{"collection":"Hinduism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/hin/db/bk03ch12.htm","path":"hin/db/bk03ch12.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/hin/db/bk03ch12.htm","text":"THE THIRD BOOK\nChapter XII\nOn the Amb\u00e2 Yaj\u00f1a rules\n1. The king spoke :-- O Lord! Kindly describe the rules and regulations as to how the Dev\u00ee Yaj\u00f1a (sacrifice) is performed with its duly prescribed rites and ceremonies. Hearing it I will unwearied perform it, as far as it lies in my power, with as little delay as possible.\n2. How the worship is done, what are the mantras, what are the articles required for oblations, how many Br\u00e2hmins are required and what Daksin\u00e2s are to be paid to them, describe in detail all these.\n3-5. Vy\u00e2sa said :-- O king! I am telling you duly how the Yaj\u00f1a is performed, hear. The actions are always threefold according as the preparations are made and according as they are practised with regard to the observed rules. The threefold divisions are S\u00e2ttvik, R\u00e2jasik and T\u00e2masic. The Munis do the S\u00e2ttvik P\u00fbj\u00e2, the kings celebrate R\u00e2jasic and the Rakshasas do the T\u00e2masik P\u00fbj\u00e2s. There is another P\u00fbj\u00e2 which is devoid of qualities and which is performed by the liberated ones. I will describe to you all these in detail.\n6-7. O king! The Yaj\u00f1a is then called S\u00e2ttvik, when it is performed in a S\u00e2ttvik country, like Benares, etc., in S\u00e2ttvik time, e.g., in Uttar\u00e2yana, when the materials collected are earned rightly, when the mantras are those of the Vedas, when the Br\u00e2hmin is Srotriya, where there is S\u00e2ttvik faith, void of any attachment towards the sensual objects, when all these happen to coincide. O king! When all the above takes place and there is purification of materials, actions, and mantras, i.e., when the\nmaterials are all right, when the actions are done as they ought to be, and where there is no error or omission, etc., in the mantras, etc., then and then only the Yaj\u00f1a becomes perfect and no doubt yield full results; there would be nothing contrary to this.\n8-9. If the Yaj\u00f1a is performed with articles not rightly earned, then there is no fame either in this world nor there is any reward in the next world. Therefore it is necessary that the Yaj\u00f1a should be performed with rightly earned materials; then there is fame in this world and better state in the next world; and happiness is also acquired; there is no doubt in this.\n10. O king! It is before your eyes, as it were, that the P\u00e2ndavas performed the R\u00e2jas\u00fbya Yaj\u00f1a, the king of sacrifices, and, on the completion whereof, the excellent Daksin\u00e2s were paid to the Br\u00e2hmins and others.\n11. In that Yaj\u00f1a the highly intelligent S\u2019r\u00ee Krisna Himself, the Lord of the Y\u00e2davas was present, as well as many other Br\u00e2hmanas, like Bh\u00e2radv\u00e2ja and other fully enightened souls.\n12. But within three months after completing the sacrifice, the P\u00e2ndavas suffered extreme hardships and had to live, with extreme difficulty, as exiles in the forest.\n13. Consider the insult shown towards Draupad\u00ee, the P\u00e2ndava's defeat in the play of gambling, their going away to dwell in the forest; these hardships were borne by the P\u00e2ndavas. What rewards did then the P\u00e2ndavas derive from the R\u00e2jas\u00fbya Yaj\u00f1a?\n14-15. All the high-souled P\u00e2ndavas had to work as slaves of Vir\u00e2ta; and Draupad\u00ee, the best of women, was very much troubled and insulted by Kichaka. When all these occurred, any one can easily ask where were the ashirv\u00e2das of the pure souled Br\u00e2hmanas? Also what result did they derive from their unflinching devotion towards S\u2019r\u00ee Krisna when they were involved in the above critical state?\n16. No one protected Draupad\u00ee, the chaste and the best, the daughter of Drupada, when she was drawn by her hair on her head into the hall of assembly where gambling was being played?\n17. O king! How could all these happen in a place where S\u2019r\u00ee Bhagav\u00e2n Kesava Himself and the high souled Yudhisth\u00eera were present? If one argues, one would conclude \u201cthere must have been something wrong in that Yaj\u00f1a.\u201d\n18. If you say that nothing wrong happened in the Yaj\u00f1a, all these were caused by Fate; then it comes to this :-- that the Vedic mantras, \u00c2gamas and the other Vedic rites are all fruitless.\n19. If it be argued that though the Vedic mantras are powerful enough to bear fruits, yet whatever is predestined to come to pass, will surely pass, then the proposition resolves into this :-- that all the means, expedients, and appliances lead to meaningless conclusions.\n20. Then the \u00c2gamas, the Vedas merely recommend a vidhi or precept by stating the good arising from its proper observance and the evils arising from its omission and also by adducing historical instances as its support; in other words, they are powerless as far as bearing fruits is concerned; all the acts are meaningless, asceticism to attain Heaven comes as useless and the peculiar duties of caste are fruitless. O king! This view is exceedingly culpable; it is never fit for acceptance by the highsouled persons.\n21. O King! If what is laid by God in the womb of futurity (a state of things preordained by God in which it is sure to take place in the fullness of time), be taken as the first-hand proof, then all the other proofs are rendered null and void. Therefore Fate and human exertion both are to be undoubtedly taken into account to ensure success.\n22. Human exertions being applied, if the results come otherwise, the wise Pundits would infer that some defects, omissions or imperfections crept into the work.\n23. All the Pundits, very learned and instituters of sacrifices have classed Karmas under different headings according as the agents, mantras, and articles employed in the worship vary.\n24. Once on an occasion Vis\u2019var\u00fbpa, ordained as a Guru by Indra (in a Yaj\u00f1a) (intentionally) did things contrary so as to benefit the Daityas, who belonged to his mother's side.\n25. Vis\u2019var\u00fbpa uttered repeatedly the mantrams beneficial to the gods, while they were present; and, during their absence, prayed heartily for the welfare of the Daityas; and, in the long run, protected the Daityas.\n26. On seeing the Asuras gaining strength, Indra, the Lord of the Devas, became very much enraged and instantly cut off Vis\u2019var\u00fbpa's head by his thunderbolt.\n27. O King! This is then the instance where the contrary fruits were borne out by the agent employed in performing the Yaj\u00f1a; there is no doubt in this. This is not possible in the other cases.\n28. See, again, the king of P\u00e2nch\u00e2la performed his sacrifice to get a son to kill Drona, the son of Bh\u00e2radv\u00e2ja; and though he did this out of angry motives, still Dhristadyumna was born out of fire; and Draupad\u00ee sprang out of the altar.\n29. Again, in days of yore, Das\u2019aratha, the king of Kosala, was sonless; and he instituted a sacrifice to get one son; and lo! be got four sons.\n30. Therefore O King! If the Yaj\u00f1a be performed according to proper rules and regulations, it yields fruits in all respects; again if it be done unrighteously, without any regard for the rules, etc., it yields results just the contrary; there is no doubt in this.\n31-32. Therefore, there must have been some defects in the Yaj\u00f1a of the P\u00e2ndavas; hence contrary effects ensued, and therefore the truthful king Yudhisth\u00eera and his powerful brothers and the chaste Draupad\u00ee were all defeated in the play at dice.\n33. It might be that the materials were not of a good stamp; they were all earned by killing the kings, good many in number, and earned thus unrighteously; or it might happen that the P\u00e2ndavas did their Yaj\u00f1a with too much egoism. However, this is certain that there had crept in some defects in their actions.\n34. O King! The S\u00e2ttvik Yaj\u00f1a is rare; it can be done only by the S\u00e2ttvik Munis who live in the 3rd order of the household life or who live as hermits.\n35-36. The ascetics that eat daily the S\u00e2ttvik food, the roots and fruits, collected from forests and obtained rightly, that is good to the Munis and that is well cleaned and purified, are the only ones that can perform with full devotions the S\u00e2ttvik Yaj\u00f1as, where no animals are sacrificed (where there are no sacrificial posts to which the victim is fastened at the time of immolation) and where offerings of cakes of ground rice in vessels are given. These are the best of all the S\u00e2ttvik Yaj\u00f1as.\n37. The Ksattriyas and the Vaisyas perform the Yaj\u00f1as with Abhim\u00e2n (self-conceit and egoism) where many presents are given, animals are sacrificed, and all things are well cleansed, purified and elaborately decorated. This Yaj\u00f1a is called R\u00e2jasic.\n38. That Yaj\u00f1a is according to the sages, T\u00e2masik, where the D\u00e2navas, puffed up with arrogance, infatuated with anger, jealousy and wickedness perform their acts with the sole object of killing their enemies.\n39. That Yaj\u00f1a is called M\u00e2nas Y\u00e2g or m\u00e2nasic (mental) where the high-souled Munis, void of worldly desires, collect mentally all the necessary articles and perform the Yaj\u00f1a with the sole object of liberation from the bondages of the world.\n40. In all the other Yaj\u00f1as (than the M\u00e2nas Y\u00e2g) some imperfections or other naturally arise, due to some defects in the materials, or want of faith, or in the performance or in the Br\u00e2hmins.\n41. No other Yaj\u00f1as can be so complete as the M\u00e2nasa Yaj\u00f1a; the reason being that in the other Yaj\u00f1as some, imperfections come out due to time, place, and separate ingredients to be collected.\n42-43. Now hear who are the persons fit to undertake this mental Yaj\u00f1a in honour of the Great Goddess. First this mind is to be purified, by making it void of the Gunas; the mind being pure, the body becomes also pure, there is no doubt. When the mind becomes completely pure, after it has abandoned all sensual objects, fit for enjoyment, then that man is entitled to perform the Mother's Yaj\u00f1a.\n44-45. There he should build mentally the big hall for sacrifice, many Yojanas wide, decorated with high polished pillars out of the materials brought for the purpose (e. g., fortitude, etc.). Within the hall he will imagine a wide and spacious altar and place the Holy Fire on it mentally according to due rules and regulations.\n46-47. He is to select mentally the Br\u00e2hmin priests and consecrate them as Brahm\u00e2, Adharyu, Hot\u00e2, Prastot\u00e2, Udg\u00e2t\u00e2, Pratihatr\u00e2 and other assistants. He is to worship mentally all these priests.\n48. Then he will have to imagine the five V\u00e2yus, Pr\u00e2na, Ap\u00e2na, Vy\u00e2na, Sam\u00e2na, and Ud\u00e2na, as the five fires and locate them duly on the altar.\n49-50. Pr\u00e2na V\u00e2yu stands for G\u00e2rhapatya; Ap\u00e2na, for \u00c2havan\u00eeya; Vy\u00e2na for Daksin\u00e2; Sam\u00e2na for Avasathya; and Ud\u00e2na for Sabhya Agni. These fires are all very terrible; then one should place these carefully on the altar with great concentration of mind. He is to collect then all the other necessary materials and think that all are very pure and free from any defects.\n51-57. In the M\u00e2nasic Yaj\u00f1a, mind is the offerer of oblations and mind the Yajam\u00e2na, the performer of the Sacrifice; and the Presiding Deity of the Sacrifice is the Nirguna Brahm\u00e2. The Great Goddess, the Nirguna Energy, who is always auspicious and gives the feeling of dispassion and indifference to worldly objects is the awarder of fruits in this Yaj\u00f1a. She is the Brahm\u00e2 Vidy\u00e2, She is the substratum of all and She is all pervading. The Br\u00e2hmin is to take the Dev\u00ee's name and offer oblations in the fire of Pr\u00e2na, the necessary articles for the Dev\u00ee's satisfaction. Then he is to make his Chitta and Pr\u00e2na void of any worldly thought, or any worldly support and to offer oblations to the Eternal Brahm\u00e2 through the mouth of Kundalin\u00ee (the Serpent Fire.) Next, within his Nirvikalpa mind, by means of Sam\u00e2dhi, be should meditate own Self, the Mahes'var\u00ee Herself by his consciousness. Thus, when he will see his own self in all the beings and all the beings in his own self, then\nthe J\u00eeva will get the vision of the Goddess Mah\u00e2vidy\u00e2, giving auspicious liberation (Moksa). O King! After the high souled Munis have seen the Goddess, of everlasting intelligence and bliss, then he becomes the knower of Br\u00e2hman. All the M\u00e2y\u00e2, the cause of this Universe becomes burnt up; only, as long as the body remains, the Pr\u00e2rabdha Karma remains.\n58. Then the J\u00eevas become liberated, while living; and when the body dissolves, he attains to final liberation. Therefore, O Child! Whoever worships the Mother becomes crowned with success; there is no doubt in this.\n59. Therefore follow the advice of the Guru, the Spiritual Teacher; and with all attention, hear, think and meditate on the Great Goddess of the World.\n60. O King! Liberation is sure to ensue of this M\u00e2nasa Yaj\u00f1a. All the other Yaj\u00f1as are Sak\u00e2ma (with some object in view) and therefore their effects are temporary.\n61-62. He who wants enjoyments in Heaven, should perform the Agnistoma Yaj\u00f1a, with due rites and ceremonies; such is the Vedic injunction. But when the acquired merit expires, the sacrificer will have to come again into this world of mortals. Therefore the M\u00e2nasa Yaj\u00f1a is eternal and best.\n63-65. This M\u00e2nasa Yaj\u00f1a is not fit to be performed by kings intent on getting victory. The Yaj\u00f1a that you performed, the serpent Yaj\u00f1a, is T\u00e2masic, for you wanted to take vengeance on your enemy, the serpent Taksaka; and millions of serpents were made to be burnt in that sacrifice.\nO King! Hear now about the Dev\u00ee Yaj\u00f1a, that was performed by Visnu in the beginning of the creation. You better now do that Dev\u00ee Yaj\u00f1a with due rules.\n66-67. I will tell you all about the rules; there are Br\u00e2hmins that know the rules and know best also the Vedas; they know also the seed mantrams of the Dev\u00ee, as well as the rules of their application; they are clever in all the mantrams. These will be your priests and you yourself will be the sacrificer.\n68. O King! Do this sacrifice duly and deliver your father from hell by the merits that you will acquire thereby.\n69. O Sinless One! The sin incurred on account of insulting a Br\u00e2hmin is serious and leads the sinner to hell. Your father committed that sin and incurred the curse from a Br\u00e2hmin. Therefore he has gone to the hell.\n70. Your father died also out of a snake bite which is not a meritorious one. The death occurred also in a palace built high up in the air (on a pillar), instead of taking place on the ground on a bed of Kus'a grass.\n71. O best of the Kurus! The death did not occur in any battle nor on the banks of the Ganges. Void of proper bathing and charities, etc., he died in a palace.\n72. O best of Kings! All the ugly causes, leading to hell, were present in the case of your father. See, again, there is also one thing which done will lead to one\u2019s liberation; but that was absent too with your father.\n73-76. That is this :-- Let a man remain, wherever he may, whenever he comes to learn that his end is approaching, even if he had not practised before any good practices or meritorious deeds, and even if he becomes senseless in the trial time of death, when dispassion comes to an individual whose mind gets, for the time being, clear and free from any worldly thoughts, then he should think thus :-- \u201cThis my body, composed of five elements, will soon be destroyed; there is no cause whatsoever in having any remorse for it; let whatever come, that it may; I am free, void of qualities; and I am the Eternal Purusa; death is not capable to do any harm to me. All the elements are liable to decay and destruction; what remorse can overtake me? I am not a man of the world, I am always free, Eternal Brahm\u00e2; I have got no connection with this body that is merely the outcome of actions.\n77. Before I did meritorious or unmeritorious acts, leading to happiness and pain; therefore I have got this mortal coil and am enjoying the fruits of my past auspicious or inauspicious Karma.\u201d\n78. Whoever thinks thus and dies, even if he does not take proper purificatory bath or make any charity, he gets himself freed from the awful Sams\u00e2ra and never comes to see himself again born in this world.\n79. O King! This method of parting from one\u2019s body is rarely attained even by the Yogins; this is the acme, the highest height of all the human efforts towards liberation.\n80. But your father, hearing even the curse from a Br\u00e2hmin, retained his attachment towards his body; therefore he did not attain dispassion.\n81. He thought thus :-- \u201cMy body is now free from any disease; my kingdom is free from enemies or any other source of danger; how can I now get myself saved from this untimely death.\u201d Thinking thus, he ordered to call the Br\u00e2hmans, who know the mantrams.\n82. Then that king ascended to the palace, with medicines, many mantras and many other instruments.\n83-84. He considered his fate to be the strongest and therefore did not take his bath in any holy place; he did not perform any charities, did not sleep on the ground or remember any mantram of the Dev\u00ee. Due to Kali entering into his body, he committed the sin of insulting an ascetic and plunged himself in the ocean of delusion and died bitten by the Taksaka snake on the top of a palace.\n85. The King has now fallen undoubtedly to the hell, on account of those vicious deeds. Therefore, O King! dost Thou deliver your father from the sin.\n86. S\u00fbta said, O Risis! Hearing these words from the fiery Vy\u00e2sa, the king Janamejaya became very sad and tears came from his eyes and flowed down his cheeks and throat.\nHe then exclaimed in a suffocating voice \u201cFie on me! my father is still in the hell. I will now do at once whatever leads my father to heaven.\u201d\nThus ends the twelfth chapter on the Amb\u00e2 Yaj\u00f1a rules in the 3rd Adhy\u00e2ya of S\u2019r\u00ee Mad Dev\u00ee Bh\u00e2gavatam, the Mah\u00e2 Pur\u00e2nam of 18,000 verses composed by Mah\u00e2rsi Veda Vy\u00e2sa.","title":"The Devi Bhagavatam: The Third Book: Chapter 12","type":"page"}