{"collection":"chr","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/chr/ecf/205/2050202.htm","path":"chr/ecf/205/2050202.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/chr/ecf/205/2050202.htm","text":"XX. What was the life in Paradise, and what was the forbidden tree 1677 ?\n1. What then is that which includes the knowledge of good and evil blended together, and is decked with the pleasures of sense? I think I am not aiming wide of the mark in employing, as a starting-point for my speculation, the sense of \u201cknowable 1678 .\u201d It is not, I think, \u201cscience\u201d which the Scripture here means by \u201cknowledge\u201d; but I find a certain distinction, according to Scriptural use, between \u201cknowledge\u201d and \u201cdiscernment\u201d: for to \u201cdisp. 410 cern\u201d skilfully the good from the evil, the Apostle says is a mark of a more perfect condition and of \u201cexercised senses 1679 ,\u201d for which reason also he bids us \u201cprove all things 1680 ,\u201d and says that \u201cdiscernment\u201d belongs to the spiritual man 1681 : but \u201cknowledge\u201d is not always to be understood of skill and acquaintance with anything, but of the disposition towards what is agreeable,\u2014as \u201cthe Lord knoweth them that are His 1682 \u201d; and He says to Moses, \u201cI knew thee above all 1683 \u201d; while of those condemned in their wickedness He Who knows all things says, \u201cI never knew you 1684 .\u201d\n2. The tree, then, from which comes this fruit of mixed knowledge, is among those things which are forbidden; and that fruit is combined of opposite qualities, which has the serpent to commend it, it may be for this reason, that the evil is not exposed in its nakedness, itself appearing in its own proper nature\u2014for wickedness would surely fail of its effect were it not decked with some fair colour to entice to the desire of it him whom it deceives\u2014but now the nature of evil is in a manner mixed, keeping destruction like some snare concealed in its depths, and displaying some phantom of good in the deceitfulness of its exterior. The beauty of the substance seems good to those who love money: yet \u201cthe love of money is a root of all evil 1685 \u201d: and who would plunge into the unsavoury mud of wantonness, were it not that he whom this bait hurries into passion thinks pleasure a thing fair and acceptable? so, too, the other sins keep their destruction hidden, and seem at first sight acceptable, and some deceit makes them earnestly sought after by unwary men instead of what is good.\n3. Now since the majority of men judge the good to lie in that which gratifies the senses, and there is a certain identity of name between that which is, and that which appears to be \u201cgood,\u201d\u2014for this reason that desire which arises towards what is evil, as though towards good, is called by Scripture \u201cthe knowledge of good and evil;\u201d \u201cknowledge,\u201d as we have said, expressing a certain mixed disposition. It speaks of the fruit of the forbidden tree not as a thing absolutely evil (because it is decked with good), nor as a thing purely good (because evil is latent in it), but as compounded of both, and declares that the tasting of it brings to death those who touch it; almost proclaiming aloud the doctrine that the very actual good is in its nature simple and uniform, alien from all duplicity or conjunction with its opposite, while evil is many-coloured and fairly adorned, being esteemed to be one thing and revealed by experience as another, the knowledge of which (that is, its reception by experience) is the beginning and antecedent of death and destruction.\n4. It was because he saw this that the serpent points out the evil fruit of sin, not showing the evil manifestly in its own nature (for man would not have been deceived by manifest evil), but giving to what the woman beheld the glamour of a certain beauty, and conjuring into its taste the spell of a sensual pleasure, he appeared to her to speak convincingly: \u201cand the woman saw,\u201d it says, \u201cthat the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes to behold, and fair to see; and she took of the fruit thereof and did eat 1686 ,\u201d and that eating became the mother of death to men. This, then, is that fruit-bearing of mixed character, where the passage clearly expresses the sense in which the tree was called \u201ccapable of the knowledge of good and evil,\u201d because, like the evil nature of poisons that are prepared with honey, it appears to be good in so far as it affects the senses with sweetness: but in so far as it destroys him who touches it, it is the worst of all evil. Thus when the evil poison worked its effect against man\u2019s life, then man, that noble thing and name, the image of God\u2019s nature, was made, as the prophet says, \u201clike unto vanity 1687 .\u201d\n5. The image, therefore, properly belongs to the better part of our attributes; but all in our life that is painful and miserable is far removed from the likeness to the Divine.\nOtherwise Chap. xxi. The Bodleian ms. of the Latin version gives as the title:\u2014\u201cWhy Scripture calls the tree, \u2018the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.\u2019\u201d\n409:1678\nThe reference is to Gen. ii. 9 (in LXX.), where the tree is called, \u03c4\u1f78 \u03be\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b5\u1f30\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6. S. Gregory proceeds to ascertain the exact meaning of the word \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd in the text; the eating is the \u201cknowing,\u201d but what is \u201cknowing\u201d? He answers, \u201cdesiring.\u201d\n410:1679\nCf. Heb. v. 14\n410:1680 410:1681\nCf. 1 Cor. ii. 15.\n410:1682 410:1683\nEx. xxxiii. 12 (LXX.).\n410:1684\nS. Matt. vii. 23.\n410:1685 410:1686 410:1687\nPs. cxliv. 4 (LXX.).","title":"Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Ser. II, Vol. V: Philosophical Works.: What was the life in Paradise, and what was the forbidden tree?","type":"page"}