{"collection":"Jainism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/jai/sbe45/sbe4569.htm","path":"jai/sbe45/sbe4569.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/jai/sbe45/sbe4569.htm","text":"Jaina Sutras, Part II (SBE45), tr. by Hermann Jacobi, [1895]\nA very clever (monk) who practises the vow of chastity, should not adopt the following (heretical) doctrines, nor behave badly in this religion. (1)\nHe should not believe that (this world) is without beginning or without end, eternal or not eternal, according to the argumentation (of heretics) 1. (2) From these alternatives you cannot arrive at\ntruth; from these alternatives you are, certainly, led to error. (3)\nOne should not say: that there will be an end of beings who (know and) teach the truth 1; nor that all beings are not alike, nor that they shall be in (perpetual) bondage, or (that the prophets are) eternal. (4)\nFrom these alternatives you cannot arrive at the truth, &c. (see verse 3). (5)\nOne should not say: the guilt of killing small and great animals is the same, or not the same. (6) From these alternatives, &c. (7)\nOne should know that those who accept things especially prepared for them 2, will be affected by demerit (in some cases), or will not be affected (where it is allowed by scripture). (8)\nFrom these alternatives, &c. (9)\nOne should not maintain the identity of the aud\u00e2rika 3, \u00e2h\u00e2rika, and k\u00e2rmana bodies, nor\nthat everything cannot everywhere come into existence 1, nor that it can. (10)\nFrom these alternatives, &c. (11)\nDo not maintain that the world does not exist, maintain that it exists. (12)\nDo not maintain that G\u00eeva and Ag\u00eeva do not exist, but that they exist. (13)\nDo not maintain that Dharma and Adharma do not exist, but that they exist. (14)\nDo not maintain that bondage and liberation do not exist, but that they exist. (15)\nDo not maintain that virtue and vice 2 do not exist, but that they exist. (16)\nDo not maintain that \u00c2srava and the stoppage of \u00c2srava do not exist, but that they exist. (17)\nDo not maintain that the experiencing of the effect, and the annihilation of Karman do not exist, but that they exist. (18)\nDo not maintain that activity and non-activity do not exist, but that they exist. (19)\nDo not maintain that anger and pride do not exist, but that they exist. (20)\nDo not maintain that deceit and greed do not exist, but that they exist. (21)\nDo not maintain that love and hate do not exist, but that they exist. (22)\nDo not maintain that the fourfold Circle of Births does not exist, but that it exists. (23)\nDo not maintain that there are no gods and goddesses, but that there are. (24)\nDo not maintain that there is no such thing as perfection and non-perfection, but that there is such a thing. (25)\nDo not maintain that there is no place exclusively reserved for those who attain to perfection, but that there is such 1. (26)\nDo not maintain that there are no pious and wicked men, but that there are. (27)\nDo not maintain that there is no such thing as good and bad, but that there is good and bad. (28)\nThe theory will not work that (a man is always) good, or (always) bad. The wrongly instructed Sramanas do not comprehend the (soul's) bondage 2 (through Karman). (29)\n(Do not assert) that everything is imperishable, or full of pains, nor that criminals should be put to death or not be put to death; one should not speak in this way. (30)\nDo not assert that those men are well-behaved monks who lead a pure life, and that those others lead an impure life. (31)\nA wise monk should not say: we get alms (from this householder) or we do not; but he should improve his chances for final liberation 1. (32)\nA monk should conform himself to these opinions taught by the Ginas, and wander about till he reaches final liberation. (33)\nThus I say.\n405:1 The Gainas decide all such questions with the help of the sy\u00e2dv\u00e2da, which in an admirable way removes all difficulties; e.g. the world is eternal as far as that part is concerned which is p. 406 the substratum of the idea (s\u00e2m\u00e2nya) 'world'; it is not eternal as far as its ever-changing state is meant.\n406:1 S\u00e2st\u00e2rah, teachers, here those who reach perfection. The meaning is that the world would become empty if all beings should reach perfection. This should not he maintained, nor the opposite opinion, that some beings are qualified for Nirv\u00e2na and others not.\n406:2 Ah\u00e2kamm\u00e2ni, see p. 131, note 7.\n406:3 The Gainas assume that each individual possesses five bodies: (1) aud\u00e2rika, or the body that is seen; (2) k\u00e2rmana, receptacle of Karman, it is composed of Karman particles; (3) taigasa, a body composed of particles of fire, it causes digestion; (4) \u00e2h\u00e2raka, a subtile body of the soul, with which he goes to distant places (e.g. when a katurdasap\u00fbrvin goes to the K\u00eavalin to clear up some doubt); (5) vaikriya, a subtile body which can be changed at will. All these 'bodies,' except the first, are what in common language are called spirits or souls. We have here a Hindu counterpart of the belief in the plurality of souls shared p. 407 by many ancient and modern nations. Compare the following verses quoted in Tylor, Origin of Culture, Chapter XI:\n[paragraph continues] I am inclined to believe that the idea of the \u00e2h\u00e2raka and vaikriya sar\u00eeras is developed from the popular belief that the soul in sleep leaves the body and travels far away. Compare also the S\u00e2\u1e45khya terms vaikrita and taigasa, Garbe, Die S\u00e2mkhya-Philosophie, pp. 236, 249.\n407:1 According to the commentator this is said against the S\u00e2\u1e45khya philosophy, for as everything is an effect of Prakriti, and Prakriti is present everywhere, everything may come into existence everywhere.\n407:2 Punyam and p\u00e2pam. The one is the good Karman (subham karmapudgalam); the other, the bad.\n408:1 See Uttar\u00e2dhyayana XXXVI, 62, 63, p. 212.\n408:2 V\u00eara = vaira, explained karmabandha.\n409:1 Santimaggam ka v\u00fbha\u00ea = s\u00e2ntim\u00e2rgam ka vrimhay\u00eat.","title":"Jaina Sutras, Part II (SBE45): S\u00fbtrakrit\u00e2\u1e45ga: Book 2, Lecture 5: Freedom from Error","type":"page"}