{"collection":"Native American","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/nam/ca/hut/hut03.htm","path":"nam/ca/hut/hut03.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/nam/ca/hut/hut03.htm","text":"a as in father.\n\u0101 nearly of the same quality, but of longer duration. It is used as a matter of convenience to distinguish a few words from others nearly like them.\nai as in aisle.\ne as in net.\n\u0113 as in they but lacking the vanish.\nei the sound of \u0113 followed by a vanish.\ni as in pin.\n\u012b as in pique.\n\u014d as in note.\no a more open sound than the last, nearly as in on.\noi as in boil.\n\u016b as in rule.\n\u00fb nearly as in but, a little nearer to a.\n\u00fb\nat faint sound like the last. Sometimes it is entirely wanting.\ny as in yes.\nw as in will.\nw an unvoiced w which occurs frequently at the end of syllables. When it follows vowels other than \u014d or \u016b it is preceded by a glide and is accordingly written uw.\nhw the preceding in the initial position. It has nearly the sound of wh in who.\nl as in let.\nL an unvoiced sound made with the tip of the tongue against the teeth, the breath being allowed to escape rather freely at one side of the tongue.\nL nearly like the preceding, but the sides of the tongue are held more firmly against the back teeth, resulting in a harsher sound often beginning with a slight explosion. Some speakers place the tip of the tongue in the alveolar position.\nm as in English.\nn usually as in English, but sometimes very short.\n\u00f1 as ng in sing.\nh as in English but somewhat stronger.\nx has the sound of jota in Spanish.\ns as in sit.\nz the corresponding voiced continuant; only after d and rare.\nc as sh in shall. It seldom occurs except after t.\nd is spoken with the tongue on the teeth.\nt an easily recognized, somewhat aspirated surd in the position of d.\nt an unaspirated surd which is distinguished from d with difficulty.\nk, ky a surd stop having the contact on the posterior third of the hard palate. Except before e, \u0113, i, and \u012b a glide is noticeable and has been written as y.\ng, gy the sonant of the preceding, occurs rarely.\nk when written before a back vowel (a, o, \u014d, \u00fb, \u016b) without a following y, stands for a surd nearly in the position of c in come, but the contact is very firm. The resulting sound is very harsh and quite unlike the English sound.\nq is a velar surd occurring only before back vowels.\ntc as ch in church.\ndj the corresponding voiced sound equivalent to j or soft g in English.","title":"Hupa Texts: Key to the Sounds Represented by the Characters Used","type":"page"}