{"collection":"chr","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/chr/ecf/112/1120069.htm","path":"chr/ecf/112/1120069.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/chr/ecf/112/1120069.htm","text":"p. 372 Homily XX.\nNow He that supplied seed to the sower, both minister bread for your food, and multiply your seed for sowing and increase the fruits of your righteousness 866 .\nHerein one may particularly admire the wisdom of Paul, that after having exhorted from spiritual considerations and from temporal, in respect of the recompense also he again does the very same, making the returns he mentions of either kind. This, (for instance,) \u201cHe hath scattered abroad, he hath given to the poor, his righteousness abideth for ever,\u201d belongs to a spiritual return; that again, \u201cmultiply your seed for sowing,\u201d to a temporal recompense. Still, however, he rests not here, but even again passes back to what is spiritual, placing the two continually side by side; for \u201cincrease the fruits of your righteousness,\u201d is spiritual. This he does, and gives variety by it to his discourse, tearing up by the roots those their unmanly and faint-hearted reasonings, and using many arguments to dissipate their fear of poverty, as also the example which he now brings. For if even to those that sow the earth God gives, if to those that feed the body He grants abundance; much more will He to those who till the soil 867 of heaven, to those who take care for the soul; for these things He willeth should yet more enjoy His providing care. However, he does not state this in the way of inference nor in the manner I have done, but in the form of a prayer; thus at once making the reference plain, and the rather leading them on to hope, not only from what [commonly] takes place, but also from his own prayer: for, \u2018May He minister,\u2019 saith he, \u2018and multiply your seed for sowing, and increase the fruits of your righteousness.\u2019 Here also again he hints, in an unsuspicious way, at largeness [in giving], for the words, \u201cmultiply and increase,\u201d are by way of indicating this; and at the same time he allows them to seek for nothing more than necessaries, saying, \u201cbread for food.\u201d For this also is particularly worthy of admiration in him, (and it is a point he successfully established 868 even before,) namely, that in things which be necessary, he allows them to seek for nothing more than need requires; but in spiritual things counsels them to get for themselves a large superabundance. Wherefore he said above also, \u201cthat having a sufficiency ye may abound to every good work:\u201d and here, \u201cHe that ministereth bread for food, multiply your seed for sowing;\u201d that is to say, the spiritual [seed]. For he asks not almsgiving merely, but with largeness. Wherefore also he continually calls it \u201cseed.\u201d For like as the corn cast into the ground showeth luxuriant crops, so also many are the handfuls almsgiving produceth of righteousness, and unspeakable the fruits it showeth. Then having prayed for great affluence unto them, he shows again in what they ought to expend it, saying,\n2 Cor. 9.11. \u201cThat being enriched in every thing to all liberality, which worketh through us thanksgiving to God.\u201d\nNot that ye may consume it upon things not fitting, but upon such as bring much thanksgiving to God. For God made us to have the disposal of great things, and reserving to Himself that which is less yielded to us that which is greater. For corporeal 869 nourishment is at His sole disposal, but mental 870 He permitted to us; for we have it at our own disposal whether the crops we have to show be luxuriant. For no need is here of rains and of variety of seasons, but of the will only, and they run up to heaven itself. And largeness in giving is what he here calls liberality 871 . \u201cWhich worketh through us thanksgiving to God.\u201d For neither is that which is done almsgiving merely, but also the ground of much thanksgiving: yea rather, not of thanksgiving only, but of many other things besides. And these as he goes on he mentions, that by showing it to be the cause of many good works, he may make them thereby the forwarder.\n[2.] What then are these many good works? Hear him saying:\n2 Cor. 9.12-14. \u201cFor the ministration of this service, not only filleth up the measure of the wants of the saints, but aboundeth also through p. 373 many thanksgivings unto God; seeing that through the proving 872 of you by this ministration, they glorify God for the obedience of your confession unto the Gospel 873 , and for the liberality of your contribution unto them and unto all; while they also with supplication on your behalf, long after you by reason of the exceeding grace of God in you.\u201d\nWhat he says is this; \u2018in the first place ye not only supply the wants of the saints, but ye are abundant even;\u2019 that is, \u2018ye furnish them with even more than they need: next, through them ye send up thanksgiving to God, for they glorify Him for the obedience of your confession.\u2019 For that he may not represent them as giving thanks on this account solely, (I mean, because they received somewhat,) see how high-minded he makes them, exactly as he himself says to the Philippians, \u201cNot that I desire a gift.\u201d (Philip. iv. 17.) \u2018To them too I bear record of the same thing. For they rejoice indeed that ye supply their wants and alleviate their poverty; but far more, in that ye are so subjected to the Gospel; whereof this is an evidence, your contributing so largely.\u2019 For this the Gospel enjoins.\n\u201cAnd for the liberality of your contribution unto them and unto all.\u201d \u2018And on this account,\u2019 he says, \u2018they glorify God that ye are so liberal, not unto them only, but also unto all.\u2019 And this again is made a praise unto them that they gave thanks even for that which is bestowed upon others. \u2018For,\u2019 saith he, \u2018they do honor 874 , not to their own concerns only, but also to those of others, and this although they are in the extremest poverty; which is an evidence of their great virtue. For nothing is so full of envy as the whole race of such as are in poverty. But they are pure from this passion; being so far from feeling pained because of the things ye impart to others, that they even rejoice over it no less than over the things themselves receive.\u2019\n\u201cWhile they themselves also with supplication.\u201d \u2018For in respect of these things,\u2019 saith he, \u2018they give thanks to God, but in respect of your love and your coming together, they beseech Him that they may be counted worthy to see you. For they long after this, not for the money\u2019s sake, but that they may be witnesses of the grace that hath been bestowed upon you.\u2019 Seest thou Paul\u2019s wisdom, how after having exalted them, he ascribed the whole to God by calling the thing \u201cgrace?\u201d For seeing he had spoken great things of them, in that he called them ministers and exalted them unto a great height, (since they offered service 875 whilst he himself did but administer 876 ,) and termed them \u2018proved 877 ,\u2019 he shows that God was the Author of all these things. And he himself again, along with them, sends up thanksgiving, saying,\n2 Cor. 9.15. \u201cThanks be to God for His unspeakable gift.\u201d\nAnd here he calls \u201cgift,\u201d even those so many good things which are wrought by almsgiving, both to them that receive and them that give; or else, those unspeakable good things which through His advent He gave unto the whole world with great munificence, which one may suspect to be the most probable. For that he may at once both sober, and make them more liberal, he puts them in mind of the benefits they had received from God. For this avails very greatly in inciting unto all virtue; and therefore he concluded his discourse with it. But if His Gift be unspeakable, what can match their frenzy who raise curious questions as to His Essence? But not only is His Gift unspeakable, but that \u201cpeace\u201d also \u201cpasseth all understanding,\u201d (Philip. iv. 7.) whereby He reconciled the things which are above with those which are below.\n[3.] Seeing then that we are in the enjoyment of so great grace, let us strive to exhibit a virtue of life worthy of it, and to make much account of almsgiving. And this we shall do, if we shun excess and drunkenness and gluttony. 878 For God gave meat and drink not for excess, but for nourishment. For it is not the wine that produceth drunkenness, for if that were the case, every body would needs be drunken. \u2018But,\u2019 saith one, \u2018it would be better, if even to drink it largely did not injure.\u2019 These are drunkards\u2019 words. For if to drink it largely doth injure, and yet not even so thou desistest from thy excess in it; if this is so disgraceful and injurious, and yet thou ceasest not even so from thy depraved longing; if it were possible both to drink largely and be nothing harmed, where wouldest thou have stayed in thine excess? Wouldest thou not have longed that the rivers even might become wine? wouldest thou not have destroyed and ruined everything? If there is a mean in food which when we overpass we are injured, and yet even so thou canst not bear the curb, but snapping it as under seizest on what every body else hath, to minister to the wicked tyranny of this gluttony; what wouldest thou not have done, if this natural mean were abolished? wouldest thou not have spent thy whole time upon it? Would it then have been well to strengthen a lust so unreasonable, and not prevent the harm arising from excess? and to how many other harms would not this have given birth?\nBut O the senseless ones! who wallowing as in mire, in drunkeness and all other debauchery, p. 374 when they have got a little sober again, sit down and do nothing but utter such sort of sayings, \u2018Why doth this end 879 in this way?\u2019 when they ought to be condemning their own transgressions. For instead of what thou now sayest, \u2018Why hath He set bounds? why do not all things go on without any order?\u2019 say, \u2018Why do we not cease from being drunken? why are we never satiated? why are we more senseless than creatures without reason?\u2019 For these things they ought to ask one another, and to hearken to the voice of the Apostle and learn how many good things he witnesseth to the Corinthians proceed from almsgiving, and to seize upon this treasure. For to contemn money maketh men approved, as he said; and provideth that God be glorified; and warmeth love; and worketh in men loftiness of soul; and constituteth them priests, yea of a priesthood that bringeth great reward. For the merciful man is not arrayed in a vest reaching to the feet, nor does he carry about bells, nor wear a crown; but he is wrapped in the robe of loving-kindness, a holier than the sacred vestment; and is anointed with oil, not composed of material elements, but produced 880 by the Spirit, and he beareth a crown of mercies, for it is said, \u201cWho crowneth thee with pity and mercies;\u201d (Ps. ciii. 4.) and instead of wearing a plate bearing the Name of God, is himself like to God. For how? \u201cYe,\u201d saith He, \u201cshall be like 881 unto your Father which is in heaven.\u201d (Matt. v. 45.)\nWouldest thou see His altar also? Bezaleel built it not, nor any other but God Himself; not of stones, but of a material brighter than the heaven, of reasonable souls. But the priest entereth into the holy of holies. Into yet more awful places mayest thou enter when thou offerest this sacrifice, where none is present but \u201cthy Father, Which seeth in secret,\u201d (Matt. vi. 4.) where no other beholdeth. \u2018And how,\u2019 saith one, \u2018is it possible that none should behold, when the altar standeth in public view?\u2019 Because this it is that is admirable, that in those times double doors and veils made the seclusion: but now, though doing thy sacrifice in public view, thou mayest do it as in the holy of holies, and in a far more awful manner. For when thou doest it not for display before men; though the whole world hath seen, none hath seen, because thou hast so done it. For He said not simply, \u201cDo\u201d it \u201cnot before men,\u201d but added, \u201cto be seen of them.\u201d (Matt. vi. 1.) This altar is composed of the very members of Christ, and the body of the Lord is made thine altar. That then revere; on the flesh of the Lord thou sacrificest the victim. This altar is more awful even than this which we now use, not only than that used of old. Nay, clamor not. For this altar is admirable because of the sacrifice that is laid upon it: but that, the merciful man\u2019s, not only on this account, but also because it is even composed of the very sacrifice which maketh the other to be admired. Again, this is but a stone by nature; but become holy because it receiveth Christ\u2019s Body: but that is holy because it is itself Christ\u2019s Body. So that this beside which thou, the layman, standest, is more awful than that. Whether then does Aaron seem to thee aught in comparison of this, or his crown, or his bells, or the holy of holies? For what need is there henceforth to make our comparison refer to Aaron\u2019s altar, when even compared with this, it has been shown to be so glorious? But thou honorest indeed this altar, because it receiveth Christ\u2019s body; but him that is himself the body of Christ thou treatest with contumely, and when perishing, neglectest. This altar mayest thou everywhere see lying, both in lanes and in market places, and mayest sacrifice upon it every hour; for on this too is sacrifice performed. And as the priest stands invoking the Spirit, so dost thou too invoke the Spirit, not by speech, but by deeds. For nothing doth so sustain and kindle the fire of the Spirit, as this oil largely poured out. But if thou wouldest see also what becomes of the things laid upon it, come hither, and I will show thee them. What then is the smoke, what the sweet savor of this altar? Praise and thanksgiving. And how far doth it ascend? as far as unto heaven? By no means, but it passeth beyond the heaven itself, and the heaven of heaven, and arriveth even at the throne of the King. For, \u201cThy prayers,\u201d saith he, \u201cand thine alms are come up before God.\u201d (Acts x. 4.) And the sweet savor which the sense perceives pierceth not far into the air, but this opened the very vault of heaven. And thou indeed art silent, but thy work speaketh 882 : and a sacrifice of praise is made, no heifer slain nor hide burnt, but a spiritual soul presenting her proper offering. For such a sacrifice is more acceptable than any loving-kindness. When then thou seest a poor believer, think that thou beholdest an altar: when thou seest such an one a beggar, not only insult him not, but even reverence him, and if thou seest another insulting him, prevent, repel it. For so shalt thou thyself be able both to have God propitious to thee, and to obtain the promised good things, whereunto may we all attain, through the grace and love towards men of our Lord Jesus Christ, by Whom and with Whom, to the Father and the Holy Ghost, be glory, might, honor, now and forever, and world without end. Amen.\n[The Rev. Version differs from Chrysostom\u2019s text, which is the same as the T.R. but is not well sustained. C.]\n372:867 372:868 372:869 372:870 372:871 373:872 373:873 373:874 373:875 373:876 373:877 373:878 374:879 374:880 374:881\nThis is St. Chrysostom\u2019s usual reading of the passage. As e.g. in his commentary on the text itself Hom. xviii. on St. Matthew, Oxf. Translation p. 277. [This edition p. 126.]\n374:882","title":"Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Vol. XII: Homilies on Second Corinthians.: Homily XX","type":"page"}