{"collection":"Hinduism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/hin/sbe01/sbe01149.htm","path":"hin/sbe01/sbe01149.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/hin/sbe01/sbe01149.htm","text":"The Upanishads, Part 1 (SBE01), by Max M\u00fcller, [1879]\n1. 'Spirit 1 (pr\u00e2na) is better than hope. As the spokes of a wheel hold to the nave 2, so does all this (beginning with names and ending in hope) hold to spirit. That spirit moves by the spirit, it gives spirit to the spirit. Father means spirit, mother is spirit, brother is spirit, sister is spirit, tutor is spirit, Br\u00e2hmana is spirit.\n2. 'For if one says anything unbecoming to a father, mother, brother, sister, tutor or Br\u00e2hmana, then people say, Shame on thee! thou hast offended thy father, mother, brother, sister, tutor, or a Br\u00e2hmana.\n3. 'But, if after the spirit has departed from them, one shoves them together with a poker, and burns them to pieces, no one would say, Thou offendest thy father, mother, brother, sister, tutor or a Br\u00e2hmana.\n4. 'Spirit then is all this. He who sees this, perceives this, and understands this, becomes an ativ\u00e2din 3. If people say to such a man, Thou\nart an ativ\u00e2din, he may say, I am an ativ\u00e2din; he need not deny it.'\n120:1 Pr\u00e2na is used here in a technical sense. It does not mean simply breath, but the spirit, the conscious self (prag\u00f1\u00e2tman) which, as we saw, enters the body in order to reveal the whole variety of forms and names. It is in one sense the mukhya pr\u00e2na.\n120:2 The commentary carries the simile Still further. The felloe he says, holds to the spokes, the spokes to the nave. So do the bh\u00fbtam\u00e2tr\u00e2s hold to the prag\u00f1\u00e2m\u00e2tr\u00e2s, and these to the pr\u00e2na.\n120:3 One who declares something that goes beyond all the declarations made before, beginning with the declaration that names are Brahman, and ending with the declaration that hope is Brahman;--one who knows that pr\u00e2na, spirit, the conscious self, is Brahman. This declaration represents the highest point reached by ordinary people, but N\u00e2rada wishes to go beyond. In the Mundaka, III, 1, 4, an ativ\u00e2din is contrasted with one who really knows the highest truth.","title":"The Upanishads, Part 1 (SBE01): Kh\u00e2ndogya Upanishad: VII, 15","type":"page"}