{"collection":"Zoroastrianism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/zor/sbe05/sbe0576.htm","path":"zor/sbe05/sbe0576.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/zor/sbe05/sbe0576.htm","text":"Pahlavi Texts, Part I (SBE05), E.W. West, tr. [1880]\n0. In the name of God (yazd\u00e2n) I write a paragraph (bab\u00e2) where the sins which are as it were small are mentioned one by one.\n1. The least sin is a Farm\u00e2n; and a Farm\u00e2n is three coins of five annas 2, some say three coins. 2. An \u00c2gerept is, as regards whatever weapon (sn\u00eas) men strike with in the world, whenever the weapon is taken in hand; and taken up by any one four finger-breadths from the ground it is the root 3 of an\n[paragraph continues] \u00c2gerept for him;. and the retribution and punishment for an \u00c2gerept should be fifty-three dirhams (g\u00fbgan) 1. 3. When the weapon turns downwards it is the root of an Av\u00f4\u00eerist for him, and his sentence (d\u00een\u00e2) is to be changed; his retribution and punishment should be seventy-three dirhams 2, which is when anything further occurs. 4. When he shall lay the weapon on any one it is the root of an Ared\u00fbs for him, and his retribution and punishment are thirty st\u00eers; if the wound thereby made by him be one-fifth of a span (d\u00eest) 3 it is no root of an Ared\u00fbs for him, and his retribution and punishment are the same thirty st\u00eers.\n5. I write the degrees of sin:\u2014A Sr\u00f4sh\u00f4-karan\u00e2m 4 is three coins and a half, a Farm\u00e2n is a Sr\u00f4sh\u00f4-karan\u00e2m, an \u00c2gerept is sixteen st\u00eers, an Av\u00f4\u00eerist is twenty-five st\u00eers, an Ared\u00fbs is thirty, a Kh\u00f4r is sixty, a B\u00e2z\u00e2\u00ee is ninety, a Y\u00e2t is a hundred and eighty, and a Tan\u00e2p\u00fbhar is three hundred 5.\n6. The good works which are in the ceremonial\nworship of the sacred beings (yazisn-i yazd\u00e2n):\u2014Consecrating a sacred cake (dr\u00f4n) 1 is a good work of one Tan\u00e2p\u00fbhar 2; a form of worship (yast) 3 is a hundred Tan\u00e2p\u00fbhars; a Visparad 4 is a thousand Tan\u00e2p\u00fbhars; a D\u00f4-h\u00f4m\u00e2st 5 is ten thousand; a Dv\u00e2zdah-h\u00f4m\u00e2st is a hundred thousand, and the merit (kirfak) of every one which is performed with holy-water is said to be a hundred to one; a H\u00e2d\u00f4kht 6 is two thousand Tan\u00e2p\u00fbhars, and with holy-water it becomes a hundred to one 7.\n379:2 Reading 3 n\u00fbm\u00e2\u00ee-i 5 \u00e2nak, but this is uncertain, and if correct must have been written in India, as the anna is an Indian coin worth nearly three halfpence. The coin of five annas was probably a dirham, as the dirham being about fifty grains of silver (see note on g\u00fbgan in Chap. I, 2), and the r\u00fbp\u00ee having formerly been less than 180 grains in Gugar\u00e2t, the former would be nearly five-sixteenths of the latter, that is, five annas. It may, therefore, be assumed that the amount of the Farm\u00e2n is here taken at three dirhams, as in Chap. XI, 2; but in \u00a7 5 it appears to be 3\u00bd dirhams, and in Chap. I, 2 as much as sixteen dirhams.\n379:3 See Chap. II, 69, note.\n380:1 \u00a7 5 says sixteen st\u00eers, which, if equivalent to these fifty-three dirhams, would imply 3 5/16 dirhams to the st\u00eer, instead of four as usually stated. (see Chap. I, 2). The amounts mentioned in Chaps. I, 2, XI, 2 are very different.\n380:2 \u00a7 5 says twenty-five st\u00eers, which, at 3 5/16 dirhams to the st\u00eer (as in the case of \u00c2gerept), would be very nearly eighty-three dirhams, which is probably the number we ought to read in the text, and also, possibly, in Chap. XI, 2.\n380:3 The d\u00eest is a span of ten finger-breadths (about 7\u00bd inches) between the thumb and middle finger (see Bund. XXVI, 3, note).\n380:4 See Chap. IV, 14, note. Comparing the amount here mentioned with that of the Farm\u00e2n in \u00a7 1, the Sr\u00f4sh\u00f4-karan\u00e2m, which is here made equal to the Farm\u00e2n, appears to amount to 3\u00bd dirhams, which agrees very nearly with the statement in Chap. X, 24, but differs from that in Chap. XI, 2.\n380:5 For similar scales of degrees, see Chaps. I, 2, XI, 2.\n381:1 See Chap. III, 32. The Persian Riv\u00e2yats explain that this is when the proper ritual is merely recited, without using the sacred twigs and other ceremonial apparatus; when the twigs are used the merit is ten times as great.\n381:2 That is, sufficient to counterbalance a Tan\u00e2p\u00fbhar sin (see Chap. I, 1, 2).\n381:3 A Yast is a formula of praise in honour of some particular angel; when recited with all the accessories of sacred twigs and other ceremonial apparatus, the merit is ten times as great as is mentioned in the text.\n381:4 The Visparad service includes the Yasna, and when performed with the use of the sacred twigs, holy-water, and other ceremonial apparatus the merit is ten times as great as here stated; some authorities say it is a hundred times as great.\n381:5 This kind of H\u00f4m\u00e2st is not mentioned in Dast\u00fbr J\u00e2m\u00e2spji's explanation of this species of religious service (see B. Yt. II, 59, note); it occurs, however, in the N\u00eerangist\u00e2n as a distinct kind, though called merely H\u00f4m\u00e2st in the Persian Riv\u00e2yats.\n381:6 See B. Yt. III, 25.\n381:7 The merits of other prayers and ceremonies are detailed in the Persian Riv\u00e2yats; thus, that of the ordinary recital of a Vendidad (which includes both Yasna and Visparad) is sixty thousand Tan\u00e2p\u00fbhars, and when with sacred twigs and holy-water it is a hundred thousand; that of the recital of any Ny\u00e2yis (see Chap. VII, 4), or of taking and retaining a prayer (v\u00e2g, see Chap. III, 6) inwardly, is one Tan\u00e2p\u00fbhar.","title":"Pahlavi Texts, Part I: Sh\u00e2yast l\u00e2-Sh\u00e2yast: Chapter XVI","type":"page"}