{"collection":"Hinduism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/hin/sbe29/sbe29178.htm","path":"hin/sbe29/sbe29178.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/hin/sbe29/sbe29178.htm","text":"The Grihya Sutras, Part 1 (SBE29), by Hermann Oldenberg, [1886]\n1. Here (follows the student's) going the rounds for alms.\n2 2-4. A Br\u00e2hmana should beg, addressing (the woman from whom he begs alms) with the word 'Lady' put at the beginning (of his request),\n3. A R\u00e2ganya, with the word 'Lady' inserted in the middle,\n4. A Vaisya, with the word 'Lady' put at the end.\n5 5. (He should beg) from three women who will not refuse;\n6. From six, twelve, or an indefinite number.\n7. From his own mother first, according to some (teachers).\n8 8. Having announced the alms received to his teacher, he should stand, keeping silence, through the rest of the day, according to some.\n9 9. Having fetched fire-wood out of the forest without damaging (trees), he should put them on that fire as above, and should abandon his silence.\n10. He should sleep on the ground and eat no pungent or saline food.\n11. Wearing the staff, worshipping the fire, being obedient to his Guru, going the rounds for alms\u2014(these are the standing duties of students).\n12 12. He should avoid honey or flesh, bathing (for pleasure), sitting on high seats, going to women, falsehood, and taking what is not given to him.\n13 13-15. Let him live forty-eight years as a student for the (four) Vedas,\n14. Or twelve years for each Veda,\n15. Or until he has learnt it.\n16. The garment (of a student) should be made of hemp, flax, or wool (accordingly as he is a Br\u00e2hmana, a Kshatriya, or a Vaisya).\n17. The upper garment of a Br\u00e2hmana should be an antelope-skin,\n18. That of a R\u00e2ganya the skin of a spotted deer,\n19. That of a Vaisya a goat's or cow's skin.\n20. Or if (the prescribed sort of garment) is not to be had, a cow's hide (should be worn) by all, because to that belongs the first place (among all kinds of garments).\n21. The girdle of a Br\u00e2hmana should be of Mu\u00f1ga grass,\n22. That of a Kshatriya should be a bowstring,\n23. That of a Vaisya, made of M\u00fbrv\u00e2 (i.e. Sanseveria Roxburghiana).\n24 24. If there is no Mu\u00f1ga (or the other articles prescribed in \u00a7\u00a7 22, 23, the girdles should be made) of Kusa grass, of the plant Asmantaka, or of Balbaga grass (respectively).\n25. The staff of a Br\u00e2hmana is of Pal\u00e2sa wood,\n26. That of a R\u00e2ganya of Bilva wood,\n27. That of a Vaisya of Udumbara wood.\n28. Or all (sorts of staffs may be used) by all.\n29. If the teacher calls him, he shall rise and then answer..\n30. If (the teacher calls him) while he is lying down, (he should answer) sitting; if sitting, standing; if standing, walking up (to the teacher); if walking up, running up.\n31. If he behaves thus, his fame when he has become a Sn\u00e2taka (i.e. when he has taken the bath at the end of his studentship) will be (such that people will say of him), 'To-day he stays there; to-day he stays there.'\n32 32-35. There are three (kinds of) Sn\u00e2takas: a Vidy\u00e2-sn\u00e2taka (i.e. a Sn\u00e2taka by knowledge), a Vrata-sn\u00e2taka\n[paragraph continues] (i.e. a Sn\u00e2taka by the completion of his vows), and a Vidy\u00e2-vrata-sn\u00e2taka (i.e. a Sn\u00e2taka both by knowledge and by the completion of his vows).\n33. He who performs the Sam\u00e2vartana ceremony, after having finished the study of the Veda, but before the time of his vows has expired, is a Vidy\u00e2-sn\u00e2taka.\n34. He who performs the Sam\u00e2vartana, after his vows have expired, but before he has finished the study of the Veda, is a Vrata-sn\u00e2taka.\n35. He who performs the Sam\u00e2vartana, after having finished both, is a Vidy\u00e2-vrata-sn\u00e2taka.\n36 36-40. Until the sixteenth year the time (for being initiated) has not passed for a Br\u00e2hmana,\n37. Until the twenty-second for a R\u00e2ganya,\n38. Until the twenty-fourth for a Vaisya.\n39. After that (time has passed), they become patitas\u00e2vitr\u00eeka (or persons who have lost the right of learning the S\u00e2vitr\u00ee).\n40. No one should initiate such men, nor teach them, nor perform sacrifices for them, nor have intercourse with them.\n41 41. After the time has passed, (they should do) as has been prescribed.\n42 42. A person whose ancestors through three generations have been patitas\u00e2vitr\u00eekas, is excluded\nfrom the sacrament (of initiation) and from being taught the Veda.\n43 43. Of such persons those who desire to receive the sacrament, may perform the sacrifice of Vr\u00e2tyastoma and then study the Veda, if they like. For (of persons who have done that) it is said, 'Intercourse with them is permitted.'\n308:2-4 5, 2-4. Comp. \u00c2pastamba I, 3, 28 seqq. (S.B.E., II, p. 12); Manu II, 49, &c. The Br\u00e2hmana says, 'Lady, give alms;' the Kshatriya, 'Give, lady, alms;' the Vaisya, 'Give alms, lady.'\n308:5 \u00c2sval\u00e2yana-Grihya I, 22, 7.\n309:8 \u00c2sval\u00e2yana l.l. \u00a7\u00a7 10, 11.\n309:9 The meaning is, he should not break off branches, but only gather such as have fallen off. The words 'as above' refer to chap. 4.\n309:12 Gautama II, 13; \u00c2pastamba I, 2, 23. 28-30. 21. 26.\n309:13-15 Comp. \u00c2pastamba I, 2, 12 seqq.; \u00c2sval\u00e2yana I, 22, 3.\n310:24 Manu II, 43.\n310:32-35 Comp. \u00c2pastamba I, 30, 1-3; Manu IV, 31. The term of the vows extends through forty-eight (or thirty-six, &c.) p. 311 years; see above, S\u00fbtras 13 and 14, and below, chap. 6, 2. 3. The Sam\u00e2vartana is the returning home of the student at the end of his studentship.\n311:36-40 \u00c2sval\u00e2yana-Grihya I, 19, 5 seqq. &c.\n311:41 The general rule here alluded to is, according to the commentators, that given by K\u00e2ty\u00e2yana, Srauta-s\u00fbtra XXV, 1, 12. 13. There it is stated which expiatory oblations have to precede, when a rite that has not been performed, or that has been incorrectly performed, is to be performed for good.\n311:42 Those who have not been initiated in due time, may act as p. 312 stated in S\u00fbtra 41. But if the omission has been perpetuated through three generations, the descendant of such persons is subject to the rules stated in S\u00fbtras 42 and 43.\n312:43 K\u00e2ty\u00e2yana, after having given the rules on the Vr\u00e2tyastoma sacrifice (see Weber, Indische Literaturgeschichte, 2nd edition, pp. 73 seq.), says: 'Intercourse with them (who have performed that sacrifice) is permitted' (Sraut. XXII, 4, 28).","title":"Grihya Sutras, Part 1 (SBE29): P\u00e2raskara-Grihya-S\u00fbtra: II, 5","type":"page"}