{"collection":"pac","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/pac/om/om31.htm","path":"pac/om/om31.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/pac/om/om31.htm","text":"1 White, i. 54 ff.; Grey, pp. 59, 81, 108.\n2 White, i. 82.\n3 The Tahitian versions give a different reason for the death of Hema; see Leverd, 1911, p. 176; id. 1912, p. 7. The Hawaiian version is still different; see Fornander, ii. 17.\n4 In some versions this adventure relates to Tawhaki's grandmother, and not his mother.\n5 By some accounts the meeting with the blind woman takes place only after Tawhaki has climbed up to the sky, in which attempt his brother, Karihi, falls and is killed. In these versions, Tawhaki takes Karihi's eyes with him and gives them to his blind ancestress, thus restoring her sight; see White, i. go, 128. For still different methods of restoring the sight, as told in other islands, see for Manihiki, Gill, 1876, p. 66; Mangaia, ib. p. 113; Nieuc, Smith, 1903b, p. 94; Tahiti, Leverd, 1912, p. 10; Samoa, Sierich, 1902, p. 178.\n6 For the Hawaiian version of Rata see Thrum, p. 111.\n7 Cf. the cannibal bird which carried off Hema in the Hawaiian version (Fornander, ii. 16, and note 2), and also the more definite description in the Tahitian form (Leverd, 1910, p. 181). There is a suggestion here of the giant birds (garudas?), sometimes of cannibalistic character, which occur in Indonesian tales, e. g., Borneo, Sundermann, 1912, p. 183; Halmahera, van Dijken, p. 257.\n8 White, i. 119; Wohlers, p. 15. Cf. for Tahiti Leverd, 1911, p. 175.\n9 Gill, 1876, p. 234; for a Melanesian parallel from the Admiralty Islands see Meier, 1907, p. 936.\n10 Romilly, 1893, p. 143.\n11 Leverd, 1911, p. 173; id. 1912, p. 1.\n12 For other examples of a sky-deity coming down to marry a mortal man see Smith, 1910, p. 86. In the Tahitian versions, the way in which Hema, the father of Tawhaki, secures his wife is also suggestive of the \"swan-maiden\" theme; see Leverd, 1912, p. 5; id. 1911, p. 175.\n13 Macdonald, 1892, p. 731; id. 1898, p. 765; Suas, 1912, p. 54; Codrington, pp. 172, 397.\n14 Nufoor, van Hasselt, pp. 534, 543.\n15 See infra, pp. 206 ff.\n16 The scatalogic incidents of the Maori myth (White, i. 96) reappear in closely similar form in Tahiti (Gill, 1876, p. 255).\n17 Fornander, i. 191.\n18 Gill, 1876, p. 251; Leverd, 1912, p. ii.\n19 Leverd, 1912, p. 9.\n21 Leverd, 1912, p. 9.\n22 New Hebrides, Suas, 1912, p. 66; Solomon Islands, Fox and Drew, p. 206.\n23 Sumatra (Batak), Pleyte, 1905, p. 352.\n24 Samoa, Tonga, and Fiji, Mariner, ii. 116; New Britain, von Pfeil, p. 149; Parkinson, p. 688; Meier, 1909, p. 85; see also Celebes, Adriani, 1902b, p. 210. Cf. also Manihiki, Gill, 1915, p. 151.\n25 Kalakaua, p. 476.\n26 Codrington, p. 383, note.\n27 Walleser, p. 616.\n28 New Hebrides, Macdonald, 1898, p. 767; New Guinea (Bilibili), Dempwolff, p. 86; (Kai) Keysser, p. 209.\n29 Celebes, Hickson, p. 244.\n30 Celebes, Graafland, i. 232.\n31 Fornander, ii. 16.\n32 Fornander, ii. 15, 17, note 2.\n33 Celebes, Adriani, 1910, p. 246; Matthes, p. 434; Philippines (Subanun), Christie, p. 96.\n34 White, i. 71.\n35 Smith, 1904, pp. 102\n36 Westervelt (quoted in JPS xx. 172 [1911]).\n37 Leverd, 1910, p. 176.\n38 Hawaii, Thrum, p. 111; Tahiti, Leverd, 1910, p. 178; Rarotonga, Savage, p. 147; Mangaia, Gill, 1876, p. 82; Aitutaki, ib. p. 143; Samoa, Stuebel, p. 148; Stair, 1895, p. 100; Union Group, Gill, 1912, p. 52. In Samoa it is Rata himself who restores the tree when others cut it down.\n39 New Caledonia, Lambert, p. 329; Banks Islands, Codrington, p. 159; Santa Cruz, O'Ferral, p. 227; New Guinea (Taupota), Seligmann, p. 403; (Kuni) Egidi, 1913, p. 999; (Bilibili) Dempwolff, p. 76; (Jabim) Zahn, p. 390; (Tami) Bamler, p. 531.\n40 Borneo, Gomes, p. 311; Philippines (Igorot), Seidenadel, p. 539.\n41 New Guinea (Nufoor), van Hasselt, p. 530.\n42 Halmahera (Loda), van Baarda, p. 409.\n43 Solomon Islands, Codrington, p. 36S; Torres Straits, Haddon, 1904. p. 89; New Caledonia, Lambert, p. 345; Admiralty Islands, Meier, 1908, p. 206; New Britain, Meier, 1909, p. 197; New Guinea (Jabim), Zahn, p. 362. Cf. also Nauru, Hambruch, p. 426; Halmahera (Loda), van Baarda, pp. 427, 469; Sangir Islands, Adriani, 1894, p. 33; Soemba, Wielenga, p. 251; Sumatra (Achin), Hurgronje, ii. 127.\n44 Torres Islands, Codrington, p. 375; New Britain, Meier, 1909, p. 185; New Ireland, Peekel, p. 69. These correspondences are, however, somewhat doubtful.\n45 Malays, Brandes, 1894b, p. 63; Sunda, Kern, 1900, p. 376.\n46 Kalakaua, p. 488.\n47 Baessler, 1005, p. 922; Leverd, 1912, p. 2.\n48 New Hebrides, Codrington, p. 402; New Guinea (Moresby), Romilly, 1889, p. 125; (Tami) Bamler, p. 535; (Nufoor) van Hasselt, p. 526.\n49 Celebes (Toradja), Adriani, 1902a, p. 461.\n50 White, i. 82, 86; Grey, p. 81. The incident of the visit to Rehua is also told of Tane; see White, i. 134, 145.\n51 Gill, 1876, p. 88.\n52 Shand, 1895, p. 39, note.\n53 Westervelt, 1910, p. 125.\n54 (Sulka) Rascher, p. 230.\n55 Meier, 1908, p. 197.\n56 Tahiti, Leverd, 1912, p. 8; Hawaii, Kalakaua, p. 478; Celebes (Minahassa), Hickson, p. 311; P. N. Wilken, p. 324; Halmahera (Tobelo), Hueting, pp. 76, 161.\n57 White, ii. 4; Smith, 1913, p. 182.\n58 White, i. 131, 136, 145; Wohlers, p. 9.\n60 Cf. the remarkable parallel in Japan, Chamberlain, p. 34.\n61 White, i. 147.\n62 Gill, 1876, p. 221.\n63 Thrum, p. 43; J. S. Emerson, p. 37; cf. New Zealand, Hongi, 1896, p. 118.\n64 Cf. Thrum, p. 86.\n65 Cf. Halmahera (Loda), van Baarda, p. 433; also perhaps New Guinea (Bilibili), Dempwolff, p. 70; (Jabim) Zahn, p. 389; (Tami) Bamler, p. 530.\n66 Cf. Banks Islands, Codrington, p. 277.\n67 Cf. New Zealand, Hongi, 1896, p. 119.\n68 White, ii. 163; see also Hongi, 1896, p. 118.\n70 Banks Islands, Codrington, p. 277; New Hebrides, ib. p. 286; cf. also New Guinea (Kai), Keysser, pp. 204, 237; Celebes (Minahassa), P. N. Wilken, p. 330. This incident does not seem to have been recorded elsewhere in Polynesia; but the reverse idea, that the eating of earthly food is fatal to denizens of the underworld, is known from Tonga; see Mariner, ii. 115.\n71 One may perhaps compare this with the use of the method of bending and snapping back a tree to kill an enemy in the following places: Banks Islands, Codrington, p. 165; New Hebrides, Suas, 1912, p. 66; Halmahera (Loda), van Baarda, p. 441.\n72 Stuebel, p. 151.\n73 Efate, Macdonald, 1898, p. 765.\n74 Codrington, p. 277.\n75 (Kai) Keysser, p. 213.\n76 White, ii. 9, 12.\n78 Gill, 1876, p. 265.\n79 Smith, 1903b, p. 102.\n80 Romilly, 1893, p. 144.\n81 O'Ferral, p. 231.\n82 Marshall Islands, Erdland, p. 243. Cf. also Malay Peninsula, Skeat and Blagden, ii. 336; India, Kath\u00e2sarits\u00e2gara, tr. C. H. Tawney, Calcutta, 1880, i. 227.\n83 White, ii. 37.\n85 White, ii. 141; cf. Grey, p. 99.\n88 For other versions of this tale see White, ii. 127; Grey, p. 9.\n89 White, ii. 167.\n91 This incident of inanimate objects replying in place of a fugitive seems not to be recorded elsewhere in Polynesia. It is, however, known in Melanesia: New Guinea (Goodenough Bay), Ker, p. 32; (Cape King William) Stolz, p. 274; (Jabim) Zahn, p. 337; (Nufoor) van Hasselt, p. 526; New Ireland, Peekel, p. 29. It also occurs in Funafuti, David, p. 102, and widely in Indonesia: Halmahera (Galela), van Dijken, p. 264; (Loda) van Baarda, pp. 434, 455; (Tobelo) Hueting, p. 120; Sangir Islands, Adriani, 1894) p. 55; Celebes (Toradja), Adriani, 1898, p. 373; Philippines (Bagobo), Benedict, p. 43.\n92 Grey, p. 123.\n93 Halmahera (Galela), van Dijken, p. 207; Celebes (Toradja), Adriani, 1902a, p. 407; (Minahassa) P. N. Wilken, p. 382; Riedel, 1869c, p. 314; Philippines (Visayan), Maxfield and Millington, 1907, p. 317; Bayliss, p. 47; (Bagobo) Benedict, p. 60; (Tinguian) Cole, 1915, p. 195; Marshall Islands, Erdland, p. 247; Borneo (Kenya), Hose and Macdougal, ii. 148; India, J\u00e2taka, No. 543.\n94 White, ii. 20.\n95 White, ii. 21.\n96 Gill, 1876, p. 45.\n97 Nakuina, p. 101 (reprinted in Thrum, p. 133).\n98 Celebes (Tontemboan), Juynboll, p. 323.\n99 Gilbert Islands, Kr\u00e4mer, p. 434.\n100 New Guinea (Kai), Keysser, p. 215.\n101 Halmahera (Loda), van Baarda, p. 467; Sangir Islands, Adriani, 1894, p. 64; Rotti, Jonker, 1905, 413; Java (Bantam), Pleyte, 1910, p. 135; Philippines (Igorot), Seidenadel, p. 562.\n102 New Britain (Sulka), Rascher, p. 234.\n103 Forbes, 1882, p. 36 (reprinted in Thrum, p. 63).\n104 New Britain (Gazelle Peninsula), Kleintitschen, p. 339; Meier, 1909, p. 211.\n105 Nauru, Hambruch, p. 406.","title":"Oceanic Mythology: Notes: Part I, Chapter III","type":"page"}