{"collection":"Hinduism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/hin/sbe30/sbe30122.htm","path":"hin/sbe30/sbe30122.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/hin/sbe30/sbe30122.htm","text":"The Grihya Sutras, Part 2 (SBE30), by Hermann Oldenberg, [1892]\nThe Asht\u00e2-kap\u00e2la for Agni, the Ek\u00e2dasa-kap\u00e2la or Dv\u00e2dasa-kap\u00e2la for Indra-Agn\u00ee, form the principal acts at the Am\u00e2v\u00e2sy\u00e2, the new moon, in the case of one who does not sacrifice with Soma.\nIn the case of one who sacrifices with Soma, the second principal act is the S\u00e2mn\u00e2yya (both at the full-moon and new-moon sacrifices).\nCommentary.\nThe S\u00e2mn\u00e2yya is a mixture of dadhi and payas, sour and sweet milk, and is intended for Indra or Mahendra 1. It takes the place of the second Purod\u00e2sa at the new-moon sacrifice.\nIn the case of a Br\u00e2hmana, who does not sacrifice with Soma, the Agn\u00eeshom\u00eeya cake is omitted.\nThis rule does not seem to be accepted by all schools. It is not found in K\u00e2ty\u00e2yana, and Hiranyakesin observes: N\u00e2somay\u00e2gino br\u00e2hmanasy\u00e2gn\u00eeshom\u00eeyah purod\u00e2so vidyata ity ekesh\u00e2m. See Hillebrandt, l.c. p. iii.\nWithout distinction of caste, the Aindr\u00e2gna offering is omitted for one who offers the S\u00e2mn\u00e2yya.\nEven though he be not a Somay\u00e2gin, says the commentary.\nThis whole matter is summed up in Kapardin's commentary: Am\u00e2v\u00e2sy\u00e2y\u00e2m asomay\u00e2gina aindr\u00e2gna-s\u00e2mn\u00e2yyayor vikalpah. Paurnam\u00e2sy\u00e2m tv asomay\u00e2gino br\u00e2hmanasy\u00e2gn\u00eeshom\u00eeyay\u00e2g\u00e2bh\u00e2vah. Tadrahit\u00e2pi paurnam\u00e2s\u00ee purush\u00e2rtham s\u00e2dhayati. Tatra dvayor eva hi y\u00e2gayoh paurnam\u00e2s\u00eesabdav\u00e2kyatvam asti, pratyekam n\u00e2mayog\u00e2t. Tasm\u00e2d agn\u00eeshom\u00eeyay\u00e2garahit\u00e2v evetarau purush\u00e2rtham s\u00e2dhayatah.\nThe Pitri-yag\u00f1a, the sacrifice to the fathers, is not A\u1e45ga (auxiliary) because its own time is prescribed.\nThe text should be pitriyag\u00f1ah svak\u00e2lavidh\u00e2n\u00e2d ana\u1e45gah sy\u00e2t. This sacrifice for the Manes, called also the Pinda-pitriyag\u00f1a, falls under the new-moon sacrifice, but is to be considered as a pradh\u00e2na, a primary sacrifice, not as an a\u1e45ga, a member of the Darsa.\nAlso, because it is enumerated like the Darsap\u00fbrnam\u00e2sa sacrifice.\nThis refers to such passages from the Br\u00e2hmanas as: There are four great sacrifices, the Agnihotram, the Darsap\u00fbrnam\u00e2sau, the K\u00e2turm\u00e2sy\u00e2ni, and the Pinda-pitriyag\u00f1ah.\nAlso, because, when the Am\u00e2v\u00e2sy\u00e2 sacrifice is barred, the Pitriyag\u00f1a is seen to take place.\nA principal act (pradh\u00e2na) is accompanied by auxiliary acts (a\u1e45ga).\nThis S\u00fbtra forms sometimes part of the preceding S\u00fbtra, and would then refer to the Pitriyag\u00f1a only.\nA principal act is what has its own name, and is prescribed with special reference to place, time, and performer.\nThis S\u00fbtra is sometimes divided into two; the first, dese k\u00e2le kartar\u00eeti nirdisyate, the second, asvasabdam yat. The following are given as illustrations. If it is said that 'he should sacrifice with the Vaisvadeva on a slope inclined to the East,' we have the locality. If it is said that 'he should sacrifice with the V\u00e2gapeya in autumn,' we have the time. If it is said that 'the sacrificer himself should offer the Agnihotra on a parvan (change of the moon),' we have the performer. In each of these cases, therefore, the prescribed sacrificial act is a pradh\u00e2na s\u00e2\u1e45gam, a principal act with auxiliary members.\nThe Darvi-homa (libation from a ladle) stands by itself.\nAp\u00fbrva is explained by the commentator, not in its usual sense of miraculous, but as not being subject to the former regulations.\nThey are ordered by the word guhoti, he pours out.\nThey are offered with the word Sv\u00e2h\u00e2.\nAccording to K\u00e2ty\u00e2yana I, 2, 6-7, the guhotis are\noffered sitting, the yagatis standing. See S\u00fbtra XCII. The guhoti acts consist in pouring melted butter into the fire of the \u00c2havan\u00eeya altar, which is so called because '\u00e2h\u00fbyante\u093dsminn \u00e2hutayah kshipyanta iti.'\nTaking (the butter) once.\nOr, if there are several \u00c2hutis, taking (the butter) for each \u00c2huti.\nOr, doing as he likes in dividing (the butter).\nThese three S\u00fbtras belong together. They teach that one slice (avad\u00e2na) of butter should be taken, melted, and poured on the \u00c2havan\u00eeya fire; or, if there are more than one \u00e2huti, then one slice should be taken for each. This, however, is made optional again by the last S\u00fbtra.\nThere is no fuel (in the Darvi-homa), except at the Agnihotra.\nIn the case of the Agnihotra it is distinctly stated, dve samidh\u00e2v \u00e2dadhy\u00e2t, let him lay down two sticks.\nOne pours out (guhoti) the Darvi-homas, sitting west of the \u00c2havan\u00eeya fire, and bending the right knee, or not bending it.\nIf it is distinctly stated, it is done in a different way.\nThe vidhi, contained in S\u00fbtra XCII, is therefore called autsargika, general, and liable to exceptions, as when it is said, that he turns to the east.\nOne pours out (guhoti) all \u00e2hutis, west of the \u00c2havan\u00eeya fire, passing (the altar) southward, and then turning to the north.\nThe \u00c2sruta and Praty\u00e2sruta, the Y\u00e2gy\u00e2 and Anuv\u00e2ky\u00e2, the Upastarana and Abhigh\u00e2rana, with the slicings, the Katurgrih\u00eeta also, and the Vashatk\u00e2ra constitute the Darvi-homas.\nThe \u00c2sruta is \u00e2 sr\u00e2vaya; the Praty\u00e2sruta, astu sraushat; Anuv\u00e2ky\u00e2 and Y\u00e2gy\u00e2 are verses, the first inviting the deity, the second accompanying the sacrifice. Whenever vegetable, animal, or s\u00e2mn\u00e2yya offerings have to be. sliced, upastarana, spreading, and abhigh\u00e2rana, sprinkling with fat, take place. With \u00e2gya offerings there is Katurgrih\u00eeta (taking four times), and the Vashatk\u00e2ra.\nWith \u00e2hutis one should let the act (the pouring out) take place after the Vashatk\u00e2ra has been made, or while it is being made.\nThe Vashatk\u00e2ra consists in the word Vashat, to be uttered by the Hotri-priest. The five sacrificial interjections are, sv\u00e2h\u00e2, sraushat, vaushat, vashat, and svadh\u00e2.\nWith the Grahas the act should be made to coincide with the Upay\u00e2ma.\nGrahas are offerings of Soma, and likewise the vessels (kamasa) in which the Soma is offered. The Soma is offered with the words upay\u00e2ma-grih\u00eeto\u093dsi, and while these words are being uttered, the fluid should be poured out (dh\u00e2r\u00e2m sr\u00e2vayet).\nWith the Ishtak\u00e2s, the act should be made to coincide with the words tay\u00e2 deva tena.\nWhen the different ishtak\u00e2s or bricks are placed together for building an altar, &c., the act itself begins with the first and ends with the last words of the accompanying verse.\nWhen there is a number of Purod\u00e2sas, one should slice off one after another, saying for each portion vy\u00e2vartadhvam (separate)!\nPurod\u00e2sa is a cake made of meal (pakvah pishtapindah), different from karu, which is more of a pulse consisting of grains of rice or barley, and clarified butter (ghritatandulobhay\u00e2tmakam). This purod\u00e2sa cake has to be divided for presentation to different deities. If there are more than two deities, the plural vy\u00e2vartadhvam, separate, has to be used.\nWhen the two last are sliced off, he should say for each portion, vy\u00e2varteth\u00e2m, separate ye two!\nEach slice, avad\u00e2na, is said to be about a thumb's breadth. In the case of s\u00e2mn\u00e2yya, the mixture of sour and sweet milk, a kind of coagulated sour milk, each portion is to be of the same breadth, but, as it is fluid, it is\ntaken out with a ladle (sruva) of a corresponding size; see K\u00e2ty\u00e2yana I, 9, 7.\n337:1 Vaidya in his Dictionary explains it, however, as any substance mixed with clarified butter and offered as a burnt offering, which can hardly be right.","title":"Grihya Sutras, Part 2 (SBE30): \u00c2pastamba's Yag\u00f1a-Paribh\u00e2sh\u00e2-S\u00fbtras: S\u00fbtras 76-100","type":"page"}