{"collection":"Hinduism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/hin/sbe14/sbe1435.htm","path":"hin/sbe14/sbe1435.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/hin/sbe14/sbe1435.htm","text":"1. There is a dispute regarding five (practices) both in the south and in the north. 1\n2. We will explain those (peculiar) to the south.\n3. They are, to eat in the company of an uninitiated person, to eat in the company of one's wife, to eat stale food, to marry the daughter of a maternal uncle or of a paternal aunt. 3\n4. Now (the customs peculiar) to the north are, to deal in wool, to drink rum, to sell animals that have teeth in the upper and in the lower jaws, to follow the trade of arms, to go to sea. 4\n5. He who follows (these practices) in any other country than where they prevail, commits sin. 5\n6. For each (of these customs) the (rule of the) country should be (considered) the authority.\n7. Gautama declares that that is false. 7\n8. And one should not take heed of either (set of practices) because they are opposed to the tradition of the Sishtas.\n9. The country of the \u00c2ryas (\u00c2ry\u00e2varta) lies to the east of the region where (the river Sarasvat\u00ee) disappears, to the west of the Black-forest (K\u00e2lakavana), to the north of the P\u00e2rip\u00e2tra (mountains), to the south of the Him\u00e2laya. The rule of conduct which (prevails) there, is authoritative. 9\n10. Some (declare) the country between the (rivers) Yamun\u00e2 and Ganges (to be the \u00c2ry\u00e2varta). 10\n11. Now the Bh\u00e2llavins quote also the (following) verse: 11\n12. 'In the west the boundary-river, in the east the region where the sun rises,--as far as the black antelopes wander (between these two limits), so far spiritual pre-eminence (is found).' 12\n13. The inhabitants of Avant\u00ee, of A\u1e45ga, of Magadha, of Sur\u00e2shtra, of the Dekhan, of Up\u00e2vrit, of Sindh, and the Sauv\u00eer\u00e2s are of mixed origin. 13\n14. He who has visited the (countries of the) \u00c2rattas, K\u00e2raskaras, Pundras, Sauv\u00eeras, Va\u1e45gas, Kali\u1e45gas, (or) Pr\u00e2n\u00fbnas shall offer a Punastoma or a Sarvaprishth\u00e2 (ishti). 14\n15. Now they quote also (the following verses): 'He commits sin through his feet, who travels to the (country of the) Kali\u1e45gas. The sages declare the Vaisv\u00e2nar\u00ee ishti to be a purification for him.' 15\n16. 'Even if many offences have been committed, they recommend for the removal of the sin the Pavitreshti. For that (sacrifice) is a most excellent means of purification.'\n17. Now they quote also (the following verse): 'He who performs (by turns) in each season the Vaisv\u00e2nar\u00ee (ishti), the Vr\u00e2tapat\u00ee (ishti), and the Pavitreshti is freed from (all) sins.' 17\n146:1 2. The boundary between the north and south of India is, as Govinda also points out, the river Narmad\u00e2.\n146:3 Some of the customs mentioned here still prevail in parts of southern India. Thus the marriages between cousins occur among the Desastha and Karh\u00e2d\u00e2 Br\u00e2hmanas of the Dekhan.\n146:4 The first two customs mentioned still prevail in the north, especially in Kasm\u00eer, where Br\u00e2hmanas commonly deal in wool and woollen cloth. Spirituous liquor is not now drunk openly, but its use is sanctioned in the Kasm\u00eerian N\u00eelamata-pur\u00e2na. Many Br\u00e2hmanical families in the north, especially in the North-western Provinces, subsist by enlisting as soldiers in the British and native armies.\n147:5-6. A similar argument is given by the Kasm\u00eerians for the lawfulness of the consumption of meat, which they justify by a desaguna or 'virtue of their country.'\n147:7 Gautama XI, 20.\n147:9 Vasishtha I, 8, 10. Many MSS., and among them the Telugu copy of the commentary, read P\u00e2riy\u00e2tra instead of P\u00e2rip\u00e2tra, which latter I consider to be the correct form of the word.\n147:10 Vasishtha I, 12.\n147:11 Vasishtha I, 14. Govinda remarks that the Bh\u00e2llavins are a school studying the S\u00e2ma-veda. See also Max M\u00fcller, Hist. Anc. Sansk. Lit., pp. 193, 364.\n147:12 Vasishtha I, 15. There is a great uncertainty in the MSS. about the word following sindhuh. I have adopted the reading of p. 148 M., sindhur vidharan\u00ee, 'the boundary-river,' which occurs also in the parallel passage of Vasishtha. The Dekhan and Gugar\u00e2t MSS. read vikaran\u00ee or vikaran\u00e2, and the two copies of the commentary visaran\u00ee. The sense of these various readings appears to be 'the river that vanishes or looses itself,' i.e. the Sarasvat\u00ee.\n148:13 This and the following two S\u00fbtras are intended to show that the customs prevailing in the countries named have no authority and must not be followed. Avant\u00ee corresponds to western M\u00e2lv\u00e2, A\u1e45ga to western Bengal, Magadha to Bihar, and Sur\u00e2shtra to southern K\u00e1th\u00ee\u00e2v\u00e2d. The Sauv\u00eeras, who are always associated with the Sindhians, probably dwelt in the south-west of the Pa\u00f1g\u00e2b, near Mult\u00e2n. The Up\u00e2vrits probably are the same as the Up\u00e2vrittas mentioned Mah\u00e2bh\u00e2rata VI, 49. But I am unable to deter-mine their seats.\n148:14 The \u00c2rattas dwelt in the Pa\u00f1g\u00e2b (Lassen, Ind. Alth. I, p. 973, sec. ed.), and are greatly blamed, Mah\u00e2bh\u00e2rata VIII, 44, 36 seq. The K\u00e2raskaras are named in the same chapter of the Mah\u00e2bh\u00e2rata as a degraded tribe, but seem to belong to the south of India. The Kali\u1e45gas are the inhabitants of the eastern coast of India, between Orissa and the mouth of the Krishn\u00e2 river. The Pundras, who are mentioned as a degraded tribe in the Aitareya-br\u00e2hmana VII, 18, and occur frequently in the Mah\u00e2bh\u00e2rata, and the Va\u1e45gas belong to Bengal (see Lassen, Ind. Alth. I, 669, sec. ed.; Cunningham, Anc. Geog. p. 480). Regarding the Puna-stoma, see Gautama XIX, 7 note; and regarding the Sarvaprishth\u00e2 ishti, Taittir\u00eeya-samhit\u00e2 II, 3, 7, 1-2.\n148:15 \u00c2pastamba I, 11, 32, 18.\n149:17 Vasishtha XXII, 10. The meaning is that in each of the three seasons of the year, Gr\u00eeshma, Varsha, Hemanta, one of the three sacrifices is to be offered.","title":"SBE 14: Baudh\u00e2yana: Prasna I, Adhy\u00e2ya ...","type":"page"}