{"collection":"Northern European Mythology","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/neu/ms1/ms102.htm","path":"neu/ms1/ms102.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/neu/ms1/ms102.htm","text":"Magic Songs of the West Finns, Vol. I, by John Abercromby, [1898]\n| | PAGE | \n| Value of Additional Letters of the Alphabet | xiii | \n| Full Titles of Books consulted and referred to | xiv | \n| Illustrations | xxiii | \n| | | \n| CHAPTER I | | \n| GEOGRAPHICAL, POSITION AND CRANIOLOGY OF THE FINNS | | \n| Geographical Position of the Western Finns | 3 | \n| Geographical Position of the Eastern Finns | 7 | \n| The \u010cudes | 13 | \n| Physical Features of the Country | 15 | \n| Physical and Mental Characteristics of the Finns | 17 | \n| The Mordvins | 21 | \n| The \u010ceremis | 26 | \n| The Votiaks | 28 | \n| Permians and Z\u1ecbrians | 29 | \n| Table I. | 32 | \n| Finnish Crania | 33 | \n| Tables II. and III. | 34, 35 | \n| Crania from the Baltic Provinces | 40 | \n| Table IV. | 42 | \n| Table V. | 45 | \n| Table VI. | 47 | \n| p. x | | \n| | | \n| CHAPTER II | | \n| | PAGE | \n| The Neolithic Age in Finland | 53 | \n| Neolithic Man or the Shores of Lake Ladoga and Eastwards | 58 | \n| Table VII. | 59 | \n| The Station of Kolomts\u1ecb | 65 | \n| Finds in Ol\u00f3nets | 66 | \n| The Valley of the Ok\u00e1 | 68 | \n| The Valley of the Volga | 73 | \n| The Government of Vi\u00e1tka | 76 | \n| The Government of Perm | 78 | \n| Neolithic Period in the Baltic Provinces | 80 | \n| General Conclusions | 84 | \n| The Bronze Age in Finland | 87 | \n| The Bronze Age in Northern Russia | 89 | \n| Fatianovo Crania | 92 | \n| The Bronze Age in the Baltic Provinces | 95 | \n| The Transition from Bronze to Iron | 96 | \n| The Earlier Iron Age in Finland | 101 | \n| The Earlier Iron Age in the Baltic Provinces | 103 | \n| Table VIII. facing | 109 | \n| The Earlier Iron Age in Eastern Russia | 117 | \n| | | \n| CHAPTER III | | \n| Historical Notices of Classical Authors, etc. | 126 | \n| | | \n| CHAPTER IV | | \n| THE PREHISTORIC CIVILISATION OF THE FINNS | | \n| The Gods and Divinities | 150 | \n| Clan Gods | 162 | \n| Beliefs, Wizards | 168 | \n| Ancestral Worship | 176 | \n| p. xi | | \n| | PAGE | \n| The Family | 179 | \n| Classifactory System of Relationship | 185 | \n| Mutual Avoidance | 194 | \n| Personal Names | 195 | \n| The House, Domestic Occupations, etc. | 197 | \n| The Metals | 204 | \n| Domestic Animals | 213 | \n| Tree-Names | 222 | \n| Reasons for supposing that the Finns have been in Europe since the beginning of the Neolithic Period in North Central Russia | 224 | \n| Table IX., showing the Range of forty-nine Culture-Words | 225 | \n| | | \n| CHAPTER V | | \n| The Third or Iranian Period | 228 | \n| The Volga, the old Trade Route | 239 | \n| The Fourth or Lithuanian Period | 242 | \n| The Fifth or Proto-Scandinavian Period | 249 | \n| Geographical Position of the West Finns at this time | 255 | \n| The Sixth or Early Slav Period | 257 | \n| The Seventh or Tatar Period | 260 | \n| Loan-Words of the Mordvins | 261 | \n| Loan Words of the \u010ceremis | 264 | \n| Loan-Words of the Votiaks | 266 | \n| | | \n| CHAPTER VI | | \n| BELIEFS OF THE WEST FINNS AS EXHIBITED IN THE MAGIC SONGS | | \n| Spirits | 271 | \n| Ukko | 273 | \n| Ilmarinen | 278 | \n| p. xii | | \n| V\u00e4in\u00e4m\u00f6inen | 280 | \n| Tapio and the Divinities of the Forest | 285 | \n| Hiisi | 292 | \n| Lempo | 299 | \n| Water-Spirits\u2014Ahti, Vellamo, etc. | 300 | \n| Earth-Spirits, S\u00e4mps\u00e4 Pellervoinen | 302 | \n| Luonto (Nature)\u2014Luonnotar | 306 | \n| Maidens of the Air, of Springs, etc. | 309 | \n| Pohjola | 314 | \n| Lapland, Turja | 318 | \n| Personifications of Death\u2014Kalma, Tuoni, Mana | 320 | \n| Sun, Moon, Great Bear | 323 | \n| Elves, Brownies | 326 | \n| Giants\u2014Tursas, Turilas | 328 | \n| Rahkoi | 329 | \n| Perkele, Piru | 329 | \n| God, the Creator | 331 | \n| Jesus, Mary | 335 | \n| Saints | 339 | \n| Kaleva | 341 | \n| Wizards, Sorcerers, etc. | 344 | \n| Disease | 348 | \n| Inducements to depart | 349 | \n| Places whither Diseases are conjured | 351 | \n| Instruments | 353 | \n| Defensive Precautions | 354 | \n| Helpers | 355 | \n| Precedents | 358 | \n| Blessing and Cursing | 359 | \n| Offerings, Worship | 362 |","title":"Magic Songs of the West Finns, Vol. I: Contents","type":"page"}