{"collection":"Hinduism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/hin/sbe30/sbe30025.htm","path":"hin/sbe30/sbe30025.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/hin/sbe30/sbe30025.htm","text":"The Grihya Sutras, Part 2 (SBE30), by Hermann Oldenberg, [1892]\n1. 1 On the full-moon day of Praushthapada (or) under (the Nakshatra) Hasta the Up\u00e2karana (or opening ceremony of the annual term of Veda-study, is performed).\n2. 2 After (the teacher) has sacrificed with the Vy\u00e2hritis, he recites the S\u00e2vitr\u00ee to the students as at the Upanayana;\n3. And (he chants) the S\u00e2vitr\u00ee with its S\u00e2man melody,\n4. And (the B\u00e2rhaspatya S\u00e2man, with the text), 'Soma, the king, Varuna' (S\u00e2ma-veda I, 91).\n5. 5 After they have recited (the first verses) of the Khandas book, from its beginning, they may do what they like.\n6. 6 They eat fried barley-grains with (the verse), 'That which is accompanied by grains and by a karambha (i.e. curds with flour)' (S\u00e2ma-veda I, 2 10).\n7. They partake of curds with (the verse), 'I have praised Dadhikr\u00e2van' (S\u00e2ma-veda I, 358).\n8. 8 After they have sipped water, (the teacher) should cause them to repeat the first (?) verses, and to sing the first (?) S\u00e2mans, of the different sections (?).\n9. 9 On the day sacred to Savitri they wait.\n10. 10 And at (the beginning of) the northerly\ncourse of the sun (they wait) one night with one day before and one day after it,\n11. (Or they interrupt their study for) a period of three nights before and afterwards, according to some (teachers).\n12. 12 And both times water libations are offered to the \u00c2k\u00e2ryas.\n13. 13 Some perform the Up\u00e2karana on the full-moon day of Sr\u00e2vana and wait (with studying) the time (from that day) till the day sacred to Savitri (S\u00fbtra 9).\n14. 14 On the full-moon day of Taisha they leave off (studying the Veda).\n15. 15 They should go out of the village in an easterly or northerly direction, should go to water which reaches higher than to their secret parts, should touch water (in the way prescribed above, I, 2), and should satiate the metres, the Rishis, and teachers (by libations of water).\n16. 16 After this second Up\u00e2karana, until the (chief) Up\u00e2karana (has been performed) again for the Vedic texts, an interruption of the study (of the Veda takes place), if clouds rise.\n17. If lightning (is observed), or if it thunders, or if it is drizzling, (he shall not study) until the same time next day.\n18. 18 On the falling of a meteor, or after an earthquake, or an eclipse of the sun or of the moon (the study is interrupted until the same time next day),\n19. And if a whirlwind occurs.\n20. Let them not study on the Ashtak\u00e2 days, and on the days of the new moon,\n21. And on the days of the full moon\u2014\n22. 22 In the three months K\u00e2rttika, Ph\u00e2lguna, and \u00c2sh\u00e2dha.\n23. And (the study is interrupted) for one day and one night,\n24. If a fellow-pupil has died,\n25. Or the sovereign of his country;\n26. Three days, if his teacher (has died);\n27. One day and one night, if somebody (has died) who has reverentially approached.\n28. If singing, or the sound of a musical instrument, or weeping is heard, or if it is storming, (the\nstudy of the Veda is discontinued) as long as that (reason of the interruption) lasts.\n29. 29 As regards other (cases in which the reading of the Veda should ne discontinued), the practice of the Sishtas (should be followed).\n30. 30 In the case of a prodigy an expiation (has to be performed) by the householder (or) by his wife.\n31. If a spar of the roof or the middle (post of the house) breaks, or if the water-barrel bursts, let him sacrifice (\u00c2gya oblations) with the Vy\u00e2hritis.\n32. If he has seen bad dreams, let him murmur this verse, 'To-day, O god Savitri' (S\u00e2ma-veda I, 141).\n33. Now (follows) another (expiation).\n34. 34 If he has touched a piled-up (fire-altar) or a sacrificial post, or if he has humming in his ears, or if his eye palpitates, or if the sun rises or sets while he is sleeping, or if his organs of sense have been defiled by something bad, let him sacrifice two \u00c2gya oblations with the two verses, 'May my strength return to me' (Mantra-Br\u00e2hmana I, 6, 33. 34).\n35. Or (let him sacrifice) two pieces of wood anointed with \u00c2gya.\n36. Or let him murmur (those two verses) at light offences.\n77:1 3, 1 seq. The Up\u00e2karana ceremony; Kh\u00e2dira-Grihya III, 2, 16 seq. Regarding the different terms for this ceremony, comp. S\u00e2\u1e45kh\u00e2yana IV, 5, 2; \u00c2sval\u00e2yana III, 5, 3; P\u00e2raskara II, 10, 2. Hiranyakesin says: sravan\u00e2paksha oshadh\u00eeshu g\u00e2t\u00e2su hastena paurnam\u00e2sy\u00e2m v\u00e2dhy\u00e2yop\u00e2karma.\u2014It seems impossible to me to adopt an explanation of this S\u00fbtra, which gives to praushthapad\u00ee another meaning than that based on the constant use of these feminines derived from the names of Nakshatras, i.e. the day of the full moon which falls under such or such a Nakshatra. Hasten a, therefore, necessarily refers to another day besides the Praushthapad\u00ee, on which the Up\u00e2karana may be celebrated. Perhaps we may conjecture, praushthapad\u00eem hastena vop\u00e2karanam.\n77:2 Comp. above, II, 10, 39.\n78:5 The Khandas book is the first S\u00e2maved\u00e2rkika in which the verses are arranged according to their metre.\n78:6 It is not quite clear from the text, in what connection the rites described in S\u00fbtras 6-8 stand with those treated of in the preceding S\u00fbtras. The expression yath\u00e2rtham used in S\u00fbtra 5 ('yath\u00e2rtham iti karmanah parisam\u00e2ptir ukyate,' Comm.; comp. above, I, 3, 12 note) clearly indicates the close of the ceremony; on the other hand the comparison of P\u00e2raskara II, 10, 15 seq., S\u00e2\u1e45kh\u00e2yana IV, 5, 10 seq., \u00c2sval\u00e2yana III, 5, 10, seems to show that the acts stated in S\u00fbtras 6-8 form part of the ceremony described before.\n78:8 I do not try to translate this very obscure S\u00fbtra according to the commentary, in which kh\u00e2ndika is explained as 'the number (of pupils).' Perhaps the word is a misspelling for kandik\u00e2 or the like, and means sections of the texts. Comp. Kh\u00e2dira-Grihya III, 2, 23. The construction (\u00e2k\u00e2ntodak\u00e2h . . . k\u00e2rayet) is quite irregular.\n78:9 I.e. they do not continue their study. The day sacred to Savitri is the day under the constellation of Hasta, mentioned in S\u00fbtra 1, for Savitri is the presiding deity over that Nakshatra (comp. S\u00e2\u1e45kh\u00e2yana I, 26, 11).\n78:10 Comp. the note on S\u00fbtra 16.\n79:12 Regarding the Tarpana ceremony comp. S\u00e2\u1e45kh\u00e2yana 1V, 9, s note. From the word 'and' the commentator concludes that the libations are offered not only to the \u00c2k\u00e2ryas, but also to the Rishis, &c. (S\u00fbtra 15).\n79:13 Comp. Gautama XVI, 1; Vasishtha XIII, 1; \u00c2pastamba I, 9, 1, &c.\n79:14 \u00c2pastamba I, 9, 2, &c.\n79:15 This is a description of the Utsarga ceremony; comp. S\u00e2\u1e45kh\u00e2yana IV, 6, 6; \u00c2sval\u00e2yana III, 5, 21-23; P\u00e2raskara II, 12.\n79:16 The most natural way of interpreting the text would be, in my opinion, to assume that the 'second Up\u00e2karana' (pratyup\u00e2karana) is identical with the Utsarga. The second Up\u00e2karana thus would in the same time conclude the first term for studying the p. 80 Veda, and open a second term. The distinction of two such periods, which may be called two terms, is frequently met with in other texts, for instance, in Vasishtha XIII, 5-7 (S.B.E. XIV, 63); Manu IV, 98. According to the commentary, on the other hand, the second Up\u00e2karana is performed at the beginning of the northerly course of the sun (comp. S\u00fbtras 10-12); it is stated that after that ceremony the Uttara (i.e. the Uttar\u00e2rkika?) and the Rahasya texts are studied. It deserves to be noticed that Manu (IV, 96) prescribes the performing of the Utsarga either under the Nakshatra Pushya (i.e. Tishya), or on the first day of the bright fortnight of M\u00e2gha, which is considered as coinciding, at least approximately, with the beginning of the northerly course of the sun.\n80:18 Comp. Manu IV, 105.\n80:22 These are the days of the ancient Vedic k\u00e2turm\u00e2sya sacrifices.\n81:29 The definition of a Sishta, or instructed person, is given in Baudh\u00e2yana I, 1, 6 (S.B.E. XIV, 143).\n81:30 30-36. Different expiations; comp. Kh\u00e2dira-Grihya II, 5, 35-37.\n81:34 Kitya means Kitya agni, the piled-up fire-altar, the construction of which is treated of, for instance, in the Satapatha Br\u00e2hmana VI-X. Prof. Weber has devoted to the rites connected with the kitya agni a very detailed paper, Indische Studien, XIII, 217 seq. That kitya does not mean here anything different from kitya agni is shown by the M\u00e2nava-Grihya I, 3: yadi . . . akshi v\u00e2 spandet karno v\u00e2 krosed agnim v\u00e2 kityam \u00e2rohet smas\u00e2nam v\u00e2 gakkhed y\u00fbpam vopaspriset, &c.","title":"Grihya Sutras, Part 2 (SBE30): Grihya S\u00fbtra of Gobhila: III, 3","type":"page"}