{"collection":"Judaism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/jud/jms/jms44.htm","path":"jud/jms/jms44.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/jud/jms/jms44.htm","text":"Jewish Magic and Superstition, by Joshua Trachtenberg, [1939]\nAbaye, on healing and superstition, 199.\nAbortion, 188, 200, 202, 295, n. 3. See also Miscarriage.\nAbracadabra, 80.\nAbraham ibn Ezra, magic square mentioned by, 142.\nAbraxas, 100.\nAbsalom, 220.\nAbton, 220.\nAcrostic, 93, 174, 175, 290, 291, n. 41.\nAdalbert, Bishop, punished for invocation of angels, 89.\nAdam, 76, 183, 201, 260; invoked, 169, 220; relations of, with demons, 29, 36, 37, 113.\nAdiriron, 139.\nAdonis rites, and Tekufah, 313, n. 13.\nAfikomen, used as amulet, 134, 295, n. 4.\nAgate, 138.\nAgrippa von Nettesheim, magic squares of, 142.\nAhah, 142.\nA\u1e25izat \u2018ainayim, 19.\nA\u1e25lamah, 138.\nAix-la-Chapelle, miraculous cure witnessed by Jews at, 200.\nAkeleia, 207.\nAkiba, pupils of, destroyed in plague, 255; spelling of, revealed in dream, 231.\nAkos Pakos, 103. See also Hocus Pocus.\n\u2018Akriel, 112.\nAlbigenses, influenced by neo-Manich\u00e6ans, 278, n. 33.\nAlbrecht, Count, of Saxony, anecdote concerning, and Jew, 10.\nAlchemy, not current among Jews, 304, n. 1.\nAlexander V, Pope, Inquisitor ordered to proceed against Jews by, 271, n. 2.\nAlmoli, Solomon b. Jacob, 232, 236, 237, 240, 246, 317.\nAlp, 40.\nAlpdr\u00fccken, 196.\nAlpha, 101.\nAlphabet, Hebrew, 152, 262; power inherent in, 82, 92; used in sortilege, 217.\nAlphabet, magical, used in amulets, 141.\nAlphabet of Ben Sira, and the Lilit legend, 37, 101, 278, n. 34.\nAmethyst, 138.\n\u2018Amidah, shortened, in Friday night service, 281, n. 6.\nAmnon of Mainz, prayer of, dictated in dream, 234.\nAmriel, 99.\nAmshaspands, seven, influence of, on archangels, 251.\n\u2018Amude Shlomo, 316.\nAmulet, 10, 75, 95, 100, 101, 107, 122, 132-152, 169, 206, 255; astrological, 142 f.; Christian, 142 f.; material objects, 132 ff.; preparation of, 292, n. 56; time for writing, 145; written, 139 ff.\nAna Bekoa\u1e25, acrostic of 42-letter name of God, 95, 174.\nAnahita, 92.\nAnaxos, 92.\nAncestors, merit of, 154.\nAneganc, 212.\nAnesthesia, 188.\nAngel, of barrenness, 33; of conception, 36; of day, 246; of death, 49, 79, 162, 176, 178, 206, 211, 275, n. 15; of destruction, 28, 49, 102, 155; of disease, 198, 204; of dreams, 235, 242, 243, 244; of Gehinnom, 66, 68, 76; of memory, 99; of month, 99 f., 139, 218, 243; of night, 36; of quarter of year, 257; of womb, 202.\nAngelology, Biblical, 71; Talmudic, 71 f.\nAngels, 16, 31, 32, 37, 65, 69-77, 94, 99, 115, 140, 156, 162, 201, 298, n. 5; attributes and functions of, 73-77; classes of, 287, n. 15; divining with, 222; evil, 56; guardian, 32, 72, 99; invocation of, 20, 115, 158, 206, 243, 255, 287, n. 15; language of, 74; magical use of, 21, 69, 72; names\nof, 15, 77, 97-103, 139, 151, 224, 260 ff.; and heavenly bodies, 69, 250, 312, n. 2. See also Archangels; Deputy angels; Good, powers of; Memuneh.\nAngels, individual. See \u2018Akriel; Am-riel; Anael; Aniel; Ansiel; Armisael; Ayil; \u2018Azriel; Barkiel; Bezachriel; Cassiel; Daghiel; Duhael; Duma; Dumah; Gabriel; Guriel; \u1e24aniel; \u1e24asdiel; Hatach; Inias; Kabshiel; Kaf\u1e93iel; Kochbiel; Kutiel; Laylah; Luel; Mefat\u1e25iel; Metatron; Morael; Na\u1e25aliel; Ne\u1e25inah; Nuriel; Pa\u1e25adron; Pat\u1e25iel; Pniel; Poteh; Puel; Purah; Raguel; Ra\u1e25miel; Raphael; Raziel; Romiel; Sabaoc; Sachiel; Samael; Sandalfon; Sarfiel; Sham-riel; Simiel; Simusiel; Tubuas; Tubuel; Ubaviel; Uriel; Yar\u1e25iel; Yeshamiel; Yofiel; Zachriel; \u1e92adkiel; \u1e92afniel.\nAnimal parts, employed magically, 130.\nAnimals, kosher, characteristics of, 183 f.; as omens, 211; shapes of, assumed by witches and sorcerers, 13 f. See also Ant; Cat; Dog; Fish; Fox; Guinea pig; Hare; Horse; Mice; Mole; Mythical creatures; Odor, of animal; Otter; Salamander; Scorpion; Serpent; Snail; Snake; Spider's web; Spontaneous generation; Wolf.\nAnos, 101.\nAnsiel, 102.\nAnt, transfer of fever to, 204.\nAnthroposcopy, 216.\nAnti-demonic psalm (Ps. 91), 47, 67, 112 f., 158, 178, 179.\nAphrodite, 100.\nApostasy, 23.\nAppian Way, Jewesses sell dreams on,\nApollonius of Tyana, Notory Art transmitted through, 89.\nAptowitzer, V., on mezuzot, 149.\nAquinas, Thomas, 55 f., 89, 232, 282, n. 17.\nArabia, 37.\nAramaic, 16, 74, 75, 92, 115, 127, 141, 149, 287, n. 13.\nAramaic Incantation Texts, 72.\nArchangels, and planets, 76, 98, 250 f.\nAristotle, authority on dreams, 237.\nArminius, 102.\nArmisael, 202.\nArs Notoria, 12. See also Notory Art.\nAsher, tribe of, 138.\nAsher b. Ye\u1e25iel, 148.\nAshmedai, king of demons, 36.\nAssyria, 87.\nAstrologer, Jewish, 295, n. 4.\nAstrology, 21, 69, 208, 209, 249-259.\nSee also Equinox; Planets; Solstice; Stars, the; Tekufah; Zodiac.\nAverroes, 251.\nAvesta, used in bibliomancy, 105.\nAvignon, 271, n. 2.\nAyil, 251.\n\u2018Azriel, 151.\nBabel, builders of tower of, 279, n. 35.\nBabylonia, 11, 25, 87, 88, 277, n. 32, 315.\nBackwards, to do things, 111, 116, 126, 129, 201.\nBacon, Roger, on the Notory Art, 89.\nBaduk umenuseh, 115.\nBa\u1e25ya b. Asher, on gems, 265.\nBaladur, 191.\nBarbarica onomata, 87.\nBarben, 213.\nBarches, 40.\nBareket, 137.\nBarnacle goose, 183.\nBarrenness, angel of, 112; caused by sorcery, 154; to remedy, 33 f., 157, 182. See also Sterility.\nBartholomew of England, theories of, concerning dream inspiration, 310, n. 10.\nBarzel, composition of, 313, n. 14.\nBasel, synod in, 4.\nBastard, conceived in love, 187.\nBat melech, 32.\nBath, ritual, 41, 187, 295, n. 1.\nBells, church, drive off demons, 160.\nBenjamin, tribe of, 138.\nBenjamin b. Zera\u1e25, legend of, 223.\nBen Sira, legend concerning birth of, 189.\nBen Zera\u2018, 189.\nBerachya HaNakdan, treatise on gems by, 296, n. 7.\nBerchisbrod, 40.\nBerchta, 40.\nBern, strife between Dominicans and Franciscans at, 272, n. 16.\nBerthold of Regensburg, cited, on angels, 285, n. 2.\nBerufen, 54.\nBeryl, 138.\nBeschreien, 54.\nBezachriel, 99.\nBezalel, 82.\nBible, the, 200; on angels, 71; anti-demonic virtues of, 155; on astrology, 250; choosing name from, 205; on dreams, 239; in magic, 104-113, 274, n. 13; medicinal use of, 108; methods of interpreting, 262 ff.; on sorcery, 19; on spirits, 27; study of, 105, 106. See also Anti-demonic psalm; Biblical verses; Chapter of Maledictions; Daniel; Deuteronomy; Jeremiah; Leviticus; Pentateuch; Psalms, magical use of; Scripture; Song at the Sea; Song of Songs; Torah; Torah scroll.\nBiblical verses, 116, 122, 156, 163, 188; in dream divination, 239, 243; magical uses of, 109 ff.; methods of utilizing, 112; recited after dreams, 107, 245; use in Talmudic period, 107. See also Anti-demonic psalm; Psalms, magical use of.\nBibliomancy, 216.\nBilhah, 313, n. 14.\nBird, 101, 164, 190, 197, 204, 278, n. 33; dream symbol, 239, 244, 245; fabulous, 183; omen, 211, 212. See also Barnacle goose; Cuckoo; Doves; Feather, chicken; Fowl; Goose; Hen; Hoopoe; Phoenix; Raven; Rooster; Starling.\nBirth, 47, 48, 49, 106, 160; practices connected with, 169.\nBlack, 23, 173, 187, 207, 220, 239, 295, n. 24, 308, n. 25.\nBlack magic, 22.\nBlau, Ludwig, on abraxas in Hebrew literature, 100; cited, on Talmudic demonology, 274, n. 6.\nBleeding, remedy for, 196, 197.\nBlessing, 231; over water, 177; over wine, 167, 173, 195; on writing amulet, 144; over Torah, 284; new moon, 256.\nBlood, 135, 138, 152, 170, 185, 194, 196, 201, 252, 257, 258, 276, n. 25, n. 28, 279, n. 45, 313, n. 14; consumption of, abhorrent to Jews, 129, 203; deterioration of, 199; in witch-cults, 9, 272, n. 16; Jews accused of using Christian, 7 ff.; to stop flow of, 207; trial by, 227 f., 309, n. 36.\nBlood, human, consumed by vampire, 39; utilized in magic and medicine, 7 f., 128, 202 f.\nBlood-letting, 196, 200, 255; auspicious occasions for, 254 f. See also Phlebotomy.\nBlumen der Tugend, quoted, on hoopoe, 295, n. 23; on visit by the dead, 242.\nBoaz, 31.\nBody, human, elements of, used medicinally and magically, 7 f., 202 f., 272, n. 13.\nBohemia, Hollekreisch in, 42.\nBonn, Jews in vicinity of, held responsible for Black Death, 272, n. 9.\nBook of Life, 57.\nBorneo, changing invalid's name in, 205.\nBotanomancy, 219.\nBrant, Sebastian, cited, on medieval medicine, 193.\nBread, 165, 166, 174, 227, 248, 294, n. 16; and salt, 39, 128, 160 f.\nBreast-plate, gems in, 137 f.\nBrenz, Samuel Friedrich, accusations against Jews by, 86.\nBreslau, church council at, 6.\nBridal pair, dangers to, 48.\nBr\u00fcll, N., 316.\nBruna, Israel, on change of invalid's name, 205.\nBuddha, 89.\nBuddhists, 81.\nBukai\u1e93a, 206 f.\nBurial, activities of soul after, 61 ff.; among friends, 63; dangers attending, 49; practices connected with, 176 ff.; symbolic, 34. See also Cemetery; Coffin; Corpse; Funeral; Grave; Mourners; Mourning; Shroud.\nCakes, magic, 122, 123, 243, 297, n. 23.\nCanaanites, superstitions of, adopted by Jews, 11.\nCancer (constellation), 258.\nCandle, 64, 129, 285, n. 6; as omen, 214; in divination, 220; lighting, at\nbirth, 169, 171 f.; lighting, at death, 174, 180. See also Light; Torch.\nCapistrano, John, challenged by Israel Isserlein, 228.\nCarbuncle (disease), 203.\nCarbuncle (gem), 137.\nCarnelian, 137.\nCaro, Joseph, cited, on Kapparah, 164.\nCassiel, 251.\nCat, 14, 39, 183, 190, 276, n. 18; black, 23, 295, n. 24.\nCataract, 207.\nCaul, protection against demons, 134.\nCemetery, the, evil spirit of, 127; flickering lights in, at night, 61; herbs gathered in, 207; infested with spirits, 49; return from, 178, 179; visiting, 64 f. See also Burial; Funeral.\nCensus, and evil eye, 55.\nChapter of Maledictions, fear of reading, 59, 284, n. 33. See also Curses.\nCharity, 64, 157, 164, 204, 244, 250.\nCharles the Bald, Emperor, 5.\nChildbirth, to ease, 8, 135, 137, 188, 201.\nChildren, agents in divination, 221 attacked by demons, 36; conditioned by thoughts of parents during conception, 187; die young, 33.\nChill, gem that causes, 137.\nChina, hexagram and pentagram in, 141; magic square in, 143.\nChiromancy, 216.\nChmielnicki, pogrom of, 10.\nChrist, body of, 6, 7. See also Jesus.\nChristmas, 135, 136, 215, 254, 256.\nChurch, dream omen, 243.\nCircle, 141, 151, 152; magic, 119, 121, 160, 164, 169, 174, 203, 220, 280, n. 51.\nCircumcision, 8, 37, 42, 48, 106, 154, 157, 166, 189, 195, 197; practices connected with, 170-172. See also Wachnacht.\nCiruelo, 89.\nClavicula Salomonis, 117.\nClement V, Pope, 184.\nCoffin, 63, 121, 154, 175, 176, 177, 309, n. 32.\nCohabitation, abnormal, consequences of, 186; favorable times for, 185 f.; prevented by magic, 127.\nCohen, Abigdor, 200.\nCoins, 134, 162, 173, 185, 218, 225.\nCologne, Bishop of, 194.\nColumbine, 207.\nCombat, trial by, 228 f.\nComets, 251 f.\nConception, angel of, 36; during waxing moon, 256; thoughts during, 186 f.\nConstantinople, 237, 306, n. 5.\nConsumption, Biblical verse to cure, 110.\nCoral, 133.\nCordovero, Moses, 94.\nCorn, strewn before bridal pair, 173.\nCorpse, 34, 128, 158, 188, 210, 227, 280, n. 45; avoid contact with, 49, 65; demons try to seize, 49; dice out of bones of, 284, n. 1; Jews forbidden to make use of, 129; preparation of, for burial, 175; questioning the, 223.\nCorvinus, Ladislaus, 252.\nCouncil, Church, 6.\nCracow, 237.\nCreation, 29, 286, n. 10, 289, n. 26, 312, n. 2.\nCreation, Laws of, 84.\nCrumbs left on table, 166.\nCrusade, First, 62.\nCrusaders, 255.\nCrystal, 138.\nCuckoo, divining by, 206.\nCupping, 196.\nCurieuse Hauss-Apothec, 202 f.\nCurses, 45, 48, 56, 58-60, 66, 111, 212.\nSee also Chapter of Maledictions. Cyrillus of Jerusalem, 195.\nDaghiel, 99.\nDan, tribe of, 138.\nDaniel, book of, 71, 127; dream book ascribed to, 237; invoked, 220.\nDanger, to be saved from, 108, 110.\nDavid, Shield of, 141. See also Hexagram.\nDay of Atonement, 3, 64, 99, 212. See also Yom Kippur.\nDead, the, appearance of, in dreams, 234; in divination, 222; in dream divination, 241 f.; obey magician, 65; resurrection of, 178, 179, 182, 290, n. 37; spirits of, 29 f., 49, 61-68, 222 ff., 275, n. 12. See also Ghost.\nDeath, 47, 49, 79, 83, 88, 146, 154, t60, 164, 191, 215, 235, 252, 255, 256, 258; announcing, 57; Biblical verses postpone, 106; conception of, 61; dangers attending, 49; decreed in heaven, 239; practices connected with, 174 ff. See also Burial; Cemetery;\n[paragraph continues] Coffin; Corpse; Dead, spirits of; Dying man; Evil men, spirits of; Funeral; Ghost; Grave; \u1e24ibbut haKever; Jahrzeit; Kaddish; Mourners; Mourning; Robbing the dead; Shroud; Soul.\nDeceit, anti-demonic weapon, 168.\nDelmedigo, Joseph, on Golem legends in Germany, 85.\nDemoniac, 158, 196. See also Dibbuk; Possession, spirit.\nDemon-magic, opposition to, 25, 45. Demonology, 26; Christian, 277, n. 29; development of, in Middle Ages, 26; Talmudic, 24, 274, n. 6.\nDemons, 21, 25-60, 65, 107, 116, 119, 121, 126, 133, 134, 140, 146, 185, 201, 242, 258, 286, n. 7; and fingernails, 191; and uncleanness, 32; attributes and functions of, 30 ff.; cause disease, 198; cause dreams, 235; death of, 31; diet of, 39; divining with, 222; execute curses, 60; expulsion of, 42, 51, 96, 97, 113, 138, 148, 158, 186; female, 29, 31, 158; habitat of, 32, 34, 283, P. 21; invocation of, 20, 21, 25 f., 72, 206; language of, 287, n. 13; limitation of powers of, 84; names of, 35-43; origin of, 2g; relations of, with men, 36, 44-60, 282 f., n. 17; types of, 27 f., 30 f., 274 f., n. 6. See also Alp; Alpdr\u00fccken; Broxa; Devil; Dragon; Estrie; Evil men, spirits of; Evil, powers of; Fae; Genii; Ghoul; Incubus; Kelippah; Kobold; Lama\u0161\u0161u; Lamie; Lutin; Malache \u1e25abbala; Malach ra\u2018; Mare; Mash\u1e25it; Maezik; Mermaid; Nixe; Nuitons; Satan; Satyrs; Shed; Shedu; Siren; Spirits, evil; Stone, type of demon; Striga; Uncleanness, spirits of; Vampire; Werwolf; Wichtchen; Wolf, night.\nDemons, individual. See Ashmedai; Bat melech; Devil; Igrat; Keteb Meriri; Lilit; Ma\u1e25lat; Ochnotinos; Poteh; Purah; Satan; Shabriri; Shibbeta.\nDe Occulta Philosophia, astrological magic squares in, 142.\nDeputy angels, 69-73, 126, 223, 250, 285 f., n. 2. See also Memuneh.\nDeterminism, problem of, 208 ff. Deuteronomy XXVIII, reading of, shunned, 59. See also Chapter of Maledictions.\nDevil, 15, 49, 56, 58, 135, 154, 155, 277, n. 29. See also Satan.\nDialogues, of Gregory the Great, 56 f., 282, n. 12.\nDiamond, 138.\nDionysos, 92.\nDisease, amulet against, 139, 295, n. 4; causes of, 197 ff.; transfer of, 204; treatment of, 199 ff. See also Illness; Medicine.\nDisputation of R. Je\u1e25iel, 317.\nDistance, name to eliminate, 97.\nDivination, 26, 97, 108, 121, 206, 208-229; dream, 241-243. See also Astrology; Dream divination; Dream question; Necromancy.\nDivining rod, 225 f., 309, n. 35.\nDog, 27, 107, 119, 128, 130, 183, 184, 187, 196, 276, n. 18; dream symbol, 245; mad, 216; omen, 212; omen of death, 162, 215, 275, n. 15, 306, n. 6.\nDominicans, accused of using blood of Jewish child, 272, n. 16.\nDoors, 32, 33, 70, 154; the \"opener\" of, 99.\nDream books, 237 f.\nDream divination, 111, 131, 206, 241. Dream fast, 238, 245 f.\nDream question, 117, 241, 242, 243.\nDreams, 9, 65, 107, 223, 230-248; agencies invoked in, 241; angel of, 230, 235, 243, 244; interpretation of, 236 ff.; ominous, neutralization of, 157, 244 ff.; origin of, 71, 233 f., 235, 310, n. 10; spirits visit man in, 63.\nDropsy, 313, n. 14.\nDrudenfuss, 145.\nDrugs, Jewish trade in, 5; made from elements of human body, 272, n. 13. Duel, 228 f.\nDuhael, 99.\nDuma, prince of dreams, 243.\nDumah, angel of Gehinnom, 66, 68, 76.\nDust, 128.\nDying man, 48, 63, 121, 160; practices connected with, 174 f.\nEarth, throwing behind, after funeral, 2, 178 f.\nEbel Rabatti, 57.\nEberhard, Bishop, image of, reputedly burned by Jews, 7.\nEclipse, 251 f.\nEfraim b. Isaac, of Regensburg, decision of, concerning sturgeon, 230.\nEgg, 43, 46, 101, 122, 128, 129, 163, 182, 197, 202, 213, 281.\nEgypt, 11, 25, 57, 87, 137, 141, 170, 257.\nEgyptian Days, 254.\nEhyeh Asher Ehyeh 91, 288, n. 18.\nEight, 142.\nEighteen benedictions, 28, 155.\nEinhard, 200.\nEl, 90, 107, 151, 225, 226, 260.\nElder leaves, 207.\nEleazar b. Judah, of Worms, 17, 19, 61, 73, 75, 76, 85, 92, 117, 160, 215, 222, 238, 239, 252, 255, 316.\nEleazar b. Pedat, cited, on crumbs left on table, 166.\nElf. See Alp.\nElf-lock, 41.\nEli, 226.\nEliakim b. Joseph, dream visit of, 234.\nEliezer, R., on creative power of demons, 84.\nEliezer b. Nathan, of Mainz, 19, 178, 234, 316.\nEliezer b. Samuel, of Metz, 20, 149.\nElijah, 52, 167, 171, 191, 228, 277, n. 32.\nElijah of Chelm, Golem legend concerning, 85.\nElisha, 122.\nElizabeth, Queen, threatened by image magic, 124.\nEloa, 226.\nEloe, 90.\nElo\u00eb Sabaot, 100.\nElohim, 151.\nElsass, 171.\nEmerald, 137.\nEmission, nocturnal, 36, 51. See also Keri.\nEncounter, after ritual bath, 187; first, as omen, 212.\nEndor, witch of, 222.\nEnemy, destruction of, 96, 97, 110, 123, 125.\nEnoch literature, 72.\nEntrails, 7, 131, 164, 165, 197.\nEphraim, tribe of, 172.\nEphraim of Bonn, cited, on blood of circumcision, 170; on attack on Jews in London, 271, n. 3.\nEpilepsy, cause of, 186.\nEpiphany, 215.\nEquinoxes, 257 f.\nErd\u00e4pfel, 302, n. 6.\nEsclavonia, 217.\nEscorting a traveller, 45 f.\nEshkol HaKofer, 148.\nEssenes, angel-lore of, 72.\nEstrie, 13, 38 f., 278, n. 34.\nEthiopia, 137.\nEucharist, wafer of, 6.\nEuphemism, use of, 57.\nEve, 29, 113, 183; invoked, 169. See also \u1e24avah.\nEven Tekumah, 133 f.\nEvil eye, 45, 48, 54-56, 111, 133, 156, 158, 198, 219, 283, n. 26; in Talmud, 55; protection against, 56, 97, 139 f.\nEvil men, spirits of, become demons, 30, 65, 67, 198, 275, n. 12, 279, n. 35.\nEvil, powers of, 25-43, 135, 257. See also Demons; Spirits, evil; Uncleanness, spirits of.\nExcrement, 128, 129, 202, 203.\nExorcism, 51, 158, 282, n. 12, n. 14.\nExpectorating, 107, 120, 159. See also Saliva; Spitting; Spittle.\nEye, 32, 125, 127, 130, 134, 166, 175, 179, 211, 215, 239, 295, n. 24; cure for, 137, 194, 195, 200, 203, 207.\nEyeballs, magician's, 13.\nEye, evil. See Evil eye.\nEyel, 90.\nEzekiel, 216.\nFacial types, 216.\nFasting, 33, 83, 111, 114, 120, 121, 157, 172, 212, 243, 244, 256. See also Dream fast.\nFat, 7, 9, 128, 129, 130, 138, 202, 272, n. 13.\nFatalism, 209.\nFavor, to win, 96, 97, 110, 134, 142.\nFeather, 197.\nFeathers, chicken, 174.\nFertility, 130, 252; gem for, 137; potions, 188; spirits, 278, n. 33; symbols of, 173;\n[paragraph continues] Teutonic goddess of, 40.\nFever, 110, 117, 119, 197, 198, 203, 204.\nFigures, magical, 141 f., 148, 151.\nFinger-nails, 128, 129, 217, 255, 256, 308, n. 26; divining by, 219; order of cutting, 191.\nFire, 31, 72, 118, 125, 159, 181, 182, 196, 198, 226, 233, 252, 262, 289, n. 26, 298, n. 5, 301, n. 44, 305, n. 15; as dream symbol, 239; as omen, 213; on Sabbath, 3, 143; ordeal by, 227; protection against, 295, n. 4; quenched by name, 96; Sefer Raziel prevents, 315; to extinguish, 294, n. 16, n. 21.\nFirst encounter, 212.\nFirst things, 122.\nFish, 165, 166, 173, 183, 185, 188, 213, 230; as dream symbol, 239. See also Sturgeon.\nFlame, spirit is like, 61.\nFlight, power of, attributed to sorcerers and witches, 14.\nFlood, removal of name caused the, 289, n. 26.\nFood, effect of, on procreation, 184 f.; incantations inscribed on, 122 f.; left overnight, 46; not eaten on Saturday evening, 68; strewn at wedding, 173 f.; token of good fortune, 213. See also Corn; Garlic; Honey; Liquids; Manna; Meat; Milk; Nuts; Oil; Olives; Onion; Pepper; Salt; Spices; Water; Wheat; Wine.\nForgetfulness, actions affecting, 190 f.; charm against, 102; spirit of, 117, 191.\nForgetting and remembering, 190-192.\nFormula, for change of name, 205; for creating Golem, 85; for negating curse, 60; for ordeal, 227.\nFour, 142.\nFowl, 162, 163, 164, 173, 174, 183, 184, 245; as omen, 212; creation of, 281, n. 52. See also Feathers, chicken; Hen; Goose; Rooster.\nFox, 133.\nFrance, 6, 68, 148, 176, 178, 249.\nFrazer, J. G., 21, 124, 126, 302.\nFrederick I, of Austria, privilege issued by, 228.\nFree will, problem of, 208 ff.\nFreiburg, city council of, requests expulsion of Jews, 8.\nFriday, 145, 253, 254; night, 47, 67, 68, 166, 186, 195, 281, n. 6. See also Sabbath, eve of.\nFright, as remedy, 196.\nFulda, Jews of, accused of murder, 7.\nFuneral, 49, 106, 113, 121; rites, 176 ff.\nSee also Hands, washing, after funeral.\nFuture, foretelling the. See Divination.\nGabriel, 98, 126, 142, 151, 156, 251, 260, 286, n. 9.\nGarlic, 46, 185, 194, 299, n. 17, 302, n. 6.\nGaster, Moses, 72, 89, 100, 101 f., 260, 3,6.\nGehinnom, 66, 170, 234; angel of, 66, 68, 76. See also Hell.\nGematria, 94, 99, 262 f., 264.\nGeneration, spontaneous, 182 f.\nGenethlialogy, 252.\nGenii, 40.\nGenitalia, 112. See also Sex organs.\nGeomancy, 217 f.\nGeorge of Podiebrad, 252.\nGerald of Wales, cited, on barnacle goose, 183.\nGermany, 8, 48, 68, 72, 85, 86, 120, 134, 141, 148, 164, 171, 176, 178, 201, 216, 249, 258, 262, 307.\nGershon b. Hiskiya, 230.\nGerson, Jean, 193.\nGhost, 49, 62, 175, 176, 223, 274, n. 6, 302, n. 56. See also Dead, the, spirits of.\nGhoul, 37.\nGilgul, 50. See also Metempsychosis; Soul, transmigration of.\nGilles de Rais, 9.\nGinsburg, C. D., 264.\nGlass, breaking of, at wedding, 172.\nGod, 44, 45, 65, 66, 104, 107, 112, 139, 146, 157, 158, 165, 175, 211, 226, 228, 247, 250, 257, 262; agents of, 69, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 204; anger of, 23, 60; appeal to, 155; attributes of, 90, 98; the creator, 29, 286; dreams come from, 232, 234; fear of, 208; the healer, 30; language of, 74; name of, 15, 80, 83, 84, 85, 90-97, 98, 100, 107, 108, 109, 113, 143, 151, 201; protection of, 46; root of magic, 21;\nsupremacy of, 22, 30, 209; voice of, 107; word of, 104 ff. See also Name of God.\nGold, 211, 218, 219, 225, 226.\nGoldmark, Karl, 153.\nGood, powers of, 69-77, 170. See also Angels.\nGossip, 57, 58, 169, 297, n. 3.\nGrace after meals, 28, 155, 298, n. 5.\nGrass, tearing up, at funeral, 178 f.\nGrave, 34, 48, 74, 128, 154, 176, 178, 179, 200, 201, 207, 210, 223, 224, 242; as dream symbol, 243; measuring, 285, n. 6; spirit of, 131, 224, 309, n. 31.\nGraz, belief concerning manufacture of drugs in, 272, n. 13.\nGregory the Great, Dialogues of, 56 f., 282.\nGrimm, Jacob, 212.\nGr\u00fcnbaum, M., 257.\nGrunwald, M. 100, 102, 109, 316.\nGuriel, 251.\nGzrel, 94.\nHabdalah, 67, 114, 167, 191, 195, 217, 308, n. 26.\nHa\u1e24ayim, 316.\nHahn, Joseph, 46.\nHai Gaon, 88, 94, 195, 237, 246, 257, 288, 290, 310.\nHair, 31, 32, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 119, 127, 128, 129, 134, 196, 197, 202, 231, 255, 256, 276, n. 18.\nHall, in Swabia, Jewish doctor permitted to practice in, 4.\nHalley's Comet, observed by Israel Isserlein, 252.\nHalo, 216 f.\n\u1e24ananel, R., prayer composed by, 292, n. 4.\n\u1e24anina, R., creation of calf by, 84.\nHand, 103; divining by, 216; in magic, 7; washing, after funeral, 2, 179; unwashed, 32, 35.\nHartlieb, Johann, 14, 221, 308, n. 25.\nHashba\u2018at Malachim, 25.\nHashba\u2018at Shedim, 25.\n\u1e24atach, 165.\nHatavat \u1e24alom, 247.\n\u1e24avah, invoked, 220.\nHavre, 231.\nHawthorn, 309, n. 31.\nHazel, 225, 308, n. 25, 309, n. 31.\nHead, formation of, index of character, 216.\nHealing. See Disease; Illness; Medicine.\nHebrew, 16, 28, 38, 43, 57, 74, 75, 92, 93, 94, 95, 99, 100, 101, 103, 107, 111, 125, 132, 134, 141, 143, 164, 186, 225; language of demons, 287, n. 13; language of heaven, 74; name, 89.\nHeilawac, 194.\nHeilwag, 194.\nHeinrich of Erfurt, doctor, 194. Hell, 67. See also Gehinnom.\nHemorrhages, Jews believed to suffer from, 7.\nHemorrhoids, Jews believed to suffer from, 7.\nHen, 129, 130, 160; black, 43; carried before bridal pair, 173; crowing, 163; sacrificed in new home, 299, n. 19.\nHenbane, 134.\nHenry IV, privilege issued by, 227.\nHeph\u00e6stos, 92.\nHerbs, as amulets, 133; anti-demonic, 161; gathered in cemetery, 207; miraculous, 182; in medicine, 206 f. See also Akeleia; Bukai\u1e93a; Columbine; Elder leaves; Fennel; Henbane; Plantain; Sage; Schelwurz; Wegarich.\nHeresy, to, 73.\nHexagram, 140 f., 151. See also David, Shield of.\nHexe, 278, n. 34.\n\u1e24ibbut ha-Kever, Kabbalistic doctrine of, 74.\nHirnbr\u00fcte, 198.\n\u1e24isda, R., cited, on the dream fast, 245.\nHolda, 41.\nHoliday, 246, 301. See also Day of Atonement; Hoshana Rabbah; Lag B\u2019omer; New Year; Passover; Pentecost; Rejoicing over the Torah;\n[paragraph continues] Rosh Hashanah; Sabbath; Saturday; Sukkot; Tabernacles, Feast of; Tisha\u2018 B\u2019ab; Yom Kippur.\nHolle-locke, 41.\nHollekreisch, 41 f., 172. See also Naming child.\nHollenzopf, 41.\nHomeopathic medicine, 196 f.\nHomer, used in bibliomancy, 105.\nHomunculus, 85. See also Golem.\n\u1e24oni HaMe\u2018agel, and the magic circle, 121.\nHoroscope, 252.\nHorse, 187, 194, 203, 275, n. 15, 280, n. 49; as dream symbol, 239, 240.\nHorowitz, Isaiah b. Abraham, 28, 146, 175, 247.\nHorowitz, Shabbetai b. Isaiah, 178.\nHoshana Rabbah, 62, 106, 215, 254.\nHost, alleged mutilation of, by Jews, 6.\nHours, propitious for writing amulets, 145; propitious for writing mezuzah, 147.\nHouse, 32, 146, 173, 177, 247; as omen, 210; astrological, 253; new, 33, 70, 110, 276, n. 23, 299, n. 19.\nHouse of Life, 57.\nHugh of Lincoln, alleged crucifixion of, by Jews, 8.\nHulda, 41.\nHungary, meeting-place of demons in, 33.\nHydromancy, 219.\nIbn Ezra, legend concerning, and demons, 26 f.\nIbn Roshd, reputed authority on dreams, 237.\nIbn Sinna, reputed authority on dreams, 237.\nIbn Zohr, medical questions solved in dreams by, 309, n. 2.\nIdolatry, 21 f.\nIgrat, queen of demons, 36.\nIliad, medical use of, 106.\nIllness, 47, 57, 107, 157, 198, 252; causes of, 197-199, 204; cured by name, 97; cured by gem, 137; news of, withheld, 57. See also Disease; Medicine.\nImage magic, 6 f., 71, 124, 125, 126.\nImmaculate conception, 183.\nImprecations. See Curses.\nImpregnation without contact, 189.\nIncantations, 83, 97 f., 115 ff., 121, 126, 130, 164, 200, 224, 272, n. 9; permitted by rabbis, 196; unintelligible, 81 f.\nIndex Librorum Prohibitorum, Shimmush Tehillim placed on, 109.\nIndia, Sanskrit prayers in, 81.\nIneffable name, 90, 101, 314, n. 4. See also Name of God.\nInfants, sacrifice of, 9; attacked by demons, 42.\nInfluence, sympathetic, 21.\nInias, 89.\nInquisition, 1, 9, 13, 16, 89, 271, n. 2.\nInsomnia, to cure, 134, 194; to induce, 130.\nIntelligence, Biblical verse for, 111; name for, 97; term for angel, 287, n. 11. See also Wisdom.\nInvalid, 118, 281; cured by magic name, 96; gossip about, 58; susceptible to demonic attack, 48, 118. Invisibility, of demons, 30, 44. Invisible, to become, 88, 110, 129. Iron, 46, 130, 160, 174, 258, 313, n. 14.\nIsaac b. Judah, 316.\nIsaac b. Moses, of Vienna, 3, 52, 231, 316.\nIsidore of Seville, 90.\nIsrael, 56, 87, 96, 155, 158, 170, 227, 234, 257; redemption of, 23; twelve tribes of, 137 f., 172, 217.\nIsrael Isserlein, 58, 67, 167, 180, 190, 199, 203, 205, 228, 232, 245, 252, 284, 316.\nIssachar, 137.\nIsserles, Moses. See Moses Isserles.\nItaly, 68, 72, 88, 252, 313, n. 13.\nIvan IV (the Terrible), Jews accused of dealing in poisons by, 6.\nJacinth, 138.\nJacob, 80, 138, 187, 211, 225; wives of, 313, n. 14.\nJacob b. Judah Hazan, 118, 238.\nJacob Halevi, of Marv\u00e8ge, 231, 236, 241, 242.\nJacob b. Meir Tam, 19, 95, 297, n. 19.\nJacob b. Moses M\u00f6lln, 46, 165, 190, 196, 241, 246, 258, 316.\nJacob b. Shalom, 86.\nJaffe, Mordecai, 255, 307, n. 11, 316.\nJahrzeit, 246.\nJamblichus, 87.\nJapan, hexagram and pentagram in, 141.\nJasper, 138.\nJe\u1e25iel, R., 29.\nJephtha, 258.\nJeremiah, book of, 59; legend of, 189.\nJericho, 122.\nJero\u1e25am b. Meshullam, cited, on demon invocation, 20.\nJerusalem, destruction of, 172, 173, 298, n. 5.\nJesuits, 53.\nJesus, 103, 198, 200, 201, 231, 305, n. 15. See also Christ.\nJettatura, 55, 133. See also Evil eye.\nJews, accused of poisoning, 5 f.; accused of sorcery, 2 ff.; accused of using Christian blood, 7 ff.; and Christian sorcery, 15; ordered to abstain from magic, 271, n. 2; reputation of, as alchemists, 304, n. 1; as dream interpreters, 237; in gem magic, 136; as metal workers, 135; strangeness of, 9 f.\nJoan of Arc, 9.\nJoel, Baal Shem, of Zamosz, 53.\nJoesten, Dr., cited, on Jews and Black Death, 272, n. 9.\nJohn of Salisbury, experience of, in divination, 219.\nJohn the Baptist, drops from bleeding corpse of, on leaves, 258.\nJohn XXII, Pope, 184.\nJoseph, 57, 137, 138, 142, 220, 237, 245, 309, n. 32.\nJoseph, R., 245 f.\nJosephus, on demons, 275, n. 12. Joshua, 115.\nJourney, 138, 157, 158, 161, 190, 210, 253, 255; fear of interrupting, 46; for safety during, 110; of soul, 177.\nSee also Traveller.\nJudah, tribe of, 137.\nJudah Halevi, reality of angelic apparitions acknowledged by, 73.\nJudah L\u00f6w b. Be\u1e93alel, on the evil eye, 56; Golem legend concerning, 85.\nJudah the Pious, 12, 17, 19, 26, 34, 64, 78, 83, 254, 258, 273, n. 9, 316.\nJ\u00fcdischer Theriak, 86.\nJuvenal, remark of, concerning Jewesses who sell dreams, 9.\nKabbalah, 26, 50, 71, 82, 86, 89, 90, 117, 119, 275, 287, 298; and Christian magic, 16; German and Spanish, 17 ff.; Lurianic, 28, 50.\nKabbalah \u2018Iyunit, 18.\nKabbalah Ma\u2018asit, 18.\nKabshiel, 142.\nKairowan, question directed to Hai Gaon from, 88.\nKalir, Eleazar, origin of name of, 123.\nKalonymos, R., cited, on dream fast, 246.\nKalonymos b. Meshullam, prayer dictated in dream to, 234.\nKame\u2018a, 132.\nKapparah, 163 ff.\nKaraites, view of, concerning demons, 26.\nKavvanah, 18.\nKentucky, wedding practice in, 160.\nKeri, 282, n. 16. See also Emission, nocturnal.\nKetab Tamim, 317.\nKeteb Meriri, 36.\nKiddush, 195.\nKingsmill Islands, changing invalid's name in, 205.\nKinship ordeal, 228.\nKishshuf, 19.\nKnife, 121, 122, 128, 160, 169, 184, 227, 242, 243, 258, 276, 298, n. 5, 308, n. 25.\nKnocking, on synagogue door, 62.\nKobold, 39.\nKochbiel, 261.\nKol Bo, 317.\nKol Nidre, 284, n. 35.\nKonrad von Megenberg, 303, n. 14.\nKorah, company of, 167.\nKosher animals, characteristics of, 183 f.\nKutiel, 225.\nLaban, 187.\nLadislaus VI, Posthumous, 252.\nLamech, 287, n. 2.\nLanguage, of demons, 287, n. 13; of heaven, 74; used by Jewish sorcerers, 75.\nLauterbach, J. Z., on Tashlich, 165.\nLawsuit, between demons and men, 52 ff.\nLaylah (angel), 36.\nLea, H. C., cited, on Notory Art, 89.\nLeah, 313, n. 14.\nLeaven, searching out the, 2 f.\nLeech, 184.\nLeft, 26, 103, 129, 130, 183, 188, 189, 191, 225, 243.\nLeo (constellation), 258.\nLeopold, Duke, 8.\nLeshem, 138.\nL\u00e9tiches, 279, n. 43.\nLetters, Hebrew, mystical value of, 18; used as numerals, 143; large, 147 f., 220. See also Gematria; Writing, large.\nLevi, 137.\nLevita, Elijah. See Elijah Levita.\nLeviticus, medical use of, 106.\nLibation, 167, 177. See also Offering to spirits.\nLibra (constellation), 258.\nLife, human, creation of, 84 f. See also Golem.\nLight, 46, 61, 159, 171, 175, 186, 195, 214, 289, n. 26. See also Candle; Moon, light of; Stars, light of; Sun, light of; Torch.\n\"Likes,\" in medicine, 197.\nLilit, 36 f., 42, 101, 169, 258, 277 f., n. 32, n. 33, 280, n. 51, 292, n. 56.\nLincoln, Jew of, 229.\nLion, 33, 130, 140, 182, 216, 245.\nLiquids, 46, 123 f., 159, 177, 198, 239.\nLock, magical device for opening, 130.\nLondon, attack on Jews in, 2; duelling order issued in, 229.\nLots, casting, 217, 308, n. 26.\nLouis IX, decree by, ordering Jews to abstain from magic, 271, n. 2.\nLove, to arouse, 97, 110, 125 f., 129; charms, 43, 103, 129 f., 168; consumption of blood awakens, 8; potions, 123. See also Passion.\nLucca, Kalonymides from, 17.\nLuck, bad, 33, 45, 46, 168, 212; good, 70, 132, 171, 213.\nLudwig IX, impelled to join Crusade by dream, 230.\nLuel, 225.\nLuria, Solomon, 146, 199, 316.\nLuther, Martin, anecdote of, concerning Jew and amulet, 10; cited, on Jews and medicine, 6; on Jews and sorcery, 271, n. 1.\nM\u2019abrit, 117.\nMad, one who has gone, 95.\nMafgi\u2018a, 140.\nMagen David, 141. See also David, Shield of; Hexagram.\nMagic, and astrology, 250, 255; and divination, 218 f.; and mysticism, 12, 18, 72 f., 88; and medicine, 193 ff.; and religion, 16, 21, 104, 157; angels in, 69 f., 73; act, 20, 120 ff.; act, preparation for, 114; Arab, 115, 141, 143; attitude toward, 22, 23 ff.; black and white, 22; cause of disease, 198, 199; Christian, 15, 16, 22; to counteract, 106, 110, 111, 135, 158 ff.; counterfeit, 19, 20; demons in, 19 ff., 25 f.; forbidden, 19 ff., 126; fowl in, 164; Greek, 115; idolatrous, 21; influence of, on social usage, 153; limitations of, 84; pagan, 87; permitted, 19 ff., 24, 199 f.; roots of, 21; sympathetic, 21, 25, 124-130; Talmudic, 11, 19 f., 84, 88; Teutonic, 120; transference of, 122 f.; woman in, 16 f., 5r, 116. See also Sorcery; Witch-cults.\nMaharil. See Jacob b. Moses M\u00f6lln.\nMa\u1e25lat, 36.\nMa\u1e25zor Vitry, 67, 149, 236, 257, 317.\nMaimonides, Moses, 26 f., 73, 121, 148, 249, 290.\nMainz, spirits conduct service in, 62; stipulation when employing a sexton in, 284, n. 33.\nMalache habbala, 28.\nMalach ra\u2018, 275, n. 8.\nMaledictions, chapter of, fear of reading, 284, n. 33. See also Curses.\nMand\u00e6ans, 115.\nMandragora, 182.\nManich\u00e6ism, 101.\nManure, used in creation of life, 85.\nMarduk, 87.\nMare, 38 f., 278, n. 34, 279, n. 38.\nMaria, 103. See also Mary.\nMarriage, 47, 79, 118, 127, 160, 253, 255; customs connected with, 172 ff.; in May, 255. See also Wedding.\nMarseilles, letter of Maimonides to, concerning astrology, 249.\nMartin IV, Pope, 194.\nMary, 156, 231. See also Maria.\nMasechet Soferim, 256.\nMash\u1e25it, 275, n. 8.\nMeasles, 198.\nMeat, thrown before bridal pair, 173.\nMedicine, 4 f., 122, 160, 181, 193-207; and astrology, 259; and dreams, 309; Biblical verses in, 107; book on, 230; gem used in, 136. See also Abortion; Anesthesia; Barrenness; Blood, human; Blood-letting; Body, human; Carbuncle; Cataract; Childbirth; Chill; Consumption; Cupping; Disease; Dropsy; Embryo; Epilepsy; Excrement; Eye, cure for; Fat; Fever; Fright; Gout; Hemorrhage; Hemorrhoids; Hirnbr\u00fcte; Hygiene; Illness; Insomnia; Invalid; Menstruation; Miscarriage; Paralysis; Phlebotomy; Physicians; Plague; Podagra; Poison; Procreation; Psychic treatment; Sex, methods of determining; Sterility; Teeth, aching; Urine; Warts; Wasserkalb; Water, curative.\nMedicine man, 81.\nMefasher \u1e24almin, 237.\nMefat\u1e25iel, 99.\nMeir, R., on dream fast, 246.\nMeir b. Baruch, of Rothenburg, 19, 113, 146, 190, 191, 231, 234, 245, 310, n. 12, 316.\nMeir b. Kalonymos, cited, on man-plant, 182.\nMeir b. Todros Halevi Abulafia, cited, on demons, 20.\nMelanesia, beliefs concerning causes of disease in, 197.\nMemory, 74; actions detrimental to, 190 f.; aids to, 122, 191 f., 196; angel of, 99; loss of, 33.\nMemuneh, 69, 72, 77, 222, 235, 286, n. 10. See also Deputy angels.\nMena\u1e25em of Speyer, cited, on magical healing by Christian, 200.\nMenasseh, tribe of, 172.\nMenasseh b. Israel, 14, 27, 54, 56, 161, 230, 233, 235, 249, 317.\nMermaid, 279, n. 45, 280, n. 46.\nMessen, 203 f.\nMessiah, time of the, 286, n. 4.\nMetal, 121, 122, 134, 173, 175, 185; anti-demonic virtues of, 160, 203. See also Barzel; Coins; Gold; Iron.\nMetatron, 76, 98, 262, 287, n. 19, 291, n. 49.\nMetempsychosis, 282. See also Gilgul; Soul, transmigration of.\nMeteoroid, 134.\nMethuselah, 287, n. 2.\nMetoposcopy, 216.\nMetz, 171.\nMezuzah, 3 f., 92, 107, 141, 146-152, 158, 255, 290, n. 37.\nMichael, 98, 126, 142, 151, 156, 225, 251, 260, 286, n. 9, 313, n. 12.\nMichael Behaim, of Sulzbach, cited, on demons from Norway, 276, n. 27; on invoking the dead, 223.\nMidsummer Day, 225, 257, 258, 313, n. 12.\nMilk, 131, 188, 189, 194, 231.\nMinhagim, 316.\nMinz, Moses, cited, on Hollekreisch, 42.\nMiriam's well, 195.\nMirror, 43, 128, 185, 195; covering, 302, n. 56; divining with, 219.\nMiscarriage, 133 f., 137. See also Abortion.\nMohammed, 127.\nM\u00f6lln, Jacob b. Moses. See Jacob b. Moses M\u00f6lln.\nMonday, 145, 147, 219, 220, 254.\nMonstrosities, human, 182.\nMontgomery, J. A., 72, 100; cited, on angels, 77; cited, on Aramaic incantations, 89; cited, on rua\u1e25, 274, n 6.\nMonth, angel of, 99 f., 139, 218, 243.\nMoon, 186, 201, 251, 252, 253, 259, 261; angel in, 240; eclipse of, 251 f.; influence of, 255 f.; name of, 226; waning and waxing, 186, 255 f. See also New moon.\nMoonlight, 159.\nMoore, George Foot, 12.\nMorael, 99.\nMoravia, Hollekreisch in, 42.\nMoses, 91, 96, 115, 216, 218, 258, 288, n. 18, 309, n. 32; astrologer named, 295, n. 4.\nMoses, b. Abraham Mat, cited, on Habdalah libation, 167.\nMoses b. \u1e24anoch, 316.\nMoses Isserles, 20 f., 164, 316.\nMoses b. Jacob, of Coucy, 204, 230.\nMoses Taku (or, of Tachau), 26 f., 311, n. 1, 317.\nMother, name of, 116, 139, 140; thoughts of, influence child, 187. Mothers, attacked by demons, 36. Mourner, 68, 157, 172, 177, 178, 179, 281. See also Funeral; Mourning. Mourning, 49, 213, 239, 248, 255; mark of, 301; rites, 2, 179 f.; treatise on, 57; at wedding ceremony, 173 f.\nMouth, vampire's, open after death, 14, 39.\nMusic, used to expel demon, 196; at wedding, 172.\nMythical creatures, 181; lands, 181.\nNa\u1e25aliel, 99.\nName, change of, 168, 204-206; divining with, 217, 218; Hebrew, 41 f., 74; secular, 42; significance of, 78-80. See also Naming child.\nName of God, of 4 letters, 91; of 12 letters, 92, 289, n. 22; of 14 letters, 92, 148 f., 151, 297, n. 26; of 22 letters, 91, 92 f., 95, 98, 100, 151; of 42 letters, 91, 93, 94 f., 98, 174, 175, 289, n. 22, n. 26, n. 30; of 72 syllables, 91, 93, 95-97, 98, 262, 289, n. 22, n. 30. See also Adiriron; Adonai; Ahah; Ehyeh; Ehyeh asher ehyeh; Eli; Eloa; Eloe; Elo\u00eb Sabaot; Elohim; Eloym; God, name of; Ineffable name; Pipi; Pronunciation of name of God; Ramathel; Sabaot; Sabbaoth; Saday; Shaddai; Tetragrammaton; Uriron; Ya; Yah; Yau; Yehu; yhvh; \u1e92ebaot; Zelioz.\nName-magic, 26; evolution of, 86-89.\nNames, magical, 19, 66, 75, 78-103, 115, 122, 131, 139, 156, 158, 218; of angels, 97-100; borrowed, 100-103; creative powers of, 84-86; of demons, 35-43; formation of, 260-267, 289 f.; of God, 90-97; hidden in Bible, 108, 109, 111, 112, 154, 243; invocation of, 15, 83; invocation of, and Kabbalah, 18; invocation of, in consonance with Jewish religion, 21, 24; knowledge of, inaccessible to women, 16; in medicine, 201 f.; permissibility of using, 20, 21; preparation for use of, 83; role of, 15, 22, 77, 80; and magic words, 80-83, 87 f. See also Abracadabra; Abraxas; Absalom; Abton; Adam; Agla; Akos Pakos; Alpha; Angels, names of; Angels, individual; Daniel; Demons, names of; Demons, individual; Eve; God, name of; Havah; Hocus Pocus; M\u2019abrit; Name of God; Sansanvi; Sanvi; Semangelaf.\nNaming child, 41 f., 78, 172; at grave, 48. See also Hollekreisch; Name.\nNaphtali, tribe of, 138.\nNathan b. Moses Hanover, acrostic prayers of, 93, 94.\nNatronai Gaon, opinion of, concerning Kiddush wine, 195.\nNature, 23; inner, of things, 21; of man, 36; root of magic, 21; wonders of, 181-184.\nNebuchadnezzar, dream of, 239.\nNefesh, 61. See also Soul.\nNe\u1e25inah, 224.\nNe\u1e25unya b. HaKana, acrostic prayer ascribed to, 95.\nNemirov, incident during pogrom at, 10.\nNergal, 156.\nNeshamah, 61. See also Soul.\nNestelkn\u00fcpfen, 127.\nNew moon, 62, 114, 119, 243, 256.\nNew things, 85, 88, 121 f., 125, 126, 129, 130, 131, t58, 188, 201, 219, 224. See also House, new; Wine, old.\nNew Year, 64, 99, 213, 285, n. 11. See also Rosh Hashanah.\nNichilus, 268.\nNight, 32, 36, 42, 48, 72, 5 10, 183; angel of, 36; conception during, 186; dreams during, 240; spirits attack during, 40, 46 f., 67, 106.\nNightmare, 39.\nNight-prayer, 156, 244. See also Shema\u2018.\nNigromancia, 22.\nNikolsburg, expulsion of demon at, 51. Nimbus, 216 f.\nNine, 39, 48, 97, 106, 117, 118, 128,\n[paragraph continues] 129, 142, 158, 162, 176, 183, 192, 200, 201, 202, 217, 220, 279, n. 38, 294, n. 11; use of, in magic, 119 f.\nNinib, 156.\nNoah, 287, n. 2.\nNofech, 137.\nNoise, anti-demonic weapon, 159 f.; in child-naming rite, 42, 281; in marriage rite, 173; postpones death, 175. See also Shooting; Shouting.\nNorth, 34, 172, 173, 212, 276, n. 26.\nNorway, demons from, 34, 276, n. 27.\nNotarikon, 99, 148, 261 f., 264.\nNothemd, 135 f.\nNotory Art, 89, 286, n. 2. See also Ars Notoria.\nNottingham, duel at, 229.\nNuitons, 40.\nNumbers, in magic, 117-120, 293 f.; in medicine, 201. See also Even numbers; Four; Nine; Odd numbers; Pairs; Seven; Seventy; Seventy-two; Six; Sixty; Ten; Three; Twenty-one; Twenty-four.\nNun, and mezuzah, 147; possessed by spirit, 282, n. 12.\nNun (letter), 112.\nOak, 313.\nOchnotinos, 117.\nOdd numbers, 118.\nOdem, 137.\nOdor, of animal, 184; of earth, 62; of Hell, 67.\nOffering to spirits, 22, 131, 162-166; at birth, 169; at circumcision, 171; in necromancy, 224; at wedding, 173. See also Libation; Sacrifice.\nOil, 14, 123, 131, 138, 194, 218, 224; divining with, 219; olive, 158, 192, 207; strewn before bridal pair, 173.\nOmen, 157, 167, 210-214; dream, 239.\nOnomancy, 217.\nOnychomancy, 308, n. 26. See also Finger-nails, divining by.\nOnyx, 138.\n\"Opener,\" the, 102.\nOr\u1e25ot \u1e92adikim, 316.\nOrigen, cited, on magic words, 88.\nOrmuzd, 102.\nOrnaments, origin of, 132.\nOr Zarua, 316.\nOshaya, R., creation of calf by, 84.\nOtiot de Rabbi Akiba, 72.\nOtter, 298, n. 11.\nPa\u2018anea\u1e25 Raza, 316.\nPagan deities, 89.\nPa\u1e25adron, 99.\nPairs, numerical, 118 f.\nPapa, R., on creative power of demons, 84.\nParalysis, cure for, 207.\nParchment, use of, for amulets, 144.\nPardon, begged of dead, 63.\nParis, 89; charge of sorcery against Jews in, 2, 179.\nParis, Matthew, 7 f.\nPassion, to arouse, 126, 128; aroused by demons, 51; dreams of, 235; foods that govern, 184 f.; planet that governs, 252. See also Love.\nPassover, 152, 254, 255, 287, n. 13, 291, n. 40; a \"night of protection,\" 118, 154f.; cup of wine for Elijah on, 167; cups of wine on, 118; Jews suspected of magic on, 3; Jews suspected of using blood on, 7 f. See also Seder.\nPat\u1e25iel, 102.\nPeace, gem that creates, 138; to maintain, 110; name that makes, 97.\nPearl, 137.\nPenance, done by spirits of dead, 62.\nPentagram, 140, 151, 152. See also Solomon, Seal of.\nPerchisbrod. See Berchisbrod.\nPerchta, 280. See also Berchta.\nPerles, J., on incantation against demon of forgetfulness, 117.\nPeru, hexagram and pentagram in, 141.\nPhallic symbols, 161.\nPharaoh, dream of, 239.\nPhilippe le Bel, restrains Inquisition\nfrom attacking Jews on sorcery charge, 271, n. 2.\nPhilo, on demons, 275, n. 12; on dreams, 310, n. 10.\nPhlebotomy, 304, n. 5. See also Bloodletting.\nPhoenix, 182.\nPhrases, ominous, effect of, 58.\nPhylacteries, 145 f., 158, 169. See also Tefillin.\nPhysicians, and alchemy, 304, n. 1; and amulets, 144; and magic, 193 f.; Jewish, in Northern Europe, 4; non-Jewish, consulted, 200.\nPhysiognomy, divining by, 216.\nPistus, 92.\nPitdah, 137.\nPitron \u1e24alomot, 232, 237, 238, 317.\nPius IX, Pope, reputed to be possessed of evil eye, 54.\nPlaces, waste, spirits of, 40.\nPlague, 255, 306, n. 5, 313, n. 14; Biblical verses protect against, 106; caused by improper mezuzah, 147. See also Ten plagues, the.\nPlanet, 98, 152, 238; and angels, 250 f. See also Jupiter; Mars; Mercury; Moon; Saturn; Sun; Venus. Plantain, 207.\nPlato, authority on dreams, 238; cited, on divination, 221.\nPniel, 99.\nPodagra, 58.\nPoison, 101, 176, 257; Jews accused of using, 5; in magic and witch-cults, 5, 9, 272, n. 16; protection against, 184.\nPoland, Hollekreisch in, 42; Jews accused of murder in, 8.\nPolterabend, 160.\nPolypsychism, 61, 284, n. I. See also Soul.\nPoseidon, 92.\nPosen, lawsuit between men and demons in, 52.\nPossession, spirit, 49-51, 282. See also Demoniac; Dibbuk.\nPower, magic, in names and words, 83.\nPrasinum, 267.\nPrayer, 33, 114, 115, 157, 166, 170, 174, 204, 250; acrostic, 93, 95, 175; angels transmit, 70, 72; in behalf of the dead, 64, 65; to counteract dream, 248; to ensure favorable response to, 97, 110; and magic, 298, n. 5; omission of, as omen, 213; protection against spirits, 28, 155 f.; for vampire, 39; wife's, for husband on road, 44. See also \u2018Amidah; Ana Bekoa\u1e25; Blessing; Eighteen Benedictions; Grace after meals; Habdalah; Kaddish; Kavvanah; Kiddush; Kol Nidre; Night-prayer; Services, synagogue; Shema\u2018; Unetanneh Tokef; Yo\u1e93er Or.\nPriapus, 92.\nPriest, 93, 105, 219, 221, 227, 237, 305, n. 15; as dream symbol, 243.\nPriestly Benediction, 92, 93 f., 151, 158, 290, n. 32, n. 34, n. 37.\nPrince, 286, n. 4, n. 8. See also Angel.\nPrivy, demons infest, 32, 145, 159.\nProcreation, beliefs concerning, 184-190.\nPronunciation, of names of God, 91, 94, 95, 96.\nProvence, 3, 68, 249, 271, n. 2. Providence, divine, 75 f.\nPsalms, magical use of, 109, 139, 156, 169, 170.\nPsychic treatment of disease, 196. Ptolemy, 252.\nPuel, 99.\nPumbedita, 88.\nPythagorean theory, 82, 117, 143.\nRab, cited, on Bezalel's mastery of art of combining letters, 82; cited, on the dream fast, 245; among those who questioned the dead, 222.\nRaba, man created by, 84; on healing and superstition, 199.\nRaben, 316.\nRabiah, 316.\nRachel, 313, n. 14.\nRaguel, 89.\nRain, 72, 157; demons compared to, 275, n. 9; magic, 121; omens indicating, 212; to produce, 131.\nRamathel, 90.\nRaphael, 98, 126, 139, 142, 147, 151, 156, 251, 260.\nRashi, 26, 84, 113, 116, 147, 234, 237, 297, n. 19, 316; differentiates among demons, 31; on the evil eye, 55; on Kapparah, 163; on the name of God of 72 syllables, 95, 96; on the sorcerer's technique, 81; reputed a miracle worker, 19.\nRasis, on generating a human being, 85.\nRaven, 130.\nRaziel, Sefer, 70, 72, 77, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 117, 140, 145, 243, 260, 315.\nRebirth, symbolic, 34.\nRecanati, Mena\u1e25em, 317.\nRed Sea, split by Moses, 96.\nReflection, as omen, 215.\nRegensburg, Jewish wine requested by Christian at, 3.\nReichhelm, abbot of Sch\u00f6ngau, cited, on number of demons, 275, n. 9.\nRejoicing over the Torah, 155.\nRelics, miraculous powers of, 200, 305, n. 15.\nReligion, and magic, 16, 21, 104, 157.\nReligious life, protective power of, 154.\nRemedies. See Medicine.\nRemus, 102.\nRepetition, in magic art, 117 f., 190. Responsa, Geonic, 315.\nReuben, tribe of, 137.\nRevenge, sought by dead, 63.\nRhabdomancy, 225.\nRhineland, 213; Crusaders attack Jews in, 255; Jews in, cover mezuzot, 4; Jews in, dealers in drugs, 5; Kalonymides in, 17, 149; medical work written in, 194; mourning costume in, 173, 180.\nRichard I, attack on Jews at coronation of, 2.\nRight, 26, 130, 134, 188, 189, 191, 225, 289, n. 26.\nRings, 135, 203, 219, 295, n. 4; magic, 273, n. 2; wedding, 201.\nRitual murder, accusation, 7-9.\nRitual, witches\u2019, 9.\nRivers, W. H. R., cited, on causes of disease, 197.\nRobbing the dead, 68.\nRokea\u1e25, 316.\nRomiel, 99.\nRooster, 164, 173, 176, 211; sacrificed in new home, 299, n. 19; white, 131.\nRosh Hashanah, 113, 157, 163, 165, 214, 247. See also New Year.\nRua\u1e25, 27, 31, 61, 274, n. 6. See also Soul.\nRua\u1e25 ra\u2018ah, 27.\nRuby, 137.\nRuggieri, Cosmo, accused of image magic, 124.\nRussia, Jews accused of importing poisonous herbs into, 6.\nRuth, 31.\nSabaoc, 89.\nSabaot, 226.\nSabbaoth, 90.\nSabbat feast, of witches, 160.\nSabbath, dream-fast on, 245, 246, 247; fire on, 3, 143; garment worn on, 301; girl named on, 42; influence of, on children, 185, 186; magic act performed on, 7, 107, 143, 144, 166, 200, 203, 221; mourner leaves home on, 180; observance of Tashlich on, 165; on which Chapter of Maledictions is read, 59; on which Passover falls, 154; protective power of, 154; repose of dead on, 66 f., 223, 285, n. 9; robbing the dead on, 67 f. See also Saturday.\nSabbath, eve of, demons created on, 38, 50, 275, n. 10. See also Friday, night; Kiddush.\nSabbath, expiration of, 114; charm recited at, 102, 117; drinking and eating at, 67 f.; Miriam's well at, 195. See also Habdalah; Saturday.\nSachiel, 251.\nSacrifice, 8, 106, 111, 131, 276, n. 26;\nbuilding, 162, 299, n. 19. See also Libation; Offering to spirits.\nSaday, 91.\nSage (herb), 207.\nSt. Brigid, 156.\nSt. George's Day, 313, n. 12, n. 13.\nSt. George's Shirt, 135.\nSt. John's Day, 258. See also Midsummer day.\nSt. John, oil of, 313, n. 13.\nSt. Joseph, 156.\nSt. Patrick, 156.\nSt. Sisynie, 101.\nSaints, worship of, 64; invoked in medicine, 200.\nSalamander, 278, n. 33, 305, n. 15.\nSalerno, women of, use pregnant stone, 295, n. 3.\nSaliva, human, magical power of, 120. See also Expectorating; Spitting; Spittle.\nSalonica, 237.\nSalt, 122, 123, 180, 194, 258; anti-demonic virtues of, 160; and bread,\n[paragraph continues] 39, 128, 160f.; delays death, 175; scattered over bridal pair, 173; sexual properties of, 185.\nSalzburg, Bishop of, mezuzah sought by, 4.\nSamael, 251.\nSamson, of Ostropol, taught by angel, 76.\nSamson, of Sens, cited, on man-plant, 182.\nSamter, E., cited, on fear of the dead, 49; on fertility symbols, 173.\nSamuel, spirit of, consulted by Saul, 222.\nSamuel, father of Judah the Pious, 19, 78, 85.\nSamuel b. Meir, 118, 234, 293, n. 7.\nSandalfon, 76.\nSanskrit, prayers in India, 81.\nSapir, 137.\nSapphire, 137.\nSatan, 39, 95, 106, 113, 146, 154, 155, 160, 165, 170, 173, 178, 279, n. 38; alleged source of magic, 5, 9, 14, 15; allegiance to, attributed to Jews, 1, 4; in Christian folklore, 277, n. 29; in Jewish folklore, 35; opening one's mouth to, 56, 57. See also Devil.\nSatanael, 101.\nSaturday, 47, 67, 167, 191, 213, 220. See also Sabbath.\nSaul, 222.\nSatyrs, 58.\nScapegoat offering, 163 ff.\nSchelwurz, 207.\nSchlangenbalg, 86.\nScholars, attacked by demons, 50, 297, n. 3.\nSchudt, J. J., cited, on use of bread and salt by Jews, 161, 294, n. 16.\nSchwab, M., on angelology, 99, 101.\nSchwarzkunst, 22.\nScience, root of magic, 21; medical, 194.\nScorpio, 258.\nScorpion, 120.\nScripture, in divination, 256; in magic, 104 ff.; in medicine, 202. See also Bible; Biblical verses; Torah.\nSeder, Passover, 8, 1,8, 134, 167.\nSeder of R. Amram, 164.\nSeduction, by demons, 52.\nSefer Gematriaot, 109, 136 f., 150, 152, 264, 265-267.\nSefer HaPardes, 149.\nSefer \u1e24asidim, 53, 34, 36, 44, 56, 59, 62, 63, 159, 162, 197, 201, 206, 207, 235, 236, 241, 316.\nSefer Ye\u1e93irah, 82, 85, 117 f. See also Book of Creation.\nSefirot, 289.\nSemag, 316; composition of, due to dream, 230.\nSema\u1e25ot, 57.\nSemen, 202, 282. See also Sperm.\nSeptuagint, 101.\nSerpent, 182, 184, 280, n. 47.\nServices, synagogue, 28; mourners barred from, 180; prolonged on Friday night, 47, 67. See also Prayer.\nSeven, 32, 62, 64, 97, 98, 100, 107, 121, 124, 131, 136, 151, 152, 156, 162, 163, 178, 179, 200, 219, 220, 226, 247, 250, 251; use of, in magic, 119.\nSeventy, 98.\nSeventy-two, 113, 294, n. 12. See also Name of God, of 72 syllables.\nSex, methods of determining, 188 f.\nSex organs, 128. See also Genitalia.\nSexual act, representation of, 161.\nShabriri, 116.\nShaddai, 139, 175, 225, 264; and Metatron, 76, 262; on mezuzah, 148, 149, 151; protective powers of, 158. See also Saday.\nShadow, 31, 67; of moon, 34, 198, 255; man's, ominous significance of, 214 f.\nShamash, 156.\nShamriel, 99.\nShebo, 138.\nShechinah, 74, 231, 298, n. 5.\nShed, 27, 274, n. 5; characteristics of, 31.\nShedu, 156.\nSheftel, R., divorce from demon forced by, 53.\nShema\u2018, 92, 148, 156, 263, 289, n. 30, 298, n. 5. See also Night prayer.\nShem Hameforash, 288, n. 21. See also Ineffable name.\nSherira Gaon, 147 f., 297, 304.\nSheshet, R., physician, of Barcelona, 199.\nShibbole HaLeket, 317.\nShimmush Tehillim, 109, 262, 315.\nShin (letter), 158.\nShir shel pega\u2018im. See Anti-demonic psalm.\nShirt, magic, 135 f., 305, n. 15.\nShlumiel, 190.\nShofar, 113, 201; blowing of, confounds the devil, 154; dream symbol, 245.\nShoham, 138.\nShooting, 182; anti-demonic device, 159. See also Noise.\nShouting, in child-naming rite, 42, 281; postpones death, 175. See also Noise.\nShroud, 173.\nSiddur Rashi, 317.\nSieghemd, 135.\nSigismund Augustus, demand of, that Lithuanian Jews be admitted to Russia, 5.\nSilesia, 167.\nSimeon, tribe of, 137.\nSim\u1e25ah, R., 200.\nSimiel, 89.\nSimon bar Yo\u1e25ai, tomb of, 64.\nSimusiel, 99.\nSin (Babylonian god), 156.\nSisyno-doros, 101.\nSkull, used in necromancy, 223.\nSleep, abstraction of blood enriches, 196; gem that brings, 138; induced by magic, 129; sensations experienced during, influence dreams, 233; soul leaves body during, 47, 234; spirits attack men during, 39, 46 f., 145, 146.\nSmaragd, 137.\nSmiraldus, 267.\nSnail, 211.\nSnake, 33, 130, 159, 185, 240; bone of, discloses presence of poison, 184.\nSneezing, ominous nature of, 211, 306, n. 5.\nSolomon b. Adret, on Kapparah, 164.\nSolomon b. \u1e24ananel, of Mainz, operation performed on, 199.\nSolomon, Seal of, 140 f. See also Pentagram.\nSong at the Sea, 112.\nSong of Songs, 112.\nSorcerer, 24, 81, 162, 279, n. 40; alters shape, 13; causes disease, 197; popular conception of, 12 f., 15. See also Magician.\nSorceress, 111, 227, 242. See also Witch.\nSorcery, 1, 45, 107; based on worship of Satan, 15; Church attack on, 9, 12. See also Magic; Witch-cults.\nSortilege, 217. See also Lots, casting of.\nSoul, 56, 221, 233; additional, on Sabbath, 67; of deceased, fear of, 49; of demons, created on Sabbath eve, 29; of drowned persons, 279 f., n. 45; of the dying, struggle over, 49; exit of, at death, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180; leaves body during sleep, 47, 234; man possesses several, 61; and name are one, 78; names of, 6,, 152; projected to distant places, 13; in Purgatory, 66 f., 285, n. 11; transmigration of, 50. See also Dead, Spirits of; Dibbuk; Gilgul; Metempsychosis; Polypsychism.\nSpecularii, 219.\nSperm, 22, 184, 188. See also Semen.\nSpeyer, privilege issued to congregation of, 227.\nSpices, 224; smelling of, during Habdalah, 67. See also Pepper; Salt.\nSpirit, transmutation of, into matter, 73 f.\nSpirits, 21; agents of magic, 23, 126; Biblical references to, 27; danger of invoking, 17; dependence of Jewish magic on, 22; invocation of, 20, 241 f.; source of illness, 198; War with the, 153-180. See also Angels; Dead, the, spirits of; Demons; Devil; Evil men, spirits of; Evil, powers of; Good, powers of; Satan; Spirits, evil; Uncleanness, spirits of.\nSpirits, evil, 25-43, 127, 146, 203, 219, 222, 258, 278, n. 33; cause disease, 199; methods of warding off, 153-180; protection against, 97, 106, 110, 113, 134, 139; relations of, with men, 44-60; to see, 295, n. 24. See also Demons; Devil; Evil men, spirits of; Evil, powers of; Incubus; Possession, spirit; Satan; Succubus; Uncleanness, spirits of.\nSpiritus, 199, 240, 310, n. 5.\nSpitting, 130, 162; while reciting Biblical verse, 107. See also Expectorating.\nSpittle, anti-demonic virtues of, 159, medicinal virtues of, 203. See also Saliva.\nSpontaneous generation, 182 f.\nSpuknacht, 171.\nSquare, magic, 142 f., 296, n. 14.\nStarling, 211.\nStars, the, angel that governs, 261; and angels, 69, 70, 73, 139, 211, 250; disclose future, 210, 211, 238, 240; govern man's fate, 59, 60, 69, 144, 208, 236; light of, effect on children, 186. See also Astrology; Libra; Leo; Planets; Scorpio.\nSteinschneider, M., cited, on alchemy, 304, n. 1; cited, on gem-magic, 136.\nSterility, to cure, 110, 188. See also Barrenness.\nStone, 33, 70, 135, 190; divining with, 218; used in ordeal, 227; pregnant, 295, n. 3; preserving, 133 f.; type of demon, 279, n. 38.\nStorm, 160; and demons, 34; to calm, 123.\nStrasbourg, man attacked by cats in, 14.\nStratagem, anti-demonic weapon, 162.\nStraw, 134.\nStrength, gem that adds, 137.\nStriga, 37.\nStudy, 187, 189, 191; aided by magic name, 97; begun on day of new moon, 256; form of worship, 155; preparation for magic act, 114; protective power of, 46, 154, 155, 157, 170, 175.\nSturgeon, 230.\nSuccess, gem to win, 138.\nSukkot, 253. See also Tabernacles, Feast of.\nSummers, Montague, cited, on ritual murder, 8.\nSun, 219; astrological influence of, 147, 251, 252, 253; eclipse of, 251 f.; invoked, 201; light of, effect on children, 186; name of, 226; rising, effect of, on magic, 114; turning of, 257 f. See also Equinox; Solstice; Tekufah.\nSunday, 136, 145, 243, 253, 254, 256, 285, n. 9.\nSunset, 43.\nSupernatural, the, appeal to, 21; cause of disease, 197 f.; fear of, 153.\nSuperstition, physician exponent of, 193 ff.; popular attitude toward, 23 f.; and religion, 157; Talmudic, discarded, 35 f., 196, 317.\nSurface, polished, use of, in divination, 219 f.\nSweat, 129, 183, 202, 294, n. 23.\nSword, 196, 253; of angel of death, 176, 177; divining with, 219; under influence of Mars, 252; used to inscribe magic circle, 121, 122, 160, 220.\nSword of Moses, 72, 88, 100, 124, 260, 315.\nSyllables, barbarous, use of, 87.\nSympathetic magic, 21, 124-130, 294.\nSynagogue, 14, 180; spirits gather in, 62, 67.\nSynod, Church, 4.\nSyno-doros, 101.\nTa\u2018anit \u1e24alom, 245 f.\nTabernacles, Feast of, 62, 215. See also Sukkot.\nTail, fox's, 133.\nTalmud, the, on amulets, 144; on angels, 71 f.; on astrology, 250; on blessing the new moon, 256; on consciousness of the dead, 63; on creative power of magic, 84; on crowing hen, 163; on demons, 25 ff., 274 f.; on divination, 210, 216, 220; on dreams, 234 ff., 244; on even tekumah, 133 f.; on the evil eye, 55; on forgetfulness, 190; on gems, 136; on the language of heaven, 74; magic of, 88; on magic, 19, 127; on mother's name in incantations, 115; on names of God, 90, 289; on necromancy, 222 f.; on numbers, 118, 119; on opening one's mouth to Satan, 56; on phylacteries, 145; on recital of Kiddush, 195; study of, 17; on use of Biblical verses, 107 f., 112 f., 202, 239; on watch over corpse, 175.\nTalmudic recipes discarded, 35 f., 196, 317.\nTamar, 137.\nTannh\u00e4usersage, 43.\nTao-Teh-King, used in bibliomancy, 105.\nTarshish, 138.\nTashbe\u1e93, 316.\nTashlich, 165 f.\nTearing up grass after a funeral, 178.\nTeeth, aching, 194; fox's, 133.\nTefillin, 231. See also Phylacteries.\nTekufah, 160, 257 f. See also Equinox; Solstice; Sun, turning of.\nTen, 39, 63, 97, 102, 110, 152, 158, 190, 201, 205, 231, 294, n. 12.\nTen plagues, the, 167, 291, n. 40.\nTetrabiblos, 252.\nTetragrammaton, 90, 9 1, 100, 101, 117, 226, 234, 261, 264, 289, n. 26; substitutes for, 91, 134, 143, 288, n. 9. See also Ineffable name; Name of God, of 4 letters; yhvh.\nTeutonic religion, divination in, 214.\nTheriac, 193.\nThief, means of apprehending a, 70, 125, 128, 218, 219, 221.\nThomas of Cantimpr\u00e9, accusation of murder by, 7.\nThor, 276, n. 28.\nThorndike, Lynn, cited, on astrology, 249; cited, on geomancy, 217.\nThread, 190, 204; crimson, 133.\nThree, 37, 42, 43, 57, 66, 85, 97, 98, 111, 114, 120, 121, 126, 128, 134, 144, 151, 152, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 163, 174, 176, 179, 184, 185, 201, 203, 204, 225, 231, 243, 246, 247, 256, 281, n. 4, 293, n. 9; importance of, in magic, 119. See also Triads.\nThrowing, repels demons, 159 f.; at wedding, 172, 173; at funeral, 2, 178 f.\nThunder, 238; dreaded by dragon, 40; weapon of demons, 34.\nThursday, 43, 129, 145, 147, 220, 254, 281, n. 52.\nTisha\u2018 B\u2019ab, 64.\nTishbi, 317.\nTorah, 55, 59, 64, 137, 139, 158, 187, 249; compared to light, 171; consists of magic names, 261, 314, n. 4; dream omen, 247; invoked, 60, 226; and magic, 274, n. 13; merit of, 106; mysteries of, revealed by angel, 76; protective power of study of, 155; 170; words of, 106 f., 108, 155, 202. See also Bible; Biblical verses; Pentateuch; Scripture; Torah scroll.\nTorah scroll, 158, 201; conduct in presence of, 105; dream omen, 246; used as protective device, 105 f., 169, 175, 202.\nTorch, 159, 172, 281, n. 4. See also Candle; Light.\nTosafot, 316.\nTouch, ordeal of, 227 f.\nTransfer, of disease, 204; of dream, 244.\nTransubstantiation, controversy over doctrine of, 6.\nTraveller, escorting of, 45 f.; name to protect, 97. See also Journey.\nTreasure, hidden, methods of discovering, 224-227.\nTree, 102, 163, 183, 204, 255; inhabited by demons, 34, 276, n. 25. See also Nut tree.\nTreves, Jews of, accused of image magic, 7.\nTriads, comprising name of God, 95, 97.\nTrial, by blood, 227; of case between men and demons, 52 f.; by combat, 228; by duel, 228; by ordeal, 227-229.\nTrinities, of gods, 119.\nTubuas, 89.\nTubuel, 89.\nTuesday, 145, 254; night, 67. See also Wednesday, eve of.\nTurquoise, 138.\nTwelve Nights, 254.\nTwenty-one, 294, n. 12.\nTwenty-four, 294, n. 12.\nTyrnau, Jews of, accused of ritual murder, 8.\nTyrnau, Isaac, 316.\nUbaviel, 251.\nUnbeschrieen, 283, n. 26.\nUncleanness, spirits of, 26, 32, 35, 178, 179, 309, n. 31. See also Demons; Evil, powers of; Spirits, evil.\nUncleanness, state of, pronouncing name while in, 96.\nUnetanneh Tokef, dictated in dream, 234.\nUnlucky days, 254 f.\nUnnatural behavior, dread of, 163.\nUriel, 89, 98, 142, 151, 156, 162, 251.\nUrine, 126; used as medicament, 202, 203.\nUriron, 140.\nVampire, 29, 38 f.; mouth of, open after death, 14, 39. See also Estrie; Mare.\nVedas, used in bibliomancy, 105.\nVeil, worn by bride at wedding ceremony, 174.\nVentriloquist, 39.\nVenus (goddess), 43.\nVenus (planet), 100, 147, 251, 252, 253.\nVenusberg, 43.\nVergil, used in bibliomancy, 216.\nVerses, Biblical. See Biblical verses.\nVidduy, recited under water, 307, n. 14.\nVintler, Hans, cited, 242, 295, n. 23.\nVowels, importance of, in names of God, 91.\nVrauen B\u00fcchlein, 316.\nWachnacht, 42, 106, 157, 170 f.\nWar, planet that governs, 252; charm for victory in, 111, 112, 135, 137.\nWarts, to remove, 194.\nWasserkalb, 313, n. 14.\nWater, 70, 107, 123, 126, 129, 158,,60, 181, 185, 189, 190, 202, 204, 212, 213, 218, 252, 255, 289, n. 26, 294, n. 21; anti-demonic virtues of, 159; from a crossroad, 207; curative, 194 f.; divining with, 219, 307, n. 14; food of demons, 31; libation to spirits, 167; of miraculous spring, 182; not drunk on Saturday evening, 68; not drunk during Tekufah, 257 f.; ordeal by, 227; poured out at death, 57, 155, 176 f.; and salt, 175, 180; spirits that reside in, 40, 165, 279 f., n. 35, n. 45; turns to blood, 313, n. 14.\nWax, divining with, 220; image, magical use of, 6, 9, 71, 124 f. See also Image magic.\nWeather prediction, astrological, 253 f.; from omens, 212.\nWedding, 118, 160, 167, 239; breaking glass at, 172 f.; double, 55. See also Marriage.\nWednesday, 145, 254; eve of, 47. See also Tuesday, night.\nWegarich, 207.\nWells, dream omen, 243; drinking from, at night, 46; Jews accused of poisoning, 6; Miriam's, 195; pollution of, at Tekufah, 257 f.\nWerwolf, 38 f., 273, n. 2, 278, n. 34, 279, n. 40.\nWheat, 134; dream symbol, 239; scattered over bridal pair, 173.\nWhip, drives off demons, 159.\nWhirlwind, spirits in, 276, n. 28.\nWhite, 130, 131, 173, 187, 220, 239, 243.\nWhite magic, 22.\nWichtchen, 40.\nWilliam of Auvergne, 84, 126, 283, n. 17, 286, n. 7.\nWine, 207, 243; Communion, 195; dream symbol, 239; Jewish, healing power attributed to, 3; Kiddush, medicinal use of, 195; libation to spirits, 166, 167 f.; old, 122, 123, 131; use of, in marriage rites, 173.\nWisdom, acquired through gem, 137; acquired through magic name, 97, 101. See also Intelligence.\nWitch, 14, 15, 38, 45, 101, 125, 160, 162, 273, n. 2, 278; popular conception of, 13. See also Sorceress.\nWitch-cults, 9, 14, 15, 17, 272, n. 16, 276, n. 18, 282, n. 15.\nWolf, magician becomes, 39; night, type of demon, 279, n. 38.\nWoman, addiction to magic, attributed to, 16, 51, 116; demons seek union with, 50, 178; in divination, 217; forest, 279, n. 38; menstruating, 185, 190; as omen, 210; passing between men, 107, 190; pregnant, 157, 160, 161, 189, 239; precedes men in funeral procession, 178; role of, in magic, 16 f.\nWood, 33, 63, 70, 175, 190; knocking, 153. See also Hawthorn; Hazel; Myrtle; Oak.\nWords, barbarous, use of, 87; demons act upon chance, 56-60; magic, 80-83; mystical value of, 18; numerical value of, 262 f. See also Gematria.\nWorship of saints, 64.\nWriting, large, 297, n. 23. See also Letters, large.\nYa, 90. See also Yah.\nYah, 91, 140, 142, 143, 151, 260, 288, n. 9, n. 18, 289, n. 26. See also Ya.\nYahalom, 137.\nYar\u1e25iel, 260.\nYashfeh, 138.\nYau, 140.\nYe\u1e25iel of Paris, 19.\nYehu, 142.\nYeshamiel, 251.\nyhvh, 91, 98, 112, 139, 142, 151, 160,\n[paragraph continues] 288, n. 18, 289, n. 30. See also Ineffable name; Name of God, of 4 letters; Tetragrammaton.\nYiddish, 44, 74, 125, 225, 238.\nYofiel, 151.\nYom Kippur, 32, 106, 154, 163, 214, 215, 247, 253, 307, n. 14. See also Day of Atonement.\nZachriel, 99.\n\u1e92afniel, 99.\nZahlenquadrat, 142.\nZalman \u1e92evi, of Aufenhausen, cited, on Golem, 86.\nZayin (letter), 113.\n\u1e92ebaot, 139, 140, 288, n. 18. See also Sabaot; Sabbaoth.\nZebulun, 137.\nZedekiah, first Jewish physician in West, 5.\nZedekiah b. Abraham, 317.\nZeira, R., 84.\nZelioz, 90.\nZilpah, 313, n. 14.\nZimri, 137.\n\u1e92iyuni, Mena\u1e25em, 14, 22, 233, 316.","title":"Jewish Magic and Superstition: Index","type":"page"}