{"collection":"Hinduism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/hin/sbe02/sbe0271.htm","path":"hin/sbe02/sbe0271.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/hin/sbe02/sbe0271.htm","text":"1. The rule for (times of) distress (is) that a Br\u00e2hmana may study under a teacher who is not a Br\u00e2hmana. 1\n2. (A student is bound) to walk behind and to obey (his non-Brahmanical teacher). 2\n3. (But), when (the course of study) has been finished, the Br\u00e2hmana (pupil is more) venerable (than his teacher). 3\n4. (In times of distress it is permissible) to offer 4\nsacrifices for (men of) all (castes), to teach (them), and to accept (presents from them).\n5. Each preceding (mode of living is) preferable (to those named later). 5\n6. On failure of the (occupations lawful for a Br\u00e2hmana) he may live by the occupations of a Kshatriya. 6\n7. On failure of those, he may live by the occupations of a Vaisya. 7\n8. (Goods) that may not be sold by a (Br\u00e2hmana are),\n9. Perfumes, substances (used for) flavouring (food), prepared food, sesamum, hempen and linen cloth, skins, 9\n10. Garments dyed red or washed, 10\n11. Milk and preparations from it, 11\n12. Roots, fruits, flowers, medicines, honey, flesh, grass, water, poison,\n13. Nor animals for slaughter,\n14. Nor, under any circumstances, human beings, heifers, female calves, cows big with young. 14\n15. Some (declare, that the traffic in) land, rice, barley, goats, sheep, horses, bulls, milch-cows, and draught-oxen (is) likewise (forbidden). 15\n16. But (it is permissible) to barter, 16\n17. One kind of substances used for flavouring others,\n18. And animals (for animals).\n19. Salt and prepared food (must) not (be bartered), 19\n20. Nor sesamum.\n21. But for present use an equal (quantity of) uncooked (food may be exchanged) for cooked (food).\n22. But if no (other course is) possible (a Br\u00e2hmana) may support himself in any way except by (following the occupations) of a S\u00fbdra. 22\n23. Some (permit) even this in case his life is in danger.\n24. But to mix with that (caste) and forbidden food must be avoided (even in times of distress). 24\n25. If his life is threatened, even a Br\u00e2hmana may use arms. 25\n26. (In times of distress) a Kshatriya (may follow) the occupations of a Vaisya. 26\n211:1 VII. \u00c2pastamba II, 2, 4, 25.\n211:2 \u00c2pastamba II, 2, 4. 26.\n211:3 \u00c2pastamba II, 2, 4, 27.\n211:4 Haradatta quotes Manu X, 103 in support of the above explanation, and adds that another commentator interprets the p. 212 S\u00fbtra to mean, that in times of distress men of all castes may support themselves by sacrificing for others, teaching, and the acceptance of gifts, though in ordinary times these modes of living are reserved for Br\u00e2hmanas.\n212:5 The use of the masculine in the text, 'p\u00fbrvah p\u00fbrvo guruh,' may, I think, be explained by the fact that the compound in the preceding S\u00fbtra ends with a noun of the masculine gender.\n212:6 Manu X, 81; Y\u00e2g\u00f1. III, 35.\n212:7 \u00c2pastamba I, 7, 20, 11.\n212:9 \u00c2pastamba I, 7, 20, 12-13. 'Substances used for flavouring (rasa), i.e. oil, sugar, clarified butter, salt, and the like.'--Haradatta. From S\u00fbtra 19 it is clear that 'rasa' does not simply mean 'liquids.'\n212:10 My MSS. read nirnikte for nikte, and nirniktam is explained by 'washed by a washerman or the like person.' It is possible to translate Professor Stenzler's reading in accordance with Manu X, 87, 'pairs of (i.e. upper and lower) garments dyed red.'\n212:11 'Preparations from it, i.e. sour milk and the like.'--Haradatta.\n213:14 Under any circumstances (nityam, literally \"always\") means even when they are not sold for slaughter. Another (commentator) says, that, as the expression \"under any circumstances\" is used here, the prohibition regarding the above-mentioned things, i.e. sesamum and the like, does not hold good under all circumstances, and that hence self-grown sesamum and other grain may be sold, see Manu X, 90.'--Haradatta.\n213:15 Manu X, 88. Haradatta explains 'land' by 'houses.'\n213:16-21. \u00c2pastamba I, 7, 20, 14-15.\n213:19 'The sale of salt and prepared food has been forbidden by S\u00fbtra 9, but their barter has been permitted (by S\u00fbtra 17).'--Haradatta.\n213:22 Regarding the S\u00fbdra's occupations, see below, X 57-60.\n213:24 'Restriction (niyama), i.e. avoiding. That Br\u00e2hmana p. 214 even who lives the life of a S\u00fbdra must not mix with that S\u00fbdra caste, i.e. he must not sit among S\u00fbdras and so forth.'--Haradatta.\n214:25 \u00c2pastamba I, 10, 29, 7; Manu VIII, 348.\n214:26 Haradatta adds, that in accordance with the principle exemplified by the rule of this S\u00fbtra a Vaisya may follow in times of distress the occupations of a S\u00fbdra.","title":"SBE 2: Gautama: Chapter VII","type":"page"}