{"collection":"Hinduism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/hin/sbe14/sbe1449.htm","path":"hin/sbe14/sbe1449.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/hin/sbe14/sbe1449.htm","text":"1. There are four castes (varna, viz.) Br\u00e2hmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and S\u00fbdras. 1\n2. (Males) belonging to them (may take) wives according to the order of the castes, (viz.) a Br\u00e2hmana four, 2\n3. A Kshatriya three,\n4. A Vaisya two,\n5. A S\u00fbdra one.\n6. Sons begotten on (wives) of equal or of the next lower castes (are called) Savarnas (of equal caste). 6\n7. (Those born) of (wives) of the second or third lower castes (become) Ambashthas, Ugras, and Nish\u00e2das. 7\n8. Of females wedded in the inverse order of the castes (are born) \u00c2yogavas, M\u00e2gadhas, Vainas, Kshattris, Pulkasas, Kukkutakas, Vaidehakas, and Kand\u00e2las. 8\n9. An Ambashtha (begets) on a female of the first (caste) a Svap\u00e2ka,\n10. An Ugra on a female of the second (caste) a Vaina,\n11. A Nish\u00e2da on a female of the third (caste) a Pulkasa.\n12. In the contrary case a Kukkutaka (is produced).\n13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13\n14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n16. Now they quote also (the following verse).: But those sons whom an uninitiated man begets, the wise call Vr\u00e2tyas, who are excluded from the S\u00e2vitr\u00ee; (that is a rule which refers) in an equal manner to the three (highest) castes.' 16\n196:1 16. Vasishtha II, 1.\n196:2-5. Vasishtha I, 24--25.\n196:6 Gautama IV, 16.\n196:7 Vasishtha XVIII, 8.\n196:8-12. Vasishtha XVIII, 1-6; Gautama IV, 17-21. In the I. O. copy of the commentary there is a break, which extends from S\u00fbtra 8 to the beginning of Adhy\u00e2ya 10.\n197:13-15. The text of the three S\u00fbtras is exceedingly corrupt, and the Telugu copy of the commentary affords no help. It is, however, clear that the passage left out contained something which corresponded to Gautama IV, 22-23, and treated of the possibility of raising persons of a lower caste to a higher one by intermarriages continued for five or seven generations. The reading of K., which perhaps is the best, will show this: 'nish\u00e2dena nish\u00e2dy\u00e2d \u00e2 pa\u00f1kam\u00e2gg\u00e2t\u00e2 bhavanti tam upanayet shashtham y\u00e2gayet saptamo \u2019vikrit\u00e2g\u00eesamamgito saptamau\u00f1g\u00eesama ity ekesh\u00e2m samg\u00f1\u00e2 kramena nipatanti.'\n197:16 Manu X, 20.","title":"SBE 14: Baudh\u00e2yana: Prasna I, Adhy\u00e2ya 8, Kandik\u00e2 16","type":"page"}