{"collection":"Judaism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/jud/jms/jms23.htm","path":"jud/jms/jms23.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/jud/jms/jms23.htm","text":"Jewish Magic and Superstition, by Joshua Trachtenberg, [1939]\n1. On Biblical magic see J. G. Frazer, Folk-Lore in the Old Testament, 3 vols., London 1918; T. W. Davies, Magic, Divination and Demonology Among the Hebrews and Their Neighbors, London 1898; B. Jacob, Im Namen Gottes, Berlin 1903; A. Jirku, Materialien zur Volksreligion Israels, Leipzig 1914; on Talmudic magic see L. Blau, Das altj\u00fcdische Zauberwesen, Budapest 1888; D. Joel, Der Aberglaube und die Stellung des Judenthums zu demselben, Breslau 1881-3 (Part I devotes some space to the Biblical period); G. Brecher, Das Transcendentale, Magie und magische Heilarten im Talmud, Vienna 1850. Very little has been written on the magic of the Geonic period. See Joel's book, Part II, and J. A. Montgomery, Aramaic Incantation Texts from Nippur, Phila. 1913; J. Wohlstein, D\u00e4monenbeschw\u00f6rungen aus nachtalmudischer Zeit, Berlin 1894; M. Gaster, The Sword of Moses, London 1886; Cyrus H. Gordon, \"Aramaic Magical Bowls in the Istanbul and Baghdad Museums,\" Archiv Orient\u00e1ln\u00ed, VI (Praha 1934), 319-34.\n2. S. \u1e24as. 43, 1136, 1137, 1444; \u1e24ochmat HaNefesh, 12d; Hadar Zekenim on Ex. 22:17; Moses Taku, O\u1e93ar Ne\u1e25mad, III, 61; cf. Grimm, II, 546. Gaster, Ma\u2018aseh Book, II, 576 ff., has a typical German folk-tale about a magic ring that could be used to transform a person into a werwolf.\u2014\u1e92iyuni, 55a; Ma\u2018aseh Book, II, 320 f.; S. \u1e24as. B, 1166; \u1e24ochmat HaNefesh, 12d; cf. Grimm, II, 898; Wuttke, 55;S. \u1e24as. 1453; \u1e92iyuni, 26e; Hadar Zekenim on Ex. 8:12; Da\u2018at Zekenim on Ex. 8:14; Ha\u1e24ayim, IV, 10. Cf. Lea, III, 510: \"One precaution, held indispensable by some experienced practitioners, was that the witch on arrest was to be placed immediately in a basket and thus be carried to prison, without allowing her feet to touch the earth, for if she were permitted to do so she could slay her captors with lightning and escape\"; cf. also Grimm, II, 899, III, 444, \u00a730.\n3. S. \u1e24as. 1463, 1465, 1466; G\u00fcd. I, 203, n. 8, 204, n. 5, 205, n. 3, II, 222, n. 3; Pa\u2018anea\u1e25 Raza on Ex. 22: 17-18, p. 69a; Hansen, 131; Lea, III, 405; \u1e92iyuni, 7a, 49c; Nishmat \u1e24ayim, III, 23, 24.\n4. S. \u1e24as. 172, 1467; Testament of Judah the Pious, 5; Rokea\u1e25, \u00a7316, p. 83a; Toledot Adam ve\u1e24avah, 28:1, p. 182b.\n5. Blau, 18-19, 23 ff.; Ha\u1e24ayim, IV, 10; Nishmat \u1e24ayim, III, 23.\n6. Cf. S. \u1e24as. 738, 1458, 1459, 1801, 1819, 1921; Raziel, 7b.\n7. Cf. Scholem in EJ, IX, 717 ff.; MGWJ, LXIX (1925), p. 16.\n8. Cf. A. Epstein, \"Lekorot HaKabbalah HaAshkenazit,\" in Ha\u1e24oker, II (Vienna 1894), 1-11, 37-48; JE, III, 465 ff.; EJ, IX, 646 f.; G\u00fcd. I, 156 ff.; H. Gross, \"Zwei kabbalistische Traditionsketten des R. Eleasar aus Worms,\" MGWJ, XLIX (1905), 692-700.\n9. Cf. Kammelhar, 3, 4, 42, 43-5; Ma\u2018aseh Book, II, 396 ff., 510 ff.; Scholem, Kirjath Sepher, IV (Jerusalem 1927), 317; Gaster, Jewish Folk-Lore in the Middle Ages, 9 ff.; N. Br\u00fcll (\"Beitr\u00e4ge zur j\u00fcdischen Sagen- und Spruchkunde im Mittelalter,\" in Jahrb\u00fccher, IX [1889], 1-7,) printed many legends from a sixteenth-century manuscript about the wonders performed by Judah the Pious and his disciples.\n10. Joel, I, 85; Blau, 20; San. 67b and Rashi; Yore Deah 179:15.\n11. Hadar Zekenim on Ex. 7:12; S. Has, 211, 212, 1449, 1455; Yereim, 82; Toledot Adam ve\u1e24avah, 17: 5, p. 127b; cf. Lebush on Yore Deah 179:15.\n12. Rashi on San. 65b; Nishmat \u1e24ayim, III, 20; Lebush on Yore Deah, 179:1.\n13. Cf. B\u2019er Heteb on Yore Deah 179:1 (quoting Na\u1e25lat Shiv\u2018ah by Samuel b. David HaLevi, middle seventeenth century): \"The Torah forbade only the magic of ancient times; nowadays there is no more 'magic' in the world, but it is all vanity.\"\n14. Torat Ha\u2018Olah, III, 77. See also Frazer, The Magic Art, I, 54, 119, and Thorndike, index, s. v. \"Occult Virtue.\"\n15. \u1e92iyuni, 48d, 65d; cf. Bischoff, 31, 74, 169; Thorndike, II, 319, also I, 352.\n16. S. \u1e24as. B 477.\n17. S. \u1e24as B 1172; S. \u1e24as. 210, 211, 379, 1455, 1456; Isserles to Yore Deah 179:16; Piske Recanati 563 (quoting Eliezer of Metz); Moses Taku, O\u1e93ar Ne\u1e25mad, III, 82; G\u00fcd. I, 168 ff.\n18. S. \u1e24as. 1461; Ni\u1e93a\u1e25on 309; Or\u1e25ot \u1e92adikim 95b; Isserles to Ora\u1e25 \u1e24ayim 664:5; Lauterbach, HUCA, II (1925), 353 f.\n19. S. \u1e24as. 163; cf. also 381.\n20. G\u00fcd. I, 222, n. 1; Berliner, Aus dem Leben, 102; Min\u1e25at Kenaot, by Abba Mari of Lunel, Pressburg 1838, p. 29.\n21. S. \u1e24as. 377; cf. Pes. 110b and Rashbam ad loc.","title":"Jewish Magic and Superstition: Notes: Chapter II","type":"page"}