{"collection":"Jainism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/jai/sbe45/sbe4536.htm","path":"jai/sbe45/sbe4536.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/jai/sbe45/sbe4536.htm","text":"Jaina Sutras, Part II (SBE45), tr. by Hermann Jacobi, [1895]\nI shall deliver in due order the Lecture on L\u00easy\u00e2; hear the nature of the six L\u00easy\u00e2s (produced by) Karman. (1)\nHear 1. the names, 2. colours, 3. tastes, 4. smells, 5. touches, 6. degrees, 7. character, 8. variety, 9. duration, 10. result, and 11. life of the L\u00easy\u00e2s. (2)\n1. They are named in the following order: black, blue, grey, red, yellow, and white. (3)\n2. The black L\u00easy\u00e2 has the colour of a rain-cloud, a buffalo's horn, (the fruit of) Rishtaka 1, or the eye of the wagtail. (4)\nThe blue L\u00easy\u00e2 has the colour of the blue As\u00f4ka 2, the tail of the Kasha 3, or of lapis lazuli. (5)\nThe grey L\u00easy\u00e2 has the colour of the flower of Atas\u00ee 4, the feathers of the K\u00f4kila, or the collar of pigeons. (6)\nThe red L\u00easy\u00e2 has the colour of vermilion, the rising sun, or the bill of a parrot. (7)\nThe yellow L\u00easy\u00e2 has the colour of orpiment, turmeric, or the flowers of Sana 5 and Asana 6. (8)\nThe white L\u00easy\u00e2 has the colour of a conch-shell, the a\u1e45ka-stone 7, Kunda-flowers 8, flowing milk, silver, or a necklace of pearls. (9)\n3. The taste of the black L\u00easy\u00e2 is infinitely more bitter than that of Tumbaka 9, (the fruit of the) Nimb-tree 10, or of R\u00f4hin\u00ee. (10)\nThe taste of the blue L\u00easy\u00e2 is infinitely more pungent than Trikatuka 1 and Hastipippal\u00ee. (11)\nThe taste of grey L\u00easy\u00e2 is infinitely sourer than that of unripe Mango and Kapittha 2. (12)\nThe taste of red L\u00easy\u00e2 is infinitely more pleasant than that of ripe Mango and Kapittha. (13)\nThe taste of yellow L\u00easy\u00e2 is infinitely better than that of excellent wine and various liquors, honey and Mair\u00eayaka 3. (14)\nThe taste of white L\u00easy\u00e2 is infinitely better than that of dates, grapes, milk, candied and pounded sugar. (15)\nThe smell of the bad L\u00easy\u00e2s (viz. the three first) is infinitely worse than that of the corpse of a cow, dog, or snake. (16)\nThe smell of the three good L\u00easy\u00e2s is infinitely more pleasant than that of fragrant flowers and of perfumes when they are pounded. (17)\n5. The touch of the bad L\u00easy\u00e2s is infinitely worse than that of a saw, the tongue of a cow, or leaf of the Teak tree. (18)\nThe touch of the three good L\u00easy\u00e2s is infinitely more pleasant than that of cotton, butter, or Sir\u00eesha-flowers 4. (19)\n6. The degrees 5 of the L\u00easy\u00e2s are three, or nine,\nor twenty-seven, or eighty-one, or two hundred and forty-three. (20)\n7. A man who acts on the impulse of the five \u00c2sravas 1, does not possess the three Guptis, has not ceased to injure the six (kinds of living beings), commits cruel acts, is wicked and violent, is afraid of no consequences 2, is mischievous and does not subdue his senses--a man of such habits develops the black L\u00easy\u00e2. (21, 22)\nA man of the following qualities: envy, anger, want of self-control, ignorance, deceit, want of modesty, greed, hatred, wickedness, carelessness, love of enjoyment; a man who pursues pleasures and does not abstain from sinful undertakings, who is wicked and violent--a man of such habits develops the blue L\u00easy\u00e2. (23, 24)\nA man who is dishonest in words and acts, who is base, not upright, a dissembler and deceiver 3, a heretic, a vile man, a talker of hurtful and sinful things, a thief, and full of jealousy--a man of such habits develops the grey L\u00easy\u00e2. (25, 26)\nA man who is humble, steadfast, free from deceit and inquisitiveness, well disciplined, restrained, attentive to his study and duties 4, who loves the Law and keeps it, who is afraid of forbidden things and strives after the highest good--a man of such habits develops the red L\u00easy\u00e2. (27, 28)\nA man who has but little anger, pride, deceit, and greed, whose mind is at ease, who controls himself,\nwho is attentive to his study and duties, who speaks but little, is calm, and subdues his senses--a man of such habits develops the yellow L\u00easy\u00e2. (29, 30)\nA man who abstains from constant thinking about his misery and about sinful deeds, but engages in meditation on the Law and truth only 1, whose mind is at ease, who controls himself, who practises the Samitis and Guptis, whether he be still subject to passion or free from passion, is calm, and subdues his senses--a man of such habits develops the white L\u00easy\u00e2. (31, 32)\n8. There are as many varieties 2 of L\u00easy\u00e2s as there are Samayas 3 in the innumerable Avasarpin\u00ees and Utsarpin\u00ees, and as there are countless worlds. (33)\n9. Half a muh\u00fbrta is the shortest, and thirty-three S\u00e2gar\u00f4pam\u00e2s plus one muh\u00fbrta is the longest duration of the black L\u00easy\u00e2. (34)\nHalf a muh\u00fbrta is the shortest, and ten S\u00e2gar\u00f4pam\u00e2s plus one Paly\u00f4pam\u00e2 and a part of an Asamkhy\u00eaya is the longest duration of the blue L\u00easy\u00e2. (35)\nHalf a muh\u00fbrta is the shortest, and three S\u00e2gar\u00f4pam\u00e2s plus one Paly\u00f4pam\u00e2 and a part of an Asamkhy\u00eaya is the longest duration of the grey L\u00easy\u00e2. (36)\nHalf a muh\u00fbrta is the shortest, and two S\u00e2gar\u00f4pam\u00e2s plus one Paly\u00f4pam\u00e2 and a part of an Asamkhy\u00eaya is the longest duration of the red L\u00easy\u00e2. (37)\nHalf a muh\u00fbrta is the shortest, and ten S\u00e2gar\u00f4pam\u00e2s plus one muh\u00fbrta is the longest duration of the yellow L\u00easy\u00e2. (38)\nHalf a muh\u00fbrta is the shortest, and thirty-three S\u00e2gar\u00f4pam\u00e2s plus one muh\u00fbrta is the longest duration of the white L\u00easy\u00e2. (39)\nI have described above the duration of the L\u00easy\u00e2s generally; I shall now detail their duration in the four walks of mundane existence 1. (40)\nThe shortest duration of the grey L\u00easy\u00e2 (of a denizen of hell) is ten thousand years, the longest three S\u00e2gar\u00f4pam\u00e2s plus one Paly\u00f4pam\u00e2 and part of an Asamkhy\u00eaya. (41)\nThe shortest duration of the blue L\u00easy\u00e2 (of a denizen of hell) is three S\u00e2gar\u00f4pam\u00e2s plus one Paly\u00f4pam\u00e2 and a part of an Asamkhy\u00eaya, the longest ten S\u00e2gar\u00f4pam\u00e2s plus one Paly\u00f4pam\u00e2 and a part of an Asamkhy\u00eaya. (42)\nThe shortest duration of the black L\u00easy\u00e2 (of a denizen of hell) is ten S\u00e2gar\u00f4pam\u00e2s plus one Paly\u00f4pam\u00e2 and a part of an Asamkhy\u00eaya, the longest thirty-three S\u00e2gar\u00f4pam\u00e2s. (43)\nI have described the duration of the L\u00easy\u00e2s of denizens of hell; I shall now describe that of animals, men, and gods. (44)\nThe duration of any of the L\u00easy\u00e2s except the best (viz. white one) is less than a muh\u00fbrta for (the lowest organisms), animals, and men 2. (45)\nHalf a muh\u00fbrta is the shortest duration of the white L\u00easy\u00e2 (of animals and men), and the longest a Krore of former years 3 less nine years. (46)\nI have described the duration of the L\u00easy\u00e2s of animals and men, I shall now describe that of the gods. (47)\nThe shortest duration of the black L\u00easy\u00e2 is ten thousand years, the longest a Paly\u00f4pam\u00e2 and (a part of) an Asamkhy\u00eaya. (48)\nThe shortest duration of the blue L\u00easy\u00e2 is equal to the longest of the black one plus one Samaya; the longest is one Paly\u00f4pam\u00e2 plus a (greater part of) an Asamkhy\u00eaya. (49)\nThe shortest duration of the grey L\u00easy\u00e2 is equal to the longest of the blue one plus one Samaya; the longest is one Paly\u00f4pam\u00e2 plus (a still greater part of) an Asamkhy\u00eaya. (50)\nI shall now describe the red L\u00easy\u00e2 as it is with gods, Bhavanapatis, Vyantaras, Gy\u00f4tishkas, and Vaim\u00e2nikas. (51)\nThe shortest duration of the red L\u00easy\u00e2 is one Paly\u00f4pam\u00e2, the longest two S\u00e2gar\u00f4pam\u00e2s plus one Paly\u00f4pam\u00e2 and a part of an Asamkhy\u00eaya 1. (52)\nThe shortest duration of the red L\u00easy\u00e2 is ten thousand years, the longest two S\u00e2gar\u00f4pam\u00e2s plus one Paly\u00f4pam\u00e2 and a part of an Asamkhy\u00eaya. (53)\nThe longest duration of the red L\u00easy\u00e2 plus one Samaya is equal to the shortest of the yellow L\u00easy\u00e2; its longest, however, is ten muh\u00fbrtas longer. (54)\nThe longest duration of the yellow L\u00easy\u00e2 plus one Samaya is equal to the shortest of the white L\u00easy\u00e2; the longest, however, is thirty-three muh\u00fbrtas longer. (55)\n10. The black, blue, and grey L\u00easy\u00e2s are the\nlowest L\u00easy\u00e2s; through them the soul is brought into miserable courses of life. (56)\nThe red, yellow, and white L\u00easy\u00e2s are the good L\u00easy\u00e2s; through them the soul is brought into happy courses of life. (57)\n11. In the first moment of these L\u00easy\u00e2s when they are joined (with the soul), the latter is not born into a new existence 1. (58)\nIn the last moment of all these L\u00easy\u00e2s when they are joined (with the soul), the latter is not born into a new existence. (59)\nWhile the last muh\u00fbrta is running and a part of it is still to come, the souls with their L\u00easy\u00e2s developed, go to a new birth. (60)\nA wise man should, therefore, know the nature of these L\u00easy\u00e2s; he should avoid the bad ones and obtain the good ones. (61)\nThus I say.\n196:2 The l\u00easy\u00e2s (adhyavas\u00e2ya vis\u00eash\u00e2h) are different conditions produced in the soul by the influence of different Karman; they are therefore not dependent on the nature of the soul, but on the Karman which accompanies the soul, and are, as it were, the reflection of the Karman on the soul, as stated in the following verse from the Avak\u00fbri: krishn\u00e2didravyas\u00e2kivy\u00e2t parin\u00e2m\u00f4 ya \u00e2tmanah | spatikasy\u00eava tatr\u00e2yam l\u00easy\u00e2sabdah pravartate || The alteration produced on the soul, just as on a crystal by the presence of black things, &c., is denoted by the word l\u00easy\u00e2.' The L\u00easy\u00e2, or, according to the above explanation, what produces L\u00easy\u00e2, is a subtile substance accompanying the soul; to it are attributed the qualities described in this lecture.--The word l\u00eas\u00e2 is derived from kl\u00easa; this etymology appears rather fanciful, but I think it may be right. For the L\u00easy\u00e2s seem to be the Kl\u00easas, which affect the soul, conceived as a kind of substance. The Sanskrit term L\u00easy\u00e2 is of course a hybrid word. It must, however, be stated that l\u00eas\u00e2 occurs also in the meaning 'colour,' e.g. S\u00fbtrakrit. I, 6, 13, and that the Pr\u00e2krit of kl\u00easa is kil\u00easa.\n197:1 Sapindus Detergens.\n197:2 It is not the common As\u00f4ka, Jonesia Asoka, which has red flowers.\n197:3 Corarias Indica, blue jay; according to some, a kingfisher.\n197:4 Linum Usitatissimum, whose flowers are blue.--The word for grey is k\u00e2\u00fb = k\u00e2p\u00f4ta; in the comm., however, it is described as kimkit krishn\u00e2, kimkil l\u00f4hit\u00e2, which would be rather brown. But the description given in our verse leaves no doubt that grey colour is intended.\n197:5 Crotolaria Juncea.\n197:6 Terminalia Tomentosa.\n197:7 A\u1e45ka, manivis\u00easha.\n197:8 Jasminum Multiflorum.\n197:9 The gourd Lagenaria Vulgaris.\n197:10 Azadirachta Indica.\n198:1 The aggregate of three spices, &c., black and long pepper and dry ginger.\n198:2 Feronia Elephantum.\n198:3 A kind of intoxicating drink, extracted from the blossoms of Lythrum Fructicosum, with sugar, &c.\n198:4 Acacia Sirisa.\n198:5 The L\u00easy\u00e2s may possess their qualities in a low, middle, or high degree; each of these degrees is again threefold, viz. low, middle, and high. In this way the subdivision is carried on up to 243.\n199:1 I.e. commits the five great sins.--The following verses give the character--lakshana--of the L\u00easy\u00e2s.\n199:2 This is, according to the comm., the meaning of the word niddhamdhasaparin\u00e2m\u00f4.\n199:3 Paliu\u00f1kaga-uvahiya = pratiku\u00f1kaka-upadhika.\n199:4 Y\u00f4gav\u00e2n upadh\u00e2nav\u00e2n.\n200:1 Literally: who avoids the \u00e2rta and raudra dhy\u00e2nas, and practises the dharma and sukla dhy\u00e2nas. These terms cannot be adequately translated; the reader may therefore be referred for details to Bhandarkar's Report, p. 110 ff.\n200:2 Th\u00e2n\u00e2im sth\u00e2n\u00e2ni.\n200:3 Samaya is the smallest division of time = instant, moment.\n201:1 Viz. as denizens of hell, brutes, men, and gods. Only the three first L\u00easy\u00e2s lead to being born in hell.\n201:2 The consequence of this statement appears to be that at the expiration of the L\u00easy\u00e2 a new one is produced. The commentators, however, are not explicit on this head.\n201:3 About the former years, see above, p. 16, note 1.\n202:1 This verse seems to lay down the duration of the L\u00easy\u00e2 in the case of common gods, while the next one applies to Bhavanapatis, &c.\n203:1 The question treated rather darkly in the next three verses is, according to the comm., the following:--Every individual dies in the same L\u00easy\u00e2 in which he is born. When his L\u00easy\u00e2 ends with his life, then the soul must get a new L\u00easy\u00e2. Our verses state at which time the new L\u00easy\u00e2 comes into existence or is joined with the soul.","title":"Jaina Sutras, Part II (SBE45): Uttar\u00e2dhyayana: Thirty-Fourth Lecture. On L\u00easy\u00e2","type":"page"}