{"collection":"Judaism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/jud/etm/etm034.htm","path":"jud/etm/etm034.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/jud/etm/etm034.htm","text":"Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna, by D. A. Sola and M. J. Raphall, [1843]\n\u00a7 1. He who builds, how much must he build to become guilty? Whoever builds at all [be it ever so little], whoever chops a stone, strikes with a hammer, or uses a plane, or bores a hole; [whosoever] at all [does either of these] is guilty. The rule is, whosoever does any work, which is lasting and durable, 1 on the Sabbath, is guilty. R. Simeon ben Gamaliel saith, \"He [likewise is guilty] who strikes with a hammer on an anvil, because it appears as if he prepared [or finished off] work.\n\u00a7 2. Whoever ploughs at all, or weeds, or clears [away parasite branches; whoever] at all [does either of these], is guilty. Whoever gathers wood, if to [clear], improve [the] ground, any quantity, [however small]; if to burn, sufficient to boil a light egg. Whoever gathers herbs, if to [clear], improve the ground, any quantity, [however small]; if for [feeding] a beast, sufficient for a kid's mouthful.\n\u00a7 3. Whoever writes two letters, whether with his right or with\nhis left hand, whether the one letter [twice], or two [different] letters, or with different inks, in any language [or character], is guilty. R. Jos\u00e9 saith, \"The writing of two letters was prohibited, solely because [they may serve] to mark [withal]; for the boards of the tabernacle were thus lettered, to know how to match them.\" Rabbi saith, \"We find short names, [which are abbreviations] of larger ones; as \u05e9\u05dd [Sam or Sim], from Samuel or Simeon; \u05e0\u05d7 [Noah], from Nahor; \u05d2\u05df [Dan], from Daniel; \u05d2\u05d3 [Gad], from Gadiel.\n\u00a7 4. Whoever, on one occasion, unwittingly [off-hand at once] writes two letters, is guilty; whether he write with ink, or paint, or ruddle, or gum, or vitriol, or any [other] substance that leaves a [lasting] mark. [Moreover, whoever writes] on the two [angles forming] corner walls, or on two tablets [leaves] of an account-book, 3 so that the two correspond, 4 is guilty. Whoever writes on his [own] flesh, is guilty. Whoever scratches [alphabetical characters] on his own flesh, R Eleazar [pronounces] bound to bring a sin-offering; but R. Joshua absolves him.\n\u00a7 5. Whoever writes with [any kind of dark] beverage [liquid], or with the juice of fruit, or with dust from the road, or with writing sand, or with any [other] substance which is not durable, is absolved; [whoever writes] with the back of his hand, or his foot, or his mouth, or his elbow, or if he writes [adds] one letter to writing [which is already written], or writes over writing; [moreover], if he intended to write [the letter] \u05d7, but actually wrote two \u05d6, [or wrote] one [letter] on the ground, and one on the boards [partition], or wrote on two walls of the house, or on two leaves of an account-book, which do not correspond [cannot be joined], so that the writing may be read [as a whole]; [whoever does either of these] is absolved. Whoever writes one letter of notaricon 5 is, by R. Joshua ben Bethera, pronounced guilty; but the sages absolve him.\n\u00a7 6. Whoever unwittingly writes two letters on two [different] occasions, [as], one in the morning, and one towards evening, is, by Rabbon Gamaliel, pronounced guilty; but the sages absolve him.\n54:1 Such work as is done on the Sabbath remains, either per se, or as an integral portion of something else, in statu quo, after the Sabbath.\n55:3 \u05e4\u05e0\u05e7\u05e1, derived from the Greek \u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2, pinacos, and used by the Mishna to designate books of account, such as are used by commercial men.\n55:4 I.e. So that the two can be joined, and the letters matched, to be read as forming one whole.\n55:5 A kind of short-hand used by law-writers [notaries, from whom it derived its name], and formed by the initial letters of the different words composing a sentence.","title":"Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna: XII. Treatise Sabbath...","type":"page"}