{"collection":"pac","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/pac/om/om29.htm","path":"pac/om/om29.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/pac/om/om29.htm","text":"References given in the Notes refer to the full titles in the Bibliography. Where an author has written more than one volume or article, the date following the author's name in the note indicates to which of the several works of this author reference is made.\n1 P. 3.\n2 White, i. 18.\n3 Andersen, p. 127 (modified from Shortland, p. 12).\n5 R. Taylor, p. 109.\n6 For other versions see R. Taylor, p. 111; Cowan, p. 104.\n7 Smith, 1913, p. 136.\n8 Smith, 1913, p. 117.\n9 White, i. 18, 27.\n10 Smith, 1913, p. 117.\n11 Shand, 1894, p. 121; id. 1895, p. 33.\n12 Cf. Shand, 1895, p. 35.\n13 Von den Steinen, pp. 506-07.\n14 Fornander, i. 63.\n15 Yet it may be noted that in Maori mythology Tangaroa is a deity in regard to whose origin there is much confusion, for he is described both as the son and the brother-in-law of Rangi (see Smith, 1913, p. 118) and as the son of Te-more-tu (\"Ultimate Space\") (see White, i. 24). This might indicate a belief in the priority of Tangaroa over Rangi.\n16 Smith, 1913, pp. 110 ff.\n18 Moerenhout, i. 419-23 (retranslated in Fornander, i. 221-73).\n19 Ellis, i. 250.\n20 Hongi, pp. 113 ff.\n21 Gill, 1876, pp. 1 ff.\n22 This is inferred from the brief abstracts of myths given by von den Steinen, whose abundant materials have not yet been published.\n23 Bastian, 1881, pp. 69-121.\n24 Bastian, 1881, p. 70.\n25 Perhaps a trace of this sequence of life-forms may be seen in the Maori order of creation; see Smith, 1913, p. 136.\n26 Fornander, i. 61 ff.\n27 The more or less detailed creation-myth given by Fornander is not to be taken seriously, for it bears too many clear evidences of missionary teaching to have any value in this connexion.\n28 Stuebel, p. 59; cf. von B\u00fclow, 1899, pp. 60 ff.\n29 Cf. Marquesas, supra, p. 10, and see also Christian, p. 187.\n30 Turner, 1884, p. 4.\n31 Stuebel, p. 60. For other similar versions see Kr\u00e4mer, 1906, p. 515; Turner, 1884, p. 6.\n32 Mariner, passim; Reiter, pp. 236 ff.\n33 Stuebel, pp. 59 ff. For other versions see Turner, 1861, pp. 244-45; id. 1884, pp. 7 ff.\n34 Cf. the Heaven Father and Earth Mother theme in New Zealand.\n35 Turner, 1884, p. 7.\n36 Reiter, pp. 444 ff.\n37 Bovis, p. 45.\n38 Cf. the Maori \"Io,\" and see Smith, 1913, pp. 110 ff.\n39 Radiguet, pp. 228 ff.\n40 Fraser, 1891, p. 264; also Kr\u00e4mer, 1906, p. 514.\n41 Ellis, i. 251.\n42 Fison, pp. 139 ff.\n43 For discussion of this episode of the fishing up of the land see infra, p. 44.\n44 Henry, pp. 51 ff.\n45 Ellis, i. 100; cf. Society Group, Tyerman and Bennett, ii. 175.\n46 Polack, i. 17. This author has, however, been regarded as unreliable, so that this statement must be accepted with caution.\n47 For this type in Samoa see Turner, 1884, p. 7; Society Group, Ellis, i. 96, 249; Marquesas, Radiguet, p. 228; Cook Group, Williams, p. 81; Hawaii, Fornander, i. 62, 211.\n48 Von den Steinen, p. 507.\n49 White, i. 149, 155.\n50 Another very brief version merely states that Tiki was the first man, and Ma-riko-riko (\"Glimmer\") the first woman, the latter being created by Arohi-rohi (\"Mirage\") from the warmth of the Sun and Echo; see White, i. 151.\n51 White, i. 155\n52 Fornander, i. 62.\n53 Ellis, i. 96.\n54 Shortland, p. 20.\n55 White, i. 158.\n56 For other variants see White, i. 133, 159, 162; Smith, 1913, p. 138.\n57 Ellis, i. 98. Tii is said to be regarded as one with Taaroa, ib. p. 99; for still another version see ib. p. 97.\n58 Radiguet, p. 229.\n59 White, i. 21.\n60 Gill, 1876, p. 16.\n61 Garcia, pp. 5 ff.\n62 Bastian, 1881, p. 73.\n63 Cf. the Maori version supra, Note 50, where the first woman is formed from the warmth of the Sun and Echo.\n64 Malo, p. 23.\n65 Still another version gives the divine ancestors as Wakea (Atea, Vatea) and Papa (Malo, p. 23).\n66 Ellis, i. 99; J. R. Forster, p. 551.\n67 White, i. 154.\n68 White, i. 152.\n69 Turner, 1861, p. 744; for other versions see id. 1884, p. 7; Fraser, 1891, p. 274; Kr\u00e4mer, 1906, p. 514; Stuebel, p. 59; Smith, 18983 p. 153; Stair, 1896, p. 35.\n70 Fison, p. 161.\n71 Cook, ii. 239.\n72 The episode of the origin of man from worms occurs also in New Guinea; see Haddon, 1904, p. 17.\n73 Shand, 1894, p. 128.\n74 Stuebel, pp. 75, 145, 151, 155; Abercromby, 1891, p. 460.\n75 For the New Hebrides see Codrington, p. 406; for New Guinea (Kuni), see Egidi, 1913, p. 1002; (Jabim) Zahn, p. 373; (Kai) Keysser, p. 189; (Tami) Bamler, p. 540; New Britain, Meier, 1909, pp. 25, 205; Admiralty Islands, id. 1907, p. 651.\n76 Smith, 1902, p. 203.\n77 White, i. 144. Cf. for Borneo, Nieuwenhuis, ii. 113. An origin from a tree occurs very commonly in Indonesia, see infra, p. 168, and is also reported from New Guinea (Elema), Holmes, p. 126, and from Australia, see infra, p. 274.\n78 Smith, 1913, p. 117.\n79 The number of these is given as seventy; see Smith, 1913, p. lig.\n80 Smith, 1913, p. 117.\n81 Grey, pp. 117.\n82 White, i. 46 ff.\n83 For other Maori versions see White, i. 25, 26, 52, 138, 141, 161; also Best, p. 115; Wohlers, p. 7; Shortland, p. 20; Smith, 1913, p. 121.\n84 Shand, 1894, p. 121.\n85 Pakoti, p. 66.\n86 For other versions see Gill, 1876, pp. 59, 71; Smith, 1899, p. 64. These, however, ascribe at least part of the task to Maui. See infra, pp. 50 ff.\n87 Ellis, i. 100; Moerenhout, i. 446.\n88 Bastian, 1894, p. 32; Fraser, 1891, p. 266; Turner, 1861, p. 245; cf. also Smith, 1903b, p. 98 (Nieue).\n89 Turner, 1884, p. 283.\n90 Malo, p. 36, note 5.\n91 Efate, Macdonald, 1892, p. 731.\n92 Mindanao (Manobo), Beyer, p. 89; (Bagobo) Benedict, p. 16; Luzon (Ifugao), Beyer, p. 105.\n95 Cook Group, Smith, 1899, pp. 647-71; Gill, 1876, p. 59; Manihiki, ib. p. 71; Hawaii, Westervelt, 1910, p. 31; Nieue, Smith, 1903b, p. 98; Samoa, Pritchard, p. 14; Turner, 1861, p. 246.\n96 White, i. 52. For other versions see ib. i. 25, 49, 138; and cf. also, for Hawaii, Fornander, i. 73.\n97 White, i. 49; but cf. Smith, 1913, p. 137.\n98 One account makes the sun the eye of Maui, and the moon that of his brother; see Polack, i. 16.\n99 Ellis, i. 97, 250.\n100 Bastian, 1894, p. 32.\n101 Gill, 1876, p. 3.\n102 Gill, 1876, p. 44; Fraser, 1891, p. 76.\n103 This myth, apparently not recorded elsewhere in Polynesia, shows possible resemblances to one from Celebes, according to which the sun, moon, and stars were made from the body of a girl; see Graafland, i. 232.\n104 Ellis, i. 98; J. R. Forster, p. 539; G. Forster, ii. 151.\n105 Fornander, i. 62, 73.\n106 Ellis, i. 97; cf., for Nauru, Hambruch, p. 382.\n107 Stuebel, p. 59.\n108 Von den Steinen, p. 505.\n109 Turner, 1884, p. 6.\n110 New Hebrides, Codrington, p. 370; Macdonald, 1898, p. 760; New Guinea, Seligmann, p. 402; Ker, p. 26; New Britain, Rascher, p. 230; Bley, p. 198, 200; Meier, 1909, p. 109.\n111 For other versions see White, i. 25, 26, 52, 145.\n112 White, i. 138, 143; Wohlers, p. 7.\n113 Borneo, St John, i. 213; W. Chalmers (see H. L. Roth, 1896, 307).\n114 Carolines, Walleser, p. 609.\n116 White, i. 55.\n117 White, i. 114.\n118 Grey, p. 61.\n119 Thrum, p. 37; cf. Malo, p. 310.\n120 Fornander, i. 89; cf. also Moerenhout, i. 571.\n121 Gill, 1888, p. 80.\n122 A somewhat similar tale is found in Nias; see infra, p. 181.\n123 Von B\u00fclow, 1895, p. 139.\n124 Von B\u00fclow, 1898, p. 81.\n125 White, i. 166, 172.\n126 Fornander, i. 90.\n127 Fornander, i. 91.","title":"Oceanic Mythology: Notes: Part I, Chapter I","type":"page"}