{"collection":"Judaism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/jud/jms/jms34.htm","path":"jud/jms/jms34.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/jud/jms/jms34.htm","text":"Jewish Magic and Superstition, by Joshua Trachtenberg, [1939]\n1. See G\u00fcd. I, 197-8, 212, III, 130, 196 ff.;\u2014Krauss, Gesch. j\u00fcd. \u00c4rzte, 43, 52-3, 58-9; JE, VIII, 417;\u2014Thorndike, IV, 126;\u2014Steinschneider, HB, XVII (1877), 60-61; see Julius Preuss, Biblisch-talmudische Medizin, Berlin 1923, for the older material, and also Steinschneider, \"Zur medicinischen Literatur,\"\nop. cit., 56, 114, XIX (1879), 35, 64, 84, 105, 108, and L. Venetianer, Asaf Jud\u00e6us, Strassburg 1916-7. Some physicians, in their experiments with chemistry, probably dabbled in alchemy also, but this branch of the magical arts had in general very little currency among Jews. Steinschneider says that \"Hebrew literature contains remarkably little material on this subject\"; I have not found any reference to or directions for the practice of alchemy in the literary works produced in Northern Europe, although Jews were popularly believed to be adepts. See G. Scholem, \"Alchemie and Kabbala,\" MGWJ, LXIX (1925), 13-20, 95-110, 371-4, and LXX (1926), 202-9; R. Eisler, \"Zur Terminologie u. Geschichte der j\u00fcd. Alchemie,\" MGWJ, LXIX (1925), 364-71, LXX (1926), 194-201; cf. Thorndike, I, 772-3.\n2. Leket Yosher, II, 15, 17; Brantspiegel, ch. 15; MJV, XIX (1906), iii, 116.\n3. Grimm, I, 486 f.; Ginzberg, Legends, III, 52-4, VI, 21-22; HaOrah, II, \u00a7158, pp. 230-1; Kol Bo, \u00a741; G\u00fcd. I, 210, n. 6.\n4. Ber. 43b; Shab. 113b and Rashi; Teshubot HaGeonim (ed. Musafia), \u00a754; B. Lewin, Otzar HaGaonim, Haifa 1928, I, 97; Tos. Pes. 100b; Rabiah, II, 135-6; Ma\u1e25. Vit. 83-4, \u00a7106; Kol Bo, 35a, \u00a731; HaManhig, Hil. Shab., \u00a715; \u2018Emek Beracha, II, 54, P. 65a; Strack, 58; Maharil, 28a; Ki\u1e93ur Shelah, In. Shab., p. 1,8;\u2014Pirke de R. Eliezer, ch. 20; Siddur Rashi, \u00a7534, P. 267; Ma\u1e25. Vit., \u00a7150, p. 116; HaManhig, Hil. Shab., \u00a765; Tyrnau, Minhagim, 2a; Ora\u1e25 \u1e24ayim 328:20;\u2014Rabiah, I, 413, \u00a7383; Glassberg, 98; Tos. A. Z., 29a; Semag, I, 45, end, and \u2018Amude Shlomo on this passage; Or Zarua, IV, 22b, \u00a7151; Yore Deah 156:2; Preis, Die Medizin in der Kabbala, 19.\n5. Kol Bo, \u00a731, p. 31a; Iggeret HaTiyul, 6b; Thorndike, I, 728; Rivers, p. 82; the Talmudic regulations concerning phlebotomy (cf. Shab. 129b, etc.) were strictly adhered to during the Middle Ages.\n6. Brantspiegel, ch. 4; Perles, Beitr\u00e4ge, 147; S. \u1e24as. 345, 153; Yore Deah 179:6; cf. Thorndike, I, 654, IV, 126.\n7. M. Yoma, VIII, 5; Ta\u2018ame HaMinhagim, II, 41a (cf. Tachkemoni, I [Bern 1910] 7, for a similar opinion by Sherira Gaon);\u2014Glassberg, 142; Grunwald, MJV, XIX (1906), 116; Hadar Zekenim and Da\u2018at Zekenim on Gen. 32:32; S. \u1e24as. B 59; Ni\u1e93a\u1e25on, 114; cf. Frazer, The Magic Art, I, 80 f.; Elworthy, 71.\n8. Rivers, 7, 51; cf. JE, V, 426-7; Blau, 22-3, 55-6, etc.\n9. 174.\n10. Rokea\u1e25, 221; Tashbe\u1e93, 445; Raben, 271; G\u00fcd. I, 215; Tos. Yoma 77b;\u2014S. \u1e24as. 161; Or\u1e25ot \u1e24ayim, 53; Ora\u1e25 \u1e24ayim 170:16; Ki\u1e93ur Shelah, p. 22; Nishmat \u1e24ayim, III, 27; cf. Montgomery, 89 ff., and Blau, loc. cit.\n11. S. \u1e24as. 1464.\n12. S. \u1e24as. B 1170; \u1e24ochmat HaNefesh, 26e.\n13. Wellesz, MJV, XXXV (1910), 120; cf. Thorndike, I, 658-60, etc.\n14. Shab. 67a; Pesakim Uketabim, g6; Responsa of Solomon Luria, \u00a73; B\u2019er Heteb to Yore Deah 179: t; Joseph Ome\u1e93, 352.\n15. Yore Deah 179:6; Mordecai, Shab. \u00a7527, p. 12d; S. \u1e24as. 1468; cf. Thorndike, I, 582-3;\u2014Yore Deah 155:1 and Lebush; Blau, 29; Wellesz, MJV, XXXV (1910), 117, 118, cites this gloss from a Mordecai ms. of the Paris Rabbinical School: \u05d5\u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e8\u05f4\u05e8 \u05de\u05e8\u05d3\u05db\u05d9 \u05d6\u05f4\u05dc \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd (\u05dc\u05d2\u05d5\u05d9\u05dd) \u05dc\u05dc\u05d7\u05d5\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e2\u05dc \u05de\u05db\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d5\u05f3 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05f4\u05e8 \u05de\u05e0\u05d7\u05dd \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d9\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d0\u05dd\u05f3 \u05db\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05db\u05df \u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05e0\u05e4\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea\u05d0 \u05de\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d0\u05dd \u05de\u05d6\u05db\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05ea\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e7\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd.\ncf. Jacobs, Jews of Angevin England, 153;\u2014G. Caro, I, 136; S. \u1e24as. 1352. Speaking of relics, it is related that \"once a Gentile produced a shirt which he claimed had been worn by Jesus. 'If you don't believe me, just watch!' and he threw the shirt into a fire, but it didn't burn. The priests and monks turned to the Jews who were present and challenged them, 'Now you know that this shirt is holy.' But a Jew stepped forward with, 'Here, give it to me and I'll show you what it's all about.' Using strong vinegar and soap he scrubbed it vigorously before their eyes and then returned it, saying, 'Now throw it in the fire and see what happens.' They did so and it was instantly consumed. He then explained, 'It was smeared with a salamander extract which I washed off'\" (S. \u1e24as. 1809). The belief that the salamander was invulnerable to fire was very widespread in the Middle Ages, cf. Ginzberg, Legends, V, 52, n. 157, 158.\n16. Pa\u2018anea\u1e25 Raza on Lev. 19:26, p. 91b; Perles, Beitr\u00e4ge, 105; on the B\u00e4rmutter charm see G\u00fcdemann, MGWJ, XXIV (1875), 271, and ibid., LX (1916), 138; Staerk, ibid., LXVI (1922), 203; Perles, Graetz Jubelschrift, 28; G\u00fcd. I, 216, n. to; A. M\u00fcller, Ztschr. f. deutsches Altertum, XIX (1876), 476; Grimm, II, 969;\u2014Perles, Graetz Jubelschrift, 28-9; S. \u1e24as. B 1153. On numbers in medicine see Rivers, 88 ff.\n17, Grunwald, MJV, XIX (1906), III, 115, 116; Steinschneider, HB, XVII (1877), 60-61; cf. Gaster, Sword of Moses, p. xiii, 11. 2, 21; Thorndike, I, 730, IV, 129; Elworthy, 401.\n18. Sheb. 15b; Yore Deah 179:8, g; ms. S. Gematriaot, 47a, 49a, 54b, 63a; Shimmush Tehillim, Ps. 3, 6, 49, 119; Grunwald, MJV, XIX (1906), 116; cf. also pp. 105 f. above.\n19. Strack, 19; Blau, 161 f.; Rabiah, I, 330; Mordecai, Shab. \u00a7523, p. 12e; G\u00fcd. I, 216; Kol Bo, \u00a731, p. 31a; Leket Yosher, II, 15; Ora\u1e25 \u1e24ayim 328:20;\u2014S. \u1e24as. 12,8; Mordecai, Pes. \u00a7781, p. 19a; Responsa of Meir of Rothenburg (ed. Budapest), \u00a7160; Tashbe\u1e93, 555; Or Zarua, IV, 21d; Maharil, 75a; Ora\u1e25 \u1e24ayim 328:25 and 48; cf. Wellesz, MJV, XXXV (1910), 119; Thorndike, I, 582, IV, 134; etc.\n20. San. Iola and Rashi; Blau, 72, n. 1; Responsa of Meir of Rothenburg, (Budapest), \u00a755; cf. Krauss, Geschichte j\u00fcd. \u00c4rzte, 49; E. F. Knuchel, 69;\u2014Rabiah, 285, 391; Mordecai, Shab. \u00a7499, p. 12a, \u00a7528, p. 12d; Responsa of Meir of Rothenburg (Lemberg), \u00a7175; (Budapest), \u00a7512; Tashbe\u1e93, 45; \u2018Amude Shlomo to Semag, I, 65; Yore Deah 179: 11; Wellesz, MJV, XXXV (1910), 118; G\u00fcd. I, 215; Zimmels, Beitr\u00e4ge, 66; cf. Grimm, II, 974 f., III, 343, 411; Wuttke, 339 f.\n21. Blau, 73; S. \u1e24as. 1523; cf. Azulai's note to S. \u1e24as. B 445.\n22. Professor Lauterbach has written a very interesting essay on this subject, \"The Naming of Children in Jewish Folklore, Ritual and Practice,\" C.C.A.R. Yearbook, XLII (1932), 316-60, in which he discusses all the material in detail. The references that apply directly to this discussion are: R. H. 16b; Semag, II, 16; Samter, 98 f., 106 f.; S. \u1e24as. B. 244; Responsa of Israel Bruna, \u00a7101; Leket Yosher, II, 83; Kol Bo, 76; S. \u1e24as. 365. See also S. W. Baron, Sefer HaYovel Le Professor Shmuel Krauss, Jerusalem 1937, p. 218, for an instance of a change of name during illness, on the part of an Italian Jew, to Hezekiah (\"YHVH strengthens\").\n23. Shab. 66b and Rashi; Ora\u1e25 \u1e24ayim 301: 24;\u2014S. \u1e24as. 211; B 205; G\u00fcd. I, 208, n. I; Perles, MGWJ, XXIX (1880), 333; Glassberg, 139 and Introd. p. xix; Ducange, s. v. \"boucage\"; Grimm, II, 1016, III, 359; Wuttke, 105; Berliner, Aus dem Leben, 134.\n24. G\u00fcd. I, 215;\u2014San. 47b; Raben, 230d; Yore Deah, 368:1; cf. Seligmann, Mag. Heil- u. Schutzmittel, 149 ff.;\u2014Gaster, Studies and Texts, III, 229-30;\n[paragraph continues] Shimmush Tehillim, Ps. 19; cf. Samter, 145 f., 214; Seligmann, op. cit., 151 ff.; Wuttke, 89 f.\n25. G\u00fcd. I, 214; Maharil, 18b; Isserles, Ora\u1e25 \u1e24ayim 453: t; cf. Shimmush Tehillim, Ps. 13; Krauss, op. cit., 49;\u2014Grunwald, MJV, XIX (1906), 117; cf. Gaster, op. cit., III, 229. See also I. L\u00f6w, Die Flora der Juden, IV, 341 ff.","title":"Jewish Magic and Superstition: Notes: Chapter XIII","type":"page"}