{"collection":"Jainism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/jai/sbe22/sbe2289.htm","path":"jai/sbe22/sbe2289.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/jai/sbe22/sbe2289.htm","text":"Jaina Sutras, Part II (SBE22), tr. by Hermann Jacobi, [1884]\nIn that period, in that age lived the Arhat Rishabha, the Kosalian 1, four important moments of whose life happened when the moon was in conjunction with the asterism Uttar\u00e2sh\u00e2dh\u00e2; the fifth, when in conjunction with Abhigit: (204) in Uttar\u00e2sh\u00e2dh\u00e2 he descended from heaven, &c. (all down to) in Abhigit he obtained final liberation. (205)\nIn that period, in that age, in the fourth month of summer, in the seventh fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of Ash\u00e2dha, on its fourth day, the Arhat Rishabha, the Kosalian, descended from the great Vim\u00e2na called Sarv\u00e2rthasiddha, where he had lived for thirty-three S\u00e2garopamas, here on the continent Gamb\u00fbdv\u00eepa, in Bharatavarsha, in Ikshv\u00e2kubh\u00fbmi, and in the middle of the night, &c., he took the form of an embryo in the womb of Marudev\u00ee, wife of the patriarch 2 N\u00e2bhi. (206)\nThe knowledge of the Arhat Rishabha about this, &c. (all as in the case of Mah\u00e2v\u00eera, but note the following differences: the first dream is a bull 'coming forward with his face,' the other (mothers of T\u00eerthakaras see first) an elephant. She (Marudev\u00ee) relates them to N\u00e2bhi, the patriarch; there\nare no interpreters of dreams; N\u00e2bhi, the patriarch, himself interprets them). (207)\nIn that period, in that age the Arhat Rishabha, the Kosalian,--in the first month of summer, in the first fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of Kaitra, on its eighth day, &c.,--(Marudev\u00ee), perfectly healthy herself, gave birth to a perfectly healthy boy. (208)\n(The circumstances connected with the birth of Rishabha are the same as in the case of that of Mah\u00e2v\u00eera, only that the contents of \u00a7\u00a7 100 and 101 do not apply to the present case.) (209)\nThe Arhat Rishabha, the Kosalian, belonged to the K\u00e2syapa gotra, and he had five names: Rishabha, First King, First Mendicant, First Gina, and First T\u00eerthakara. (210)\nThe Arhat Rishabha, the Kosalian, clever, with the aspirations of a clever man, of great beauty, controlling (his senses), lucky, and modest, lived two millions of former years 1 as a prince, and six millions three hundred thousand former years as a king. During his reign he taught, for the benefit of the people, the seventy-two sciences, of which writing is the first, arithmetic the most important, and the knowledge of omens the last, the sixty-four accomplishments of women, the hundred arts, and the three occupations of men 2. At last he anointed his\nhundred sons as kings, and gave each a kingdom. Then the Lauk\u00e2ntika god, following the established custom, &c. (see \u00a7\u00a7 110-112, down to) indigent persons. In the first month of summer, in the first fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of Kaitra, on its eighth day, in the latter part of the day, riding in his palankin called Sudarsan\u00e2, followed on his way by a train of gods, men, and Asuras, &c. (Rishabha) went right through the town Vin\u00eet\u00e2 to the park called Siddh\u00e2rtha Vana, and proceeded to the excellent tree Asoka. There, &c. (see \u00a7 116, down to) four handfuls. When the moon was in conjunction with the asterism Ash\u00e2dh\u00e2, he, after fasting two and a half days without drinking water, put on a divine robe, and together with four thousand of high, noble, royal persons, and Kshatriyas, he tore out his hair, and leaving the house entered the state of houselessness. (211)\nThe Arhat Rishabha, the Kosalian, for one thousand years neglected his body, &c. (see \u00a7\u00a7 1 I7-120, down to) meditated upon himself for one thousand years. Thereupon--it was in the fourth month of winter, the seventh fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of Ph\u00e2lguna, on its eleventh day, in the early part of the day, when the moon was in conjunction with the asterism Ash\u00e2dh\u00e2, outside of the town Purimat\u00e2la, in the park called Sakatamukha, under the excellent tree Nyagrodha--(Rishabha) after fasting three and a half days without drinking water, being engaged in deep meditation, reached the infinite, &c. (see \u00a7 120, down to) highest knowledge and intuition called Kevala, &c. (see \u00a7 121, down to) moment. (212)\nThe Arhat Rishabha, the Kosalian, had eighty-four Ganas and eighty-four Ganadharas. (213)\nThe Arhat Rishabha, the Kosalian, had an excellent community of eighty-four thousand Sramanas with Rishabhasena at their head; (214) three hundred thousand nuns with Brahm\u00eesundar\u00ee at their head; (215) three hundred and five thousand lay votaries with Srey\u00e2msa at their head; (216) five hundred and fifty-four thousand female lay votaries with Subhadr\u00e2 at their head; (217) four thousand seven hundred and fifty sages who knew the fourteen P\u00fbrvas, &c.; (218) nine thousand sages who were possessed of the Avadhi knowledge; (219) twenty thousand Kevalins; (220) twenty thousand six hundred sages who could transform themselves; (221) twelve thousand six hundred and fifty sages of vast intellect, &c.; (222) twelve thousand six hundred and fifty professors; (223) twenty thousand male and forty thousand female disciples who had reached perfection; (224) twenty-two thousand nine hundred sages in their last birth, &c. (225)\nThe Arhat Rishabha, the Kosalian, instituted, &c. (see \u00a7 146, down to) the former ended after numberless generations, the latter from the next Muh\u00fbrta after his Kevaliship. (226)\nIn that period, in that age the Arhat Rishabha, the Kosalian, lived two millions of former years as a prince, six millions three hundred thousand former years as a king, together eight millions three hundred thousand former years as a householder; a thousand (former) years in a state inferior to perfection, nine-and-ninety thousand former years as a Kevalin, together a hundred thousand former years as a Sramana, and eight\nmillions four hundred thousand years on the whole. When his fourfold Karman was exhausted, and in this Avasarpin\u00ee era the Sushamaduhsham\u00e2 period had nearly elapsed, only three years and eight and a half months being left, in the third month of winter, in the fifth fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of M\u00e2gha, on its thirteenth day, in the early part of the day when the moon was in conjunction with the asterism Abhigit, (Rishabha), after fasting six and a half days without drinking water, on the summit of mount Asht\u00e2pada, in the company of ten thousand monks in the Samparya\u1e45ka position, died, &c. (all down to) freed from all pains. (227)\nSince the time that the Arhat Rishabha, the Kosalian, died, &c. (all down to) freed from all pains, three years and eight and a half months elapsed; thereupon one koti of kotis of S\u00e2garopamas, less forty-two thousand and three years and eight and a half months, elapsed. At that time the Venerable Ascetic Mah\u00e2v\u00eera died; after his Nirv\u00e2na nine centuries elapsed, of the tenth century this is the eightieth year.\n_______________________\nEnd of the Life of Rishabha.\nEnd of the Lives of the Ginas.\n281:1 Kosaliya = Kausalika. He is thus called because he was born in Kosal\u00e2 or Ayodhy\u00e2.\n281:2 Kulakara; these Kulakaras were the first kings and founders of families at the time when the rest of mankind were 'Yugalins.' The first Kulakara was Vimalav\u00e2hana; the seventh and last of the line N\u00e2bhi.\n282:1 See \u00c2k\u00e2r\u00e2\u1e45ga S\u00fbtra I, 6, 3, \u00a7 2, note 1.\n282:2 The arts, as those of the potter, blacksmith, painter, weaver, and barber, each of which five principal arts is subdivided into twenty branches, are inventions and must be taught; while the occupations, agriculture, trade, &c. have everywhere developed, as it were, of themselves. The accomplishments of women are dancing, singing, &c. The commentator adds to these a detailed list of those questionable accomplishments which V\u00e2tsy\u00e2yana has so curiously described, and refers the reader to the Gayama\u1e45gala for further details. The latter work, a still extant commentary on the p. 283 K\u00e2ma S\u00fbtra, must therefore be older than 1307, the date of Ginaprabhamuni's commentary on the Kalpa S\u00fbtra.","title":"Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Lives of the Ginas: Life of Rishabha","type":"page"}