for he had been taught by the fate of Stephen. He was no coward, but he was also prudent (\u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2) (in husbanding himself). Wherefore he thought it no great thing to die for the Gospel\u2019s sake, unless he should do this to great advantage: willing not even to see Christ, Whom most of all he longed to see, while the work of his stewardship among men was not yet complete. (Phil. 1:23, 24). Such ought to be the soul of a Christian. From 489 his first appearance from the very outset, the character of Paul declared itself: nay even before this, even in the things which he did \u201cnot according to knowledge\u201d (Rom. x. 2), it was not by man\u2019s reasoning that he was moved to act as he did. 490 For if, so long afterwards, he was content not to depart, much more at the beginning of his trading voyage, when he had but just left the harbor! Many things Christ leaves to be done by (ordinary) human wisdom, that we may learn that (his disciples) were men, that it was not all everywhere to be done by grace: for otherwise they would have been mere motionless logs: but in many things they managed matters themselves.\u2014This is not less than martyrdom,\u2014to shrink from no suffering for the sake of the salvation of the many. Nothing so delights God. Again will I repeat what I have often said: and I repeat it, because I do exceedingly desire it: as Christ also did the same, when discoursing concerning forgiveness: \u201cWhen ye pray, forgive if ye have aught against any man:\u201d (Mark xi. 25.) and again to Peter He said, \u201cI say not unto thee, Forgive until seven times, but until seventy-times seven.\u201d (Matt. xviii. 22.) And Himself in fact forgives the transgressions against Him. So do we also, because we know that this is the very goal of Christianity, continually discourse thereof. Nothing is more frigid than a Christian, who cares not for the salvation of others. Thou canst not here plead poverty: for she that cast down the two mites, shall be thine accuser. (Luke xxi. 1.) And Peter said, \u201cSilver and gold have I none.\u201d (Acts iii. 6.) And Paul was so poor, that he was often hungered, and wanted necessary food. Thou canst not plead lowness of birth: for they too were ignoble men, and of ignoble parents. Thou canst not allege want of education: for they too were \u201cunlearned men.\u201d (Acts iv. 13.) Even if thou be a slave therefore and a runaway slave, thou canst perform thy part: for such was Onesimus: yet see to what Paul calls him, and to how great honor he advances him: \u201cthat he may communicate with me,\u201d he says, \u201cin my bonds.\u201d (Philem. v. 13.) Thou canst not plead infirmity: for such was Timothy, having often infirmities; for, says the apostle, \u201cUse a little wine for thy stomach\u2019s sake, and thine often infirmities.\u201d (1 Tim. v. 23.) Every one can profit his neighbor, if he will fulfil his part. See ye not the unfruitful trees, how strong they are, how fair, how large also, and smooth, and of great height? But if we had a garden; we should much rather have pomegranates, or fruitful olive trees: for the others are for delight to the eye, not for profit, which in them is but small. Such are those men who only consider their own interest: nay, not such even since these persons are fit only for burning: whereas those trees are useful both for building and for the safety of those within. Such too were those Virgins, chaste indeed, and decent, and modest, but profitable to none (Matt. xxv. 1) wherefore they are burned. Such are they who have not nourished Christ. For observe that none of those are charged with particular sins of their own, with fornication, for instance, or with perjury; in short, with no sin but the having been of no use to another. Such was he who buried his talent, showing indeed a blameless life, but not being useful to another. (Matt. 25.25.) How can such an one be a Christian? Say, if the leaven being mixed up with the flour did not change the whole into its own nature, would such a thing be leaven? Again, if a perfume shed no sweet odor on those who approach it, could we call it a perfume? Say not, \u201cIt is impossible for me to induce others (to become Christians)\u201d\u2014for if thou art a Christian, it is impossible but that it should be so. For as the natural properties of things cannot be gainsaid, so it is here: the thing is part of the very nature of the Christian. Do not insult God. To say, that the sun cannot shine, would be to insult Him: to say that a Christian cannot do good, is to insult God, and call Him a liar. For it is easier for the sun not to give heat, nor to shine, than for the Christian not to send forth light: it is easier for the light to be darkness, than for this to be so. Tell me not that it is impossible: the contrary is the impossible. Do not insult God. If we once get our own affairs in a right state, the other will certainly follow as a natural and necessary consequence. It is not possible for the light of a Christian to be hid; not possible for a lamp so conspicuous as that to be concealed. Let us not be careless. For, as the profit from virtue reaches both to ourselves, and to those who are benefited by it: so from vice there is a two-fold loss, reaching both to ourselves, and to those who are injured by it. Let there be (if you will) some private man, who has suffered numberless ills from some one, and let no one take his part, yet let that man still return good offices; what teaching so mighty as this? What words, or what exhortations could equal it? What wrath were it not enough to extinguish and soften? Knowing therefore these things, let us hold fast to virtue, as knowing that it is not possible to be saved otherwise, than by passing through this present life in doing these good works, that we may also obtain the good things which are to come, through the grace and mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ, with Whom to the Father together with the Holy Spirit be glory, might, honor, now and ever, world without end. Amen.\n\u0152cumen. adds from some other source, \u201cbut Ananias who was one of the Seventy:\u201d and afterwards, \u201cAnd this Ananias was a deacon, as Paul himself testifies in the Canons:\u201d the latter from Ammonius the Presbyter, in the Catena.\u2014Below, \u039a\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 (Cat., \u1fde\u039f\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1) \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u1f26\u03bd, \u03b4\u1fc6\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd, C. comp. p. 279. But Edd. \u201cBut that Ananias also was one of the very distinguished persons, is plain both from what (the Lord) reveals and says to him, and from what he himself says in answer: Lord, I have heard,\u201d etc.\ni:474\n\u039a\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f30\u03b4\u1f7c\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd. \u039f\u1f50\u03ba \u1f00\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u1fc3. The mod, t. prefixes \u039c\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4, and adds, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9; \u1fbd\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9. \u201cNay, even seeing him afraid, even then He said not, Thou shalt not be disbelieved: (Erasm. negligently, Be not unbelieving:) but what? Arise,\u201d etc. So Morel. Sav. but Ben. puts a full stop at \u1f30\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd: as if the meaning were, \u201cbecause He would teach us,\u201d etc.: or rather, \u201cbecause He also saw him to be afraid. Nor did He speak thus. Thou shalt not,\u201d etc. But the full stop should be placed at \u03b5\u1f36\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd: \u201cnay, though he saw him afraid, He did not tell him what had happened to Paul\u2014the victory He had won over this adversary. But only, Fear not to be disbelieved for he hath seen,\u201d etc.\ni:475\n\u1f35\u03bd\u03b1 \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3, \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9 \u03ba\u1f00\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u1ff3. (Sav. marg. \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf, \u03ba\u1f00\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf.) \u201cThat as He (Christ) astonished (Ananias) by the one, so He may by the other.\u201d \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3, by the announcement of Saul as a believer; \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u1ff3, by that of his becoming a preacher, and before Gentiles and kings. (Chrys. is negligent in his use of the pronouns \u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 and \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2.) Or it may be, \u201cthat as he (Saul) astonished (men) by his conversion, so by his wonderful boldness as a preacher.\u201d\u2014E. Edd. omit this, and substitute, \u201cas to prevail over all nations and kings.\u201d\ni:476\n\u201cBut when was the name of Jesus put upon Paul, that he should recover his sight? Here is either something wrong in the text, or we must say that Ananias put the name of Jesus on Paul, when, having laid his hands on him, he told him that it was Jesus from whom he should receive his sight.\u201d Ben.,\u2014who surely must have overlooked the clause \u1f45\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u1f14\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, to which these words belong.\u2014Above, \u03a4\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd, the meaning is, that this falling off the scales, etc., is an emblem of his mental blindness, and of his recovery therefrom. The innovator, not understanding this, alters it to, \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0. \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f30\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u201cSome say that these were the cause of his blindness:\u201d which is accepted by Edd.\u2014And below, \u201clest any should imagine,\u201d etc., where \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2, E. bracketted by Sav., adopted by the other Edd. is due to the same hand.\ni:477\nFor \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd (the reading accredited by the leading authorities in Acts 9.20) here and in the second exposition, E. alone has \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd (with text recept.) adopted by Edd.\ni:478\n\u039a\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f50\u03b8\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f41 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f26\u03bd viz. ch. vii. 58. C. has \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, for which A. conjecturally substitutes \u03b8\u03b1\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.\ni:479\nThe narratives given by Paul himself of his conversion in Acts 22:0, Acts 26:0Acts xxii. and Acts xxvi. as well as allusion to the subjects in his epistles, present some harmonistic difficulties, which have, however, been greatly exaggerated by a criticism which is unfavorable to the historical character of the Acts. The constant factors in all the accounts are: the light from heaven, the voice of Jesus and Saul\u2019s answer, and the solemn charge commissioning Saul to bear the name of Christ to the Gentiles. In Acts xxvi. the interview with Ananias is omitted; in Acts 22. it is narrated, but the occasion of Ananias\u2019 going to Saul is not given; in Acts 9. the Lord is represented as speaking to him and bidding him go, and it is affirmed that at the same time Saul has a vision of his coming. In Acts 22. the address of Ananias is considerably more extended than in Acts 9. Some minor points of difference have been noted, as: in Acts 9.7 it is said that Saul\u2019s companions heard the voice but saw no one, while in Acts 22.9, it is said that they saw the light but heard not the voice of Him who spoke. The discrepancy is resolved by many by translating \u1f24\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd(Acts 22.9) \u201cunderstood\u201d\u2014an admissable sense (so, Lechler, Hackett, Lange). It is certainly an unwarranted criticism which rejects the common matter of the various narratives upon the ground of such incidental variations in the traditions in which a great and mysterious experience has been preserved.\u2014G.B.S.\ni:480\n\u03a3\u03ba\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2\u00b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u1f21 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u00b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u1f76\u03bd, \u1f10\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u1fc6\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u03cc\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f10\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1. A. B. C. N. i.e. \u201cJustly is he called a \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bf\u03c2, for he is well-fitted for the work of Christ by his energy and earnestness. These need but to be turned to the right objects. It is contrary to right reason to say, that evil is a physical quality or essence, and therefore unchangeable. (See this argued Hom. lix. in Matt. p. 596.) A fit implement, therefore, and of no common kind: a \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u1fc6\u03c2, of all others to be chosen, because of its approved suitableness for the purpose.\u201d Thus St. Chrysostom constantly interprets this expression. Hom. xviii. in Rom. \u00a76 t. ix. 638. \u201cWhen the stars were created, the Angels admired: but this man Christ Himself admired, saying, A chosen vessel is this man to Me!\u201d Comm. in c. 1. Gal. \u00a79, t. x. 674 \u201cCalled me by His grace. Yet God saith, that He called Him, because of his virtue, (\u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd,) saying, A chosen vessel, etc.: i.e. fit to do service, and do a great work\u2026But Paul himself everywhere ascribes it all to grace.\u201d Hom. iii. in 1 Tim. \u00a71, t. xi. 562. \u201cGod, foreknowing what he would be before he began to preach, saith, A chosen vessel etc. For as they who in war bear the royal standard, the labarum as we call it, have need of much skill and bravery not to deliver it into the enemy\u2019s hands, so they that bear the name of Christ,\u201d etc. And de Compunct. ad Demetr. lib. i. \u00a79, t. i. 138. \u201cSince grace will have our part, (\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1fbd \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6,) therefore some it follows and abides with, from some it departs, and to the rest it never even reaches. And to show that God first examined well the bent of the will (\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2,) and thereupon gave the grace before this blessed man had done aught wonderful, hear what the Lord saith of him: A chosen vessel,\u201d etc.\u2014The modern text: \u201cAnd having said \u03a3\u03ba\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bf\u03c2, so as to show that the evil in him (\u1f21 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6) is not physical, He adds, \u1f10\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u1fc6\u03c2, to declare that he is also approved; for,\u201d etc.\u2014\u0152cumen. \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u1f76 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u1f21 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7, \u201cThe Lord shows that vice is not natural to him.\u201d\ni:481\n\u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9: i.e. Ananias\u2019 objection, (Acts 9.13) in fact comes to this: this was the feeling which prompted his words. The innovator substitutes, \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u1f25\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9\u2026\u201ctherefore is he now gentle, because he is blind:\u201d E. Edd.\u2014The meaning is; \u201cIn saying, \u2018I will show him how much he shall suffer,\u2019 etc. the Lord rebukes Ananias\u2019 reluctance to baptize him, and restore his sight: his answer, \u2018Lord, I have heard,\u2019 etc. was in fact as good as saying, Let him remain blind, it is better so.\u201d The parenthetic, \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78, \u1fde\u0399\u03bd\u03b1 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c8\u1fc3, \u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f34\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, looks like a marginal note of one who did not perceive the connection.\u2014E. makes it, \u201cTo that saying, \u2018That he may receive his sight,\u2019 let this be added.\u201d\ni:482\n\u039a\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u1f74 \u03b8\u03b1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5. So all our mss. (Cat. \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03c1.) We conjecture the true reading to be, \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f34\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9: \u201che shall first know,\u201d viz. \u201chow many things he must suffer,\u201d etc. Acts 9.16.\ni:483\nIn the mss. and Edd. the portions here marked b, a, c, occur in the order a, b, c. The clause \u1f22 \u1f65\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd being thus thrown out of its connection, perplexed the scribes: Cat. omits \u1f23, \u201cuntil he obtained the mighty gifts, so that he (\u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, Ananias?) believed.\u201d A. E. F. D. reject the clause altogether. N. \u1f65\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0. \u1f10.\ni:484\nIt is noticeable that in Acts 22.17, Paul is reported as connecting his going to Jerusalem directly with the narrative of his conversion, while in Gal. 1:16, 17 he states that it was not until three years after his conversion that he went up to Jerusalem. The various notices can only be matched together on the view that the coming to Jerusalem mentioned in Acts 9.26 was the same as that of Gal. i. 18, and that this occurred about three years after his conversion. The \u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f31\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03af of Acts 9.23 must therefore include the time spent in Arabia (Gal. i. 17)., after which Paul must have returned to Damascus, before going up to Jerusalem. In this way the narratives can be harmonized without admitting a contradiction (as Baur, Zeller, De Wette); it is probable, however, that Luke did not know of the visit to Arabia, but connected Paul\u2019s going to Jerusalem closely with his conversion.\u2014G.B.S.\ni:485\nThe best textual authorities (A. B. C. \u05d0,) and critics (Tisch. W. and H., Lechler, Meyer, Gloag) here read: \u201chis (Saul\u2019s) disciples,\u201d So R.V.\u2026The reference is to the band of converts whom he had been successful in winning at Damascus. In Paul\u2019s own narrative of his escape from Damascus (2 Cor. xi. 33) he states more specifically that he was let down \u201cthrough a window, through the wall.\u201d This may have been either through the window of a house overhanging the wall, or through a window in the face of some portion of the wall (Cf. Josh. ii. 15; 1 Sam. xix. 12).\u2014G.B.S.\ni:486\n\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd: Edd. \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b5\u1f50\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd: and below from E. alone, \u201c\u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u1f10\u03c0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1, not speaking ambitiously, and making Paul illustrious, but only (saying) that they stirred up the king.\u201d But he does not say it, and his not saying it is the very thing which Chrys. commends: \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1fbd \u1f45\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03a0., \u201c\u1fbd\u0395\u03c0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03ac\u03c1,\u201d \u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u201c\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1.\u201d The \u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u1f76\u03bd here is put hypothetically, \u201cas if he had said,\u201d or \u201cwhen he might have said.\u201d The sentence, however, requires something to complete it, such as we have added in the translation.\ni:487\n\u1fbd\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u1fbd \u1f14\u03bd\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 (N. \u1f15\u03bd\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1) \u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u1f20\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03ba\u1f7c\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u1f21\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03bf \u1f31\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u1f78\u03bd, \u03ba. \u03c4. \u03bb. So all our mss. except E. If \u1f14\u03bd\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 be not corrupt, it seems to be used in a sense unknown to the Lexicons.\u2014Edd. from E. \u201cTherefore it is that he so pillories (\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd) his former life, and brands (\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd) himself repeatedly, and thinks nothing enough,\u201d etc.\ni:488\nHom.xxv. in 2 Cor. p. 615. Hom. v. de Laud. S. Pauli, t. ii. 501.\ni:489\nHom.xxvi. in 2 Cor. p. 617, B.\ni:490\n\u039c\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd \u03bf\u1f37\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03b3\u03bd\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03b9, \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba (B. \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72, A. om. \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u1ff3 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u1ff7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf. i.e. \u201cEven as a persecutor, he was not swayed by common worldly considerations.\u201d The mod. t. (Edd.) perverts the Author\u2019s meaning:\u201c\u2014nay even before this. For in the things, etc. he was moved by man\u2019s reasoning to act as he did.\u201d","title":"Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Vol. XI: A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles: Homily XX on Acts ix. 10, 12.","type":"page"}