{"collection":"Zoroastrianism","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/browse/zor/vdsbe.htm","path":"zor/vdsbe.htm","source_url":"https://sacred-texts.com/zor/vdsbe.htm","text":"AVESTA: Vendidad (English)\nTranslated by James Darmesteter (From Sacred Books of the East,\nAmerican Edition, 1898.)\nCONTENTS:\nFargard 1: Sixteen perfect lands created by Ahura Mazda,\n and as many plagues created by Angra Mainyu\nFargard 2: Myths of Yima\nFargard 3: The Earth\nFargard 4: Contracts and offenses\nFargard 5: Purity laws\nFargard 6: Purity laws\nFargard 7: Purity laws\nFargard 8: Purity laws\nFargard 9: The Nine Nights' Barashnum\nFargard 10: Formulas recited during the process of cleansing\nFargard 11: Special formulas for cleansing several objects\nFargard 12: The Upaman: how long it lasts for different relatives\nFargard 13: The dog\nFargard 14: Atoning for the murder of a water-dog\nFargard 15: Regarding certain sins and obligations\nFargard 16: Purity laws regarding menstruation\nFargard 17: Disposing of hair and nails\nFargard 18\nFargard 19\nFargard 20: Thrita and the origin of medicine\nFargard 21:\nFargard 22: Angra Mainyu creates 99,999 diseases; Ahura Mazda counters\n with the Holy Manthra and with Airyaman\n--------------------------------------------\nFARGARD 1.\n----------\nSixteen perfect lands created by Ahura Mazda, and as many\nplagues created by Angra Mainyu. \n1.\n Ahura Mazda spake unto Spitama Zarathushtra, saying: I have\nmade every land dear (to its people), even though it had no charms\nwhatever in it: had I not made every land dear (to its people),\neven though it had no charms whatever in it, then the whole living\nworld would have invaded the Airyana Vaeja.\n2.\n [Clause 2 in the Vendidad Sada is composed of Zend quotations\nin the Commentary that illustrate the alternative process of creation:\n'First, Ahura Mazda would create a land of such kind that its\ndwellers might like it, and there could be nothing more delightful.\nThen he who is all death would bring against it a counter-creation.']\n \nThe first of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda,\ncreated, was the Airyana Vaeja, by the Vanguhi Daitya.\nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\nthe serpent in the river and Winter, a work of the Daevas.\n3.\n There are ten winter months there, two summer months; and\nthose are cold for the waters, cold for the earth, cold for the\ntrees. Winter falls there, the worst of all plagues.\n4.\n The second of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura\nMazda, created, was the plain [Doubtful] which the Sughdhas inhabit.\n \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\nthe locust, which brings death unto cattle and plants.\n5.\n The third of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda,\ncreated, was the strong, holy Mouru. \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\nplunder and sin [Doubtful].\n6.\n The fourth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura\nMazda, created, was the beautiful Bakhdhi with high-lifted banner.\n \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\nthe ants and the ant-hills.\n7.\n The fifth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda,\ncreated, was Nisaya, that lies between the Mouru and Bakhdhi.\n \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\nthe sin of unbelief.\n8.\n The sixth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda,\ncreated, was the house-deserting Haroyu. \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\ntears and wailing.\n9.\n The seventh of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura\nMazda, created, was Vaekereta, of the evil shadows. \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\nthe Pairika Knathaiti, who claves unto Keresaspa.\n10.\n The eighth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura\nMazda, created, was Urva of the rich pastures. \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\nthe sin of pride.\n11.\n The ninth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda,\ncreated, was Khnenta which the Vehrkanas inhabit. \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\na sin for which there is no atonement, the unnatural sin.\n12.\n The tenth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda,\ncreated, was the beautiful Harahvaiti. \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\na sin for which there is no atonement, the burying of the dead.\n13.\n The eleventh of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura\nMazda, created, was the bright, glorious Haetumant. \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\nthe evil work of witchcraft.\n14.\n And this is the sign by which it is known, this is that by\nwhich it is seen at once: wheresoever they may go and raise a\ncry of sorcery, there the worst works of witchcraft go forth.\nFrom there they come to kill and strike at heart, and they bring\nlocusts as many as they want.\n15.\n The twelfth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura\nMazda, created, was Ragha of the three races. \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\nthe sin of utter unbelief.\n16.\n The thirteenth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura\nMazda, created, was the strong, holy Chakhra. \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\na sin for which there is no atonement, the cooking of corpses.\n17.\n The fourteenth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura\nMazda, created, was the four-cornered Varena, for which was born\nThraetaona, who smote Azi Dahaka. \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\nabnormal issues in women, and barbarian oppression.\n18.\n The fifteenth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura\nMazda, created, was the Seven Rivers. \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\nabnormal issues in women, and excessive heat.\n19.\n The sixteenth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura\nMazda, created, was the land by the sources (?) of the Rangha,\nwhere people live who have no chiefs. \nThereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he counter-created\nWinter, a work of the Daevas.\n20.\n There are still other lands and countries, beautiful and deep,\nlonging and asking for the good, and bright.\nFARGARD 2.\n----------\nMyths of Yima \n1.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: O Ahura Mazda, most beneficent\nSpirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Who was the\nfirst mortal, before myself, Zarathushtra, with whom thou, Ahura\nMazda, didst converse, whom thou didst teach the Religion of Ahura,\nthe Religion of Zarathushtra? 2. Ahura Mazda answered: The fair\nYima, the good shepherd, O holy Zarathushtra! he was the first\nmortal, before thee, Zarathushtra, with whom I, Ahura Mazda, did\nconverse, whom I taught the Religion of Ahura, the Religion of\nZarathushtra. 3. Unto him, O Zarathushtra, I, Ahura Mazda, spake,\nsaying: 'Well, fair Yima, son of Vivanghat, be thou the preacher\nand the bearer of my Religion!' And the fair Yima, O Zarathushtra,\nreplied unto me, saying: 'I was not born, I was not taught to\nbe the preacher and the bearer of thy Religion.'\n4.\n Then I, Ahura Mazda, said thus unto him, O Zarathushtra: 'Since\nthou dost not consent to be the preacher and the bearer of my\nReligion, then make thou my world increase, make my world grow:\nconsent thou to nourish, to rule, and to watch over my world.'\n5.\n And the fair Yima replied unto me, O Zarathushtra, saying:\n'Yes! I will make thy world increase, I will make thy world grow.\nYes! I will nourish, and rule, and watch over thy world. There\nshall be, while I am king, neither cold wind not hot wind, neither\ndisease nor death.'\n6.\n []Vd2.6 is composed of unconnected Zend quotations,\nwhich are no part of the text and are introduced by the commentator\nfor the purpose of showing that 'although Yima did not teach the\nlaw and train pupils, he was nevertheless a faithful and a holy\nman, and rendered men holy too (?).' See Fragments of the Vendidad.\n \nThen I, Ahura Mazda, brought two implements unto him: a golden\nseal and a poniard inlaid with gold. Behold, here Yima bears the\nroyal sway!\n7.\n [Obscure.]\n8.\n Thus, under the sway of Yima, three hundred winters passed\naway, and the earth was replenished with flocks and herds, with\nmen and dogs and birds and with red blazing fires, and there was\nroom no more for flocks, herds, and men.\n9.\n Then I warned the fair Yima, saying: 'O fair Yima, son of\nVivanghat, the earth has become full of flocks and herds, of men\nand dogs and birds and of red blazing fires, and there is room\nno more for flocks, herds, and men.'\n10.\n Then Yima stepped forward, in light, southwards, on the way\nof the sun, and (afterwards) he pressed the earth with the golden\nseal, and bored it with the poniard, speaking thus: 'O Spenta\nArmaiti, kindly'Do this out of kindness to the creatures'\n(Comm.) open asunder and stretch thyself afar, to\nbear flocks and herds and men.'\n11.\n And Yima made the earth grow larger by one-third than it was\nbefore, and there came flocks and herds and men, at their will\nand wish, as many as he wished.\n12.\n Thus, under the sway of Yima, six hundred winters passed away,\nand the earth was replenished with flocks and herds, with men\nand dogs and birds and with red blazing fires, and there was room\nno more for flocks, herds, and men.\n13.\n And I warned the fair Yima, saying: 'O fair Yima, son of Vivanghat,\nthe earth has become full of flocks and herds, of men and dogs\nand birds and of red blazing fires, and there is room no more\nfor flocks, herds, and men.'\n14.\n Then Yima stepped forward, in light, southwards, on the way\nof the sun, and (afterwards) he pressed the earth with the golden\nseal, and bored it with the poniard, speaking thus: 'O Spenta\nArmaiti, kindly) open asunder and stretch thyself afar, to bear\nflocks and herds and men.'\n15.\n And Yima made the earth grow larger by two-thirds than it\nwas before, and there came flocks and herds and men, at their\nwill and wish, as many as he wished.\n16.\n Thus, under the sway of Yima, nine hundred winters passed\naway, and the earth was replenished with flocks and herds, with\nmen and dogs and birds and with red blazing fires, and there was\nroom no more for flocks, herds, and men.\n17.\n And I warned the fair Yima, saying: 'O fair Yima, son of Vivanghat,\nthe earth has become full of flocks and herds, of men and dogs\nand birds and of red blazing fires, and there is room no more\nfor flocks, herds, and men.'\n18.\n Then Yima stepped forward, in light, southwards, on the way\nof the sun, and (afterwards) he pressed the earth with the golden\nseal, and bored it with the poniard, speaking thus: 'O Spenta\nArmaiti, kindly) open asunder and stretch thyself afar, to bear\nflocks and herds and men.'\n19.\n And Yima made the earth grow larger by two-thirds than it\nwas before, and there came flocks and herds and men, at their\nwill and wish, as many as he wished.\n20.\n The Maker, Ahura Mazda, called together a meeting of the celestial\nYazatas in the Airyana Vaejo of high renown, by the Vanguhi Dairya.\n \nThe fair Yima, the good shepherd, called together a meeting of\nthe best of the mortals, in the Airyana Vaejo of high renown,\nby the Vanguhi Daitya.\n21.\n To that meeting came Ahura Mazda, in the Airyana Vaejo of\nhigh renown, by the Vanguhi Daitya; he came together with the\ncelestial Yazatas. \nTo that meeting came the fair Yima, the good shepherd, in the\nAiryana Vaejo of high renown, by the Vanguhi Daitya; he came together\nwith the best of the mortals.\n22.\n And Ahura Mazda spake unto Yima, saying: 'O fair Yima, son\nof Vivanghat! Upon the material world the evil winters are about\nto fall, that shall bring the fierce, deadly frost; upon the material\nworld the evil winters are about to fall, that shall make snow-flakes\nfall thick, even an aredvi deep on the highest tops of mountains'Even\nwhere it (the snow) is least, it will be one Vitasti two fingers\ndeep' (Comm.); that is, fourteen fingers deep.\n23.\n 'And the beasts that live in the wildernessThe\nComm. has, strangely enough, 'for instance, Ispahan.',\nand those that live on the tops of the mountains'For\ninstance, Aparsen (the Upairisaena or Hindu-Kush).',\nand those that live in the bosom of the dale'For\ninstance, Khorastan (the plain of Khorasan).' shall\ntake shelter in underground abodes.\n24.\n 'Before that winter, the country would bear plenty of grass\nfor cattle, before the waters had flooded it. Now after the melting\nof the snow, O Yima, a place wherein the footprint of a sheep\nmay be seen will be a wonder in the world.\n25.\n 'Therefore make thee a Vara, long as a riding-ground on every\nside of the square'Two hathras long on every side'\n(Comm.) A hathra is about an English mile., and\nthither bring the seeds of sheep and oxen, of men, of dogs, of\nbirds, and of red blazing fires. Therefore make thee a Vara, long\nas a riding-ground on every side of the square, to be an abode\nfor man; a Vara, long as a riding-ground on every side of the\nsquare, for oxen and sheep.\n26.\n 'There thou shalt make waters flow in a bed a hathra long;\nthere thou shalt settle birds, on the green that never fades,\nwith food that never fails. There thou shalt establish dwelling-places,\nconsisting of a house with a balcony, a courtyard, and as galleryThe\nlast three words are of doubtful meaning..\n27.\n 'Thither thou shalt bring the seeds of men and women, of the\ngreatest, best, and finest on this earth; thither thou shalt bring\nthe seeds of every kind of cattle, of the greatest, best, and\nfinest on this earth.\n28.\n 'Thither thou shalt bring the seeds of every kind of tree,\nof the highest of size and sweetest of odor on this earth'The\nhighest of size, like the cypress and the plane-tree; the sweetest\nof odor, like the rose and the jessamine' (Comm.);\nthither thou shalt bring the seeds of every kind of fruit, the\nbest of savor and sweetest of odor'The best of savor,\nlike the date; the sweetest of odor, like the citron' (Comm.).\nAll those seeds shalt thou bring, two of every kind, to be kept\ninexhaustible there, so long as those men shall stay in the Vara.\n29. 'There shall be no humpbacked, none bulged forward there;\nno impotent, no lunatic; no malicious, no liar; no one spiteful,\nnone jealous; no one with decayed tooth, no leprous to be pent\nup, nor any of the brands wherewith Angra Mainyu stamps the bodies\nof mortals.\n30.\n 'In the largest part of the place thou shalt make nine streets,\nsix in the middle part, three in the smallest. To the streets\nof the largest part thou shalt bring a thousand seeds of men and\nwomen; to the streets of the middle part, six hundred; to the\nstreets of the smallest part, three hundred. That Vara thou shalt\nseal up with thy golden seal, and thou shalt make a door, and\na window self-shining within.'\n31.\n Then Yima said within himself: 'How shall I manage to make\nthat Vara which Ahura Mazda has commanded me to make?' And Ahura\nMazda said unto Yima: 'O fair Yima, son of Vivanghat! Crush the\nearth with a stamp of thy heel, and then knead it with thy hands,\nas the potter does when kneading the potter's clay.'\n32.\n [And Yima did as Ahura Mazda wished; he crushed the earth\nwith a stamp of his heel, he kneaded it with his hands, as the\npotter does when kneading the potter's clayFrom the\nVendidad Sada..]\n33.\n And Yima made a Vara, long as a riding-ground on every side\nof the square. There he brought the seeds of sheep and oxen, of\nmen, of dogs, of birds, and of red blazing fires. He made a Vara,\nlong as a riding-ground on every side of the square, to be an\nabode for men; a Vara, long as a riding-ground on every side of\nthe square, for oxen and sheep.\n34.\n There he made waters flow in a bed a hathra long; there he\nsettled birds, on the green that never fades, with food that never\nfails. There he established dwelling-places, consisting of a house\nwith a balcony, a courtyard, and a gallery.\n35.\n There he brought the seeds of men and women, of the greatest,\nbest, and finest on this earth; there he brought the seeds of\nevery kind of cattle, of the greatest, best, and finest on this\nearth.\n36.\n There he brought the seeds of every kind of tree, of the highest\nof size and sweetest of odor on this earth; there he brought the\nseeds of every kind of fruit, the best of savor and sweetest of\nodor. All those seeds he brought, two of every kind, to be kept\ninexhaustible there, so long as those men shall stay in the Vara.\n37.\n And there were no humpbacked, none bulged forward there; no\nimpotent, no lunatic; no one malicious, no liar; no one spiteful,\nnone jealous; no one with decayed tooth, no leprous to be pent\nup, nor any of the brands wherewith Angra Mainyu stamps the bodies\nof mortals.\n38.\n In the largest part of the place he made nine streets, six\nin the middle part, three in the smallest. To the streets of the\nlargest part he brought a thousand seeds of men and women; to\nthe streets of the middle part, six hundred; to the streets of\nthe smallest part, three hundred. That Vara he sealed up with\nthe golden ring, and he made a door, and a window self-shining\nwithin.\n39.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What are the\nlights that give light in the Vara which Yima made?\n40.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'There are uncreated lights and created\nlightsThe Commentary has here the following Avestan\nquotation: 'The uncreated light shines from above; all the created\nlights shine from below.'. The one thing missed\nthere is the sight of the stars, the moon, and the sun, and a\nyear seems only as a day.\n41.\n 'Every fortieth year, to every couple two are born, a male\nand a female. And thus it is for every sort of cattle. And the\nmen in the Vara which Yima made live the happiest life'They\nlive there for 150 years; some say, they never die' (Comm.).'\n42.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Who is he who\nbrought the Religion of Mazda into the Vara which Yima made? Ahura\nMazda answered: 'It was the bird Karshipta, O holy Zarathushtra!'\n43.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Who are the\nLord and the Master there? Ahura Mazda answered: 'Urvatat-nara,\nO Zarathushtra! and thyself, Zarathushtra.'\nFARGARD 3.\n----------\nThe Earth \n1.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the\nfirst place where the Earth feels most happy? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'It is the place whereon one of the faithful steps forward, O\nSpitama Zarathushtra! with the log in his hand, the Baresma in\nhis hand, the milk in his hand, the mortar in his hand, lifting\nup his voice in good accord with religion, and beseeching Mithra,\nthe lord of the rolling country-side, and Rama Hvastra.'\n2,3.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the\nsecond place where the Earth feels most happy? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'It is the place whereon one of the faithful erects a house with\na priest within, with cattle, with a wife, with children, and\ngood herds within; and wherein afterwards the cattle continue\nto thrive, virtue to thrive, fodder to thrive, the dog to thrive,\nthe wife to thrive, the child to thrive, the fire to thrive, and\nevery blessing of life to thrive.'\n4.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the\nthird place where the Earth feels most happy? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'It is the place where one of the faithful sows most corn, grass,\nand fruit, O Spitama Zarathushtra! where he waters ground that\nis dry, or drains ground that is too wet.'\n5.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the\nfourth place where the Earth feels most happy? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'It is the place where there is most increase of flocks and herds.'\n6.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the\nfifth place where the Earth feels most happy? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'It is the place where flocks and herds yield most dung.'\n7.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the\nfirst place where the Earth feels sorest grief? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'It is the neck of Arezura, whereon the hosts of fiends rush forth\nfrom the burrow of the Druj.'\n8.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the\nsecond place where the Earth feels sorest grief? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'It is the place wherein most corpses of dogs and of men lie buried.'\n9.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the\nthird place where the Earth feels sorest grief? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'It is the place whereon stand most of those Dakhmas on which\nthe corpses of men are deposited.'\n10.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the\nfourth place where the Earth feels sorest grief? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'It is the place wherein are most burrows of the creatures of\nAngra Mainyu'Where there are most Khrafstras' (noxious\nanimals)..\n11.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the\nfifth place where the Earth feels sorest grief? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'It is the place whereon the wife and children of one of the faithful,\nO Spitama Zarathushtra! are driven along the way of captivity,\nthe dry, the dusty way, and lift up a voice of wailing.'\n12.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Who is the first\nthat rejoices the Earth with greatest joy? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'It is he who digs out of it most corpses of dogs and men.' See\n8 above.\n13.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Who is the second\nthat rejoices the Earth with greatest joy? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'It is he who pulls down most of those Dakhmas on which the corpses\nof men are deposited.' \n-----------------------------------------------------\n14.\n Let no man alone by himself carry a corpse. If a man alone\nby himself carry a corpse, the Nasu rushes upon him, to defile\nhim, from the nose of the dead, from the eye, from the tongue,\nfrom the jaws, from the sexual organs, from the hinder parts.\nThis Druj Nasu falls upon him, [stains him] even to the end of\nthe nails, and he is unclean, thenceforth, for ever and ever.\n15.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! What shall be\nthe place of that man who has carried a corpse [alone]? Ahura\nMazda answered: 'It shall be the place on this earth wherein is\nleast water and fewest plants, whereof the ground is the cleanest\nand the dryest and the least passed through by flocks and herds,\nby the fire of Ahura Mazda, by the consecrated bundles of Baresma,\nand by the faithful.'\n16.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! How far from\nthe fire? How far from the water? How far from the consecrated\nbundles of Baresma? How far from the faithful?\n17.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thirty paces from the fire, thirty\npaces from the water, thirty paces from the consecrated bundles\nof Baresma, three paces from the faithful.\n18,19.\n 'There, on that place, shall the worshippers of Mazda erect\nan enclosure, and therein shall they establish him with food,\ntherein shall they establish him with clothes, with the coarsest\nfood and with the most worn-out clothes. That food he shall live\non, those clothes he shall wear, and thus shall they let him live,\nuntil he has grown to the age of a Hana, or of a Zaurura, or of\na Pairishta-khshudra.\n20,21.\n 'And when he has grown to the age of a Hana, or of a Zaurura,\nor of a Pairishta-khshudra, then the worshippers of Mazda shall\norder a man strong, vigorous, and skillful'Trained\nto operations of that sort' (Comm.), to cut the\nhead off his neck, in his enclosure on the top of the mountain:\nand they shall deliver his corpse unto the greediest of the corpse-eating\ncreatures made by the beneficent Spirit, unto the vultures, with\nthese words: \"The man here has repented of all his evil thoughts,\nwords, and deeds. If he has committed any other evil deed, it\nis remitted by his repentance: if he has committed no other evil\ndeed, he is absolved by his repentance, for ever and ever.\"'\n22.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Who is the third\nthat rejoices the Earth with greatest joy? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'It is he who fills up most burrows of the creatures of Angra\nMainyu.'\n23.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Who is the fourth\nthat rejoices the Earth with greatest joy? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'It is he who sows most corn, grass, and fruit, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\nwho waters ground that is dry, or drains ground that is too wet.\n24.\n 'Unhappy is the land that has long lain unsown with the seed\nof the sower and wants a good husbandman, like a well-shapen maiden\nwho has long gone childless and wants a good husband.\n25.\n 'He who would till the earth, O Spitama Zarathushtra! with\nthe left arm and the right, with the right arm and the left, unto\nhim will she bring forth plenty of fruit: even as it were a lover\nsleeping with his bride on her bed; the bride will bring forth\nchildren, (the earth will bring forth) plenty of fruit.\n26,27.\n 'He who would till the earth, O Spitama Zarathushtra! with\nthe left arm and the right, with the right arm and the left, unto\nhim thus says the Earth: \"O thou man! who dost till me with\nthe left arm and the right, with the right arm and the left, here\nshall I ever go on bearing, bringing forth all manner of food,\nbringing corn first to thee'When something good grows\nup, it will grow up for thee first' (Comm.) Perhaps: 'bringing\nto thee profusion of corn' ('some say, she will bring to thee\n15 for 10;' Comm.).\"\n28,29.\n 'He who does not till the earth, O Spitama Zarathushtra! with\nthe left arm and the right, with the right arm and the left, unto\nhim thus says the Earth: \"O thou man! who dost not till me\nwith the left arm and the right, with the right arm and the left,\never shalt thou stand at the door of the stranger, among those\nwho beg for bread; the refuse and the crumbs of the bread are\nbrought unto thee'They take for themselves what is\ngood and send to thee what is bad' (Comm.), brought\nby those who have profusion of wealth.\"'\n30.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! What is the\nfood that fills the Religion of Mazda [lit: what is the stomach\nof the law?]? Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is sowing corn again and\nagain, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\n31.\n 'He who sows corn, sows righteousness: he makes the Religion\nof Mazda walk, he suckles the Religion of Mazda; as well as he\ncould do with a hundred man's feet, with a thousand woman's breasts'He\nmakes the Religion of Mazda as fat as a child could be made by\nmeans of a hundred feet, that is to say, of fifty servants walking\nto rock him; of a thousand breasts, that is, of five hundred nurses'\n(Comm.), with ten thousand sacrificial formulas.\n32.\n 'When barley was created, the Daevas started up; when it grewdoubtful,\nthen fainted the Daevas' hearts; when the knots camedoubtful,\nthe Daevas groaned; when the ear came, the Daevas flew away. In\nthat house the Daevas stay, wherein wheat perishesdoubtful.\nIt is as though red hot iron were turned about in their throats,\nwhen there is plenty of corndoubtful.\n33.\n 'Then let people learn by heart this holy saying: \"No\none who does not eat, has strength to do heavy works of holiness,\nstrength to do works of husbandry, strength to beget children.\nBy eating every material creature lives, by not eating it dies\naway.\"'\n34.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Who is the fifth\nthat rejoices the Earth with greatest joy? \nAhura Mazda answered: '[It is he who kindly and piously givesThe\nAsho-dad or alms. The bracketed clause is from the Vendidad Sada.\nto one of the faithful who tills the earth,] O Spitama Zarathushtra!\n35.\n 'He who would not kindly and piously give to one of the faithful\nwho tills the earth, O Spitama Zarathushtra! Spenta Armaiti will\nthrow him down into darkness, down into the world of woe, the\nworld of hell, down into the deep abyssConjectural\ntranslation..'\n36.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! If a man shall\nbury in the earth either the corpse of a dog or the corpse of\na man, and if he shall not disinter it within half a year, what\nis the penalty that he shall pay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Five hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\nfive hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n37.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! If a man shall\nbury in the earth either the corpse of a dog or the corpse of\na man, and if he shall not disinter it within a year, what is\nthe penalty that he shall pay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'A thousand stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\na thousand stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n38.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! If a man shall\nbury in the earth either the corpse of a dog or the corpse of\na man, and if he shall not disinter it within the second year,\nwhat is the penalty for it? What is the atonement for it? What\nis the cleansing from it?\n39.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'For that deed there is nothing that\ncan pay, nothing that can atone, nothing that can cleanse from\nit; it is a trespass for which there is no atonement, for ever\nand ever.'\n40.\n When is it so? \n'It is so, if the sinner be a professor of the Religion of Mazda,\nor one who has been taught in it. \n'But if he be not a professor of the Religion of Mazda, nor one\nwho has been taught in it, then his sin is taken from him, if\nhe makes confession of the Religion of Mazda and resolves never\nto commit again such forbidden deeds.\n41.\n 'The Religion of Mazda indeed, O Spitama Zarathushtra! takes\naway from him who makes confession of it the bonds of his sin;\nit takes away (the sin of) breach of trustDoubtful.\nFrom the commentary it appears that draosha must have meant a\ndifferent sort of robbery: 'He knows that it is forbidden to steal,\nbut he fancies that robbing the rich to give to the poor is a\npious deed' (Comm.); it takes away (the sin of)\nmurdering one of the faithful; it takes away (the sin of) deeds\nfor which there is no atonement; it takes away the worst sin of\nusury; it takes away any sin that may be sinned.\n42.\n 'In the same way the Religion of Mazda, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\ncleanses the faithful from every evil thought, word, and deed,\nas a swift-rushing mighty wind cleanses the plain'From\nchaff' (Comm.). \n'So let all the deeds he doeth be henceforth good, O Zarathushtra!\na full atonement for his sin is effected by means of the Religion\nof Mazda.'\nFARGARD 4.\n----------\nContracts and offenses \n I.\n1.\n He that does not restore a loan to the man who lent it, steals\nthe thing and robs the man\"He is a thief when\nhe takes a view not to restore; he is a robber when, being asked\nto restore, he answers, I will not\" (Comm.).\nThis he doeth every day, every night, as long as he keep in his\nhouse his neighbour's property, as though it were his own.\n Ia.\n2.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How many in\nnumber are thy contracts, O Ahura Mazda? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'They are six in number, O holy Zarathushtra. The first is the\nword-contract; the second is the hand-contract; the third is the\ncontract to the amount of a sheep; the fourth is the contract\nto the amount of an ox; the fifth is the contract to the amount\nof a man; the sixth is the contract to the amount of a field,\na field in good land, a fruitful one, in good bearing.'\n3.\n The word-contract is fulfilled by words of mouth. It is canceled\nby the hand-contract; he shall give as damages the amount of the\nhand-contract.\n4.\n The hand-contract is canceled by the sheep-contract; he shall\ngive as damages the amount of the sheep-contract. The sheep-contract\nis canceled by the ox-contract; he shall give as damages the amount\nof the ox-contract. The ox-contract is canceled by the man-contract;\nhe shall give as damages the amount of the man-contract. The man-contract\nis canceled by the field-contract; he shall give as damages the\namount of the field-contract.\n5.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break\nthe word-contract, how many are involved in his sin? Ahura Mazda\nanswered: 'His sin makes his Nabanazdishtas answerable for three\nhundred (years).'\n6.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break\nthe hand-contract, how many are involved in his sin? Ahura Mazda\nanswered: 'His sin makes his Nabanazdishtas answerable for six\nhundred (years).'\n7.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break\nthe sheep-contract, how many are involved in his sin? Ahura Mazda\nanswered: 'His sin makes his Nabanazdishtas answerable for seven\nhundred (years).'\n8.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break\nthe ox-contract, how many are involved in his sin? Ahura Mazda\nanswered: 'His sin makes his Nabanazdishtas answerable for eight\nhundred (years).'\n9.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break\nthe man-contract, how many are involved in his sin? Ahura Mazda\nanswered: 'His sin makes his Nabanazdishtas answerable for nine\nhundred (years).'\n10.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break\nthe field-contract, how many are involved in his sin? Ahura Mazda\nanswered: 'His sin makes his Nabanazdishtas answerable for a thousand\n(years).'\n11.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break\nthe word-contract, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura\nMazda answered: 'Three hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\nthree hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n12.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break\nthe hand-contract, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura\nMazda answered: 'Six hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, six\nhundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n13.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break\nthe sheep-contract, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura\nMazda answered: 'Seven hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\nseven hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n14.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break\nthe ox-contract, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura\nMazda answered: 'Eight hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\neight hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n15.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break\nthe man-contract, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura\nMazda answered: 'Nine hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\nNine hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n16.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break\nthe field-contract, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura\nMazda answered: 'A thousand stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, a\nthousand stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n IIa.\n17.\n If a man rise up with a weapon in his hand, it is an Agerepta.\nIf he brandish it, it is an Avaoirishta. If he actually smite\na man with malicious aforethought, it is an Aredush. Upon the\nfifth Aredush he becomes a Peshotanu.\n18.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! He that committeth\nan Agerepta, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'Five stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, five stripes with the Sraosho-charana;\n \n'On the second Agerepta, ten stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, ten\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana; \n'On the third, fifteen stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, fifteen\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana;\n19.\n 'On the fourth, thirty stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, thirty\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana; \n'On the fifth, fifty stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, fifty stripes\nwith the Sraosho-charana; \n'On the sixth, sixty stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, sixty stripes\nwith the Sraosho-charana; \n'On the seventh, ninety stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, ninety\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n20.\n If a man commit an Agerepta for the eighth time, without having\natoned for the preceding, what penalty shall he pay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes\nwith the Aspahe-ashtra, two hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n21.\n If a man commit an Agerepta, and refuse to atone for it, what\npenalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu:\ntwo hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, two hundred stripes\nwith the Sraosho-charana.'\n22.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man commit\nan Avaoirishta, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'Ten stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, ten stripes with the Sraosho-charana;\n \n'On the second Avaoirishta, fifteen stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\nfifteen stripes with the Sraosho-charana;\n23.\n 'On the third, thirty stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, thirty\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana; \n'On the fourth, fifty stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, fifty stripes\nwith the Sraosho-charana; \n'On the fifth, seventy stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, seventy\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana; \n'On the sixth, ninety stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, ninety stripes\nwith the Sraosho-charana.'\n24.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man commit\nan Avaoirishta for the seventh time, without having atoned for\nthe preceding, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\ntwo hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n25.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man commit\nan Avaoirishta, and refuse to atone for it, what penalty shall\nhe pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred\nstripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, two hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n26.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man commit\nan Aredush, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'Fifteen\nstripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, fifteen stripes with the Sraosho-charana;\n27.\n 'On the second Aredush, thirty stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\nthirty stripes with the Sraosho-charana; \n'On the third, fifty stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, fifty stripes\nwith the Sraosho-charana; \n'On the fourth, seventy stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, seventy\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana; \n'On the fifth, ninety stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, ninety stripes\nwith the Sraosho-charana;\n28.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man commit\nan Aredush for the sixth time, without having atoned for the preceding,\nwhat penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu:\ntwo hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, two hundred stripes\nwith the Sraosho-charana.'\n29.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man commit\nan Aredush, and refuse to atone for it, what penalty shall he\npay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes\nwith the Aspahe-ashtra, two hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n30.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man smite\nanother and hurt him sorely, what is the penalty that he shall\npay?\n31.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thirty stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\nthirty stripes with the Sraosho-charana; \n'The second time, fifty stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, fifty\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana; \n'The third time, seventy stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, seventy\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana; \n'The fourth time, ninety stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, ninety\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana;\n32.\n If a man commit that deed for the fifth time, without having\natoned for the preceding, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda\nanswered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\ntwo hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n33.\n If a man commit that deed and refuse to atone for it, what\npenalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu:\ntwo hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, two hundred stripes\nwith the Sraosho-charana.'\n34.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man smite\nanother so that the blood come, what is the penalty that he shall\npay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'Fifty stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\nfifty stripes with the Sraosho-charana; \n'The second time, seventy stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, seventy\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana; \n'The third time, ninety stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, ninety\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana;\n35.\n If a man commit that deed for the fourth time, without having\natoned for the preceding, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda\nanswered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\ntwo hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n36.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man smite\nanother so that the blood come, and if he refuse to atone for\nit, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a\nPeshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, two hundred\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n37.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man smite\nanother so that he break a bone, what is the penalty that he shall\npay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'Seventy stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\nseventy stripes with the Sraosho-charana; \n'The second time, ninety stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, ninety\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana;\n38.\n If he commit that deed for the third time, without having\natoned for the preceding, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda\nanswered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\ntwo hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n39.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man smite\nanother so that he break a bone, and if he refuse to atone for\nit, what is the penalty he shall pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'He\nis a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, two\nhundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n40.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man smite\nanother so that he give up the ghost, what is the penalty that\nhe shall pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'Ninety stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\nseventy stripes with the Sraosho-charana;\n41.\n If he commit that deed again, without having atoned for the\npreceding, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura Mazda\nanswered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\ntwo hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n42.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man smite\nanother so that he give up the ghost, and if he refuse to atone\nfor it, what is the penalty he shall pay? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\ntwo hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n43.\n And they shall thenceforth in their doings walk after the\nway of holiness, after the word of holiness, after the ordinance\nof holiness.\n IIIa.\n44.\n If men of the same faith, either friends or brothers, come\nto an agreement together, that one may obtain from the other,\neither goods, or a wife, or knowledge, let him who desires goods\nhave them delivered to him; let him who desires a wife receive\nand wed her; let him who desires knowledge be taught the holy\nword,\n45.\n during the first part of the day and the last, during the\nfirst part of the night and the last, that his mind may be increased\nin intelligence and wax strong in holiness. So shall he sit up,\nin devotion and prayers, that he may be increased in intelligence:\nhe shall rest during the middle part of the day, during the middle\npart of the night, and thus shall he continue until he can say\nall the words which former Aethrapaitis have said.\n IVa.\n46.\n Before the boiling water publicly preparedThis\nclause is intended against false oaths taken in the so-called\nVar-ordeal (see par. 54 n.) It ought to be placed before par.\n49 bis, where the penalty for a false oath is given.,\nO Spitama Zarathushtra! let no one make bold to deny having received\n[from his neighbor] the ox or the garment in his possession.\n47.\n Verily I say it unto thee, O Spitama Zarathushtra! the man\nwho has a wife is far above him who lives in continence; he who\nkeeps a house is far above him who has none; he who has children\nis far above the childless man; he who has riches is far above\nhim who has none.\n48.\n And of two men, he who fills himself with meat receives in\nhim Vohu Mano much better than he who does not do so; the latter\nis all but dead; the former is above him by the worth of an Asperena,\nby the worth of a sheep, by the worth of an ox, by the worth of\na man.\n49.\n This man can strive against the onsets of Asto-vidhotu; he\ncan strive against the well-darted arrow; he can strive against\nthe winter fiend, with thinnest garment on; he can strive against\nthe wicked tyrant and smite him on the head; he can strive against\nthe ungodly fasting Ashemaogha.\n IVb.\n49 (bis).\n On the very first time when that deed has been done, without\nwaiting until it is done again,\n50.\n down thereIn hell. the pain for\nthat deed shall be as hard as any in this world: even as if one\nshould cut off the limbs from his perishable body with knives\nof brass, or still worse;\n51.\n down there the pain for that deed shall be as hard as any\nin this world: even as if one should naildoubtful\nhis perishable body with nails of brass, or still worse;\n52.\n down there the pain for that deed shall be as hard as any\nin this world: even as if one should by force throw his perishable\nbody headlong down a precipice a hundred times the height of a\nman, or still worse;\n53.\n down there the pain for that deed shall be as hard as any\nin this world: even as if one should by force impaledoubtful\nhis perishable body, or still worse.\n54.\n Down there the pain for that deed shall be as hard as any\nin this world: to wit, the deed of a man, who knowingly lying,\nconfronts the brimstoned, golden, truth-knowing water with an\nappeal unto Rashnu and a lie unto Mithra.\n55.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! He who, knowingly\nlying, confronts the brimstoned, golden, truth-knowing water with\nan appeal unto Rashnu and a lie unto Mithra, what is the penalty\nthat he shall payIn this world.? Ahura\nMazda answered: 'Seven hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\nseven hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\nFARGARD 5.\n----------\nPurity laws \n I\n1.\n There dies a man in the depths of the vale: a bird takes flight\nfrom the top of the mountain down into the depths of the vale,\nand it feeds on the corpse of the dead man there: then, up it\nflies from the depths of the vale to the top of the mountain:\nit flies to some one of the trees there, of the hard-wooded or\nthe soft-wooded, and upon that tree it vomits and deposits dung.\n2.\n Now, lo! here is a man coming up from the depths of the vale\nto the top of the mountain; he comes to the tree whereon the bird\nis sitting; from that tree he intends to take wood for the fire.\nHe fells the tree, he hews the tree, he splits it into logs, and\nthen he lights it in the fire, the son of Ahura Mazda. What is\nthe penalty he shall pay?\n3.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'There is no sin upon a man for any\nNasu that has been brought by dogs, by birds, by wolves, by winds,\nor by flies.\n4.\n 'For were there sin upon a man for any Nasu that might have\nbeen brought by dogs, by birds, by wolves, by winds, or by flies,\nhow soon all this material world of mine would be only one Peshotanu,\nbent on the destruction of righteousness, and whose soul will\ncry and wail! so numberless are the beings that die upon the face\nof the earth.'\n5.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Here is a man\nwatering a corn-field. The water streams down the field; it streams\nagain; it streams a third time; and the fourth time, a dog, a\nfox, or a wolf carries some Nasu into the bed of the stream: what\nis the penalty that the man shall pay?\n6.\n [Repeat st. 3.]\n7.\n [Repeat st. 4.]\n8.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Does water kill?\nAhura Mazda answered: 'Water kills no man: Asto-vidhotu binds\nhim, and, thus bound, Vayu carries him off; and the flood takes\nhim up, the flood takes him down, the flood throws him ashore;\nthen birds feed upon him. When he goes away, it is by the will\nof Fate he goes.'\n IIb.\n9.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Does fire kill?\nAhura Mazda answered: 'Fire kills no man: Asto-vidhotu binds him,\nand, thus bound, Vayu carries him off; and the fire burns up life\nand limb. When he goes away, it is by the will of Fate he goes.'\n III.\n10.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If the summer\nis past and the winter has come, what shall the worshippers of\nMazda do? Ahura Mazda answered: 'In every house, in every borough,\nthey shall raise three rooms for the dead.'\n11.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How large shall\nbe those rooms for the dead? Ahura Mazda answered: 'Large enough\nnot to strike the skull of the man, if he should stand erect,\nor his feet or his hands stretched out: such shall be, according\nto the law, the rooms for the dead.\n12.\n 'And they shall let the lifeless body lie there, for two nights,\nor for three nights, or a month long, until the birds begin to\nfly, the plants to grow, the hidden floods to flow, and the wind\nto dry up the earth.\n13.\n 'And as soon as the birds begin to fly, the plants to grow,\nthe hidden floods to flow, and the wind to dry up the earth, then\nthe worshippers of Mazda shall lay down the dead (on the Dakhma),\nhis eyes towards the sun.\n14.\n 'If the worshippers of Mazda have not, within a year, laid\ndown the dead (on the Dakhma), his eyes towards the sun, thou\nshalt prescribe for that trespass the same penalty as for the\nmurder of one of the faithful; until the corpse has been rained\non, until the Dakhma has been rained on, until the unclean remains\nhave been rained on, until the birds have eaten up the corpse.'\n IV.\n15.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Is it true at\nthou, Ahura Mazda, seizest the waters from the sea Vouru-kasha\nwith the wind and the clouds?\n16.\n That thou, Ahura Mazda, takest them down to the corpses? that\nthou, Ahura Mazda, takest them down to the Dakhmas? that thou,\nAhura Mazda, takest them down to the unclean remains? that thou,\nAhura Mazda, takest them down to the bones? and that then thou,\nAhura Mazda, makest them flow back unseen? that thou, Ahura Mazda,\nmakest them flow back to the sea Puitika?\n17.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is even so as thou hast said, O\nrighteous Zarathushtra! I, Ahura Mazda, seize the waters from\nthe sea Vouru-kasha with the wind and the clouds.\n18.\n 'I, Ahura Mazda, take them to the corpses; I, Ahura Mazda,\ntake them down to the Dakhmas; I, Ahura Mazda, take them down\nto the unclean remains; I, Ahura Mazda, take them down to the\nbones; then I, Ahura Mazda, make them flow back unseen; I, Ahura\nMazda, make them flow back to the sea Puitika.\n19.\n 'The waters stand there boiling, boiling up in the heart of\nthe sea Puitika, and, when cleansed there, they run back again\nfrom the sea Puitika to the sea Vouru-kasha, towards the well-watered\ntree, whereon grow the seeds of my plants of every kind by hundreds,\nby thousands, by hundreds of thousands.\n20.\n 'Those plants, I, Ahura Mazda, rain down upon the earth, to\nbring food to the faithful, and fodder to the beneficent cow;\nto bring food to my people that they may live on it, and fodder\nto the beneficent cow.'\n V.\n21.\n 'This is the best, this is the fairest of all things, even\nas thou hast said, O pure [Zarathushtra]!' \nWith these words the holy, Ahura Mazda rejoiced the holy Zarathushtra:\n'Purity is for man, next to life, the greatest good, that purity,\nO Zarathushtra, that is in the Religion of Mazda for him who cleanses\nhis own self with good thoughts, words, and deeds.'\n22.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! This Law, this\nfiend-destroying Law of Zarathushtra, by what greatness, goodness,\nand fairness is it great, good, and fair above all other utterances?\n23.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'As much above all other floods as is\nthe sea Vouru-kasha, so much above all other utterances in greatness,\ngoodness, and fairness is this Law, this fiend-destroying Law\nof Zarathushtra.\n24.\n 'As much as a great stream flows swifter than a slender rivulet,\nso much above all other utterances in greatness, goodness, and\nfairness is this Law, this fiend-destroying Law of Zarathushtra.\n \n'As high as the great tree stands above the small plants it overshadows,\nso high above all other utterances in greatness, goodness, and\nfairness is this Law, this fiend-destroying Law of Zarathushtra.\n25.\n 'As high as heaven is above the earth that it compasses around,\nso high above all other utterances is this Law, this fiend-destroying\nLaw of Mazda. \n'[Therefore], he will apply to the Ratu, he will apply to the\nSraosha-varez; whether for a draona-service that should have been\nundertaken and has not been undertaken; or for a draona that should\nhave been offered up and has not been offered up; or for a draona\nthat should have been entrusted and has not been entrusted.\n26.\n 'The Ratu has power to remit him one-third of his penalty:\nif he has committed any other evil deed, it is remitted by his\nrepentance; if he has committed no other evil deed, he is absolved\nby his repentance for ever and ever.'\n VI.\n27.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If there be\na number of men resting in the same place, on the same carpet,\non the same pillows, be there two men near one another, or five,\nor fifty, or a hundred, close by one another; and of those people\none happens to die; how many of them does the Druj Nasu envelope\nwith corruption, infection, and pollution?\n28.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'If the dead one be a priest, the Druj\nNasu rushes forth, O Spitama Zarathushtra! she goes as far as\nthe eleventh and defiles the ten. \n'If the dead one be a warrior, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama\nZarathushtra! she goes as far as the tenth and defiles the nine.\n \n'If the dead one be a husbandman, the Druj Nasu rushes forth,\nO Spitama Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the ninth and defiles\nthe eight.\n29.\n 'If it be a shepherd's dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O\nSpitama Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the eighth and defiles\nthe seven. \n'If it be a house-dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\nshe goes as far as the seventh and defiles the six.\n30.\n 'If it be a Vohunazga dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama\nZarathushtra! she goes as far as the sixth and defiles the five.\n \n'If it be a Tauruna dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama\nZarathushtra! she goes as far as the fifth and defiles the four.\n31.\n 'If it be a porcupine dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama\nZarathushtra! she goes as far as the fourth and defiles the three.\n \n'If it be a Gazu dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\nshe goes as far as the third and defiles the two.\n32.\n 'If it be an Aiwizu dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama\nZarathushtra! she goes as far as the second and defiles the next.\n \n'If it be a Vizu dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\nshe goes as far as the next, she defiles the next.'\n33.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If it be a weasel,\nhow many of the creatures of the good spirit does it directly\ndefile, how many does it indirectly defile?\n34.\n Ahura Mazda answered : 'A weasel does neither directly nor\nindirectly defile any of the creatures of the good spirit, but\nhim who smites and kills it; to him the uncleanness clings for\never and ever.'\n35.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If the dead\none be such a wicked, two-footed ruffian, as an ungodly Ashemaogha,\nhow many of the creatures of the good spirit does he directly\ndefile, how many does he indirectly defile?\n36.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'No more than a frog does whose venom\nis dried up, and that has been dead more than a year. Whilst alive,\nindeed, O Spitama Zarathushtra! such a wicked, two-legged ruffian\nas an ungodly Ashemaogha, directly defiles the creatures of the\ngood spirit, and indirectly defiles them.\n37.\n 'Whilst alive he smites the water; whilst alive he blows out\nthe fire; whilst alive he carries off the cow; whilst alive he\nsmites the faithful man with a deadly blow, that parts the soul\nfrom the body; not so will he do when dead.\n38.\n 'Whilst alive, indeed, O Spitama Zarathushtra! such a wicked,\ntwo-legged ruffian as an ungodly Ashemaogha robs the faithful\nman of the full possession of his food, of his clothing, of his\nwood, of his bed, of his vessels; not so will he do when dead.'\n VII.\n39.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When into our\nhouses here below we have brought the fire, the Baresma, the cups,\nthe Haoma, and the mortar, O holy Ahura Mazda! if it come to pass\nthat either a dog or a man dies there, what shall the worshippers\nof Mazda do?\n40.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Out of the house, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\nshall they take the fire, the Baresma, the cups, the Haoma, and\nthe mortar; they shall take the dead one out to the proper place\nwhereto, according to the law, corpses must be brought, to be\ndevoured there.'\n41.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When shall they\nbring back the fire into the house wherein the man has died? 42.\nAhura Mazda answered: 'They shall wait for nine nights in winter,\nfor a month in summer, and then they shall bring back the fire\nto the house wherein the man has died.'\n43.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! And if they\nshall bring back the fire to the house wherein the man has died,\nwithin the nine nights, or within the month, what penalty shall\nthey pay?\n44.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall be Peshotanus: two hundred\nstripes with the Aspahe-astra, two hundred stripes with the Sraosho-karana.'\n VIII.\n45.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If in the house\nof a worshipper of Mazda there be a woman with child, and if being\na month gone, or two, or three, or four, or five, or six, or seven,\nor eight, or nine, or ten months gone, she bring forth a still-born\nchild, what shall the worshippers of Mazda do?\n46.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'The place in that Mazdean house whereof\nthe ground is the cleanest and the driest, and the least passed\nthrough by flocks and herds, by the fire of Ahura Mazda, by the\nconsecrated bundles of Baresma, and by the faithful;'\n47.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How far from\nthe fire? How far from the water? How far from the consecrated\nbundles of Baresma? How far from the faithful?\n48.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thirty paces from the fire; thirty\npaces from the water; thirty paces from the consecrated bundles\nof Baresma; three paces from the faithful;-\n49.\n 'On that place shall the worshippers of Mazda erect an enclosure,\nand therein shall they establish her with food, therein shall\nthey establish her with clothes.'\n50.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What is the\nfood that the woman shall first take?\n51.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Gomez mixed with ashes, three draughts\nof it, or six, or nine, to send down the Dakhma within her womb.\n52.\n 'Afterwards she may drink boiling milk of mares, cows, sheep,\nor goats, with pap or without pap; she may take cooked milk without\nwater, meal without water, and wine without water.'\n53.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How long shall\nshe remain so? How long shall she live thus on milk, meal, and\nwine?\n54.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Three nights long shall she remain\nso; three nights long shall she live thus on milk, meal, and wine.\nThen, when three nights have passed, she shall wash her body,\nshe shall wash her clothes, with gomez and water, by the nine\nholes, and thus shall she be clean.'\n55.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How long shall\nshe remain so? How long, after the three nights have gone, shall\nshe sit confined, and live separated from the rest of the worshippers\nof Mazda, as to her seat, her food, and her clothing?\n56.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Nine nights long shall she remain so:\nnine nights long, after the three nights have gone, shall she\nsit confined, and live separated from the rest of the worshippers\nof Mazda, as to her seat, her food, and her clothing. Then, when\nthe nine nights have gone, she shall wash her body, and cleanse\nher clothes with gomez and water.'\n57.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can those clothes,\nwhen once washed and cleansed, ever be used either by a Zaotar,\nor by a Havanan, or by an Atare-vakhsha, or by a Frabaretar, or\nby an Abered, or by an Asnatar, or by a Rathwishkar, or by a Sraosha-varez,\nor by any priest, warrior, or husbandman?\n58.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Never can those clothes, even when\nwashed and cleansed, be used either by a Zaotar, or by a Havanan,\nor by an Atare-vakhsha, or by a Frabaretar, or by an Abered, or\nby an Asnatar, or by a Rathwishkar, or by a Sraosha-varez, or\nby any priest, warrior, or husbandman.\n59.\n 'But if there be in a Mazdean house a woman who is in her\nsickness, or a man who has become unfit for work, and who must\nsit in the place of infirmity, those clothes shall serve for their\ncoverings and for their sheets, until they can withdraw their\nhands for prayer.\n60.\n 'Ahura Mazda, indeed, does not allow us to waste anything\nof value that we may have, not even so much as an Asperena's weight\nof thread, not even so much as a maid lets fall in spinning.\n61.\n 'Whosoever throws any clothing on a dead body, even so much\nas a maid lets fall in spinning, is not a pious man whilst alive,\nnor shall he, when dead, have a place in Paradise.\n62.\n 'He makes himself a viaticum unto the world of the wicked,\ninto that world, made of darkness, the offspring of darkness,\nwhich is Darkness' self. To that world, to the world of Hell,\nyou are delivered by your own doings, by your own religion, O\nsinners!'\nFARGARD 6.\n----------\nPurity laws \n I.\n1.\n How long shall the piece of ground he fallow whereon dogs\nor men have died? Ahura Mazda answered: 'A year long shall the\npiece of ground he fallow whereon dogs or men have died, O holy\nZarathushtra!\n2.\n 'A year long shall no worshipper of Mazda sow or water that\npiece of ground whereon dogs or men have died; he may sow as he\nlikes the rest of the ground; he may water it as he likes.\n3.\n 'If within the year they shall sow or water the piece of ground\nwhereon dogs or men have died, they are guilty of the sin of \"burying\nthe dead\" towards the water, towards the earth, and towards\nthe plants.'\n4.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If worshippers\nof Mazda shall sow or water, within the year, the piece of ground\nwhereon dogs or men have died, what is the penalty that they shall\npay?\n5.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'They are Peshotanus: two hundred stripes\nwith the Aspahe-astra, two hundred stripes with the Sraosho-karana.'\n6.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If worshippers\nof Mazda want to till that piece of ground again, to water it,\nto sow it, and to plough it, what shall they do?\n7.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall look on the ground for any\nbones, hair, dung, urine, or blood that may be there.'\n8.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If they shall\nnot look on the ground for any bones, hair, dung, urine, or blood\nthat may be there, what is the penalty that they shall pay?\n9.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'They are Peshotanus: two hundred stripes\nwith the Aspahe-astra, two hundred stripes with the Sraosho-karana.'\n II.\n10.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nthrow on the ground a bone of a dead dog, or of a dead man, as\nlarge as the top joint of the little finger, and if grease or\nmarrow flow from it on to the ground, what penalty shall he pay?\n11.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thirty stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\nthirty stripes with the Sraosho-karana.'\n12.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nthrow on the ground a bone of a dead dog, or of a dead man, as\nlarge as the top joint of the fore-finger, and if grease or marrow\nflow from it on to the ground, what penalty shall he pay?\n13.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Fifty stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\nfifty stripes with the Sraosho-karana.'\n14.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nthrow on the ground a bone of a dead dog, or of a dead man, as\nlarge as the top joint of the middle finger, and if grease or\nmarrow flow from it on to the ground, what penalty shall he pay?\n15.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Seventy stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\nseventy stripes with the Sraosho-karana.'\n16.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nthrow on the ground a bone of a dead dog, or of a dead man, as\nlarge as a finger or as a rib, and if grease or marrow flow from\nit on to the ground, what penalty shall he pay?\n17.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Ninety stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\nninety stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n18.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nthrow on the ground a bone of a dead dog, or of a dead man, as\nlarge as two fingers or as two ribs, and if grease or marrow flow\nfrom it on the ground, what penalty shall he pay?\n19.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is Peshotanu: two hundred stripes\nwith the Aspahe-ashtra, two hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n20.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nthrow on the ground a bone of a dead dog, or of a dead man, as\nlarge as an arm-bone or as a thigh-bone, and if grease or marrow\nflow from it on the ground, what penalty shall he pay?\n21.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Four hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\nfour hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n22.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nthrow on the ground a bone of a dead dog, or of a dead man, as\nlarge as a man's skull, and if grease or marrow flow from it on\nthe ground, what penalty shall he pay?\n23.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Six hundred stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\nsix hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n24.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nthrow on the ground the whole body of a dead dog, or of a dead\nman, and if grease or marrow flow from it on the ground, what\npenalty shall he pay?\n25.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'A thousand stripes with the Aspahe-ashtra,\na thousand stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n III.\n26.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a worshipper\nof Mazda, walking, or running, or riding, or driving, come upon\na corpse in a stream of running water, what shall he do?\n27.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Taking off his shoes, putting off his\nclothes, while the others wait, O Zarathushtra! he shall enter\nthe river, and take the dead out of the water; he shall go down\ninto the water ankle-deep, knee-deep, waist-deep, or a man's full\ndepth, till he can reach the dead body.'\n28.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If, however,\nthe body be already falling to pieces and rotting, what shall\nthe worshipper of Mazda do?\n29.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He shall draw out of the water as much\nof the corpse as he can grasp with both hands, and he shall lay\nit down on the dry ground; no sin attaches to him for any bone,\nhair, grease, dung, urine, or blood that may drop back into the\nwater.'\n30.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What part of\nthe water in a pond does the Druj Nasu defile with corruption,\ninfection, and pollution?\n31.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Six steps on each of the four sides.\nAs long as the corpse has not been taken out of the water, so\nlong shall that water be unclean and unfit to drink. They shall,\ntherefore, take the corpse out of the pond, and lay it down on\nthe dry ground.\n32.\n 'And of the water they shall draw off the half, or the third,\nor the fourth, or the fifth part, according as they are able or\nnot; and after the corpse has been taken out and the water has\nbeen drawn off, the rest of the water is clean, and both cattle\nand men may drink of it at their pleasure, as before.'\n33.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What part of\nthe water in a well does the Druj Nasu defile with corruption,\ninfection, and pollution?\n34.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'As long as the corpse has not been\ntaken out of the water, so long shall that water be unclean and\nunfit to drink. They shall, therefore, take the corpse out of\nthe well, and lay it down on the dry ground.\n35.\n 'And of the water in the well they shall draw off the half,\nor the third, or the fourth, or the fifth part, according as they\nare able or not; and after the corpse has been taken out and the\nwater has been drawn off, the rest of the water is clean, and\nboth cattle and men may drink of it at their pleasure, as before.'\n36.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What part of\na sheet of snow or hail does the Druj Nasu defile with corruption,\ninfection, and pollution?\n37.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Three steps on each of the four sides.\nAs long as the corpse has not been taken out of the water, so\nlong shall that water be unclean and unfit to drink. They shall,\ntherefore, take the corpse out of the pond, and lay it down on\nthe dry ground.\n38.\n 'After the corpse has been taken out, and the snow or the\nhail has melted, the water is clean, and both cattle and men may\ndrink of it at their pleasure, as before.'\n39.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What part of\nthe water of a running stream does the Druj Nasu defile with corruption,\ninfection, and pollution?\n40.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Three steps down the stream, nine steps\nup the stream, six steps across. As long as the corpse has not\nbeen taken out of the water, so long shall that water be unclean\nand unfit to drink. They shall, therefore, take the corpse out\nof the pond, and lay it down on the dry ground.\n41.\n 'After the corpse has been taken out and the stream has flowed\nthree times, the water is clean, and both cattle and men may drink\nof it at their pleasure, as before.'\n IV.\n42.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can the Haoma\nthat has been touched with Nasu from a dead dog, or from a dead\nman, be made clean again?\n43.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'It can, O holy Zarathushtra! If it\nhas been prepared for the sacrifice, there is to it no corruption,\nno death, no touch of any Nasu. If it has not been prepared for\nthe sacrifice, [the stem] is defiled the length of four fingers:\nit shall be laid down on the ground, in the middle of the house,\nfor a year long. When the year is passed, the faithful may drink\nof its juice at their pleasure, as before.'\n V.\n44.\n O Maker of the material world, thou holy One! Whither shall\nwe bring, where shall we lay the bodies of the dead, O Ahura Mazda?\n45.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'On the highest summits, where they\nknow there are always corpse-eating dogs and corpse-eating birds,\nO holy Zarathushtra!\n46.\n 'There shall the worshippers of Mazda fasten the corpse, by\nthe feet and by the hair, with brass, stones, or clay, lest the\ncorpse-eating dogs and the corpse-eating birds shall go and carry\nthe bones to the water and to the trees.\n47.\n 'If they shall not fasten the corpse, so that the corpse-eating\ndogs and the corpse-eating birds may go and carry the bones to\nthe water and to the trees, what is the penalty that they shall\npay?'\n48.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall be Peshotanus: two hundred\nstripes with the Aspahe-ashtra, two hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n49.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Whither shall\nwe bring, where shall we lay the bones of the dead, O Ahura Mazda?\n50.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'The worshippers of Mazda shall make\na receptacle out of the reach of the dog, of the fox, and of the\nwolf, and wherein rain-water cannot stay.\n51.\n 'They shall make it, if they can afford it, with stones, plaster,\nor earth; if they cannot afford it, they shall lay down the dead\nman on the ground, on his carpet and his pillow, clothed with\nthe light of heaven, and beholding the sun.'\nFARGARD 7.\n----------\nPurity laws \n I.\n1.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Ahura Mazda, most beneficent\nSpirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When a man\ndies, at what moment does the Druj Nasu rush upon him?'\n2.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Directly after death, as soon as the\nsoul has left the body, O Spitama Zarathushtra! the Druj Nasu\ncomes and rushes upon him, from the regions of the north, in the\nshape of a raging fly, with knees and tail sticking out, droning\nwithout end, and like unto the foulest Khrafstras.\n[3.\n 'On him she stays until the dog has seen the corpse or eaten\nit up, or until the flesh-eating birds have taken flight towards\nit. When the dog has seen it or eaten it up, or when the flesh-eating\nbirds have taken flight towards it, then the Druj Nasu rushes\naway to the regions of the north in the shape of a raging fly,\nwith knees and tail sticking out, droning without end, and like\nunto the foulest Khrafstras.']\n4.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If the man has\nbeen killed by a dog, or by a wolf, or by witchcraft, or by the\nartifices of hatred, or by falling down a precipice, or by the\nlaw, or by calumny, or by the noose, how long after death does\nthe Druj Nasu come and rush upon the dead?\n5.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'At the next watch after death, the\nDruj Nasu comes and rushes upon the dead, from the regions of\nthe north, in the shape of a raging fly, with knees and tail sticking\nout, droning without end, and like unto the foulest Khrafstras.'\n II.\n6.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If there be\na number of men resting in the same place, on the same carpet,\non the same pillows, be there two men near one another, or five,\nor fifty, or a hundred, close by one another; and of those people\none happens to die; how many of them does the Druj Nasu envelope\nwith corruption, infection, and pollution? 7. Ahura Mazda answered:\n'If the dead one be a priest, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama\nZarathushtra! she goes as far as the eleventh and defiles the\nten. \n'If the dead one he a warrior, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama\nZarathushtra! she goes as far as the tenth and defiles the nine.\n \n'If the dead one be a husbandman, the Druj Nasu rushes forth,\nO Spitama Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the ninth and defiles\nthe eight.\n8.\n 'If it be a shepherd's dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O\nSpitama Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the eighth and defiles\nthe seven. \n'If it be a house dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\nshe goes as far as the seventh and defiles the six. 9. 'If it\nhe a Vohunazga dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\nshe goes as far as the sixth and defiles the five. \n'If it be a Tauruna dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama\nZarathushtra! she goes as far as the fifth and defiles the four.'\n. . . 'Those clothes shall serve for their coverings and for their\nsheets.'. . .\n III.\n10.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What part of\nhis bedding and pillow does the Druj Nasu defile with corruption,\ninfection, and pollution?\n11.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'The Druj Nasu defiles with corruption,\ninfection, and pollution the upper sheet and the inner garment.'\n12.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can that garment\nbe made clean, O holy Ahura Mazda! that has been touched by the\ncarcass of a dog or the corpse of a man?\n13.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'It can, O holy Zarathushtra!' \nHow so? \n'If there be on the garment seed, or blood, or dirt, or vomit,\nthe worshippers of Mazda shall rend it to pieces, and bury it\nunder the ground.\n14.\n 'But if there be no seed [on the garment], nor blood, nor\ndirt, nor vomit, then the worshippers of Mazda shall wash it with\ngomez.\n15.\n 'If it be leather, they shall wash it with gomez three times,\nthey shall rub it with earth three times, they shall wash it with\nwater three times, and afterwards they shall expose it to the\nair for three months at the window of the house. \n'If it be woven cloth, they shall wash it with gomez six times,\nthey shall rub it with earth six times, they shall wash it with\nwater six times, and afterwards they shall expose it to the air\nfor six months at the window of the house.\n16.\n 'The spring named Ardvi Sura, O Spitama Zarathushtra! that\nspring of mine, purifies the seed of males, the womb of females,\nthe milk of females.'\n17.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can those clothes,\nwhen once washed and cleansed, ever be used either by a Zaotar,\nor by a Havanan, or by an Atare-vakhsha, or by a Frabaretar, or\nby an Abered, or by an Asnatar, or by a Rathwishkar, or by a Sraosha-varez,\nor by any priest, warrior, or husbandman?\n18.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Never can those clothes, even when\nwashed and cleansed, be used either by a Zaotar, or by a Havanan,\nor by an Atare-vakhsha, or by a Frabaretar, or by an Abered, or\nby an Asnatar, or by a Rathwishkar, or by a Sraosha-varez, or\nby any priest, warrior, or husbandman.\n19.\n 'But if there be in a Mazdean house a woman who is in her\nsickness, or a man who has become unfit for work, and who must\nsit in the place of infirmity, those clothes shall serve for their\ncoverings and for their sheets, until they can withdraw their\nhands for prayer.\n20.\n 'Ahura Mazda, indeed, does not allow us to waste anything\nof value that we may have, not even so much as an Asperena's weight\nof thread, not even so much as a maid lets fall in spinning.\n21.\n 'Whosoever throws any clothing on a dead body, even so much\nas a maid lets fall in spinning, is not a pious man whilst alive,\nnor shall he, when dead, have a place in Paradise.\n22.\n 'He makes himself a viaticum unto the world of the wicked,\ninto that world, made of darkness, the offspring of darkness,\nwhich is Darkness' self. To that world, to the world of Hell,\nyou are delivered by your own doings, by your own religion, O\nsinners!'\n IV.\n23.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can he be clean\nagain who has eaten of the carcass of a dog or of the corpse of\na man?\n24.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He cannot, O holy Zarathushtra! His\nburrow shall be dug out, his heart shall be torn out, his bright\neyes shall be put out; the Druj Nasu falls upon him, takes hold\nof him even to the end of the nails, and he is unclean thenceforth,\nfor ever and ever.'\n V.\n25.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can he be clean\nagain, O holy Ahura Mazda! who has brought a corpse with filth\ninto the waters, or unto the fire, and made either unclean?\n26.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He cannot, O holy Zarathushtra! Those\nwicked ones it is, those Nasu-cutters, that most increase spiders\nand locusts; those wicked ones it is, those Nasu-cutters, that\nmost increase the grass-destroying drought. \n27. 'Those wicked ones it is, those Nasu-cutters, that increase\nmost the power of the winter, produced by the fiends, the cattle-killing,\nthick- snowing, overflowing, the piercing, fierce, mischievous\nwinter. Upon them comes and rushes the Druj Nasu she takes hold\nof them even to the end of the nails, and they are unclean, thenceforth,\nfor ever and ever.'\n VI.\n28. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can the\nwood be made clean, O holy Ahura Mazda! whereunto Nasu has been\nbrought from a dead dog, or from a dead man?\n29. Ahura Mazda answered: 'It can, O holy Zarathushtra!'\nHow so?\n'If the Nasu has not yet been expelled by the corpse-eating\ndogs, or by the corpse-eating birds, they shall lay down, apart\non the ground, all the wood on a Vitasti a all around, if the\nwood be dry; on a Frarathni all around, if it be wet; then they\nshall sprinkle it once over with water, and it shall be clean.\n30. 'But if the Nasu has already been expelled by the corpse-eating\ndogs, or by the corpse-eating birds, they shall lay down, apart\non the ground, all the wood on a Frarathni all around, if the\nwood be dry; on a Frabazu all around, if it be wet; then they\nshall sprinkle it once over with water, and it shall be clean.\n31. 'Thus much of the wood around the dead shall they lay\ndown, apart on the ground, according as the wood is dry or wet;\nas it is hard or soft; they shall sprinkle it once over with water,\nand it shall be clean.'\n32. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can the\ncorn or the fodder be made clean O holy Ahura Mazda! whereunto\nNasu has been brought from a dead dog, or from a dead man?\n33. Ahura Mazda answered: 'It can, O holy Zarathushtra!' How\nso?\n'If the Nasu has not yet been expelled by the corpse-eating\ndogs, or by the corpse-eating birds they shall lay down, apart\non the ground, all the corn on a Frarathni all around, if the\ncorn be dry on a Frabazu all around, if it be wet; then they shall\nsprinkle it once over with water, and it shall be clean.\n34. 'But if the Nasu has already been expelled by the corpse-eating\ndogs, or by the corpse-eating birds, they shall lay down, apart\non the ground, all the corn on a Frabazu all around, if the corn\nbe dry; on a Vibazu all around, if it be wet then they shall sprinkle\nit once over with water, and it shall be clean.\n35. 'Thus much of the corn around the dead shall they lay\ndown, apart on the ground, according as the corn is dry or wet;\nas it is sown or not sown; as it is reaped or not reaped; [as\nit is beaten or not beaten]1; as it is winnowed or not winnowed;\n[as it is ground or not ground]2; as it is kneaded [or not kneaded]3;\nthey shall sprinkle it once over with water, and it shall be clean.'\n VIIa.\n36. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a worshipper\nof Mazda want to practice the art of healing, on whom shall he\nfirst prove his skill? on worshippers of Mazda or on worshippers\nof the Daevas?\n37. Ahura Mazda answered: 'On worshippers of the Daevas shall\nhe first prove himself, rather than on worshippers of Mazda. If\nhe treat with the knife a worshipper of the Daevas and he die;\nif he treat with the knife a second worshipper of the Daevas and\nhe die; if he treat with the knife for the third time a worshipper\nof the Daevas and he die, he is unfit for ever and ever.\n38. 'Let him therefore never attend any worshipper of Mazda;\nlet him never treat with the knife and worshipper of Mazda, nor\nwound him with the knife. If he shall ever attend any worshipper\nof Mazda, if he shall ever treat with the knife any worshipper\nof Mazda, and wound him with the knife, he shall pay for his wound\nthe penalty for willful murder.\n39. 'If he treat with the knife a worshipper of the Daevas\nand he recover; if he treat with the knife a second worshipper\nof the Daevas and he recover; if for the third time he treat with\nthe knife a worshipper of the Daevas and he recover; then he is\nfit for ever and ever.\n40. 'He may henceforth at his will attend worshippers of Mazda;\nhe may at his will treat with the knife worshippers of Mazda,\nand heal them with the knife.\n VIIb.\n41. 'A healer shall heal a priest for a blessing of the just;\nhe shall heal the master of a house for the value of an ox of\nlow value; he shall heal the lord of a borough for the value of\nan ox of average value; he shall heal the lord of a town for the\nvalue of an ox of high value; he shall heal the lord of a province\nfor the value of a chariot and four.\n42. 'He shall heal the wife of the master of a house for the\nvalue of a she-ass; he shall heal the wife of the lord of a borough\nfor the value of a cow; he shall heal the wife of the lord of\na town for the value of a mare; he shall heal the wife of the\nlord of a province for the value of a she-camel.\n43. 'He shall heal the heir of a great house for the value\nof an ox of high value; he shall heal an ox of high value for\nthe value of an ox of aver- age value; he shall heal an ox of\naverage value for the value of an ox of low value; he shall heal\nan ox of low value for the value of a sheep; he shall heal a sheep\nfor the value of a piece of meat.\n44. 'If several healers offer themselves together, O Spitama\nZarathushtra! namely, one who heals with the knife, one who heals\nwith herbs, and one who heals with the Holy Word, let one apply\nto the healing by the Holy Word: for this one is the best-healing\nof all healers who heals with the Holy Word; he will best drive\naway sickness from the body of the faithful.'\n VIII.\n45. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How long\nafter the corpse of a dead man has been laid down on the ground,\nclothed with the light of heaven and beholding the sun, is the\nground clean again?\n46. Ahura Mazda answered: 'When the corpse of a dead man has\nlain on the ground for a year, clothed with the light of heaven,\nand beholding the sun, then the ground is clean again, O holy\nZarathushtra!'\n47. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How long\nafter the corpse of a dead man has been buried in the earth, is\nthe earth clean again?\n48. Ahura Mazda answered: 'When the corpse of a dead man has\nlain buried in the earth for fifty years, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\nthen the earth is clean again.'\n49. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How long\nafter the corpse of a dead man has been laid down on a Dakhma,\nis the ground, whereon the Dakhma stands, clean again?\n50. Ahura Mazda answered: 'Not until the dust of the corpse,\nO Spitama Zarathushtra! has mingled with the dust of the earth.\nUrge every one in the material world, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\nto pull down Dakhmas.\n51. 'He who should pull down Dakhmas, even so much thereof\nas the size of his own body, his sins in thought, word, and deed\nare remitted as they would be by a Patet; his sins in thought,\nword, and deed are undone.\n52. 'Not for his soul shall the two spirits wage war with\none another; and when he enters Paradise, the stars, the moon,\nand the sun shall rejoice in him; and I, Ahura Mazda, shall rejoice\nin him, saying: \" Hail, O man! thou who hast just passed\nfrom the decaying world into the undecaying one!\"'\n55. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Where are\nthere Daevas: Where is it they offer worship to the Daevas: What\nis the place whereon troops of Daevas rush together, whereon troops\nof Daevas come rushing along? What is the place whereon they rush\ntogether to kill their fifties and their hundreds, their hundreds\nand their thousands, their thousands and their tens of thousands,\ntheir tens of thousands and their myriads of myriads?\n56. Ahura Mazda answered: 'Those Dakhmas that are built upon\nthe face of the earth, O Spitama Zarathushtra! and whereon are\nlaid the corpses of dead men, that is the place where there are\nDaevas, that is the place whereon troops of Daevas rush together;\nwhereon troops of Daevas come rushing along; whereon they rush\ntogether to kill their fifties and their hundreds, their hundreds\nand their thousands, their thousands and their tens of thousands,\ntheir tens of thousands and their myriads of myriads.\n57. 'On those Dakhmas, O Spitama Zarathushtra! those Daevas\ntake food and void filth. As you, men, in the material world,\nyou cook meal and eat cooked meat, so do they. It is, as it were,\nthe smell of their feeding that you smell there, O men!\n58. 'For thus they go on reveling, until that stench is rooted\nin the Dakhmas. In those Dakhmas arise the infection of diseases,\nitch, hot fever, naeza, cold fever, rickets, and hair untimely\nwhite. On those Dakhmas meet the worst murderers, from the hour\nwhen the sun is down.\n59. 'And people of small understanding who do not seek for\nbetter understanding, the Gainis make those diseases grow stronger\nby a third, on their thighs, on their hands, on their three-plaited\nhair.'\n IX.\n60. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If in the\nhouse of a worshipper of Mazda there be a woman with child, and\nif being a month gone, or two, or three, or four, or five, or\nsix, or seven, or eight, or nine, or ten months gone, she bring\nforth a still-born child, what shall the worshippers of Mazda\ndo?\n61. Ahura Mazda answered: 'The place in that Mazdean house\nwhereof the ground is the cleanest and the driest, and the least\npassed through by flocks and herds, by the fire of Ahura Mazda,\nby the consecrated bundles of baresma, and by the faithful;'\n62. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How far\nfrom the fire? How far from the water? How far from the consecrated\nbundles of baresma? How far from the faithful?\n63. Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thirty paces from the fire; thirty\npaces from the water; thirty paces from the consecrated bundles\nof Baresma; three paces from the faithful;-\n64. 'On that place shall the worshippers of Mazda erect an\nenclosure, and therein shall they establish her with food, therein\nshall they establish her with clothes.'\n65. O Maker of the material word, thou Holy One! What is the\nfood that the woman shall first take?\n66. Ahura Mazda answered: 'Gomez mixed with ashes, three draughts\nof it, or six, or nine, to send down the Dakhma within her womb.\n67. 'Afterwards she may drink boiling milk of mares, cows,\nsheep, or goats, with pap or without pap; she may take cooked\nmilk without water, meal without water, and wine without water.'\n68. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How long shall\nshe remain so? How long shall she live thus on milk, meal, and\nwine?\n69. Ahura Mazda answered: 'Three nights long shall she remain\nso; three nights long shall she live thus on milk, meal, and wine.\nThen, when three nights have passed, she shall wash her body,\nshe shall wash her clothes, with gomez and water, by the nine\nholes, and thus shall she be clean.'\n70. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! But if fever\nbefall her unclean body, if these two worst pains, hunger and\nthirst, befall her, may she be allowed to drink water?\n71. Ahura Mazda answered: 'She may; the first thing for her\nis to have her life saved. From the hands of one of the holy men,\na holy faithful man, who knows the holy knowledge, she shall drink\nof the strength-giving water. But you, worshippers of Mazda, fix\nye the penalty for it. The Ratu being applied to, the Sraosha-varez\nbeing applied to, shall prescribe the penalty to be paid.'\n72. What is the penalty to be paid?\nAhura Mazda answered: 'The deed is that of a Peshotanu: two\nhundred stripes with the Aspahe-astra, two hundred stripes with\nthe Sraosho-charana.'\n X.\n73. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can the\neating-vessels be made clean that have been touched by Nasu from\na dog, or Nasu from a man?\n74. Ahura Mazda answered: 'They can, O holy Zarathushtra!'\nHow so?\n'If they be of gold, you shall wash them once with gomez,\nyou shall rub them once with earth, you shall wash them once with\nwater, and they shall be clean.\n'If they be of silver, you shall wash them twice with gomez,\nyou shall rub them twice with earth, you shall wash them twice\nwith water, and they shall be clean.\n[75. 'If they be of brass, you shall wash them thrice with\ngomez, you shall rub them thrice with earth, you shall wash them\nthrice with water, and they shall be clean.\n'If they be of steel, you shall wash them four times with\ngomez, you shall rub them four times with earth, you shall wash\nthem four times with water, and they shall be clean.\n'If they be of stone, you shall wash them six times with gomez,\nyou shall rub them six times with earth, you shall wash them six\ntimes with water, and they shall be clean.]\n'If they be of earth, of wood, or of clay, they are unclean\nfor ever and ever.'\n XI.\n76. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can the\ncow be made clean that has eaten of the carcass of a dog, or of\nthe corpse of a man?\n77. Ahura Mazda answered: 'She can, O holy Zarathushtra! The\npriest shall not, within a year, take from her either milk or\ncheese for the libation, nor meat for the libation and the Baresma.\nWhen a year has passed, then the faithful may eat of her as before.'\n XII.\n78. Who is he, O holy Ahura Mazda! who, meaning well and desiring\nrighteousness, prevents righteousness? Who is he who, meaning\nwell, falls into the ways of the Druj?\n79. Ahura Mazda answered: 'This one, meaning well and desiring\nrighteousness, prevents righteousness; this one, meaning well,\nfalls into the ways of the Druj, who offers up water defiled by\nthe dead and unfit for libation; or who offers up in the dead\nof the night water unfit for libation.'\nFARGARD 8.\n----------\nPurity laws \n I.\n1.\n If a dog or a man die under a hut of wood or a hut of felt,\nwhat shall the worshippers of Mazda do?\n2.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall search for a Dakhma, they\nshall look for a Dakhma all around. If they find it easier to\nremove the dead, they shall take out the dead, they shall let\nthe house stand, and shall perfume it with Urvasna or Vohu-gaona,\nor Vohu-kereti, or Hadha-naepata, or any other sweet-smelling\nplant.\n3.\n 'If they find it easier to remove the house, they shall take\naway the house, they shall let the dead he on the spot, and shall\nperfume the house with Urvasna, or Vohu-gaona, or Vohu-kereti,\nor Hadha-naepata, or any other sweet-smelling plant.'\n II\n4.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If in the house\nof a worshipper of Mazda a dog or a man happens to die, and it\nis raining, or snowing, or blowing, or it is dark, or the day\nis at its end, when flocks and men lose their way, what shall\nthe worshippers of Mazda do?\n5.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'The place in that house whereof the\nground is the cleanest and the driest, and the least passed through\nby flocks and herds, by the fire of Ahura Mazda, by the consecrated\nbundles of Baresma, and by the faithful;'-\n6.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How far from\nthe fire? How far from the water? How far from the consecrated\nbundles of Baresma? How far from the faithful?\n7.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thirty paces from the fire; thirty\npaces from the water; thirty paces from the consecrated bundles\nof Baresma; three paces from the faithful;-\n8.\n 'On that place they shall dig a grave, half a foot deep if\nthe earth be hard, half the height of a man if it be soft; [they\nshall cover the surface of the grave with ashes or cowdung]; they\nshall cover the surface of it with dust of bricks, of stones,\nor of dry earth.\n9.\n 'And they shall let the lifeless body lie there, for two nights,\nor three nights, or a month long, until the birds begin to fly,\nthe plants to grow, the hidden floods to flow, and the wind to\ndry up the earth.\n10.\n 'And when the birds begin to fly, the plants to grow, the\nhidden floods to flow, and the wind to dry up the earth, then\nthe worshippers of Mazda shall make a breach in the wall of the\nhouse, and two men, strong and skillful, having stripped their\nclothes off, shall take up the body from the clay or the stones,\nor from the plastered house, and they shall lay it down on a place\nwhere they know there are always corpse-eating dogs and corpse-eating\nbirds.\n11.\n 'Afterwards the corpse-bearers shall sit down, three paces\nfrom the dead, and the holy Ratu shall proclaim to the worshippers\nof Mazda thus: \"Worshippers of Mazda, let the urine be brought\nhere wherewith the corpse-bearers there shall wash their hair\nand their bodies!\"'\n12.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Which is the\nurine wherewith the corpse-bearers shall wash their hair and their\nbodies? Is it of sheep or of oxen? Is it of man or of woman?\n13.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is of sheep or of oxen; not of man\nnor of woman, except a man or a woman who has married the next-of-kin:\nthese shall therefore procure the urine wherewith the corpse-bearers\nshall wash their hair and their bodies.'\n III\n14.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can the way,\nwhereon the carcasses of dogs or corpses of men have been carried,\nbe passed through again by flocks and herds, by men and women,\nby the fire of Ahura Mazda, by the consecrated bundles of Baresma,\nand by the faithful?\n15.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'It cannot be passed through again by\nflocks and herds, nor by men and women, nor by the fire of Ahura\nMazda, nor by the consecrated bundles of Baresma, nor by the faithful.\n16.\n 'They shall therefore cause a yellow dog with four eyes, or\na white dog with yellow ears, to go three times through that way.\nWhen either the yellow dog with four eyes, or the white dog with\nyellow ears, is brought there, then the Druj Nasu flies away to\nthe regions of the north, [in the shape of a raging fly, with\nknees and tail sticking out, droning without end, and like unto\nthe foulest Khrafstras.]\n17.\n 'If the dog goes unwillingly, O Spitama Zarathushtra, they\nshall cause the yellow dog with four eyes, or the white dog with\nyellow ears, to go six times through that way. When either the\nyellow dog with four eyes, or the white dog with yellow ears,\nis brought there, then the Druj Nasu flies away to the regions\nof the north, [in the shape of a raging fly, with knees and tail\nsticking out, droning without end, and like unto the foulest Khrafstras.]\n18.\n 'If the dog goes unwillingly, they shall cause the yellow\ndog with four eyes, or the white dog with yellow ears, to go nine\ntimes through that way. When either the yellow dog with four eyes,\nor the white dog with yellow ears, has been brought there, then\nthe Druj Nasu flies away to the regions of the north, [in the\nshape of a raging fly, with knees and tail sticking out, droning\nwithout end, and like unto the foulest Khrafstras.]\n19.\n 'An Athravan shall first go along the way and shall say aloud\nthese victorious words: \"Yatha aha vairyo: - The will of\nthe Lord is the law of righteousness. \n'\"The gifts of Vohu-mano to the deeds done in this world\nfor Mazda. \n'\"He who relieves the poor makes Ahura king.\n20.\n '\"Kem-na mazda: - What protector hast thou given unto\nme, O Mazda! while the hate of the wicked encompasses me? Whom\nbut thy Atar and Vohu-mano, through whose work I keep on the world\nof righteousness? Reveal therefore to me thy Religion as thy rule!\n \n'\"Ke verethrem-ja: - Who is the victorious who will protect\nthy teaching? Make it clear that I am the guide for both worlds.\nMay Sraosha come with Vohu-mano and help whomsoever thou pleasest,\nO Mazda!\n21.\n '\"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta!\nPerish, O fiendish Druj! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish,\nO creation of the fiend! Perish, O world of the fiend! Perish\naway, O Druj! Rush away, O Druj! Perish away, O Druj! Perish away\nto the regions of the north, never more to give unto death the\nliving world of Righteousness!\"\n22.\n 'Then the worshippers of Mazda may at their will bring by\nthose ways sheep and oxen, men and women, and Fire, the son of\nAhura Mazda, the consecrated bundles of Baresma, and the faithful.\n \n'The worshippers of Mazda may afterwards prepare meals with meat\nand wine in that house; it shall be clean, and there will be no\nsin, as before.'\n IV\n23.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nthrow clothes, either of skin or woven, upon a dead body, enough\nto cover the feet, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura\nMazda answered: 'Four hundred stripes with the Aspahe-astra, four\nhundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n24.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nthrow clothes, either of skin or woven, upon a dead body, enough\nto cover both legs, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura\nMazda answered: 'Six hundred stripes with the Aspahe-astra, six\nhundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n25.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nthrow clothes, either of skin or woven, upon a dead body, enough\nto cover the whole body, what is the penalty that he shall pay?\nAhura Mazda answered: 'A thousand stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\na thousand stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n V\n26.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man, by\nforce, commits the unnatural sin, what is the penalty that he\nshall pay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Eight hundred stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\neight hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n27.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man voluntarily\ncommits the unnatural sin, what is the penalty for it? What is\nthe atonement for it? What is the cleansing from it? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'For that deed there is nothing that can\npay, nothing that can atone, nothing that can cleanse from it;\nit is a trespass for which there is no atonement, for ever and\never.'\n28.\n When is it so? \n'It is so if the sinner be a professor of the Religion of Mazda,\nor one who has been taught in it. \n'But if he be not a professor of the Religion of Mazda, nor one\nwho has been taught in it, then his sin is taken from him, if\nhe makes confession of the Religion of Mazda and resolves never\nto commit again such forbidden deeds.\n29.\n 'The Religion of Mazda indeed, O Spitama Zarathushtra! takes\naway from him who makes confession of it the bonds of his sin;\nit takes away (the sin of) breach of trust; it takes away (the\nsin of) murdering one of the faithful; it takes away (the sin\nof) burying a corpse; it takes away (the sin of) deeds for which\nthere is no atonement; it takes away the worst sin of usury; it\ntakes away any sin that may be sinned.\n30.\n In the same way the Religion of Mazda, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\ncleanses the faithful from every evil thought, word, and deed,\nas a swift-rushing mighty wind cleanses the plain. \n'So let all the deeds he doeth be henceforth good, O Zarathushtra!\na full atonement for his sin is effected by means of the Religion\nof Mazda.'\n31.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Who is the man\nthat is a Daeva? Who is he that is a worshipper of the Daevas?\nthat is a male paramour of the Daevas? that is a female paramour\nof the Daevas? that is a wife to the Daeva? that is as bad as\na Daeva: that is in his whole being a Daeva? Who is he that is\na Daeva before he dies, and becomes one of the unseen Daevas after\ndeath?\n32.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'The man that lies with mankind as man\nlies with womankind, or as woman lies with mankind, is the man\nthat is a Daeva; this one is the man that is a worshipper of the\nDaevas, that is a male paramour of the Daevas, that is a female\nparamour of the Daevas, that is a wife to the Daeva; this is the\nman that is as bad as a Daeva, that is in his whole being a Daeva;\nthis is the man that is a Daeva before he dies, and becomes one\nof the unseen Daevas after death: so is he, whether he has lain\nwith mankind as mankind, or as womankind.'\n VI\n33.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Shall the man\nbe clean who has touched a corpse that has been dried up and dead\nmore than a year?\n34.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He shall. The dry mingles not with\nthe dry. Should the dry mingle with the dry, how soon all this\nmaterial world of mine would be only one Peshotanu, bent on the\ndestruction of righteousness, and whose soul will cry and wail!\nso numberless are the beings that die upon the face of the earth.'\n VII\n35.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can the man\nbe made clean that has touched the corpse of a dog or the corpse\nof a man?\n36.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He can, O holy Zarathushtra!' \nHow so? \n'If the Nasu has already been expelled by the corpse-eating dogs,\nor by the corpse-eating birds, he shall cleanse his body with\ngomez and water, and he shall be clean.\n37.\n 'If the Nasu has not yet been expelled by the corpse-eating\ndogs, or by the corpse-eating birds, then the worshippers of Mazda\nshall dig three holes in the ground, and he shall thereupon wash\nhis body with gomez, not with water. They shall then lift and\nbring my dog, they shall bring him (thus shall it be done and\nnot otherwise) in front [of the man].\n38.\n 'The worshippers of Mazda shall dig three other holes in the\nground, and he shall thereupon wash his body with gomez, not with\nwater. They shall then lift and bring my dog, they shall bring\nhim (thus shall it be done and not otherwise) in front [of the\nman]. Then shall they wait until he is dried even to the last\nhair on the top of his head.\n39.\n 'They shall dig three more holes in the ground, three paces\naway from the preceding, and he shall thereupon wash his body\nwith water, not with gomez.\n40.\n 'He shall first wash his hands; if his hands be not first\nwashed, he makes the whole of his body unclean. When he has washed\nhis hands three times, after his hands have been washed, thou\nshalt sprinkle with water the forepart of his skull.'\n41.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the forepart of the skull, whereon does the Druj\nNasu rush? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'In front, between the brows, the Druj Nasu\nrushes.'\n42.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach in front, between the brows, whereon does the Druj\nNasu rush? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'On the back part of the skull the Druj\nNasu rushes.'\n43.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the back part of the skull, whereon does the Druj\nNasu rush? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'In front, on the jaws, the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n44.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach in front, on the jaws, whereon does the Druj Nasu\nrush? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right ear the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n45.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the right ear, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left ear the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n46.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the left ear, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right shoulder the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n47.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the right shoulder, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left shoulder the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n48.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the left shoulder, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right arm-pit the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n49.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the right arm-pit, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left arm-pit the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n50.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the left arm-pit, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'In front, upon the chest, the Druj Nasu\nrushes.'\n51.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the chest in front, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the back the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n52.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the back, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right nipple the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n53.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the right nipple, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left nipple the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n54.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the left nipple, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right rib the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n55.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the right rib, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left rib the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n56.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the left rib, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right hip the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n57.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the right hip, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left hip the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n58.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the left hip, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the sexual parts the Druj Nasu rushes.\nIf the unclean one be a man, thou shalt sprinkle him first behind,\nthen before; if the unclean one be a woman, thou shalt sprinkle\nher first before, then behind.'\n59.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the sexual parts, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right thigh the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n60.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the right thigh, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left thigh the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n61.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the left thigh, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right knee the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n62.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the right knee, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left knee the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n63.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the left knee, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right leg the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n64.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the right leg, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left leg the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n65.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the left leg, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right ankle the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n66.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the right ankle, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left ankle the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n67.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the left ankle, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right instep the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n68.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the right instep, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\nAhura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left instep the Druj Nasu rushes.'\n69.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good\nwaters reach the left instep, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?\nAhura Mazda answered: 'She turns round under the sole of the foot;\nit looks like the wing of a fly.\n70.\n 'He shall press his toes upon the ground, and shall raise\nup his heels; thou shalt sprinkle his right sole with water; then\nthe Druj Nasu rushes upon the left sole. Thou shalt sprinkle the\nleft sole with water; then the Druj Nasu turns round under the\ntoes; it looks like the wing of a fly.\n71.\n 'He shall press his heels upon the ground, and shall raise\nup his toes; thou shalt sprinkle his right toe with water; then\nthe Druj Nasu rushes upon the left toe. Thou shalt sprinkle the\nleft toe with water; then the Druj Nasu flies away to the regions\nof the north, in the shape of a raging fly, with knees and tail\nsticking out, droning without end, and like unto the foulest Khrafstras.\n[\n72.\n 'And thou shalt say aloud these victorious, most healing words:\n \n'\"The will of the Lord is the law of holiness,\" etc.\n \n'\"What protector hast thou given unto me, O Mazda! while\nthe hate of the wicked encompasses me?\" &c. \n'\"Who is the victorious who will protect thy teaching?\"\n&c. \n'\"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! \nPerish, O fiendish Druj! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish,\n \nO creation of the fiend! Perish O world of the fiend! Perish away,\nO Druj! Rush away, O Druj! Perish away, O Druj! Perish away to\nthe regions of the north, never more to give unto death the living\nworld of Righteousness!\"']\n VIII\n73.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If worshippers\nof Mazda, walking, or running, or riding, or driving, come upon\na Nasu-burning fire, whereon Nasu is being burnt or cooked, what\nshall they do?\n74.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall kill the man that cooks\nthe Nasu; surely they shall kill him. They shall take off the\ncauldron, they shall take off the tripod.\n75.\n 'Then they shall kindle wood from that fire; either wood of\nthose trees that have the seed of fire in them, or bundles of\nthe very wood that was prepared for that fire; then they shall\ntake it farther and disperse it, that it may die out the sooner.\n76.\n 'Thus they shall lay a first bundle on the ground, a Vitasti\naway from the Nasu-burning fire; then they shall take it farther\nand disperse it, that it may die out the sooner.\n77.\n 'They shall lay down a second bundle on the ground, a Vitasti\naway from the Nasu-burning fire: then they shall take it farther\nand disperse it, that it may die out the sooner. \n'They shall lay down a third bundle on the ground, a Vitasti away\nfrom the Nasu-burning fire; then they shall take it farther and\ndisperse it, that it may die out the sooner. \n'They shall lay down a fourth bundle on the ground, a Vitasti\naway from the Nasu-burning fire; then they shall take it farther\nand disperse it, that it may die out the sooner. \n'They shall lay down a fifth bundle on the ground, a Vitasti away\nfrom the Nasu-burning fire; then they shall take it farther and\ndisperse it, that it may die out the sooner. \n'They shall lay down a sixth bundle on the ground, a Vitasti away\nfrom the Nasu-burning fire; then they shall take it farther and\ndisperse it, that it may die out the sooner. \n'They shall lay down a seventh bundle on the ground, a Vitasti\naway from the Nasu-burning fire; then they shall take it farther\nand disperse it, that it may die out the sooner. \nThey shall lay down an eighth bundle on the ground, a Vitasti\naway from the Nasu-burning fire; then they shall take it farther\nand disperse it, that it may die out the sooner.\n78.\n 'They shall lay down a ninth bundle on the ground, a Vitasti\naway from the Nasu-burning fire; then they shall take it farther\nand disperse it, that it may die out the sooner.\n79.\n 'If a man shall then piously bring unto the fire, O Spitama\nZarathushtra! wood of Urvasna, or Vohu-gaona, or Vohu-kereti,\nor Hadha-naepata, or any other sweet-smelling wood;\n80.\n 'Wheresoever the wind shall bring the perfume of the fire,\nthereunto the fire of Ahura Mazda shall go and kill thousands\nof unseen Daevas, thousands of fiends, the brood of darkness,\nthousands of couples of Yatus and Pairikas.'\n IX\n81.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\na Nasu-burning fire to the Daityo-gatu, what shall be his reward\nwhen his soul has parted with his body? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought ten thousand fire-brands to the Daityo-gatu.'\n82.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\nto the Daityo-gatu the fire wherein impure liquid has been burnt,\nwhat shall be his reward when his soul has parted with his body?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought a thousand fire-brands to the Daityo-gatu.\n83.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\nto the Daityo-gatu the fire wherein dung has been burnt, what\nshall be his reward when his soul has parted with his body? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought five hundred fire-brands to the Daityo-gatu.'\n84.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\nto the Daityo-gatu the fire from the kiln of a potter, what shall\nbe his reward when his soul has parted with his body? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought four hundred fire-brands to the Daityo-gatu.'\n85.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\nto the Daityo-gatu the fire from a glazier's kiln, what shall\nbe his reward when his soul has parted with his body? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought to the Daityo-gatu as many fire-brands as\nthere were glasses [brought to that fire].'\n86.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\nto the Daityo-gatu the fire from the aonya paro-berejya, what\nshall be his reward when his soul has parted with his body? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought to the Daityo-gatu as many fire-brands as\nthere were plants.'\n87.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\nto the Daityo-gatu the fire from under the puncheon of a goldsmith,\nwhat shall be his reward when his soul has parted with his body?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought a hundred fire-brands to the Daityo-gatu.'\n88.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\nto the Daityo-gatu the fire from under the puncheon of a silversmith,\nwhat shall be his reward when his soul has parted with his body?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought ninety fire-brands to the Daityo-gatu.'\n89.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\nto the Daityo-gatu the fire from under the puncheon of a blacksmith,\nwhat shall be his reward when his soul has parted with his body?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought eighty fire-brands to the Daityo-gatu.'\n90.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! It a man bring\nto the Daityo-gatu the fire from under the puncheon of a worker\nin steel, what shall be his reward when his soul has parted with\nhis body? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought seventy fire-brands to the Daityo-gatu.'\n91.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\nto the Daityo-gatu the fire of an oven, what shall be his reward\nwhen his soul has parted from his body? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought sixty fire-brands to the Daityo-gatu.'\n92.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\nto the Daityo-gatu the fire from under a cauldron, what shall\nbe his reward when his soul has parted with his body? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as it he had,\nhere below, brought fifty fire-brands to the Daityo-gatu.'\n93.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\nto the Daityo-gatu the fire from an aonya takhairya, what shall\nbe his reward when his soul has parted with his body? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought forty fire-brands to the Daityo-gatu.'\n94.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\na herdsman's fire to the Daityo-gatu, what shall be his reward\nwhen his soul has parted with his body? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought thirty fire-brands to the Daityo-gatu.'\n95.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\nto the Daityo-gatu the fire of the field, what shall be his reward\nwhen his soul has parted with his body? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought twenty fire-brands to the Daityo-gatu.']\n96.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring\nto the Daityo-gatu the fire of his own hearth, what shall be his\nreward when his soul has parted with his body? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,\nhere below, brought ten fire-brands to the Daityo-gatu.'\n X\n97.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can a man be\nmade clean, O holy Ahura Mazda! who has touched a corpse in a\ndistant place in the wilderness?\n98.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He can, O holy Zarathushtra.' \nHow so? \n'If the Nasu has already been expelled by the corpse-eating dogs\nor the corpse-eating birds, he shall wash his body with gomez;\nhe shall wash it thirty times, he shall rub it dry with the hand\nthirty times, beginning every time with the head.\n99.\n 'If the Nasu has not yet been expelled by the corpse-eating\ndogs or the corpse-eating birds, he shall wash his body with gomez;\nhe shall wash it fifteen times, he shall rub it dry with the hand\nfifteen times.\n100.\n 'Then he shall run a distance of a Hathra. He shall run until\nhe meets some man on his way, and he shall cry out aloud: \"Here\nam I, one who has touched the corpse of a man, and who is powerless\nin mind, powerless in tongue, powerless in hand. Do make me clean.\"\nThus shall he run until he overtakes the man. If the man will\nnot cleanse him, he remits him the third of his trespass.\n101.\n 'Then he shall run another Hathra, he shall run off again\nuntil he overtakes a man; if the man will not cleanse him, he\nremits him the half of his trespass.\n102.\n 'Then he shall run a third Hathra, he shall run off a third\ntime until he overtakes a man; if the man will not cleanse him,\nhe remits him the whole of his trespass.\n103.\n 'Thus shall he run forwards until he comes near a house, a\nborough, a town, an inhabited district, and he shall cry out with\na loud voice: \"Here am I, one who has touched the corpse\nof a man, and who is powerless in mind, powerless in tongue, powerless\nin hand. Do make me clean.\" If they will not cleanse him,\nhe shall cleanse his body with gomez and water; thus shall he\nbe clean.'\n104.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If he find water\non his way and the water make him subject to a penalty, what is\nthe penalty that he shall pay?\n105.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Four hundred stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\nfour hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n106.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If he find trees\non his way and the fire make him subject to a penalty, what is\nthe penalty that he shall pay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Four hundred stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\nfour hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.\n107.\n 'This is the penalty, this is the atonement which saves the\nfaithful man who submits to it, not him who does not submit to\nit. \nSuch a one shall surely be an inhabitant in the mansion of the\nDruj.'\nFARGARD 9.\n----------\nThe Nine Nights' Barashnum.\n Ia.\n1.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: O most beneficent Spirit,\nMaker of the material world, thou Holy One! To whom shall they\napply here below, who want to cleanse their body defiled by the\ndead?'\n2.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'To a pious man, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\nwho knows how to speak, who speaks truth, who has learned the\nHoly Word, who is pious, and knows best the rites of cleansing\naccording to the law of Mazda. That man shall fell the trees off\nthe surface of the ground on a space of nine Vibazus square;\n3.\n 'in that part of the ground where there is least water and\nwhere there are fewest trees, the part which is the cleanest and\ndriest, and the least passed through by sheep and oxen, and by\nthe fire of Ahura Mazda, by the consecrated bundles of Baresma,\nand by the faithful.'\n4.\n How far from the fire? How far from the water? How far from\nthe consecrated bundles of Baresma? How far from the faithful?\n5.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thirty paces from the fire, thirty\npaces from the water, thirty paces from the consecrated bundles\nof Baresma, three paces from the faithful.\n6.\n 'Then thou shalt dig a hole, two fingers deep if the summer\nhas come, four fingers deep if the winter and ice have come.\n7.\n 'Thou shalt dig a second hole, two fingers deep if the summer\nhas come, four fingers deep if the winter end ice have come. \n'Thou shalt dig a third hole, two fingers deep if the summer has\ncome, four fingers deep if the winter and ice have come. \n'Thou shalt dig a fourth hole, two fingers deep if the summer\nhas come, four fingers deep if the winter and ice have come. \n'Thou shalt dig a fifth hole, two fingers deep if the summer has\ncome, four fingers deep if the winter and ice have come. \n'Thou shalt dig a sixth hole, two fingers deep if the summer has\ncome, four fingers deep if the winter and ice have come.'\n8.\n How far from one another? \n'One pace.' \nHow much is the pace? \n'As much as three feet.\n9.\n 'Then thou shalt dig three holes more, two fingers deep if\nthe summer has come, four fingers deep if the winter and ice have\ncome.' \nHow far from the former six? \n'Three paces.' \nWhat sort of paces? \n'Such as are taken in walking.' \nHow much are those (three) paces? \n'As much as nine feet.\n10.\n 'Then thou shalt draw a furrow all around with a metal knife.'\n \nHow far from the holes? \n'Three paces.' \nWhat sort of paces? \n'Such as are taken in walking.' \nHow much are those (three) paces? \n'As much as nine feet.\n11.\n 'Then thou shalt draw twelve furrows; three of which thou\nshalt draw to surround and divided [from the rest] (the first)\nthree holes; three thou shalt draw to surround and divide (the\nfirst) six holes; three thou shalt draw to surround and divide\nthe nine holes; three thou shalt draw around the [three] inferior\nholes, outside the [six other] holes. At each of the three times\nnine feet, thou shalt place stones as steps to the holes; or potsherds,\nor stumps, or clods, or any hard matter.'\n Ib.\n12.\n 'Then the man defiled shall walk to the holes; thou, O Zarathushtra!\nshalt stand outside by the furrow, and thou shalt recite, Nemascha\nya armaitish izhacha; and the man defiled shall repeat, Nemascha\nya armaitish izhacha.\n13.\n 'The Druj becomes weaker and weaker at every one of those\nwords which are a weapon to smite the fiend Angra Mainyu, to smite\nAeshma of the murderous spear, to smite the Mazainya fiends, to\nsmite all the fiends.\n14.\n 'Then thou shalt take for the gomez a spoon of brass or of\nlead. When thou takest a stick with nine knots, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\nto sprinkle (the gomez) from that spoon, thou shalt fasten the\nspoon to the end of the stick.\n15.\n 'They shall wash his hands first. If his hands be not washed\nfirst, he makes his whole body unclean. When he has washed his\nhands three times, after his hands have been washed, thou shalt\nsprinkle the forepart of his skull; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nin front, between his brows.\n16.\n Thou shalt sprinkle him in front between the brows; then the\nDruj Nasu rushes upon the back part of the skull. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the back part of the skull; then the Druj\nNasu rushes upon the jaws. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the jaws; then the Druj Nasu rushes upon\nthe right ear.\n17.\n 'Thou shalt sprinkle the right ear; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the left ear. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the left ear; then the Druj Nasu rushes upon\nthe right shoulder. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the right shoulder; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the left shoulder. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the left shoulder; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the right arm-pit.\n18.\n 'Thou shalt sprinkle the right arm-pit; then the Druj Nasu\nrushes upon the left arm-pit. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the left arm-pit; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the chest. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the chest; then the Druj Nasu rushes upon\nthe back.\n19.\n 'Thou shalt sprinkle the back; then the Druj Nasu rushes upon\nthe right nipple. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the right nipple; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the left nipple. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the left nipple; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the right rib.\n20.\n 'Thou shalt sprinkle the right rib; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the left rib. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the left rib; then the Druj Nasu rushes upon\nthe right hip. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the right hip; then the Druj Nasu rushes\n'upon the left hip.\n21.\n 'Thou shalt sprinkle the left hip; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the sexual parts. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the sexual parts. If the unclean one be a\nman, thou shalt sprinkle him first behind, then before; if the\nunclean one be a woman, thou shalt sprinkle her first before,\nthen behind; then the Druj Nasu rushes upon the right thigh.\n22.\n 'Thou shalt sprinkle the right thigh; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the left thigh. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the left thigh; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the right knee. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the right knee; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the left knee.\n23.\n 'Thou shalt sprinkle the left knee; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the right leg. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the right leg; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the left leg. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the left leg; then the Druj Nasu rushes upon\nthe right ankle. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the right ankle; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the left ankle.\n24.\n 'Thou shalt sprinkle the left ankle; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the right instep. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the right instep; then the Druj Nasu rushes\nupon the left instep. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the left instep; then the Druj Nasu turns\nround under the sole of the foot; it looks like the wing of a\nfly.\n25.\n 'He shall press his toes upon the ground and shall raise up\nhis heels; thou shalt sprinkle his right sole; then the Druj Nasu\nrushes upon the left sole. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the left sole; then the Druj Nasu turns round\nunder the toes; it looks like the wing of a fly.\n26.\n 'He shall press his heels upon the ground and shall raise\nup his toes; thou shalt sprinkle his right toe; then the Druj\nNasu rushes upon the left toe. \n'Thou shalt sprinkle the left toe; then the Druj Nasu flies away\nto the regions of the north, in the shape of a raging fly, with\nknees and tail sticking out, droning without end, and like unto\nthe foulest Khrafstras.\n27.\n 'And thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words:\n'\"Yatha ahu vairyo: - The will of the Lord is the law of\nrighteousness. \n'\"The gifts of Vohu-mano to deeds done in this world for\nMazda. \n'\"He who relieves the poor makes Ahura king. \n'\"Kem-na mazda: - What protector hadst thou given unto me,\nO Mazda! while the hate of the wicked encompasses me? Whom, but\n \nthy Atar and Vohu-mano, through whose work I keep on the world\nof Righteousness? Reveal therefore to me thy Religion as thy rule!\n \n'\"Ke verethrem-ja: - Who is the victorious who will protect\nthy teaching? Make it clear that I am the guide for both worlds.\nMay Sraosha come with Vohu-mano and help whomsoever thou pleasest,\nO Mazda! \n'\"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! Perish,\nO fiendish Druj! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish, O world\nof the fiend! Perish away, O Druj! Rush away, O Druj! Perish away,\nO Druj! Perish away to the regions of the north, never more to\ngive unto death the living world of Righteousness!\"\n28.\n 'At the first hole the man becomes freer from the Nasu; then\nthou shalt say those victorious, most healing words: - \"Yatha\nahu vairyo.\" &c. \n'At the second hole he becomes freer from the Nasu; then thou\nshalt say those victorious, most healing words: - \"Yatha\nahu vairyo,\" &c. \n'At the third hole he becomes freer from the Nasu; then thou shalt\nsay those victorious, most healing words: - \n\"Yatha ahu vairyo,\" &c. \n'At the fourth hole he becomes freer from the Nasu; then thou\nshalt say those victorious, most healing words: - \n\"Yatha ahu vairyo,\" &c. \n'At the fifth hole he becomes freer from the Nasu; then thou shalt\nsay those victorious, most healing words: - \n\"Yatha ahu vairyo,\" &c. \n'At the sixth hole he becomes freer from the Nasu; then thou shalt\nsay those victorious, most healing words: - \"Yatha ahu vairyo,\"\n&c.\n29.\n 'Afterwards the man defiled shall sit down, inside the furrows,\noutside the furrows of the six holes, four fingers from those\nfurrows. There he shall cleanse his body with thick handfuls of\ndust.\n30.\n 'Fifteen times shall they take up dust from the ground for\nhim to rub his body, and they shall wait there until he is dry\neven to the last hair on his head.\n31.\n 'When his body is dry with dust, then he shall step over the\nholes (containing water). At the first hole he shall wash his\nbody once with water; at the second hole he shall wash his body\ntwice with water; at the third hole he shall wash his body thrice\nwith water.\n32.\n 'Then he shall perfume (his body) with Urvasna, or Vohu-gaona,\nor Vohu-kereti, or Hadha-naepata, or any other sweet-smelling\nplant; then he shall put on his clothes, and shall go back to\nhis house.\n33.\n 'He shall sit down there in the place of infirmity, inside\nthe house, apart from the other worshippers of Mazda. He shall\nnot go near the fire, nor near the water, nor near the earth,\nnor near the cow, nor near the trees, nor near the faithful, either\nman or woman. Thus shall he continue until three nights have passed.\nWhen three nights have passed, he shall wash his body, he shall\nwash his clothes with gomez and water to make them clean.\n34.\n 'Then he shall sit down again in the place of infirmity, inside\nthe house, apart from the other worshippers of Mazda. He shall\nnot go near the fire, nor near the water, nor near the earth,\nnor near the cow, nor near the trees, nor near the faithful, either\nman or woman. Thus shall he continue until six nights have passed.\nWhen six nights have passed, he shall wash his body, he shall\nwash his clothes with gomez and water to make them clean.\n35.\n 'Then he shall sit down again in the place of infirmity, inside\nthe house, apart from the other worshippers of Mazda. He shall\nnot go near the fire, nor near the water, nor near the earth,\nnor near the cow, nor near the trees, nor near the faithful, either\nman or woman. Thus shall he continue, until nine nights have passed.\nWhen nine nights have passed, he shall wash his body, he shall\nwash his clothes with gomez and water to make them clean.\n36.\n 'He may thenceforth go near the fire, near the water, near\nthe earth, near the cow, near the trees, and near the faithful,\neither man or woman.\n II.\n37.\n 'Thou shalt cleanse a priest for a blessing of the just. \n'Thou shalt cleanse the lord of a province for the value of a\ncamel of high value. \n'Thou shalt cleanse the lord of a town for the value of a stallion\nof high value. \n'Thou shalt cleanse the lord of a borough for the value of a bull\nof high value. \n'Thou shalt cleanse the master of a house for the value of a cow\nthree years old.\n38.\n 'Thou shalt cleanse the wife of the master of a house for\nthe value of a ploughing cow. \n'Thou shalt cleanse a menial for the value of a draught cow. 'Thou\nshalt cleanse a young child for the value of a lamb.\n39.\n 'These are the heads of cattle - flocks or herds - that the\nworshippers of Mazda shall give to the man who has cleansed them,\nif they can afford it; if they cannot afford it, they shall give\nhim any other value that may make him leave their houses well\npleased with them, and free from anger.\n40.\n 'For if the man who has cleansed them leave their houses displeased\nwith them, and full of anger, then the Druj Nasu enters them from\nthe nose [of the dead], from the eyes, from the tongue, from the\njaws, from the sexual organs, from the hinder parts.\n41.\n 'And the Druj Nasu rushes upon them even to the end of the\nnails, and they are unclean thenceforth for ever and ever. \n'It grieves the sun indeed, O Spitama Zarathushtra! to shine upon\na man defiled by the dead; it grieves the moon, it grieves the\nstars.\n42.\n 'That man delights them, O Spitama Zarathushtra! who cleanses\nfrom the Nasu the man defiled by the dead; he delights the fire,\nhe delights the water, he delights the earth, he delights the\ncow, he delights the trees, he delights the faithful, both men\nand women.'\n43.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Maker of the material world,\nthou Holy One! What shall be his reward, after his soul has parted\nfrom his body, who has cleansed from the Nasu the man defiled\nby the dead?'\n44.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'The welfare of Paradise thou canst\npromise to that man, for his reward in the other world.'\n45.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Maker of the material world,\nthou Holy One! How shall I fight against that Druj who from the\ndead rushes upon the living? How shall I fight against that Nasu\nwho from the dead defiles the living?'\n46.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Say aloud those words in the Gathas\nthat are to be said twice. \n'Say aloud those words in the Gathas that are to be said thrice.\n \n'Say aloud those words in the Gathas that are to be said four\ntimes. \n'And the Druj shall fly away like the well-darted arrow, like\nthe felt of last year, like the annual garment of the earth.'\n III\n47.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man who\ndoes not know the rites of cleansing according to the law of Mazda,\noffers to cleanse the unclean, how shall I then fight against\nthat Druj who from the dead rushes upon the living? How shall\nI fight against that Druj who from the dead defiles the living?\n48.\n Ahura Mazda answered : 'Then, O Spitama Zarathushtra! the\nDruj Nasu appears to wax stronger than she was before. Stronger\nthen are sickness and death and the working of the fiend than\nthey were before.'\n49.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What is the\npenalty that he shall pay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'The worshippers of Mazda shall bind him;\nthey shall bind his hands first; then they shall strip him of\nhis clothes, they shall cut the head off his neck, and they shall\ngive over his corpse unto the greediest of the corpse-eating creatures\nmade by the beneficent Spirit, unto the vultures, with these words:\n- \n'\"The man here has repented of all his evil thoughts, words,\nand deeds.\n50.\n '\"If he has committed any other evil deed, it is remitted\nby his repentance; if he has committed no other evil deed, he\nis absolved by his repentance for ever and ever.\"'\n51.\n Who is he, O Ahura Mazda! who threatens to take away fullness\nand increase from the world, and to bring in sickness and death?\n52.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is the ungodly Ashemaogha, O Spitama\nZarathushtra! who in this material world cleanses the unclean\nwithout knowing the rites of cleansing according to the law of\nMazda.\n53.\n 'For until then, O Spitama Zarathushtra! sweetness and fatness\nwould flow out from that land and from those fields, with health\nand healing, with fullness and increase and growth, and a growing\nof corn and grass.'\n54.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When are sweetness\nand fatness to come back again to that land and to those fields,\nwith health and healing, with fullness and increase and growth,\nand a growing of corn and grass?\n55, 56.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Sweetness and fatness will never come\nback again to that land and to those fields, with health and healing,\nwith fullness and increase and growth, and a growing of corn and\ngrass, until that ungodly Ashemaogha has been smitten to death\non the spot, and the holy Sraosha of that place has been offered\nup a sacrifice, for three days and three nights, with fire blazing,\nwith Baresma tied up, and with Haoma prepared. 57. 'Then sweetness\nand fatness will come back again to that land and to those fields,\nwith health and healing, with fullness and increase and growth,\nand a growing of corn and grass.'\nFARGARD 10.\n-----------\nFormulas recited during the process of cleansing\n1.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Ahura Mazda! most beneficent\nSpirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall\nI fight against that Druj who from the dead rushes upon the living?\nHow shall I fight against that Druj who from the dead defiles\nthe living?'\n2.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Say aloud those words in the Gathas\nthat are to be said twice. \n'Say aloud those words in the Gathas that are to be said thrice'.\n \n'Say aloud those words in the Gathas that are to be said four\ntimes.'\n3.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Which are those\nwords in the Gathas that are to be said twice? 4.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'These are the words in the Gathas that\nare to be said twice, and thou shalt twice say them aloud:- \nahya yasa ... urvanem (Y28.2). \n----- \nhumatenam ... mahi (Y35.2), \nashahya aad saire ... ahubya (Y35.8), \nyatha tu i ... ahura (Y39.4), \nhumaim thwa ... hudaustema (Y41.3), \nthwoi staotaraska ... ahura (Y41.5). \n----- \nusta ahmai ... manangho (Y43.1), \nspenta mainyu ... ahuro (Y47.1), \nvohu khshathrem ... vareshane (Y51.1), \nvahista istis ... skyaothanaka (Y53.1).\n5.\n 'And after thou hast twice said those Bis-amrutas, thou shalt\nsay aloud these victorious, most healing words:- \n'\"I drive away Angra Mainyu from this house, from this borough,\nfrom this town, from this land; from the very body of the man\ndefiled by the dead, from the very body of the woman defiled by\nthe dead; from the master of the house, from the lord of the borough,\nfrom the lord of the town, from the lord of the land; from the\nwhole of the world of Righteousness.\n6.\n '\"I drive away the Nasu, I drive away direct defilement,\nI drive away indirect defilement, from this house, from this borough,\nfrom this town, from this land; from the very body of the man\ndefiled by the dead, from the very body of the woman defiled by\nthe dead; from the master of the house, from the lord of the borough,\nfrom the lord of the town, from the lord of the land; from the\nwhole of the world of Righteousness.\"' \n-----\n7.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Which are those\nwords in the Gathas that are to be said thrice?\n8.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'These are the words in the Gathas that\nare to be said thrice, and thou shalt thrice say them aloud:-\n \nashem vohu ... (Y27.14), \nye sevisto ... paiti (Y33.11), \nhukhshathrotemai ... vahistai (Y35.5), \nduzvarenais ... vahyo (Y53.9).\n9.\n 'After thou hast thrice said those Thris-amrutas, thou shalt\nsay aloud these victorious, most healing words:- \n'\"I drive away Indra, I drive away Sauru, I drive away the\nDaeva Naunghaithya, from this house, from this borough, from this\ntown, from this land; from the very body of the man defiled by\nthe dead, from the very body of the woman defiled by the dead;\nfrom the master of the house, from the lord of the borough, from\nthe lord of the town, from the lord of the land; from the whole\nof the world of Righteousness.\n10.\n '\"I drive away Tauru, I drive away Zairi, from this house,\nfrom this borough, from this town, from this land; from the very\nbody of the man defiled by the dead, from the very body of the\nwoman defiled by the dead; from the master of the house, from\nthe lord of the borough, from the lord of the town, from the lord\nof the land; from the whole of the holy world.\"' \n-----\n11.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Which are those\nwords in the Gathas that are to be said four times?\n12.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'These are the words in the Gathas that\nare to be said four times, and thou shalt four times say them\naloud:- \nyatha ahu vairyo ... (Y27.13), \nmazda ad moi ... dau ahum (Y34.15), \na airyama ishyo ... masata mazdau (Y54.1).\n13.\n 'After thou hast said those Chathrus-amratas four times, thou\nshalt say aloud these victorious, most healing words:- \n'\"I drive away Aeshma, the fiend of the murderous spear,\nI drive away the Daeva Akatasha, from this house, from this borough,\nfrom this town, from this land; from the very body of the man\ndefiled by the dead, from the very body of the woman defiled by\nthe dead; from the master of the house, from the lord of the borough,\nfrom the lord of the town, from the lord of the land; from the\nwhole of the world of Righteousness.\n14.\n '\"I drive away the Varenya Daevas, I drive away the wind-Daeva,\nfrom this house, from this borough, from this town, from this\nland; from the very body of the man defiled by the dead, from\nthe very body of the woman defiled by the dead; from the master\nof the house, from the lord of the borough, from the lord of the\ntown, from the lord of the land; from the whole of the world of\nRighteousness.\"\n15.\n 'These are the words in the Gathas that are to be said twice;\nthese are the words in the Gathas that are to be said thrice;\nthese are the words in the Gathas that are to be said four times.\n16.\n 'These are the words that smite down Angra Mainyu; these are\nthe words that smite down Aeshma, the fiend of the murderous spear;\nthese are the words that smite down the Daevas of Mazana; these\nare the words that smite down all the Daevas.\n17.\n 'These are the words that stand, against that Druj, against\nthat Nasu, who from the dead rushes upon the living, who from\nthe dead defiles the living.\n18.\n 'Therefore, O Zarathushtra! thou shalt dig nine holes in the\npart of the ground where there is least water and where there\nare fewest trees; where there is nothing that may be food either\nfor man or beast; \"for purity is for man, next to life, the,\ngreatest good, that purity, O Zarathushtra, that is in the Religion\nof Mazda for him who cleanses his own self with good thoughts,\nwords, and deeds.\"\n19.\n 'Make thy own self pure, O righteous man! any one in the world\nhere below can win purity for his own self, namely, when he cleanses\nhis own self with good thoughts, words, and deeds.\n20.\n '\"Yatha ahu vairyo: - The will of the Lord is the law\nof righteousness,\" &c.4 \n'\"Kem-na Mazda: - What protector hast thou given unto me,\nO Mazda! while the hate of the wicked encompasses me?\" &c.\n \n'\"Ke verethrem-ja: - Who is the victorious who will protect\nthy teaching?\" &c. \n'\"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! Perish,\nO fiendish Druj! ... Perish away to the regions of the north,\nnever more to give unto death the living world of Righteousness!\"'\nFARGARD 11.\n-----------\nSpecial formulas for cleansing several objects \n1.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Ahura Mazda! most beneficent\nspirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall\nI cleanse the house? how the fire? how the water? how the earth?\nhow the cow? how the tree? how the faithful man and the faithful\nwoman : how the stars? how the moon? how the sun? how the boundless\nlight? how all good things, made by Mazda, the offspring of the\nholy principle?'\n2.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thou shalt chant the cleansing words,\nand the house shall be clean; clean shall be the fire, clean the\nwater, clean the earth, clean the cow, clean the tree, clean the\nfaithful man and the faithful woman, clean the stars, clean the\nmoon, clean the sun, clean the boundless light, clean all good\nthings, made by Mazda, the offspring of the holy principle.\n3.\n ['So thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words];\nthou shalt chant the Ahuna-Vairya five times: \"The will of\nthe Lord is the law of righteousness,\" &c. \n'The Ahuna-Vairya preserves the person of man: \n'\"Yatha ahu vairyo: - The will of the Lord is the law of\nrighteousness,\" &c. \n'\"Kem-na Mazda: - What protector hast thou given unto me,\nO Mazda! while the hate of the wicked encompasses me?\" &c.\n'\"Ke verethrem-ja: - Who is the victorious who will protect\nthy teaching?\" &c. \n'\"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta!\"\n&c. \n-----\n4.\n 'If thou wantest to cleanse the house, say these words aloud:\n\"As long as the sickness lasts my great protector [is he\nwho teaches virtue to the perverse]2.\" \n'If thou wantest to cleanse the fire, say these words aloud: \"Thy\nfire, first of all, do we approach with worship, O Ahura Mazda!\"\n5.\n 'If thou wantest to cleanse the water, say these words aloud:\n\" Waters we worship, the Maekainti waters, the Hebvainti\nwaters, the Fravazah waters.\" \n'If thou wantest to cleanse the earth, say these words aloud:\n\"This earth we worship, this earth with the women, this earth\nwhich bears us and those women who are thine, O Ahura!\"\n6.\n 'If thou wantest to cleanse the cow, say these words aloud:\n\"The best of all works we will fulfill while we order both\nthe learned and the unlearned, both masters and servants to secure\nfor the cattle a good resting-place and fodder.\" \n'If thou wantest to cleanse the trees, say these words aloud:\n\"For him, as a reward, Mazda made the plants grow up.\"\n7.\n 'If thou wantest to cleanse the faithful man or the faithful\nwoman, say these words aloud: \"May the vow-fulfilling Airyaman\ncome hither, for the men and women of Zarathushtra to rejoice,\nfor Vohu-mano to rejoice; with the desirable reward that Religion\ndeserves. I solicit for holiness that boon that is vouchsafed\nby Ahura!\"\n8.\n 'Then thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words.\nThou shalt chant the Ahuna-Vairya eight times:- \n'\"Yatha ahu vairya:- The will of the Lord is the law of righteousness,\"\n&c. \n'\"Kem-na Mazda:- Whom hast thou placed to protect me, O Mazda?\"\n&c. \n'\"Ke verethrem-ja:- What protector hast thou given unto me?\"\n&c. \n'\"Who is the victorious?\" &c. \n'\"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda!\" &c.1\n9.\n 'I drive away Aeshma, I drive away the Nasu, I drive away\ndirect defilement, I drive away indirect defilement. \n['I drive away Khru, I drive away Khruighni. \n'I drive away Buidhi, I drive away the offspring of Buidhi. \n'I drive away Kundi, I drive away the offspring of Kundi.] \n'I drive away the gaunt Bushyasta, I drive away the long-handed\nBushyasta; [I drive away Muidhi, I drive away Kapasti.] \n'I drive away the Pairika that comes upon the fire, upon the water,\nupon the earth, upon the cow, upon the tree. I drive away the\nuncleanness that comes upon the fire, upon the water, upon the\nearth, upon the cow, upon the tree.\n10.\n 'I drive thee away, O mischievous Angra Mainyu! from the fire,\nfrom the water, from the earth, from the cow, from the tree, from\nthe faithful man and from the faithful woman, from the stars,\nfrom the moon, from the sun, from the boundless light, from all\ngood things, made by Mazda, the offspring of the holy principle.\n11.\n 'Then thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words;\nthou shalt chant four Ahuna-Vairyas:- \n'\"Yatha aha vairyo:- The will of the Lord is the law of righteousness,\"\n&c. \n'\"Kem-na Mazda:- What protector hast thou given unto me?\"\n&c. \n'\"Ke verethrem-ja:- Who is the victorious?\" &c.\n \n'\"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda!\" &c.1\n12.\n 'Aeshma is driven away; away the Nasu; away direct defilement,\naway indirect defilement. \n['Khru is driven away, away Khruighni; away Buidhi, away the offspring\nof Buidhi; away Kundi, away the offspring of Kundi.] \n'The gaunt Bushyasta is driven away; away Bushyasta, the long-handed;\n[away Muidhi, away Kapasti.] \n'The Pairika is driven away that comes upon the fire, upon the\nwater, upon the earth, upon the cow, upon the tree. The uncleanness\nis driven away that comes upon the fire, upon the water, upon\nthe earth, upon the cow, upon the tree.\n13.\n 'Thou art driven away, O mischievous Angra Mainyu! from the\nfire, from the water, from the earth, from the cow, from the tree,\nfrom the faithful man and from the faithful woman, from the stars,\nfrom the moon, from the sun, from the boundless light, from all\ngood things, made by Mazda, the offspring of the holy principle.\n14.\n 'Then thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words;\nthou shalt chant \"Mazda ad moi\" four times: \"O\nMazda! say unto me the excellent words and the excellent works,\nthat through the good thought and the holiness of him who offers\nthee the due meed of praise, thou mayest, O Lord! make the world\nof Resurrection appear, at thy will, under thy sovereign rule.\"\n15.\n 'I drive away Aeshma, I drive away the Nasu,' &c.2\n16.\n 'I drive thee away, O mischievous Angra Mainyu! from the fire,\nfrom the water,' &c.3\n17.\n 'Then thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words;\nthou shalt chant the Airyama Ishyo four times: \"May the vow-fulfilling\nAiryaman come hither!\"' &c.\n18.\n 'Aeshma is driven away; away the Nasu,' &c.5\n19.\n 'Thou art driven away, O mischievous Angra Mainyu! from the\nfire, from the water,' &c.6\n20.\n 'Then thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words;\nthou shalt chant five Ahuna-Vairyas:- \n'\"Yatha ahu vairyo:- The will of the Lord is the law of righteousness,\"\n&c. \n'\"Kem-na Mazda:- Whom hast thou placed to protect me?\"\n&c. \n'\"Ke verethrem-ja:- Who is he who will smite the fiend?\"\n&c.1 \n'\"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! Perish,\nO fiendish Druj! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish, O world\nof the fiend! Perish away, O Druj! Rush away, O Druj! Perish away,\nO Druj! Perish away to the regions of the north, never more to\ngive unto death the living world of Righteousness!\"'\nFARGARD 12.\n-----------\nThe Upaman: how long it lasts for different relatives\n1.\n If one's father or mother dies, how long shall they stay [in\nmourning], the son for his father, the daughter for her mother?\nHow long for the righteous? How long for the sinners? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay thirty days for the righteous,\nsixty days for the sinners.'\n2.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I\ncleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,\nyou shall wash your clothes three times you shall chant the Gathas\nthree times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall\nbind the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the\ngood waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters\nmay enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha-Spentas\nmay enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'\n3.\n If one's son or daughter dies, how long shall they stay, the\nfather for his son, the mother for her daughter? How long for\nthe righteous? How long for the sinners? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay thirty days for the righteous,\nsixty days for the sinners.'\n4.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I\ncleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,\nyou shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas\nthree times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall\nbind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the\ngood waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters\nmay enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha-Spentas\nmay enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'\n5.\n If one's brother or sister dies, how long shall they stay,\nthe brother for his brother, the sister for her sister? How long\nfor the righteous? How long for the sinners? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay thirty days for the righteous,\nsixty days for the sinners.'\n6.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I\ncleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? Ahura Mazda answered:\n'You shall wash your bodies three times, you shall wash your clothes\nthree times, you shall chant the Gathas three times; you shall\noffer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall bind up the bundles\nof Baresma, you shall bring libations to the good waters; then\nthe house shall be clean, and then the waters may enter, then\nthe fire may enter, and then the Amesha-Spentas may enter, O Spitama\nZarathushtra!'\n7.\n If the master of the house dies, or if the mistress of the\nhouse dies, how long shall they stay? How long for the righteous?\nHow long for the sinners? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay six months for the righteous,\na year for the sinners.'\n8.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I\ncleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'you shall wash your bodies three times,\nyou shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas\nthree times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall\nbind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the\ngood waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters\nmay enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha-Spentas\nmay enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'\n9.\n If one's grandfather or grandmother dies, how long shall they\nstay, the grandson for his grandfather, the granddaughter for\nher grandmother? How long for the righteous? How long for the\nsinners? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay twenty-five days for the\nrighteous, fifty days for the sinners.'\n10.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I\ncleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,\nyou shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas\nthree times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall\nbind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the\ngood waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters\nmay enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha-Spentas\nmay enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'\n11.\n If one's grandson or granddaughter dies, how long shall they\nstay, the grandfather for his grandson, the grandmother for her\ngranddaughter? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay twenty-five days for the\nrighteous, fifty days for the sinners.'\n12.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I\ncleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,\nyou shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas\nthree times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall\nbind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the\ngood waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters\nmay enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha-Spentas\nmay enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'\n13.\n If one's uncle or aunt dies, how long shall they stay, the\nnephew for his uncle, the niece for her aunt? How long for the\nrighteous? How long for the sinners? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay twenty days for the righteous,\nforty days for the sinners.'\n14.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I\ncleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,\nyou shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas\nthree times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall\nbind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the\ngood waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters\nmay enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha-Spentas\nmay enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'\n15.\n If one's male cousin or female cousin dies, how long shall\nthey stay? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay fifteen days for the righteous,\nthirty days for the sinners.'\n16.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I\ncleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,\nyou shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas\nthree times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall\nbind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the\ngood waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters\nmay enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha-Spentas\nmay enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'\n17.\n If the son or the daughter of a cousin dies, how long shall\nthey stay? How long for the righteous: How long for the sinners?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay ten days for the righteous,\ntwenty days for the sinners.'\n18.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I\ncleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,\nyou shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas\nthree times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall\nbind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the\ngood waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters\nmay enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha-Spentas\nmay enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'\n19.\n If the grandson of a cousin or the granddaughter of a cousin\ndies, how long shall they stay? How long for the righteous? How\nlong for the sinners? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay five days for the righteous,\nten days for the sinners.'\n20.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I\ncleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,\nyou shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas\nthree times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall\nbind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the\ngood waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters\nmay enter, then the fire may enter, and then the Amesha-Spentas\nmay enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'\n21.\n If a man dies, of whatever race he is, who does not belong\nto the true faith, or the true law, what part of the creation\nof the good spirit does he directly defile? What part does he\nindirectly defile?\n22.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'No more than a frog does whose venom\nis dried up, and that has been dead more than a year. Whilst alive,\nindeed, O Spitama Zarathushtra! such wicked, two-legged ruffian\nas an ungodly Ashemaogha, directly defiles the creatures of the\nGood Spirit, and indirectly defiles them.\n23.\n 'Whilst alive he smites the water; whilst alive he blows out\nthe fire; whilst alive he carries off the cow; whilst alive he\nsmites the faithful man with a deadly blow, that parts the soul\nfrom the body; not so will he do when dead.\n24.\n 'Whilst alive, indeed, O Spitama Zarathushtra! such wicked,\ntwo-legged ruffian as an ungodly Ashemaogha, robs the faithful\nman of the full possession of his food, of his clothing, of his\nwood, of his bed, of his vessels; not so will he do when dead.'\nFARGARD 13.\n-----------\nThe Dog.\n Ia.\n1.\n Which is the good creature among the creatures of the Good\nSpirit that from midnight till the sun is up goes and kills thousands\nof the creatures of the Evil Spirit?\n2.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'The dog with the prickly back, with\nthe long and thin muzzle, the dog Vanghapara, which evil-speaking\npeople call the Duzaka; this is the good creature among the creatures\nof the Good Spirit that from midnight till the sun is up goes\nand kills thousands of the creatures of the Evil Spirit.\n3.\n 'And whosoever, O Zarathushtra! shall kill the dog with the\nprickly back, with the long and thin muzzle, the dog Vanghapara,\nwhich evil-speaking people call the Duzaka, kills his own soul\nfor nine generations, nor shall he find a way over the Chinwad\nbridge, unless he has, while alive, atoned for his sin.'\n4.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man kill\nthe dog with the prickly back, with the long and thin muzzle,\nthe dog Vanghapara, which evil-speaking people call the Duzaka,\nwhat is the penalty that he shall pay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'A thousand stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\na thousand stripes with the Sraosho-charana.\n Ib.\n5.\n Which is the evil creature among the creatures of the Evil\nSpirit that from midnight till the sun is up goes and kills thousands\nof the creatures of the Good Spirit?\n6.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'The Daeva Zairimyangura, which evil-speaking\npeople call the Zairimyaka, this is the evil creature among the\ncreatures of the Evil Spirit that from midnight till the sun is\nup goes and kills thousands of the creatures of the Good Spirit.\n7.\n 'And whosoever, O Zarathushtra! shall kill the Daeva Zairimyangura,\nwhich evil-speaking people call the Zairimyaka, his sins in thought,\nword, and deed are redeemed as they would be by a Patet; his sins\nin thought, word, and deed are atoned for.\n II.\n8.\n 'Whosoever shall smite either a shepherd's dog, or a house-dog,\nor a Vohunazga dog, or a trained dog, his soul when passing to\nthe other world, shall fly howling louder and more sorely grieved\nthan the sheep does in the lofty forest where the wolf ranges.\n9.\n 'No soul will come and meet his departing soul and help it,\nhowling and grieved in the other world; nor will the dogs that\nkeep the [Chinwad] bridge help his departing soul howling and\ngrieved in the other world.\n10.\n 'If a man shall smite a shepherd's dog so that it becomes\nunfit for work, if he shall cut off its ear or its paw, and thereupon\na thief or a wolf break in and carry away [sheep] from the fold,\nwithout the dog giving any warning, the man shall pay for the\nloss, and he shall pay for the wound of the dog as for willful\nwounding.\n11.\n 'If a man shall smite a house-dog so that it becomes unfit\nfor work, if he shall cut off its ear or its paw, and thereupon\na thief or a wolf break in and carry away [anything] from the\nhouse, without the dog giving any warning, the man shall pay for\nthe loss, and he shall pay for the wound of the dog as for willful\nwounding.'\n12.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nsmite a shepherd's dog, so that it gives up the ghost and the\nsoul parts from the body, what is the penalty that he shall pay?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Eight hundred stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\neight hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n13.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nsmite a house-dog so that it gives up the ghost and the soul parts\nfrom the body, what is the penalty that he shall pay? \nAhura Mazda answered; 'Seven hundred stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\nseven hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n14.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nsmite a Vohunazga dog so that it gives up the ghost and the soul\nparts from the body, what is the penalty that he shall pay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Six hundred stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\nsix hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n15.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nsmite a Tauruna dog so that it gives up the ghost and the soul\nparts from the body, what is the penalty that he shall pay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Five hundred stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\nfive hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n16.\n 'This is the penalty for the murder of a Gazu dog, of a Vizu\ndog, of a porcupine dog, of a sharptoothed weasel, of a swift-running\nfox; this is the penalty for the murder of any of the creatures\nof the Good Spirit belonging to the dog kind, except the water-dog.'\n III.\n17.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What is the\nplace of the shepherd's dog? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'He comes and goes a Yugyesti round about\nthe fold, watching for the thief and the wolf.'\n18.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What is the\nplace of the house-dog? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'He comes and goes a Hathra round about\nthe house, watching for the thief and the wolf.'\n19.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What is the\nplace of the Vohunazga dog?. \nAhura Mazda answered: 'He claims none of those talents, and only\nseeks for his subsistence.'\n IV.\n20.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man give\nbad food to a shepherd's dog, of what sin does he make himself\nguilty? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'He makes himself guilty of the same guilt\nas though he should serve bad food to a master of a house of the\nfirst rank.'\n21.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man give\nbad food to a house-dog, of what sin does he make himself guilty?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'He makes himself guilty of the same guilt\nas though he should serve bad food to a master of a house of middle\nrank.'\n22.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man give\nbad food to a Vohunazga dog, of what sin does he make himself\nguilty? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'He makes himself guilty of the same guilt\nas though he should serve bad food to a holy man, who should come\nto his house in the character of a priest.'\n23.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man give\nbad food to a Tauruna dog, of what sin does he make himself guilty?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'He makes himself guilty of the same guilt\nas though he should serve bad food to a young man, born of pious\nparents, and who can already answer for his deeds.'\n24.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\ngive bad food to a shepherd's dog, what is the penalty that he\nshall pay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes\nwith the Aspahe-astra, two hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n25.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\ngive bad food to a house-dog, what is the penalty that he shall\npay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Ninety stripes with the Aspahe-astra, ninety\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n26.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\ngive bad food to a Vohunazga dog, what is the penalty that he\nshall pay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Seventy stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\nseventy stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n27.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\ngive bad food to a Tauruna dog, what is the penalty that he shall\npay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Fifty stripes with the Aspahe-astra, fifty\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana.\n28.\n 'For in this material world, O Spitama Zarathushtra! it is\nthe dog, of all the-creatures of the Good Spirit, that most quickly\ndecays into age, while not eating near eating people, and watching\ngoods none of which it receives. Bring ye unto him milk and fat\nwith meat; this is the right food for the dog.'\n V.\n29.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If there be\nin the house of a worshipper of Mazda a mad dog that bites without\nbarking, what shall the worshippers of Mazda do?\n30.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall put a wooden collar around\nhis neck, and they shall tie thereto a muzzle, an asti thick if\nthe wood be hard, two astis thick if it be soft. To that collar\nthey shall tie it; by the two sides of the collar they shall tie\nit.\n31.\n 'If they shall not do so, and the mad dog that bites without\nbarking, smite a sheep or wound a man, the dog shall pay for the\nwound of the wounded as for willful murder.\n32.\n 'If the dog shall smite a sheep or wound a man, they shall\ncut off his right ear. \n'If he shall smite another sheep or wound another man, they shall\ncut off his left ear.\n33.\n 'If he shall smite a third sheep or wound a third man, they\nshall make a cut in his right foot. If he shall smite a fourth\nsheep or wound a fourth man, they shall make a cut in his left\nfoot.\n34.\n 'If he shall for the fifth time smite a sheep or wound a man,\nthey shall cut off his tail. \n'Therefore they shall tie a muzzle to the collar; by the two sides\nof the collar they shall tie it. If they shall not do so, and\nthe mad dog that bites without barking, smite a sheep or wound\na man, he shall pay for the wound of the wounded as for willful\nmurder.'\n35.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If there be\nin the house of a worshipper of Mazda a mad dog, who has no scent,\nwhat shall the worshippers of Mazda do? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'They shall attend him to heal him, in the\nsame manner as they would do for one of the faithful.'\n36.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If they try\nto heal him and fail, what shall the worshippers of Mazda do?\n37.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall put a wooden collar around\nhis neck, and they shall tie thereto a muzzle, an asti thick if\nthe wood be hard, two astis thick if it be soft. To that collar\nthey shall tie it; by the two sides of the collar they shall tie\nit.\n38.\n 'If they shall not do so, the scentless dog may fall into\na hole, or a well, or a precipice, or a river, or a canal, and\ncome to grief: if he come to grief so, they shall be therefore\nPeshotanus.\n VI.\n39.\n 'The dog, O Spitama Zarathushtra! I, Ahura Mazda, have made\nself-clothed and self-shod; watchful and wakeful; and sharp-toothed;\nborn to take his food from man and to watch over man's goods.\nI, Ahura Mazda, have made the dog strong of body against the evil-doer,\nwhen sound of mind and watchful over your goods.\n40.\n 'And whosoever shall awake at his voice, O Spitama Zarathushtra!\nneither shall the thief nor the wolf carry anything from his house,\nwithout his being warned; the wolf shall be smitten and torn to\npieces; he is driven away, he melts away like snow.'\n VII.\n41.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Which of the\ntwo wolves deserves more to be killed, the one that a he-dog begets\nof a she-wolf, or the one that a he-wolf begets of a she-dog?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Of these two wolves, the one that a he-dog\nbegets of a she-wolf deserves more to be killed than the one that\na he-wolf begets of a she-dog.\n42.\n 'For the dogs born therefrom fall on the shepherd's dog, on\nthe house-dog, on the Vohu-nazga dog, on the trained dog, and\ndestroy the folds; such dogs are more murderous, more mischievous,\nmore destructive to the folds than any other dogs.\n43.\n 'And the wolves born therefrom fall on the shepherd's dog,\non the house-dog, on the Vohunazga dog, on the trained dog, and\ndestroy the folds; such wolves are more murderous, more mischievous,\nmore destructive to the folds than any other wolves.\n VIII.\n44.\n 'A dog has the characters of eight sorts of people:- \n'He has the character of a priest, \n'He has the character of a warrior, \n'He has the character of a husbandman, \n'He has the character of a strolling singer, \n'He has the character of a thief, \n'He has the character of a disu, \n'He has the character of a courtesan, \n'He has the character of a child.\n45.\n 'He eats the refuse, like a priest; he is easily satisfied,\nlike a priest; he is patient, like a priest; he wants only a small\npiece of bread, like a priest; in these things he is like unto\na priest. \n'He marches in front, like a warrior; he fights for the beneficent\ncow, like a warrior; he goes first out of the house, like a warrior;\nin these things he is like unto a warrior.\n46.\n 'He is watchful and sleeps lightly, like a husbandman; he\ngoes first out of the house, like a husbandman; he returns last\ninto the house, like a husbandman; in these things he is like\nunto a husbandman. \n'He is fond of singing, like a strolling singer; he wounds him\nwho gets too near, like a strolling singer; he is ill-trained,\nlike a strolling singer; he is changeful, like a strolling singer;\nin these things he is like unto a strolling singer.\n47.\n 'He is fond of darkness, like a thief; he prowls about in\ndarkness, like a thief; he is a shameless eater, like a thief;\nhe is therefore an unfaithful keeper, like a thief; in these things\nhe is like unto a thief. \n'He is fond of darkness, like a disu; he prowls about in darkness,\nlike a disu; he is a shameless eater, like a disu; he is therefore\nan unfaithful keeper, like a disu; in these things he is like\nunto a disu.\n48.\n 'He is fond of singing, like a courtesan; he wounds him who\ngets too near, like a courtesan; he roams along the roads, like\na courtesan; he is ill-trained, like a courtesan; he is changeful,\nlike a courtesan; in these things he is like unto a courtesan.\n \n'He is fond of sleep, like a child; he is tender like snow, like\na child; he is full of tongue, like a child; he digs the earth\nwith his paws, like a child; in these things he is like unto a\nchild.\n IX.\n49.\n 'If those two dogs of mine, the shepherd's dog and the house-dog,\npass by any of my houses, let them never be kept away from it.\n \n'For no house could subsist on the earth made by Ahura, but for\nthose two dogs of mine, the shepherd's dog and the house-dog.'\n X.\n50.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When a dog dies,\nwith marrow and seed dried up, whereto does his ghost go?\n51.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'It passes to the spring of the waters,\nO Spitama Zarathushtra! and there out of them two water-dogs are\nformed: out of every thousand dogs and every thousand she-dogs,\na couple is formed, a water-dog and a water she-dog.\n52.\n 'He who kills a water-dog brings about a drought that dries\nup pastures. \n'Until then, O Spitama Zarathushtra! sweetness and fatness would\nflow out from that land and from those fields, with health and\nhealing, with fullness and increase and growth, and a growing\nof corn and grass.'\n53.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When are sweetness\nand fatness to come back again to that land and to those fields,\nwith health and healing, with fullness and increase and growth,\nand a growing of corn and grass?\n54, 55.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Sweetness and fatness will never come\nback again to that land and to those fields, with health and healing,\nwith fullness and increase and growth, and a growing of corn and\ngrass, until the murderer of the water-dog has been smitten to\ndeath on the spot, and the holy soul of the dog has been offered\nup a sacrifice, for three days and three nights, with fire blazing,\nwith Baresma tied up, and with Haoma prepared.\n56.\n ['Then sweetness and fatness will come back again to that\nland and to those fields, with health and healing, with fullness\nand increase and growth, and a growing of corn and grass.']\nFARGARD 14.\n-----------\nAtoning for the murder of a water-dog \n1.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Ahura Mazda, most beneficent\nSpirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! He who smites\none of those water-dogs that are born one from a thousand dogs\nand a thousand she-dogs, so that he gives up the ghost and the\nsoul parts from the body, what is the penalty that he shall pay?'\n2.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He shall pay ten thousand stripes with\nthe Aspahe-astra, ten thousand stripes with the Sraosho-charana.\n \n'He shall godly and piously bring unto the fire of Ahura Mazda\nten thousand loads of hard, well dried, well examined wood, to\nredeem his own soul.\n3.\n 'He shall godly and piously, bring unto the fire of Ahura\nMazda ten thousand loads of soft wood, of Urvasna, Vohu-gaona,\nVohu-kereti, Hadha-naepata, or any sweet-scented plant, to redeem\nhis own soul.\n4.\n 'He shall godly and piously tie ten thousand bundles of Baresma,\nto redeem his own soul. \n'He shall offer up to the Good Waters ten thousand Zaothra libations\nwith the Haoma and the milk, cleanly prepared and well strained,\ncleanly prepared and well strained by a pious man, and mixed with\nthe roots of the tree known as Hadha-naepata, to redeem his own\nsoul.\n5.\n 'He shall kill ten thousand snakes of those that go upon the\nbelly. He shall kill ten thousand Kahrpus, who are snakes with\nthe shape of a dog. He shall hill ten thousand tortoises. He shall\nkill ten thousand land-frogs; he shall kill ten thousand water-frogs.\nHe shall kill ten thousand corn-carrying ants; he shall kill ten\nthousand ants of the small, venomous mischievous kind.\n6.\n 'He shall kill ten thousand worms of those that live on dirt;\nhe shall kill ten thousand raging flies. \n'He shall fill up ten thousand holes for the unclean. \n'He shall godly and piously give to godly men twice the set of\nseven implements for the fire, to redeem his own soul, namely:-\n7.\n 'The two answering implements for fire; a broom; a pair of\ntongs; a pair of round bellows extended at the bottom, contracted\nat the top; a sharp-edged sharp-pointed adze; a sharp-toothed\nsharp-pointed saw; by means of which the worshippers of Mazda\nprocure wood for the fire of Ahura Mazda.\n8.\n 'He shall godly and piously give to godly men a set of the\npriestly instruments of which the priests make use, to redeem\nhis own soul, namely: The Astra; the meat-vessel; the Paitidana;\nthe Khrafstraghna; the Sraosho-charana; the cup for the Myazda;\nthe cups for mixing and dividing; the regular mortar; the Haoma\ncups; and the Baresma.\n9.\n 'He shall godly and piously give to godly men a set of all\nthe war implements of which the warriors make use, to redeem his\nown soul; \n'The first being a javelin, the second a sword, the third a club,\nthe fourth a bow, the fifth a saddle with a quiver and thirty\nbrass-headed arrows, the sixth a sling with arm-string and with\nthirty sling stones; \n'The seventh a cuirass, the eighth a hauberk, the ninth a tunic,\nthe tenth a helmet, the eleventh a girdle, the twelfth a pair\nof greaves.\n10.\n 'He shall godly and piously give to godly men a set of all\nthe implements of which the husbandmen make use, to redeem his\nown soul, namely: A plough with yoke and ...1; a goad for ox;\na mortar of stone; a round-headed hand-mill for grinding corn;\n11.\n 'A spade for digging and tilling; one measure of silver and\none measure of gold.' \nO Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How much silver?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'The price of a stallion.' \nO Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How much gold? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'The price of a he-camel.\n12.\n 'He shall godly and piously procure a rill of running water\nfor godly husbandmen, to redeem his own soul.' \nO Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How large is the\nrill? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'The depth of a dog, and the breadth of\na dog.\n13.\n 'He shall godly and piously give a piece of arable land to\ngodly men, to redeem his own soul.' \nO Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How large is the\npiece of land? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'As much as can be watered with such a rill\ndivided into two canals.\n14.\n 'He shall godly and piously procure for godly men a stable\nfor oxen, with nine hathras and nine nematas, to redeem his own\nsoul.' \nO Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How large is the\nstable? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'It shall have twelve alleys in the largest\npart of the house, nine alleys in the middle part, six alleys\nin the smallest part. \n'He shall godly and piously give to godly men goodly beds with\nSheets and cushions, to redeem his own soul.\n15.\n 'He shall godly and piously give in marriage to a godly man\na virgin maid, whom no man has known, to redeem his own soul.'\n \nO Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What sort of maid?\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'A sister or a daughter of his, at the age\nof puberty, with ear-rings in her ears and past her fifteenth\nyear.\n16.\n 'He shall godly and piously give to holy men twice seven head\nof small cattle, to redeem his own soul.' \n'He shall bring up twice seven whelps. \n'He shall throw twice seven bridges over canal.\n17.\n 'He shall put into repair twice nine stables that are out\nof repair. \n'He shall cleanse twice nine dogs from stipti, anairiti, and vyangura,\nand all the diseases that are produced on the body of a dog. \n'He shall treat twice nine godly men to their fill of meat, bread,\nstrong drink, and wine.\n18.\n 'This is the penalty, this is the atonement which saves the\nfaithful man who submits to it not him who does not submit to\nit. Such a one shall surely be an inhabitant in the mansion of\nthe Druj.'\nFARGARD 15.\n-----------\nRegarding certain sins and obligations \n I.\n1.\n How many are the sins that men commit and that, being committed\nand not confessed, nor atoned for, make their committer a Peshotanu?\n2.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'There are five such sins, O holy Zarathushtra!\nIt is the first of these sins that men commit when a man teaches\none of the faithful another faith, another law, a lower doctrine,\nand he leads him astray with a full knowledge and conscience of\nthe sin: the man who has done the deed becomes a Peshotanu.\n3.\n 'It is the second of these sins when a man gives bones too\nhard or food too hot to a shepherd's dog or to a house-dog;\n4.\n 'If the bones stick in the dog's teeth or stop in his throat;\nor if the food too hot burn his mouth or his tongue, he may come\nto grief thereby; if he come to grief thereby, the man who has\ndone the deed becomes a Peshotanu.\n5.\n 'It is the third of these sins when a man smites a bitch big\nwith young or affrights her by running after her, or shouting\nor clapping with the hands;\n6.\n 'If the bitch fall into a hole, or a well, or a precipice,\nor a river, or a canal, she may come to grief thereby; if she\ncome to grief thereby, the man who has done the deed becomes a\nPeshotanu.\n7.\n 'It is the fourth of these sins when a man has intercourse\nwith a woman who has the whites or sees the blood, the man that\nhas done the deed becomes a Peshotanu.\n8.\n 'It is the fifth of these sins when a man has intercourse\nwith a woman quick with child, whether the milk has already come\nto her breasts or has not yet come: she may come to grief thereby;\nif she come to grief thereby, the man who has done the deed becomes\na Peshotanu.\n IIa.\n9.\n 'If a man come near unto a damsel, either dependent on the\nchief of the family or not dependent, either delivered [unto a\nhusband] or not delivered, and she conceives by him, let her not,\nbeing ashamed of the people, produce in herself the menses, against\nthe course of nature, by means of water and plants.\n10.\n 'And if the damsel, being ashamed of the people, shall produce\nin herself the menses gainst the course of nature, by means of\nwater and plants, it is a fresh sin as heavy [as the first]3.\n11.\n 'If a man come near unto a damsel, either dependent on the\nchief of the family or not dependent, either delivered [unto a\nhusband] or not delivered, and she conceives by him, let her not,\nbeing ashamed of the people, destroy the fruit in her womb.\n12.\n 'And if the damsel, being ashamed of the people, shall destroy\nthe fruit in her womb, the sin is on both the father and herself,\nthe murder is on both the father and herself; both the father\nand herself shall pay the penalty for willful murder.\n IIb.\n13.\n 'If a man come near unto a damsel, either dependent on the\nchief of the family or not dependent, either delivered [unto a\nhusband] or not delivered, and she conceives by him, and she says,\n\"I have conceived by thee;\" and he replies, \"Go\nthen to the old woman and apply to her for one of her drugs, that\nshe may procure thee miscarriage;\"\n14.\n 'And the damsel goes to the old woman and applies to her for\none of her drugs, that she may procure her miscarriage; and the\nold woman brings her some Banga, or Shaeta, a drug that kills\nin the womb or one that expels out of the womb, or some other\nof the drugs that produce miscarriage and [the man says], \"Cause\nthy fruit to perish!\" and she causes her fruit to perish;\nthe sin is on the head of all three, the man, the damsel, and\nthe old woman.\n15.\n 'If a man come near unto a damsel, either dependent on the\nchief of the family or not dependent, either delivered [unto a\nhusband] or not delivered, and she conceives by him, so long shall\nhe support her, until the child be born.\n16.\n 'If he shall not support her, so that the child comes to grief,\nfor want of proper support, he shall pay for it the penalty for\nwillful murder.'\n17.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If she be near\nher time, which is the worshipper of Mazda that shall support\nher?\n18.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'If a man come near unto a damsel, either\ndependent on the chief of the family or not dependent, either\ndelivered [unto a husband] or not delivered, and she conceives\nby him, so long shall he support her, until the child be born.\n19.\n 'If he shall not support her .... \n'It lies with the faithful to look in the same way after every\npregnant female, either two-footed or four-footed, two-footed\nwoman or four-footed bitch.'\n III.\n20.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If (a bitch)\nbe near her time, which is the worshipper of Mazda that shall\nsupport her?\n21.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He whose house stands nearest, the\ncare of supporting her is his; so long shall he support her, until\nthe whelps be born.\n22.\n 'If he shall not support her, so that the whelps come to grief,\nfor want of proper support; he shall pay for it the penalty for\nwillful murder.'\n23.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a bitch be\nnear her time and be lying in a stable for camels, which is the\nworshipper of Mazda that shall support her?\n24.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He who built the stable for camels\nor whoso holds it, the care of supporting her is his; so long\nshall he support her, until the whelps be born.\n25.\n 'If he shall not support her, so that the whelps come to grief,\nfor want of proper support, he shall pay for it the penalty for\nwillful murder.'\n26.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a bitch be\nnear her time and be lying in a stable for horses, which is the\nworshipper of Mazda that shall support her?\n27.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He who built the stable for horses\nor whoso holds it, the care of supporting her is his; so long\nshall he support her, until the whelps be born.\n28.\n 'If he shall not support her, so that the whelps come to grief,\nfor want of proper support, he shall pay for it the penalty for\nwillful murder.'\n29.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a bitch be\nnear her time and be lying in a stable for oxen, which is the\nworshipper of Mazda that shall support her?\n30.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He who built the stable for oxen or\nwhoso holds it, the care of supporting her is his; so long shall\nhe support her, until the whelps be born.\n31.\n 'If he shall not support her, so that the whelps come to grief,\nfor want of proper support, he shall pay for it the penalty for\nwillful murder.'\n32.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a bitch be\nnear her time and be lying in a sheep-fold, which is the worshipper\nof Mazda that shall support her?\n33.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He who built the sheepfold or whoso\nholds it, the care of supporting her is his; so long shall he\nsupport her, until the whelps be born.\n34.\n 'If he shall not support her so that the whelps come to grief,\nfor want of proper support, he shall pay for it the penalty for\nwillful murder.'\n35.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a bitch be\nnear her time and be lying on the earth-wall, which is the worshipper\nof Mazda that shall support her?\n36.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He who erected the wall or whoso holds\nit, the care of supporting her is his; so long shall he support\nher, until the whelps be born.\n37.\n 'If he shall not support her, so that the whelps come to grief,\nfor want of proper support, he shall pay for it the penalty for\nwillful murder.'\n38.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a bitch be\nnear her time and be lying in the moat, which is the worshipper\nof Mazda that shall support her?\n39.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He who dug the moat or whoso holds\nit, the care of supporting her is his; so long shall he support\nher, until the whelps be born.\n40.\n 'If he shall not support her, so that the whelps come to grief,\nfor want of proper support, he shall pay for it the penalty for\nwillful murder.'\n41.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a bitch be\nnear her time and be lying in the middle of a pasture-field, which\nis the worshipper of Mazda that shall support her?\n42.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'He who sowed the pasture-field or whoso\nholds it, the care of supporting her is his; [so long shall he\nsupport her, until the whelps be born. If he shall not support\nher, so that the whelps come to grief, for want of proper support,\nhe shall pay for it the penalty for willful murder.]\n43.\n 'He shall take her to rest upon a litter of nemovanta or of\nany foliage fit for a litter; so long shall he support her, until\nthe young dogs are capable of self-defense and self-subsistence.'\n44.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When are the\ndogs capable of self-defense and self-subsistence?\n45.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'When they are able to run about in\na circuit of twice seven houses around. Then they may be let loose,\nwhether it be winter or summer. \n'Young dogs ought to be supported for six months, children for\nseven years. \n'Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda, watches as well (over a pregnant\nbitch) as he does over a woman.'\n IV.\n46.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If worshippers\nof Mazda want to have a bitch so covered that the offspring shall\nbe one of a strong nature, what shall they do?\n47.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall dig a hole in the earth,\nin the middle of the fold half a foot deep if the earth be hard,\nhalf the height of a man if the earth be soft.\n48.\n 'They shall first tie up [the bitch] there, far from children\nand from the Fire, the son of Ahura Mazda, and they shall watch\nby her until a dog comes there from anywhere; then another again,\nand then a third again, each being kept apart from the former,\nlest they should assail one another.\n49.\n 'The bitch being thus covered by three dogs, grows big with\nyoung, and the milk comes to her teats and she brings forth a\nyoung one that is born from several dogs.'\n50.\n If a man smite a bitch who has been covered by three dogs,\nand who has already milk, and who shall bring forth a young one\nborn from several dogs, what is the penalty that he shall pay?\n51.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Seven hundred stripes with the Aspahe-astra,\nseven hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\nFARGARD 16.\n-----------\nPurity laws regarding menstruation \n I.\n1.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If there be\nin the house of a worshipper of Mazda a woman who has the whites\nor sees blood, what shall the worshippers of Mazda do?\n2.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall clear the way of the wood\nthere, both plants and trees; they shall strew dry dust on the\nground; and they shall isolate a half, or a third, or a fourth,\nor a fifth part of the house, lest her look should fall upon the\nfire.'\n3.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How far from\nthe fire? How far from the water? How far from the consecrated\nbundles of Baresma? How far from the faithful?\n4.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Fifteen paces from the fire, fifteen\npaces from the water, fifteen paces from the consecrated bundles\nof Baresma, three paces from the faithful.'\n5.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How far from\nher shall he stay, who brings food to a woman who has the whites\nor sees the blood?\n6.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Three paces from her shall he stay,\nwho brings food to a woman who has the whites or sees the blood.'\n \nIn what kind of vessels shall he bring her bread? In what kind\nof vessels shall he bring her barley-drink? \n'In vessels of brass, or of lead, or of any common metal.'\n7.\n How much bread shall he bring to her? How much barley-drink\nshall he bring? \n'Two danares of dry bread, and one danare of liquor, lest she\nshould get too weak. \n'If a child has just touched her, they shall first wash his hands\nand then his body.\n II.\n8.\n 'If she still see blood after three nights have passed, she\nshall sit in the place of infirmity until four nights have passed.\n \n'If she still see blood after four nights have passed, she shall\nsit in the place of infirmity until five nights have passed.\n9.\n 'If she still see blood after five nights have passed, she\nshall sit in the place of infirmity until six nights have passed.\n \n'If she still see blood after six nights have passed, she shall\nsit in the place of infirmity until seven nights have passed.\n10.\n 'If she still see blood after seven nights have passed, she\nshall sit in the place of infirmity until eight nights have passed.\n \n'If she still see blood after eight nights have passed, she shall\nsit in the place of infirmity until nine nights have passed.\n11.\n 'If she still see blood after nine nights have passed, this\nis a work of the Daevas which they have performed for the worship\nand glorification of the Daevas. \n'The worshippers of Mazda shall clear the way of the wood there,\nboth plants and trees;\n12.\n 'They shall dig three holes in the earth, and they shall wash\nthe woman with gomez by two of those holes and with water by the\nthird. \n'They shall kill Khrafstras, to wit: two hundred corn-carrying\nants, if it be summer; two hundred of any other sort of the Khrafstras\nmade by Angra Mainyu, if it be winter.'\n III.\n13.\n If a worshipper of Mazda shall suppress the issue of a woman\nwho has the whites or sees blood, what is the penalty that he\nshall pay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes\nwith the Aspahe-astra, two hundred stripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n14.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall\nagain and again lasciviously touch the body of a woman who has\nthe whites or sees blood, so that the whites turn to the blood\nor the blood turns to the whites, what is the penalty that he\nshall pay?\n15.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'For the first time he comes near unto\nher, for the first time he lies by her, thirty stripes with the\nAspahe-astra, thirty stripes with the Sraosho-charana. \n'For the second time he comes near unto her, for the second time\nhe lies by her, fifty stripes with the Aspahe-astra, fifty stripes\nwith the Sraosho-charana. \n'For the third time he comes near unto her, for the third time\nhe lies by her, seventy stripes with the Aspahe-astra, seventy\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana.'\n16.\n For the fourth time he comes near unto her, for the fourth\ntime he lies by her, if he shall press the body under her clothes,\nif he shall go in between the unclean thighs, but without sexual\nintercourse, what is the penalty that he shall pay? \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Ninety stripes with the Aspahe-astra, ninety\nstripes with the Sraosho-charana.\n17.\n 'Whosoever shall he in sexual intercourse with a woman who\nhas the whites or sees blood does no better deed than if he should\nburn the corpse of his own son, born of his own body and dead\nof naeza, and drop its fat into the fire.\n18.\n 'All wicked, embodiments of the Druj, are scorners of the\njudge: all scorners of the judge are rebels against the Sovereign:\nall rebels against the Sovereign are ungodly men; and all ungodly\nmen are worthy of death.'\nFARGARD 17.\n-----------\nHair and nails \n I.\n1.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Ahura Mazda, most beneficent\nSpirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Which is the\nmost deadly deed whereby a man offers up a sacrifice to the Daevas!'\n2.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is when a man here below, combing\nhis hair or shaving it off, or paring off his nails, drops them\nin a hole or in a crack.\n3.\n 'Then by this transgression of the rites, Daevas are produced\nin the earth; by this transgression of the rites, those Khrafstras\nare produced in the earth which men call lice, and which eat up\nthe corn in the corn-field and the clothes in the wardrobe.\n4.\n 'Therefore, thou, O Zarathushtra! whenever here below thou\nshalt comb thy hair or shave it off, or pare off thy nails, thou\nshalt take them away ten paces from the faithful, twenty paces\nfrom the fire, thirty paces from the water, fifty paces from the\nconsecrated bundles of Baresma.\n5.\n 'Then thou shalt dig a hole, a disti [ten fingers] deep if\nthe earth be hard, a vitasti [twelve fingers] deep if it be soft;\nthou shalt take the hair down there and thou shalt say aloud these\nvictorious words: \"For him, as a reward, Mazda made the plants\ngrow up.\"\n6.\n 'Thereupon thou shalt draw three furrows with a knife of metal\naround the hole, or six furrows or nine, and thou shall chant\nthe Ahuna-Vairya three times, or six, or nine.\n II.\n7.\n 'For the nails, thou shalt dig a hole, out of the house, as\ndeep as the top joint of the little finger; thou shalt take the\nnails down there and thou shalt say aloud these victorious words:\n\"The things that the pure proclaim through Asha and Vohu-mano.\"\n8.\n 'Then thou shalt draw three furrows with a knife of metal\naround the hole, or six furrows or nine, and thou shalt chant\nthe Ahuna-Vairya three times, or six, or nine.\n9.\n 'And then: \"O Asho-zushta bird! these nails I announce\nand consecrate unto thee. May they be for thee so many spears\nand knives, so many bows and falcon-winged arrows and so many\nsling-stones against the Mazainya Daevas!\"\n10.\n 'If those nails have not been consecrated (to the bird), they\nshall be in the hands of the Mazainya Daevas so many spears and\nknives so many bows and falcon-winged arrows, and so many sling-stones\n(against the Mazainya Daevas).\n11.\n 'All wicked, embodiments of the Druj, are scorners of the\njudge: all scorners of the judge are rebels against the Sovereign:\nall rebels against the Sovereign are ungodly men; and all ungodly\nmen are worthy of death.'\nFARGARD 18.\n-----------\n I.\n1.\n 'There is many a one, O holy Zarathushtra!' said Ahura Mazda,\n'Who wears a wrong Paitidana, and who has not girded his loins\nwith the Religion; When such a man says, \"I am an Athravan,\"\nhe lies; do not call him an Athravan, O holy Zarathushtra!' thus\nsaid Ahura Mazda.\n2.\n 'He holds a wrong Khrafstraghna in his hand and he has not\ngirded his loins with the Religion; when he says, \"I am an\nAthravan,\" he lies; do not call him an Athravan, O holy Zarathushtra!\nthus said Ahura Mazda.\n3.\n 'He holds a wrong twig in his hand and he has not girded his\nloins with the Religion; when he says, \"I am an Athravan,\"\nhe lies; do not call him an Athravan, O holy Zarathushtra!' thus\nsaid Ahura Mazda.\n4.\n 'He wields a wrong Astra mairya and he has not girded his\nloins with the Religion; when he says, \"I am an Athravan,\"\nhe lies; do not call him an Athravan, O holy Zarathushtra!' thus\nsaid Ahura Mazda.\n5.\n 'He who sleeps on throughout the night, neither performing\nthe Yasna nor chanting the hymns, worshipping neither by word\nnor by deed, neither learning nor teaching, with a longing for\n(everlasting) life, he lies when he says, \"I am an Athravan,\"\ndo not call him an Athravan, O holy Zarathushtra!' thus said Ahura\nMazda.\n6.\n 'Him thou shalt call an Athravan, O holy Zarathushtra! who\nthroughout the night sits up and demands of the holy Wisdom, which\nmakes man free from anxiety, and wide of heart, and easy of conscience\nat the head of the Chinwad bridge, and which makes him reach that\nworld, that holy world, that excellent world of Paradise.\n7.\n '(Therefore) demand of me, thou upright one! of me, who am\nthe Maker, the most beneficent of all beings, the best knowing,\nthe most pleased in answering what is asked of me; demand of me,\nthat thou mayst be the better, that thou mayst be the happier.'\n8.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Maker of the material world,\nthou Holy One! What is it that brings in the unseen power of Death?'\n9.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is the man that teaches a wrong\nReligion; it is the man who continues for three springs without\nwearing the sacred girdle, without chanting the Gathas, without\nworshipping the Good Waters.\n10.\n 'And he who should set that man at liberty, when bound in\nprison, does no better deed than if he should cut a man's head\noff his neck.\n11.\n 'For the blessing uttered by a wicked, ungodly Ashemaogha\ndoes not go past the mouth (of the blesser); the blessing of two\nAshemaoghas does not go past the tongue; the blessing of three\nis nothing; the blessing of four turns to self-cursing.\n12.\n 'Whosoever should give to a wicked, ungodly Ashemaogha either\nsome Haoma prepared, or some Myazda consecrated with blessings,\ndoes no better deed than if he should lead a thousand horse against\nthe boroughs of the worshippers of Mazda, and should slaughter\nthe men thereof, and drive off the cattle as plunder.\n13.\n 'Demand of me, thou upright one! of me, who am the Maker,\nthe most beneficent of all beings, the best knowing, the most\npleased in answering what is asked of me; demand of me, that thou\nmayst be the better, that thou mayst be the happier.'\n II.\n14.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'Who is the Sraosha-varez\nof Sraosha? the holy, strong Sraosha, who is Obedience incarnate,\na Sovereign with an astounding weapon.'\n15.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is the bird named Parodars, which\nill-speaking people call Kahrkatas, O holy Zarathushtra! the bird\nthat lifts up his voice against the mighty Ushah:\n16.\n '\"Arise, O men! recite the Ashem yad vahistem\nthat smites down the Daevas. Lo! here is Bushyasta, the long-handed,\ncoming upon you, who lulls to sleep again the whole living world,\nas soon as it has awoke: 'Sleep!' [she says,] 'O poor man! the\ntime is not yet come.'\"\n17.\n '\"On the three excellent things be never intent, namely,\ngood thoughts, good words, and good deeds; on the three abominable\nthings be ever intent, namely, bad thoughts, bad words, and bad\ndeeds.\"\n18.\n 'On the first part of the night, Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda,\ncalls the master of the house for help, saying:\n19.\n '\"Up! arise, thou master of the house! put on thy girdle\non thy clothes, wash thy hands, take wood, bring it unto me, and\nlet me burn bright with the clean wood, carried by thy well-washed\nhands. Here comes Azi, made by the Daevas, who consumes me and\nwants to put me out of the world.\"\n20.\n 'On the second part of the night, Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda,\ncalls the husbandman for help, saying;\n21.\n '\"Up! arise, thou husbandman! Put on thy girdle on thy\nclothes, wash thy hands, take wood, bring it unto me, and let\nme burn bright with the clean wood, carried by thy well-washed\nhands. Here comes Azi, made by the Daevas, who consumes me and\nwants to put me out of the world.\"\n22.\n 'On the third part of the night, Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda,\ncalls the holy Sraosha for help, saying: \"Come thou, holy,\nwell-formed Sraosha, [then he brings unto me some clean wood with\nhis well-washed hands.] Here comes Azi, made by the Daevas, who\nconsumes me and wants to put me out of the world.\"\n23.\n 'And then the holy Sraosha wakes up the bird named Parodars,\nwhich ill-speaking people call Kahrkatas, and the bird lifts up\nhis voice against the mighty Ushah:\n24.\n '\"Arise, O men! recite the Ashem yad vahistem\n[Ashem Vohu] and the Naismi daevo [the Creed, Y12]. Lo!\nhere is Bushyasta, the long-handed, coming upon you, who lulls\nto sleep again the whole living world as soon as it has awoke:\n'Sleep!' [she says,] 'O poor man! the time is not yet come.'\"\n25.\n '\"On the three excellent things be never intent, namely,\ngood thoughts, good words, and good deeds; on the three abominable\nthings be ever intent, namely, bad thoughts, bad words, and bad\ndeeds.\"\n26.\n 'And then bed-fellows address one another: \"Rise up,\nhere is the cock calling me up.\" Whichever of the two first\ngets up shall first enter Paradise: whichever of the two shall\nfirst, with well-washed hands, bring clean wood unto Atar, the\nson of Ahura Mazda, Atar, well pleased with him and not angry,\nand fed as it required, will thus bless him:\n27.\n '\"May herds of oxen and sons accrue to thee: may thy\nmind be master of its vow, may thy soul be master of its vow,\nand mayst thou live on in the joy of thy soul all the nights of\nthy life.\" \n'This is the blessing which Atar speaks unto him who brings him\ndry wood, well examined by the light of the day, well cleansed\nwith godly intent.\n28.\n 'And whosoever will kindly and piously present one of the\nfaithful with a pair of these my Parodars birds, a male and a\nfemale, O Spitama Zarathushtra! it is as though he had given a\nhouse with a hundred columns, a thousand beams, ten thousand large\nwindows, ten thousand small windows.\n29.\n 'And whosoever shall give meat to one of the faithful, as\nmuch of it as the body of this Parodars bird of mine, I, Ahura\nMazda, need not interrogate him twice; he shall directly go to\nParadise.'\n III.\n30.\n The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her asked the\nDruj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! Thou then, alone in the\nmaterial world, dost bear offspring without any male coming unto\nthee?'\n31.\n The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, well-formed Sraosha! It\nis not so, nor do I, alone in the material world, bear offspring\nwithout any male coming unto me.\n32.\n 'For there are four males of mine; and they make me conceive\nprogeny as other males make their females conceive by their seed.'\n33.\n The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her, asked the\nDruj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! Who is the first of those\nmales of thine?'\n34.\n The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, well-formed Sraosha! He\nis the first of my males who, being entreated by one of the faithful,\ndoes not give him anything, be it ever so little, of the riches\nhe has treasured up.\n35.\n 'That man makes me conceive progeny as other males make their\nfemales conceive by their seed.'\n36.\n The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her, asked the\nDruj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! What is the thing that\ncan undo that?'\n37.\n The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, well-formed Sraosha! This\nis the thing that undoes it, namely, when a man unasked, kindly\nand piously, gives to one of the faithful something, be it ever\nso little, of the riches he has treasured up.\n38.\n 'He does thereby as thoroughly destroy the fruit of my womb\nas a four-footed wolf does, who tears the child out of a mother's\nwomb.'\n39.\n The holy Sraosha, letting down his club upon her, asked the\nDruj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! Who is the second of those\nmales of thine?'\n40.\n The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, well-formed Sraosha! He\nis the second of my males who, making water, lets it fall along\nthe upper forepart of his foot.\n41.\n 'That man makes me conceive progeny as other males make their\nfemales conceive by their seed.'\n42.\n The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her, asked the\nDruj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! What is the thing that\ncan undo that?'\n43.\n The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, wall-formed Sraosha! This\nis the thing that undoes it, namely, when the man rising up and\nstepping three steps further off, shall say three Ahuna-Vairya,\ntwo humatanam, three hukhshathrotemam, and then chant the Ahuna-Vairya\nand offer up one Yenhe hatam.\n44.\n 'He does thereby as thoroughly destroy the fruit of my womb\nas a four-footed wolf does, 'who tears the child out of a mother's\nwomb.'\n45.\n The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her, asked the\nDruj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! Who is the third of those\nmales of thine?'\n46.\n The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, well-formed Sraosha! He\nis the third of my males who during his sleep emits seed.\n47.\n 'That man makes me conceive progeny as other males make their\nfemales conceive progeny by their seed.'\n48.\n The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her, asked the\nDruj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! What is the thing that\ncan undo that?'\n49.\n The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, well-formed Sraosha! this\nis the thing that undoes it, namely, if the man, when he has risen\nfrom sleep, shall say three Ahuna-Vairya, two humatanam, three\nhukhshathrotemam, and then chant the Ahuna-Vairya and offer up\none Yenhe hatam.\n50.\n 'He does thereby as thoroughly destroy the fruit of my womb\nas a four-footed wolf does who tears the child out of a mother's\nwomb.'\n51.\n Then he shall speak unto Spenta Armaiti, saying: 'O Spenta\nArmaiti, this man do I deliver unto thee; this man deliver thou\nback unto me, against the happy day of resurrection; deliver him\nback as one who knows the Gathas, who knows the Yasna, and the\nrevealed Law, a wise and clever man, who is Obedience incarnate.\n52.\n 'Then thou shalt call his name \"Fire-creature, Fire-seed,\nFire-offspring, Fire-land,\" or any name wherein is the word\nFire.'\n53.\n The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her, asked the\nDruj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! Who is the fourth of those\nmales of thine?'\n54.\n The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, well-formed Sraosha! This\none is my fourth male who, either man or woman, being more than\nfifteen years of age, walks without wearing the sacred girdle\nand the sacred shirt.\n55.\n 'At the fourth step we Daevas, at once, wither him even to\nthe tongue and the marrow, and he goes thenceforth with power\nto destroy the world of Righteousness, and he destroys it like\nthe Yatus and the Zandas.'\n56.\n The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her, asked the\nDruj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj, what is the thing that\ncan undo that?'\n57.\n The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, well-formed Sraosha! There\nis no means of undoing it;\n58.\n 'When a man or a woman, being more than fifteen years of age,\nwalks without wearing the sacred girdle or the sacred shirt.\n59.\n 'At the fourth step we Daevas, at once, wither him even to\nthe tongue and the marrow, and he goes thenceforth with power\nto destroy the world of Righteousness, and he destroys it like\nthe Yatus and the Zandas.'\n IV.\n60.\n Demand of me, thou upright one! of me who am the Maker, the\nmost beneficent of all beings, the best knowing, the most pleased\nin answering what is asked of me; demand of me that thou mayst\nbe the better, that thou mayst be the happier.\n61.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'Who grieves thee with the\nsorest grief? Who pains thee with the sorest pain?'\n62.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is the Jahi [courtesan], O Spitama\nZarathushtra! who mixes in her the seed of the faithful and the\nunfaithful, of the worshippers of Mazda and the worshippers of\nthe Daevas, of the wicked and the righteous.\n63.\n 'Her look dries up one-third of the mighty floods that run\nfrom the mountains, O Zarathushtra; her look withers one-third\nof the beautiful, golden-hued, growing plants, O Zarathushtra;\n64.\n 'Her look withers one-third of the strength of Spenta Armaiti;\nand her touch withers in the faithful one-third of his good thoughts,\nof his good words, of his good deeds, one-third of his strength,\nof his victorious power, and of his holiness.\n65.\n 'Verily I say unto thee, O Spitama Zarathushtra! such creatures\nought to be killed even more than gliding snakes, than howling\nwolves, than the wild she-wolf that falls upon the fold, or than\nthe she-frog that falls upon the waters with her thousandfold\nbrood.'\n V.\n66.\n Demand of me, thou upright one! of me who am the Maker, the\nmost beneficent of all beings, the best knowing, the most pleased\nin answering what is asked of me; demand of me that thou mayst\nbe the better, that thou mayst be the happier.\n67-68.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'If a man shall come unto\na woman who has the whites or sees blood, and he does so wittingly\nand knowingly, and she allows it willfully, wittingly, and knowingly,\nwhat is the atonement for it, what is the penalty that he shall\npay to atone for the deed they have done?'\n69.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'If a man shall come unto a woman who\nhas the whites or sees blood, and he does so wittingly and knowingly,\nand she allows it willfully, wittingly, and knowingly;\n70.\n 'He shall slay a thousand head of small cattle; he shall godly\nand piously offer up to the fire the entrails thereof together\nwith Zaothra-libations; he shall bring the shoulder bones to the\nGood Waters.\n71.\n 'He shall godly and piously bring unto the fire a thousand\nloads of soft wood, of Urvasna, Vohu-gaona, Vohu-kereti, Hadha-naepata,\nor of any sweet-scented plant.\n72.\n 'He shall tie and consecrate a thousand bundles of Baresma;\nhe shall godly and piously offer up to the Good Waters a thousand\nZaothra-libations, together with the Haoma and the milk, cleanly\nprepared and well strained, - cleanly prepared and well strained\nby a pious man, and mixed with the roots of the tree known as\nHadha-naepata.\n73.\n 'He shall kill a thousand snakes of those that go upon the\nbelly, two thousand of the other kind; he shall kill a thousand\nland-frogs and two thousand water-frogs; he shall kill a thousand\ncorn-carrying ants and two thousand of the other kind.\n74.\n 'He shall throw thirty bridges over canals; he shall undergo\na thousand stripes with the Aspahe-astra, a thousand stripes with\nthe Sraosho-karana.\n75.\n 'This is the atonement, this is the penalty that he shall\npay to atone for the deed that he has done.\n76.\n 'If he shall pay it, he makes himself a viaticum into the\nworld of the holy ones; if he shall not pay it, he makes himself\na viaticum into the world of the wicked, into that world, made\nof darkness, the offspring of darkness, which is Darkness' self.'\nFARGARD 19.\n I.\n1.\n From the region of the north, from the regions of the north,\nforth rushed Angra Mainyu, the deadly, the Daeva of the Daevas.\nAnd thus spake the evil-doer Angra Mainyu, the deadly: 'Druj,\nrush down and kill him,' O holy Zarathushtra! The Druj came rushing\nalong, the demon Buiti, who is deceiving, unseen death.\n2.\n Zarathushtra chanted aloud the Ahuna-Vairya: 'The will of\nthe Lord is the law of righteousness. The gifts of Vohu-mano to\nthe deeds done in this world for Mazda. He who relieves the poor\nmakes Ahura king.' \nHe offered the sacrifice to the good waters of the good Daitya!\nHe recited the profession of the worshippers of Mazda! \nThe Druj dismayed, rushed away, the demon Buiti, who is deceiving,\nunseen death.\n3.\n And the Druj said unto Angra Mainyu: 'Thou, tormenter, Angra\nMainyu! I see no way to kill Spitama Zarathushtra, so great is\nthe glory of the holy Zarathushtra.' \nZarathushtra saw (all this) within his soul: 'The wicked, the\nevil-doing Daevas (thought he) take counsel together for my death.'\n Ia.\n4.\n Up started Zarathushtra, forward went Zarathushtra, unabated\nby Akem-mano, by the hardness of his malignant riddles; he went\nswinging stones in his hand, stones as big as a house, which he\nobtained from the Maker, Ahura Mazda, he the holy Zarathushtra.\n \n'Whereat on this wide, round earth, whose ends lie afar, whereat\ndost thou swing (those stones), thou who standest by the upper\nbank of the river Dareja, in the mansion of Pourushaspa?'\n5.\n Thus Zarathushtra answered Angra Mainyu: 'O evil-doer, Angra\nMainyu! I will smite the creation of the Daeva; I will smite the\nNasu, a creature of the Daeva; I will smite the Pairika Knathaiti,\ntill the victorious Saoshyant come up to life out of the lake\nKasava, from the region of the dawn, from the regions of the dawn.'\n6.\n Again to him said the Maker of the evil world, Angra Mainyu:\n'Do not destroy my creatures, O holy Zarathushtra! Thou art the\nson of Pourushaspa; by thy mother I was invoked. Renounce the\ngood Religion of the worshippers of Mazda, and thou shalt gain\nsuch a boon as Vadhaghna gained, the ruler of the nations.'\n7.\n Spitama Zarathushtra said in answer: 'No! never will I renounce\nthe good Religion of the worshippers of Mazda, either for body\nor life, though they should tear away the breath!'\n8.\n Again to him said the Maker of the evil world, Angra Mainyu:\n'By whose Word wilt thou strike, by whose Word wilt thou repel,\nby whose weapon will the good creatures (strike and repel) my\ncreation, who am Angra Mainyu?'\n9.\n Spitama Zarathushtra said in answer: 'The sacred mortar, the\nsacred cups, the Haoma, the Word taught by Mazda, these are my\nweapons, my best weapons! By this Word will I strike, by this\nWord will I repel, by this weapon will the good creatures (strike\nand repel thee), O evil-doer, Angra Mainyu! The Good Spirit made\nthe creation; he made it in the boundless Time. The Amesha-Spentas\nmade the creation, the good, the wise Sovereigns.'\n10.\n Zarathushtra chanted aloud the Ahuna-Vairya. \nThe holy Zarathushtra said aloud: 'This I ask thee: teach me the\ntruth, O Lord! ...'\n II.\n11.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Ahura Mazda, most beneficent\nspirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! [he was sitting\nby the upper bank of the Dareja, before Ahura Mazda, before the\ngood Vohu-mana, before Asha Vahista, Khshathra Vairya, and Spenta\nArmaiti;]\n12.\n 'How shall I free the world from that Druj, from that evil-doer,\nAngra Mainyu? How shall I drive away direct defilement? How indirect\ndefilement? How shall I drive the Nasu from the house of the worshippers\nof Mazda? How shall I cleanse the faithful man? How shall I cleanse\nthe faithful woman?'\n13.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Invoke, O Zarathushtra! the good Religion\nof Mazda. \n'Invoke, O Zarathushtra! though thou see them not, the Amesha-Spentas\nwho rule over the seven Karshvares of the earth. \n'Invoke, O Zarathushtra! the sovereign Heaven, the boundless Time,\nand Vayu, whose action is most high. \n'Invoke, O Zarathushtra! the powerful Wind, made by Mazda; and\nSpenta [Armaiti], the fair daughter of Ahura Mazda.\n14.\n 'Invoke, O Zarathushtra! my Fravashi, who am Ahura Mazda,\nthe greatest, the best, the fairest of all beings, the most solid,\nthe most intelligent, the best shapen, the highest in holiness,\nand whose soul is the holy Word! \n'Invoke, O Zarathushtra! this creation of mine, who am Ahura Mazda.'\n15.\n Zarathushtra imitated my words from me, (and said): 'I invoke\nthe holy creation of Ahura Mazda. \n'I invoke Mithra, the lord of the rolling countryside, a god armed\nwith beautiful weapons, with the most glorious of all weapons,\nwith the most victorious of all weapons. \n'I invoke the holy, well-formed Sraosha', who wields a club in\nhis hand, to bear upon the heads of the fiends'.\n16.\n 'I invoke the most glorious Holy Word. \n'I invoke the sovereign Heaven, the boundless Time, and Vayu,\nwhose action is most high. \n'I invoke the mighty Wind, made by Mazda, and Spenta (Armaiti),\nthe fair daughter of Ahura Mazda. \n'I invoke the good Religion of Mazda, the fiend-destroying Law\nof Zarathushtra.'\n III.\n17.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Maker of the good world,\nAhura Mazda! With what manner of sacrifice shall I worship, with\nwhat manner of sacrifice shall I make people worship this creation\nof Ahura Mazda?'\n18.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Go, O Spitama Zarathushtra! towards\nthe high-growing trees, and before one of them that is beautiful,\nhigh-growing, and mighty, say thou these words: \"Hail to\nthee! O good, holy tree, made by Mazda! Ashem vohu!\"\n19.\n '[The priest] shall cut off a twig of Baresma, long as an\naesha, thick as a yava. The faithful one, holding it in his left\nhand, shall keep his eyes upon it without ceasing, whilst he is\noffering up to Ahura Mazda and to the Amesha-Spentas, the high\nand beautiful golden Haomas, and Good Thought and the good Rata,\nmade by Mazda, holy and excellent.'\n IV.\n20.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O thou, all-knowing Ahura\nMazda! thou art never asleep, never intoxicated, thou Ahura Mazda!\nVohu-mano gets directly defiled: Vohu-mano gets indirectly defiled;\nthe Daevas defile him from the bodies smitten by the Daevas: let\nVohu-mano be made clean.'\n21.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thou shalt take some gomez from a bull\nungelded and such as the law requires it. Thou shalt take the\nman who is to be cleansed to the field made by Ahura, and the\nman that is to cleanse him shall draw the furrows.\n22.\n 'He shall recite a hundred Ashem vohu: \"Holiness is the\nbest of all good: it is also happiness. Happy the man who is holy\nwith perfect holiness!\" \n'He shall chant two hundred Ahuna-Vairya: \"The will of the\nLord is the law of righteousness. The gifts of Vohu-mano to the\ndeeds done in this world for Mazda! He who relieves the poor makes\nAhura king.\" \n'He shall wash himself four times with the gomez from the ox,\nand twice with the water made by Mazda.\n23.\n 'Thus Vohu-mano shall be made clean, and clean shall be the\nman. The man shall take up Vohu-mano with the left arm and the\nright, with the right arm and the left: and thou shalt lay down\nVohu-mano under the mighty light of the heavens by the light of\nthe stars made by the gods, until nine nights have passed away.\n24.\n 'When nine nights have passed away, thou shalt bring libations\nunto the fire, thou shalt bring hard wood unto the fire, thou\nshalt bring incense of Vohu-gaona unto the fire, and thou shalt\nperfume Vohu-mano therewith.\n25.\n 'Thus shall Vohu-mano be made clean, and clean shall be the\nman. He shall take up Vohu-mano with the right arm and the left,\nwith the left arm and the right, and Vohu-mano shall say aloud:\n\"Glory be to Ahura Mazda! Glory be to the Amesha-Spentas!\nGlory be to all the other holy beings.\"'\n V.\n26.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O thou all-knowing Ahura\nMazda: Should I urge upon the godly man, should I urge upon the\ngodly woman, should I urge upon the wicked Daeva-worshipper who\nlives in sin, to give the earth made by Ahura, the water that\nruns, the corn that grows, and all the rest of their wealth?'\n \nAhura Mazda answered: 'Thou shouldst, O holy Zarathushtra.'\n27.\n O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Where are the\nrewards given? Where does the rewarding take place? Where is the\nrewarding fulfilled? Whereto do men come to take the reward that,\nduring their life in the material world, they have won for their\nsouls?\n28.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'When the man is dead, when his time\nis over, then the wicked, evil-doing Daevas cut off his eyesight.\nOn the third night, when the dawn appears and brightens up, when\nMithra, the god with beautiful weapons, reaches the all-happy\nmountains, and the sun is rising:\n29.\n 'Then the fiend, named Vizaresha, O Spitama Zarathushtra,\ncarries off in bonds the souls of the wicked Daeva-worshippers\nwho live in sin. The soul enters the way made by Time, and open\nboth to the wicked and to the righteous. At the head of the Chinwad\nbridge, the holy bridge made by Mazda, they ask for their spirits\nand souls the reward for the worldly goods which they gave away\nhere below.\n30.\n 'Then comes the beautiful, well-shapen, strong and well-formed\nmaid, with the dogs at her sides, one who can distinguish, who\nhas many children, happy, and of high understanding. \n'She makes the soul of the righteous one go up above the Hara-berezaiti;\nabove the Chinwad bridge she places it in the presence of the\nheavenly gods themselves.\n31.\n 'Up rises Vohu-mano from his golden seat; Vohu-mano exclaims:\n\"How hast thou come to us, thou Holy One, from that decaying\nworld into this undecaying one?\"\n32.\n 'Gladly pass the souls of the righteous to the golden seat\nof Ahura Mazda, to the golden seat of the Amesha-Spentas, to the\nGaro-nmanem, the abode of Ahura Mazda, the abode of the Amesha-Spentas,\nthe abode of all the other holy beings.\n33.\n 'As to the godly man that has been cleansed, the wicked evil-doing\nDaevas tremble at the perfume of his soul after death, as doth\na sheep on which a wolf is pouncing.\n34.\n 'The souls of the righteous are gathered together there: Nairyo-sangha\nis with them; a messenger of Ahura Mazda is Nairyo-sangha.\n IIa.\n 'Invoke, O Zarathushtra! this very creation of Ahura Mazda.'\n35.\n Zarathushtra imitated those words of mine: 'I invoke the holy\nworld, made by Ahura Mazda. \n'I invoke the earth made by Ahura, the water made by Mazda, the\nholy trees. \n'I invoke the sea Vouru-kasha. \n'I invoke the beautiful Heaven. \n'I invoke the endless and sovereign Light.'\n36.\n 'I invoke the bright, blissful Paradise of the Holy Ones.\n \n'I invoke the Garo-nmanem, the abode of Ahura Mazda, the abode\nof the Amesha-Spentas, the abode of all the other holy beings.\n \n'I invoke the sovereign Place of Eternal Weal, and the Chinwad\nbridge made by Mazda.\n37.\n 'I invoke the good Saoka, who has the good eye. \n'I invoke the whole creation of weal. \n'I invoke the mighty Fravashis of the righteous. \n'I invoke Verethraghna, made by Ahura, who wears the Glory made\nby Mazda. \n'I invoke Tishtrya, the bright and glorious star, in the shape\nof a golden-horned bull.\n38.\n 'I invoke the holy, beneficent Gathas, who rule over the Ratus:\n \n'I invoke the Ahunavaiti Gatha; \n'I invoke the Ushtavaiti Gatha; \n'I invoke the Spenta-mainyu Gatha; \n'I invoke the Vohu-khshathra Gatha; \n'I invoke the Vahishtoishti Gatha.\n39.\n 'I invoke the Karshvares of Arzahe and Savahe; \n'I invoke the Karshvares of Fradadhafshu and Vidadhafshu; \n'I invoke the Karshvares of Vourubaresti and Vouruzaresti; \n'I invoke the bright Hvaniratha; \n'I invoke the bright, glorious Haetumant; \n'I invoke the good Ashi; \n['I invoke the good Chisti;] \n'I invoke the most pure Chista; \n'I invoke the Glory of the Aryan regions; \n'I invoke the Glory of the bright Yima, the good shepherd.\n40.\n 'Let him be worshipped with sacrifice, let him be gladdened,\ngratified, and satisfied, the holy Sraosha, the well-formed, victorious,\nholy Sraosha. \n'Bring libations unto the Fire, bring hard wood unto the Fire,\nbring incense of Vohu-gaona unto the Fire. \n'Offer up the sacrifice to the Vazishta fire, which smites the\nfiend Spengaghra: bring unto it the cooked meat and full overflowing\nlibations.\n41.\n 'Offer up the sacrifice to the holy Sraosha, that the holy\nSraosha may smite down the fiend Kunda, who is drunken without\ndrinking, and throws down into the Hell of the Druj the wicked\nDaeva-worshippers, who live in sin.\n[42.\n 'I invoke the Kara fish, who lives beneath waters in the bottom\nof the deep lakes. \n'I invoke the ancient and sovereign Merezu, the most warlike of\nthe creatures of the two Spirits. \n'I invoke the seven bright Sru ...'\n VI.\n43.\n 'They cried about, their minds wavered to and fro, Angra Mainyu\nthe deadly, the Daeva of the Daevas; Indra the Daeva, Sauru the\nDaeva, Naunghaithya the Daeva, Taurvi and Zairi; Aeshma of the\nmurderous spear; Akatasha the Daeva; Winter, made by the Daevas;\nthe deceiving, unseen Death; Zaurva, baneful to the fathers; Buiti\nthe Daeva; Driwi the Daeva; Daiwi the Daeva; Kasvi the Daeva;\nPaitisha the most Daeva-like amongst the Daevas.]\n44.\n 'And the evil-doing Daeva, Angra Mainyu, the deadly, said:\n\"What! let the wicked, evil-doing Daevas gather together\nat the head of Arezura!\"\n45.\n 'They rush away shouting, the wicked, evil-doing Daevas; they\nrun away shouting, the wicked, evil-doing Daevas; they run away\ncasting the Evil Eye, the wicked, evil-doing Daevas: \"Let\nus gather together at the head of Arezura!\n46.\n '\"For he is just born the holy Zarathushtra, in the house\nof Pourushaspa. How can we procure his death? He is the weapon\nthat fells the fiends: he is a counter-fiend to the fiends; he\nis a Druj to the Druj. Vanished are the Daeva-worshippers, the\nNasu made by the Daeva, the false-speaking Lie!\"\n47.\n 'They rush away shouting, the wicked, evil-doing Daevas, into\nthe depths of the dark, raging world of hell. \n'Ashem vohu: Holiness is the best of all good.'\nFARGARD 20.\n-----------\nThrita, the First Healer.\n1.\n Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'Ahura Mazda, most beneficent\nSpirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Who was he\nwho first of the healers, of the wise, the happy, the wealthy,\nthe glorious, the strong, the Paradhatas, drove back sickness\nto sickness, drove back death to death; and first turned away\nthe point of the sword and the fire of fever from the bodies of\nmortals?'\n2.\n Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thrita it was who first of the healers,\nof the wise, the happy, the wealthy, the glorious, the strong,\nthe Paradhatas, drove back sickness to sickness, drove back death\nto death, and first turned away the point of the sword and the\nfire of fever from the bodies of mortals.\n3.\n 'He asked for a source of remedies; he obtained it from Khshathra-Vairya,\nto withstand sickness and to withstand death; to withstand pain\nand to withstand fever; to withstand Sarana and to withstand Sarastya;\nto withstand Azana and to withstand Azahva; to withstand Kurugha\nand. to withstand Azivaka; to withstand Duruka and to 'withstand\nAstairya; to withstand the evil eye, rottenness, and infection\nwhich Angra Mainyu had created against the bodies of mortals.\n4.\n 'And I Ahura Mazda brought down the healing plants that, by\nmany hundreds, by many thousands, by many myriads, grow up all\naround the one Gaokerena.\n5.\n 'All this do we achieve; all this do we order; all these prayers\ndo we utter, for the benefit of the bodies of mortals;\n6.\n 'To withstand sickness and to withstand death; to withstand\npain and to withstand fever; to withstand Sarana and to withstand\nSarastya; to withstand Azana and to withstand Azahva; to withstand\nKurugha and to withstand Azivaka; to withstand Duruka and to withstand\nAstairya; to withstand the evil eye, rottenness, and infection\nwhich Angra Mainyu has created against the bodies of mortals.\n7.\n 'To thee, O Sickness, I say avaunt! to thee, O Death, I say\navaunt! to thee, O Pain, I say avaunt! to thee, O Fever, I say\navaunt! to thee, O Evil Eye, I say avaunt! to thee, O Sarana,\nI say avaunt! and to thee, O Sarastya, I say avaunt! to thee,\nO Azana, I say avaunt! and to thee, O Azahva, I say avaunt! to\nthee, O Kurugha, I say avaunt! and to thee, O Azivaka, I say avaunt!\nto thee, O Duruka, I say avaunt! and to thee, O Astairya, I say\navaunt!\n8.\n 'Give us, O Ahura, that powerful sovereignty, by the strength\nof which we may smite down the Druj! By its might may we smite\nthe Druj!\n9.\n 'I drive away Ishire and I drive away Aghuire; I drive away\nAghra and I drive away Ughra; I drive away sickness and I drive\naway death; I drive away pain and I drive away fever; I drive\naway Sarana and I drive away Sarastya; I drive away Azana and\nI drive away Azahva; I drive away Kurugha and I drive away Azivaka;\nI drive away Duruka and I drive away Astairya; I drive away the\nevil eye, rottenness, and infection which Angra Mainyu has created\nagainst the bodies of mortals.\n10.\n 'I drive away all manner of sickness and death, all the Yatus\nand Pairikas, and all the wicked Jainis.\n11.\n 'A Airyama ishyo. May the vow-fulfilling Airyaman come here,\nfor the men and women of Zarathushtra to rejoice, for Vohu-mano\nto rejoice; with the desirable reward that Religion deserves.\nI solicit for holiness that boon that is vouchsafed by Ahura!\n12.\n 'May the vow-fulfilling Airyaman smite all manner of sickness\nand death, all the Yatus and Pairikas, and all the wicked Jainis.'\n[13.\n Yatha ahu vairyo:- The will of the Lord is the law of righteousness.\n \nThe gifts of Vohu-mano to the deeds done in this world for Mazda.\nHe who relieves the poor makes Ahura king. \nKem-na Mazda:- What protector hast thou given unto me, O Mazda!\nwhile the hate of the wicked encompasses me? Whom but thy Atar\nand Vohu-mano, through whose work I keep on the world of Righteousness?\nReveal therefore to me thy Religion as thy rule! \nKe verethrem-ja:- Who is the victorious who will protect thy teaching?\nMake it clear that I am the guide for both worlds. May Sraosha\ncome with Vohu-mano and help whomsoever thou pleasest, O Mazda!\n \nKeep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! Perish, O\nfiendish Druj! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish, O world of\nthe fiend! Perish away, O Druj! Perish away to the regions of\nthe north, never more to give unto death the living world of Righteousness!]\nFARGARD 21.\n-----------\n I.\n1.\n Hail, bounteous bull! Hail to thee, beneficent bull! Hail\nto thee, who makest increase! Hail to thee, who makest growth!\nHail to thee, who dost bestow his part upon the righteous faithful,\nand wilt bestow it on the faithful yet unborn! Hail to thee, whom\nthe Jahi kills, and the ungodly Ashemaogha, and the wicked tyrant.\n II.\n2.\n 'Come, come on, O clouds, from up above, down on the earth,\nby thousands of drops, by myriads of drops:' thus say, O holy\nZarathushtra! 'to destroy sickness, to destroy death, to destroy\nthe sickness that kills, to destroy death that kills, to destroy\nGadha and Apagadha.\n3.\n 'If death come after noon, may healing come at eve! \n'If death come at eve, may healing come at night! \n'If death come at night, may healing come at dawn! \n'And showers shower down new water, new earth, new plants, new\nhealing powers, and new healing.\n IIIa.\n4.\n 'As the sea Vouru-kasha is the gathering place of the waters,\nrising up and going down, up the aerial way and down the earth,\ndown the earth and up the aerial way: thus rise up and roll along!\nthou in whose rising and growing Ahura Mazda made the aerial way.\n5.\n 'Up! rise up and roll along! thou swift-horsed Sun, above\nHara Berezaiti, and produce light for the world (and mayst thou\n[O man!] rise up there, if thou art to abide in Garo-nmanem)4,\nalong the path made by Mazda, along the way made by the gods,\nthe watery way they opened.\n6.\n 'And the Holy Word shall keep away the evil: Of thee [O child!]\nI will cleanse the birth and growth; of thee [O woman!] I will\nmake the body and the strength pure; I make thee rich in children\nand rich in milk;\n7.\n 'Rich in seed, in milk, in fat, in marrow, and in offspring.\nI shall bring to thee a thousand pure springs, running towards\nthe pastures that give food to the child.\n IIIb.\n8.\n 'As the sea Vouru-kasha is the gathering place of the waters,\nrising up and going down, up the aerial way and down the earth,\ndown the earth and up the aerial way: \n'Thus rise up and roll along! thou in whose rising and growing\nAhura Mazda made the earth.\n9.\n 'Up! rise up, thou Moon, that dost keep in thee the seed of\nthe bull; \n'Rise up above Hara Berezaiti, and produce light for the world\n(and mayst thou [O man!] rise up there, if thou art to abide in\nGaro-nmanem), along the path made by Mazda, along the way made\nby the gods, the watery way they opened.\n10.\n 'And the Holy Word shall keep away the evil: Of thee [O child!]\nI will cleanse the birth and growth; of thee [O woman!] I will\nmake the body and the strength pure; I make thee rich in children\nand rich in milk;\n11.\n 'Rich in seed, in milk, in fat, in marrow, and in offspring.\nI shall bring to thee a thousand pure springs, running towards\nthe pastures that give food to the child.\n IIIc.\n12.\n 'As the sea Vouru-kasha is the gathering place of the waters,\nrising up and going down, up the aerial way and down the earth,\ndown the earth and up the aerial way: \n'Thus rise up and roll along! thou in whose rising and growing\nAhura Mazda made everything that grows.\n13.\n 'Up! rise up, ye deep Stars, that have in you the seed of\nwaters; \n'Rise up above Hara Berezaiti and produce light for the world\n(and mayst thou [O man!] rise up there, if thou art to abide in\nGara-nmanem), along the path made by Mazda. along the way made\nby the gods, the watery way they opened.\n14.\n 'And the Holy Word shall keep away the evil: Of thee [O child!]\nI will cleanse the birth and growth; of thee [O woman!] I will\nmake the body and the strength pure; I make thee rich in children\nand rich in milk;\n15.\n 'Rich in seed, in milk, in fat, in marrow, and in offspring.\nI shall bring to thee a thousand pure springs, running towards\nthe pastures that will give food to the child.\n16.\n 'As the sea Vouru-kasha is the gathering place of the waters,\nrising up and going down, up the aerial way and down the earth,\ndown the earth and up the aerial way: \n'Thus rise up and roll along! ye in whose rising and growing Ahura\nMazda made everything that rises.\n17.\n 'In your rising away will the Kahvuzi fly and cry, away will\nthe Ayehi fly and cry, away will the Jahi who follows the Yatu,\nfly and cry.\n IV.\n[18.\n 'I drive away Ishire and I drive away Aghuire; I drive away\nAghra and I drive away Ughra; I drive away sickness and I drive\naway death; I drive away pain and I drive away fever; I drive\naway Sarana and I drive away Sarastya. I drive away Azana and\nI drive away Azahva; I drive away Kurugha and I drive away Azhivaka;\nl drive away Duruka and I drive away Astairya; I drive away the\nevil eye, rottenness, and infection which Angra Mainyu has created\nagainst the bodies of mortals.\n19.\n 'I drive away all manner of sickness and death, all the Yatus\nand Pairikas, and all the wicked Jainis.\n20.\n 'A Airyama ishyo:- May the vow-fulfilling Airyaman come here,\nfor the men and women of Zarathushtra to rejoice, for Vohu-mano\nto rejoice; with the desirable reward that Religion deserves.\nI solicit for holiness that boon that is vouchsafed by Ahura!\n21.\n 'May the vow-fulfilling Airyaman smite all manner of sickness\nand death, all the Yatus and Pairikas, and all the wicked Jainis.\n22.\n 'Yatha ahu vairyo:- The will of the Lord is the law of righteousness!\n \n'Kem-na Mazda:- What protector hast thou given unto me ... ? \n'Ke verethrem-ja:- Who is the victorious who will protect thy\nteaching ... ?\n23.\n 'Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! Perish,\nO fiendish Druj! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish, O world\nof the fiend! Perish away, O Druj! Perish away to the regions\nof the north, never more to give unto death the living world of\nRighteousness!]\nFARGARD 22.\n-----------\nAngra Mainyu creates 99,999 diseases; Ahura Mazda counters\nwith the Holy Manthra and with Airyaman \n I.\n1.\n Ahura Mazda spake unto Spitama Zarathushtra, saying: 'I, Ahura\nMazda, the Maker of all good things, when I made this mansion,\nthe beautiful, the shining, seen afar (there may I go up, there\nmay I arrive!)\n2.\n 'Then the ruffian looked at me; the ruffian Angra Mainyu,\nthe deadly, wrought against me nine diseases, and ninety, and\nnine hundred, and nine thousand, and nine times ten thousand diseases.\nSo mayst thou heal me, thou most glorious Mathra Spenta!\n3.\n 'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand fleet, swift-running\nsteeds; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by Mazda\nand holy. \n'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand fleet, high-humped\ncamels; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by Mazda\nand holy.\n4.\n 'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand brown oxen that\ndo not push; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by\nMazda and holy. \n'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand females big with young,\nof all species of small cattle; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O\ngood Saoka, made by Mazda and holy.\n5.\n 'And I will bless thee with the fair blessing-spell of the\nrighteous, the friendly blessing-spell of the righteous, that\nmakes the empty swell to fullness and the full to overflowing,\nthat comes to help him who was sickening, and makes the sick man\nsound again.\n6.\n 'Mathra Spenta, the all-glorious, replied unto me: \"How\nshall I heal thee? How shall I drive away from thee those nine\ndiseases, and those ninety, those nine hundred, those nine thousand,\nand those nine times ten thousand diseases?\"'\n II.\n7.\n The Maker Ahura Mazda called for Nairyo-sangha: Go thou, Nairyo-sangha,\nthe herald, and drive towards the mansion of Airyaman, and speak\nthus unto him:\n8.\n Thus speaks Ahura Mazda, the Holy One, unto thee: \n'I, Ahura Mazda, the Maker of all good things, when I made this\nmansion, the beautiful, the shining, seen afar (there may I ascend,\nthere may I arrive!)\n9.\n 'Then the ruffian looked at me; the ruffian Angra Mainyu,\nthe deadly, wrought against me nine diseases, and ninety, and\nnine hundred, and nine thousand, and nine times ten thousand diseases.\nSo mayst thou heal me, O Airyaman, the vow-fulfiller!\n10.\n 'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand fleet, swift-running\nsteeds; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by Mazda\nand holy, \n'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand fleet, high-humped\ncamels; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by Mazda\nand holy,\n11.\n 'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand brown oxen that\ndo not push; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by\nMazda and holy. \n'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand females big with young,\nof all species of small cattle. I offer thee up a sacrifice, O\ngood Saoka, made by Mazda and holy.\n12.\n 'And I will bless thee with the fair blessing-spell of the\nrighteous, the friendly blessing-spell of the righteous, that\nmake, the empty swell to fullness and the full to overflowing,\nthat comes to help him who was sickening, and makes the sick man\nsound again.'\n III.\n13.\n In obedience to Ahura's words he went, Nairyo-sangha, the\nherald; he drove towards the mansion of Airyaman, he spake unto\nAiryaman, saying:\n14.\n Thus speaks Ahura Mazda, the Holy One, unto thee: 'I, Ahura\nMazda, the Maker of all good things, when I made this mansion,\nthe beautiful, the shining, seen afar (there may I go up, there\nmay I arrive!)\n15.\n 'Then the ruffian looked at me; the ruffian Angra Mainyu,\nthe deadly, wrought against me nine diseases, and ninety, and\nnine hundred, and nine thousand, and nine times ten thousand diseases.\nSo mayst thou heal me, O Airyaman, the vow-fulfiller!\n16.\n 'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand fleet, swift-running\nsteeds ; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by Mazda\nand holy. \n'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand fleet, high-humped\ncamels; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by Mazda\nand holy.\n17.\n 'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand brown oxen that\ndo not push; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by\nMazda and holy. \n'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand females, big with\nyoung, of all species of small cattle; I offer thee up a sacrifice,\nO good Saoka, made by Mazda and holy.\n18.\n 'And I will bless thee with the fair blessing-spell of the\nrighteous, the friendly blessing-spell of the righteous, that\nmakes the empty swell to fullness and the full to overflowing,\nthat comes to help him who was sickening, and makes the sick man\nsound again.'\n IV.\n19.\n Quickly was it done, nor was it long, eagerly set off the\nvow-fulfilling Airyaman, towards the mountain of the holy Questions,\ntowards the forest of the holy Questions.\n20.\n Nine kinds of stallions brought he with him, the vow-fulfilling\nAiryaman. \nNine hinds of camels brought he with him, the vow-fulfilling Airyaman.\n \nNine kinds of bulls brought he with him, the vow-fulfilling Airyaman.\n \nNine kinds of small cattle brought he with him, the vow-fulfilling\nAiryaman. \nHe brought with him the nine twigs; he drew along nine furrows.\n[21.\n 'I drive away Ishire and I drive away Aghuire; I drive away\nAghra and I drive away Ughra; I drive away sickness and I drive\naway death; I drive away pain and I drive away fever; I drive\naway Sarana and I drive away Sarastya; I drive away Azhana and\nI drive away Azhahva; I drive away Kurugha and I drive away Azhivaka;\nI drive away Duruka and I drive away Astairya. I drive away the\nevil eye, rottenness, and infection which Angra Mainyu has created\nagainst the bodies of mortals.\n22.\n 'I drive away all manner of sickness and death, all the Yatus\nand Pairikas, and all the wicked Jainis.\n23.\n 'May the vow-fulfilling Airyaman come here, for the men and\nwomen of Zarathushtra to rejoice, for Vohu-mano to rejoice; with\nthe desirable reward that Religion deserves. I solicit for holiness\nthat boon that is vouchsafed by Ahura.\n24.\n 'May the vow-fulfilling Airyaman smite all manner of sickness\nand death, all the Yatus and Pairikas, and all the wicked Jainis.\n25.\n 'Yatha ahu vairyo:- The will of the Lord is the law of righteousness.\nThe gifts of Vohu-mano to the deeds done in this world for Mazda.\nHe who relieves the poor makes Ahura king. \n'Kem-na Mazda:- What protector hast thou given unto me O Mazda!\nwhile the hate of the wicked encompasses me? Whom but thy Atar\nand Vohu-mano, through whose work I keep on the world of righteousness?\nReveal therefore to me thy Religion as thy rule! \n'Ke verethrem-ja:- Who is the victorious who will protect thy\nteaching? Make it clear that I am the guide for both worlds. May\nSraosha come with Vohu-mano and help whomsoever thou pleasest,\nO Mazda! \n'Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! Perish, O\nfiendish Druj! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish, O world of\nthe fiend! Perish away, O Druj! Perish away to the regions of\nthe north, never more to give unto death the living world of Righteousness!']","title":"AVESTA: Vendidad","type":"page"}