{"collection":"Hinduism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/hin/sbe01/sbe01211.htm","path":"hin/sbe01/sbe01211.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/hin/sbe01/sbe01211.htm","text":"The Upanishads, Part 1 (SBE01), by Max M\u00fcller, [1879]\n1. He (breath) is likewise a Bibhradv\u00e2ga (bringer of offspring). Offspring is v\u00e2ga, and he (breath) supports offspring. Because he supports it, therefore there is (the poet of the sixth Mandala of the Rig-veda, called) Bharadv\u00e2ga. Therefore people call him who is really Pr\u00e2na (breath), Bharadv\u00e2ga.\n2. The Devas (speech, &c.) said to him: 'He it is who chiefly causes us to dwell on earth.' Because the Devas said of him, that he chiefly caused them to dwell on earth, therefore there is (the poet of the seventh Mandala of the Rig-veda, called) Vasishtha. Therefore people call him who is really Pr\u00e2na (breath), Vasishtha 1.\n3. He (breath) went forth towards 2 all this whatsoever. Because he went forth toward all this whatsoever, therefore there are (the poets of the eighth Mandala of the Rig-veda, called) the Prag\u00e2thas. Therefore people call him who is really Pr\u00e2na (breath), the Prag\u00e2thas.\n4. He (breath) purified all this whatsoever. Because he purified all this whatsoever, therefore there\nare (the hymns and also the poets 1 of the ninth Mandala of the Rig-veda, called) the Pavam\u00e2n\u00ees. Therefore people called him who is really Pr\u00e2na (breath), the Pavam\u00e2n\u00ees.\n5. He (breath) said: 'Let me be everything whatsoever, small (kshudra) and great (mahat), and this became the Kshudras\u00fbktas and Mah\u00e2s\u00fbktas.' Therefore there were (the hymns and also the poets of the tenth Mandala of the Rig-veda, called) the Kshudras\u00fbktas (and Mah\u00e2s\u00fbktas). Therefore people call him who is really Pr\u00e2na (breath), the Kshudras\u00fbktas (and Mah\u00e2s\u00fbktas).\n6. He (breath) said once: 'You have said what is well said (su-ukta) indeed. This became a S\u00fbkta (hymn).' Therefore there was the S\u00fbkta. Therefore people call him who is really Pr\u00e2na (breath), S\u00fbkta 2.\n7. He (breath) is a Rik (verse), for he did honour 3 to all beings (by entering into them). Because he did honour to all beings, therefore there was the Rik verse. Therefore people call him who is really Pr\u00e2na (breath), Rik.\n8. He (breath) is an Ardharka (half-verse), for he did honour to all places (ardha) 4. Because he did honour to all places, therefore there was the Ardharka. Therefore people call him who is really Pr\u00e2na (breath), Ardharka.\n9. He (breath) is a Pada (word) 1, for he got into all these beings. Because he got (p\u00e2di) into all these beings, therefore there was the Pada (word). Therefore people call him who is really Pr\u00e2na (breath), Pada.\n10. He (breath) is an Akshara (syllable), for he pours out (ksharati) gifts to all these beings, and without him no one can pour out (atiksharati) gifts. Therefore there was the Akshara (syllable). Therefore people call him who is really Pr\u00e2na (breath), Akshara 2.\n11. Thus all these Rik verses, all Vedas, all sounds 3 are one word, viz. Pr\u00e2na (breath). Let him know that Pr\u00e2na is all Rik verses.\n216:1 I translate in accordance with the commentator, and probably with the intention of the author. The same etymology is repeated in the commentary on II, 2, 4, 2. It would be more natural to take vasishtha in the sense of the richest.\n216:2 This is the interpretation of the commentator, and the preposition abhi seems to show that the author too took that view of the etymology of prag\u00e2tha.\n217:1 It seems, indeed, as if in the technical language of the Brahmans, the poets of the ninth Mandala were sometimes called Pavam\u00e2n\u00ees, and the hymns of the tenth Mandala Kshudras\u00fbktas and Mah\u00e2s\u00fbktas (masc.) Cf. \u00c2rsheya-br\u00e2hmana, ed. Burnell, p. 42.\n217:2 The poet also is called S\u00fbkta, taddrasht\u00e2pi s\u00fbktan\u00e2mako 'bh\u00fbt. Comm.\n217:3 I translate according to the commentator.\n217:4 Ardha means both half and place.\n218:1 It may also be intended for p\u00e2da, foot of a verse.\n218:2 The Pr\u00e2na (breath) is to be meditated on as all hymns, all poets, all words, &c. Comm.\n218:3 All aspirated sonant consonants. Comm.","title":"The Upanishads, Part 1 (SBE01): Aitareya-\u00c2ranyaka: ...","type":"page"}