{"collection":"Hinduism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/hin/sbe15/sbe15092.htm","path":"hin/sbe15/sbe15092.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/hin/sbe15/sbe15092.htm","text":"The Upanishads, Part 2 (SBE15), by Max M\u00fcller, [1879]\n1. The words Bh\u00fbmi (earth), Antariksha (sky), and Dyu 1 (heaven) form eight syllables. One foot of the G\u00e2yatr\u00ee consists of eight syllables. This (one foot) of it is that (i. e. the three worlds). And he who thus knows that foot of it, conquers as far as the three worlds extend.\n2. The Rikas, the Yag\u00fbmshi, and the S\u00e2m\u00e2ni form eight syllables. One foot (the second) of the G\u00e2yatr\u00ee consists of eight syllables. This (one foot) of it is that (i.e. the three Vedas, the Rig-veda, Yagur-veda, and Sama-veda). And he who thus knows that foot of it, conquers as far as that threefold knowledge extends.\n3. The Pr\u00e2na (the up-breathing), the Ap\u00e2na (the down-breathing), and the Vy\u00e2na (the back-breathing) form eight syllables. One foot (the third) of the G\u00e2yatr\u00ee consists of eight syllables. This (one foot) of it is that (i. e. the three vital breaths). And he who thus knows that foot of it, conquers as far as there is anything that breathes. And of that (G\u00e2yatr\u00ee, or speech) this indeed is the fourth (tur\u00eeya), the bright (darsata) foot, shining high above the skies 2. What is here called tur\u00eeya (the fourth) is meant for katurtha (the fourth); what is called darsatam padam (the bright foot) is meant for him who is as it were seen (the person in the sun); and what is called paroragas (he who shines high above the\nskies) is meant for him who shines higher and higher above every sky. And he who thus knows that foot of the G\u00e2yatr\u00ee, shines thus himself also with happiness and glory.\n4. That G\u00e2yatr\u00ee (as described before with its three feet) rests on that fourth foot, the bright one, high above the sky. And that again rests on the True (satyam), and the True is the eye, for the eye is (known to be) true. And therefore even now, if two persons come disputing, the one saying, I saw, the other, I heard, then we should trust the one who says, I saw. And the True again rests on force (balam), and force is life (pr\u00e2na), and that (the True) rests on life 1. Therefore they say, force is stronger than the True. Thus does that G\u00e2yatr\u00ee rest with respect to the self (as life). That G\u00e2yatr\u00ee protects (tatre) the vital breaths (gayas); the gayas are the pr\u00e2nas (vital breaths), and it protects them. And because it protects (tatre) the vital breaths (gayas), therefore it is called G\u00e2yatr\u00ee. And that Savitri verse which the teacher teaches 2, that is it (the life, the pr\u00e2na, and indirectly the G\u00e2yatr\u00ee); and whomsoever he teaches, he protects his vital breaths.\n5. Some teach that S\u00e2vitr\u00ee as an Anushtubh 3 verse, saying that speech is Anushtubh, and that we teach\nthat speech. Let no one do this, but let him teach the G\u00e2yatr\u00ee as S\u00e2vitr\u00ee 1. And even if one who knows this receives what seems to be much as his reward (as a teacher), yet this is not equal to one foot of the G\u00e2yatr\u00ee.\n6. If a man (a teacher) were to receive as his fee these three worlds full of all things, he would obtain that first foot of the G\u00e2yatr\u00ee. And if a man were to receive as his fee everything as far as this threefold knowledge extends, he would obtain that second foot of the G\u00e2yatr\u00ee. And if a man were to receive as his fee everything whatsoever breathes, he would obtain that third foot of the G\u00e2yatr\u00ee. But 'that fourth bright foot, shining high above the skies 2' cannot be obtained by anybody--whence then could one receive such a fee?\n7. The adoration 3 of that (G\u00e2yatr\u00ee):\n'O G\u00e2yatr\u00ee, thou hast one foot, two feet, three feet, four feet 4. Thou art footless, for thou art not known. Worship to thy fourth bright foot above the skies.' If 5 one (who knows this) hates some\none and says, 'May he not obtain this,' or 'May this wish not be accomplished to him,' then that wish is not accomplished to him against whom he thus prays, or if he says, 'May I obtain this.'\n8. And thus Ganaka Vaideha spoke on this point to Budila \u00c2svatar\u00e2svi 1: 'How is it that thou who spokest thus as knowing the G\u00e2yatr\u00ee, hast become an elephant and carriest me?' He answered: 'Your Majesty, I did not know its mouth. Agni, fire, is indeed its mouth; and if people pile even what seems much (wood) on the fire, it consumes it all. And thus a man who knows this, even if he commits what seems much evil, consumes it all and becomes pure, clean, and free from decay and death.'\n196:1 Dyu, nom. Dyaus, must be pronounced Diyaus.\n196:2 Paronagas, masc., should be taken as one word, like paroksha, viz. he who is beyond all ragas, all visible skies.\n197:1 Sa\u1e45kara understood the True (satyam) by tad, not the balam, the force.\n197:2 The teacher teaches his pupil, who is brought to him when eight years old, the S\u00e2vitr\u00ee verse, making him repeat each word, and each half verse, till he knows the whole, and by teaching him that S\u00e2vitr\u00ee, he is supposed to teach him really the pr\u00e2na, the life, as the self of the world.\n197:3 The verse would be, Rig-veda V, 82, 1:\nTat savitur vrin\u00eemahe vayam devasya bhoganam\n Sreshtham sarvadh\u00e2tamam turam bhagasya dh\u00eemahi.\n198:1 Because G\u00e2yatr\u00ee represents life, and the pupil receives life when be learns the G\u00e2yatr\u00ee.\n198:2 See before, \u00a7 2.\n198:3 Upasth\u00e2na is the act of approaching the gods, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 Angehen, with a view of obtaining a request. Here the application is of two kinds, abhik\u00e2rika, imprecatory against another, and abhyudayika, auspicious for oneself. The former has two formulas, the latter one. An upasth\u00e2na is here represented as effective, if connected with the G\u00e2yatr\u00ee.\n198:4 Consisting of the three worlds, the threefold knowledge, the threefold vital breaths, and the fourth foot, as described before.\n198:5 I have translated this paragraph very freely, and differently from Sa\u1e45kara. The question is, whether dvishy\u00e2t with iti can be used in the sense of abhik\u00e2ra, or imprecation. if not, I do not see how the words should be construed. The expression yasm\u00e2 upatishthate p. 199 is rightly explained by Dvivedaga\u1e45ga, yadartham evam upatishthate.\n199:1 Asvatarasy\u00e2svasy\u00e2patyam, Sa\u1e45kara.","title":"The Upanishads, Part 2 (SBE15): Brihad\u00e2ranyaka Upanishad: V, 14","type":"page"}