{"collection":"Mesoamerican Mythology","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/archive_org_lecodextroanoetl00rosn/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/archive_org_lecodextroanoetl00rosn","id":"archive_org_lecodextroanoetl00rosn","license":null,"rights_basis":"archive_org_restricted:no_license_field_no_parseable_year","source":"archive_org","source_url":"https://archive.org/details/lecodextroanoetl00rosn","summary":"y-, -y \n\n\n^ /.Cut^  J^-f^  <3^;^i:tfu^v^ \n\n<<^t\u00bb  ^ ^M.*i^  . V^ \n\n\n^ ^fy \u2014 y\u2018y\u00a5y\\  f'^ \n\n'^/^  ^ 5\u00a3^  ^ xu?u-^  '!r^T*4''- \n\n\n' *^//  ' / ' \n\n\ny^'T \n\n^yc \n\n\nX-~^'  \u25a0^\u00ce2l\u00a3' \n\n^-r^  .-yD  -2\u00e7ryjLx^ \n\n^ ^ \n\n^r-  x-,\u2122. ^ /<2-^  y-^  yy , \n\n;i^  ^ %r^..","tags":["Codex Tro-Cortesianus","Maya mythology","Mayan languages","needs_translation:French"],"text":"y-, -y \n\n\n^ /.Cut^  J^-f^  <3^;^i:tfu^v^ \n\n<<^t\u00bb  ^ ^M.*i^  . \n\n\nV^ \n\n\n^ ^fy \u2014 y\u2018y\u00a5y\\  f'^ \n\n'^/^  ^ 5\u00a3^  ^ xu?u-^  '!r^T*4''- \n\n\n' *^//  ' / ' \n\n\ny^'T \n\n^yc \n\n\nX-~^'  \u25a0^\u00ce2l\u00a3' \n\n^-r^  .-yD  -2\u00e7ryjLx^ \n\n^ ^ \n\n^r-  x-,\u2122.  ^ /<2-^  y-^  yy , \n\n;i^  ^ %r^..  M ^y~'C:^j2y ^ \n\n.-rry^  J \u2014 y^yu-^-Ai:^  A~ \n\n^ X^ycA-^ \n\nyC^  ,-eI ^ \n\n\nyixs=z^\u2014f^ \n\n\n>t.  W /t^*^  't^  ^i^'^\u00c0*y/^-Y^  ^ >^V.V-' \n\n/tS^  /Wv^ \u2014 \u00bb-*--y^  ^kt\"  \u2022a'c-A^^:^^  ^ \n\nTZi^cr-X  ^ /l.y  ,,y~ ^y  ^ \n\n^\u2019\u00c7L\u00ffV  ^ fifyv  A-  ^^--n^  y^r  ^'~~r \n\nf\u00bbv^  X-  Xi^\u2019 \u25a0 ^ \n\n^ ^ \u2014 \u2019 \n\nZtsnjZ\u00e8^ \n\n\nt^XXX< \n\n^ /\u00a3<4iC  Ay^'ys^y  ^ \n\n^ Xz^  ^ \n\nArZ-  ^ J\u00e9X&'X^  - ' yzi^y.  A \n\n^ \n\n^/ZiA  . XX\u2019  Ayr  AT  ^ \n\n^A' o^yry^  -^\"X  A~.c\u00ab\u00ff\u00c6_  A \n\nZi^^^Zf^Ar  As  .4C,<4^A-A^  /p^>^ \n\n^.nS^yrX-^  -^-z-  ^ z^X  \u2014 \n\nXX  ' \"X  ^/^\u00abZVKriZ  ^}  yi~y,A\u2014^  *\u2019**^^>- \n\nyuUAn^  ^y<o<  A:L.4i.^taya^'X) \n\n\u201eZ>  XJuX^  ^ ^ /^>-  ^-y-^  ZZ^'\u2014 \n\n\u2014 \u25a0 5^'^' \n\nhyUA^-^  X> \n\nA.^yA~  \u00c0'^  X^  ^c^i4^'-'A~.  AtZi-^-Ai^  '-^^Zr  \u00c2 ^y\u2014,  J'-'  \u00ffXn^y^ \n\n\n4 \n\n\n,.w^  ^ /iXt^ \n\n,^-/f-^^  yU..  'J \n\n-\u00e8cyi^'A^ny^ \n\n\nr-^ \n\n\nZil^'^~  ^ ^ \u2014 yy\u00e8^yy^  -^y \n\nA^yj^  y ^Y yy^cA^ \n\n^^XX\u00a3^,y~,^Lyy' ^ V^'  ^ \n\n\n\u2014 ' \n\n..  ^ .^y^,y(X\u00e9i  y-y- \n\nKiyW^,^  X>-^,  -,.-,^-4ryfe  y-' \n\n^ jyy~  r'''^yyXj  \"\" \n\n\nyiu\u2019  ^ \u2018-\u2018'\u25a0y\u2014  'V  y YrYY'^'' \n\nY\u2019'  '-v*^  ^ -v^^v \n\n\nit^  ^ /t^tf  ^j\u201d  ^ ^ \n\n'*'***^'^A^  r-->\u2014  \u201c-.\u25a0'W  \u25a0^^\u2018\u2014 -v-iSC^  ,.\u2014 \n\n^\u0178[Ac^  ^ ^,f..^y\u00e9^,iU^  I_j(^r.^^  r^  J * .-  ,^ \n\n.m-/^  /^r^  ^Zt  ^42^ \n\n*^'  -<^>*^  ^ , /\"* \n\n\n/kCv_  ^ -~  ^ ^ ^ ^ / 2^  ^H' \n\n^ a^  fO  y:r  /\u00f9,  /i'-^  ^ ^ \n\nSZT^  _ r>ZILZ~  ,'f---_'V  ,-'**^  \u2014 '^f'^'*'^ \n\n}}iC  j^ryyC,-J^^  ^ \u2014 . \u2713S: \n\n/2^ yZt^ */\u00bbV  jCtyfc^ \n\n\n%,t \n\n\n2yxrc..0ty^  ^ >t*-\u00bb-\u00bb-^^i\u00bb^^-A^  -t/^^-C^^ \n\n^ .^5\u00eeisc_  ^\u25a0.  \u00ab=\u00ab*..^,4^ \n\n\n-^\\Z^  fiu/- \n\n5;C-^ \n\n\nX^  ^2\u00fcl/^  -;^-4L~ \n\n^ IT^-xyu..  - \n\nm^f^i  -/'\u2022  ^;  ^ \n\n\n^ y -/f^  t t >2^  / \n\n\n/ \n\n\n^ \u00c6 w ^ ^ ir \n\nZ(P  yifipZeff \n\n\nat^^,  -wi^  -'V  \u2014 '>i/ \n\n,*4w  /^^\u25a0''\u00ffi^^y^\u2014 5,  v^  '-'\u2014'y- \u2014 yy^  ' \n\n\n/^u^/y^yy-y-  r^  ^ -<^AAy- \n\n^ Ay  ^\u25a0.  yy  ^ y->^  ^-- \n\nyAM-y^/r  -^v^/  ^ \n\n^ '-'^ yyiyy^ \n-^yyyy \n\n/:J~^  ^ \n\n\n- jy ^ ^ \n\n0^  ^ i\u00ee_  ^y  /S^  / \n\nJ- \n\ny.,  y\u00fc>^^y- , \u25a0^\u25a0^  \u25a0- \nyy  v-y.^y^A\u2018 \n\ni^\u00e0:;^ ^ y^yy  A.  -\u2018\u25a0-^  \u25a0\u25a0 \n\n\n/ \n\n\ny **\"b \u2014 \u2018A^yy  .*^7^\u2014  - \n\ni^-y-y\u2014  yM-'A^^  \u2022 yyy~- \n\n^yySjyyyXZ^r^^^  \u25a0 - \n\n\n/7U^  : p<^  ^ ^ \n\n/Tt^'fKr \n\n\n^\u00bb->  <\u00ef_/^ \n\n\nz/'^. \n\n\n/ A / - S70  /fa  - ( f^)- \n\nZZ^\u00e9  ) \n\n\n7f-^  ^-p  //^.  J'I  '^ /< -n>  ) \n\n\nLE  CODEX  TROANO \n\nET \n\nL-\u00c9CRITURE  HI\u00c9RATIQUE \n\nDE  L\u2019AM\u00c9RIQUE  CENTRALE \n\nPar  L\u00c9ON  DE  RCSNY \n\n\nE d\u00e9chiffrement  de  l\u2019\u00e9criture  ka- \ntounique  de  l\u2019Am\u00e9rique  Centrale \npara\u00eet  de  nature  \u00e0 assurer  \u00e0 la \nscience,  \u00e0 laquelle  on  a donn\u00e9  le \nnom  d\u2019am\u00e9ricanisme,  une  place \nimportante  dans  le  domaine  de \nla  recherche  contemporaine.  Jusque  dans  ces  der- \nniers temps,  les  peintures  dites  figuratives  et \ndidactiques  des  anciens  Mexicains  promettaient  \u00e0 \npeu  pr\u00e8s  seules  d\u2019int\u00e9ressantes  r\u00e9v\u00e9lations  sur \nl\u2019histoire  indig\u00e8ne  du  Nouveau-Monde,  ant\u00e9rieu- \nrement \u00e0 la  grande  d\u00e9couverte  de  Christophe \nColomb.  Du  moins,  ces  manuscrits  \u00e9taient-ils  de \nnature  \u00e0 nous  faire  conna\u00eetre,  dans  une  certaine \n\n\n36  Revue  Orientale  et  Am\u00e9ricaine . \n\nmesure,  la  civilisation  des  Indiens,  d\u2019apr\u00e8s  les \nIndiens  eux-m\u00eames.  On  ne  pouvait,  cependant, \ncomparer  ces  images  grossi\u00e8res  \u00e0 une  v\u00e9ritable \n\u00e9criture,  et  admettre  par  leur  fait  la  culture  des \nlettres  chez  les  populations  autochthones  jde  l\u2019h\u00e9- \nmisph\u00e8re transatlantique.  Aussi  Alexandre  de \nHumboldt  niait-il  que  l\u2019\u00e9criture  ait  \u00e9t\u00e9  connue  et \npratiqu\u00e9e  ailleurs  que  dans  l\u2019Ancien  Continent, \net  l\u2019opinion  de  ce  savant  fut-elle  g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \nadopt\u00e9e. \n\nUn  progr\u00e8s  a \u00e9t\u00e9  r\u00e9alis\u00e9,  une  erreur  dissip\u00e9e. \nOn  sait,  aujourd\u2019hui,  que  non-seulement  l\u2019Am\u00e9- \nrique antique  connaissait  l\u2019art  de  l\u2019\u00e9criture,  mais \nqu\u2019elle  avait  poss\u00e9d\u00e9  de  nombreuses  inscriptions \nsculpt\u00e9es  et  des  manuscrits  trac\u00e9s  suivant  un \nsyst\u00e8me  graphique  \u00e0 peu  pr\u00e8s  \u00e9quivalent  \u00e0 celui \ndont  se  servaient  les  anciens  \u00c9gyptiens,  les  Baby- \nloniens ou  les  Chinois. \n\nJusqu\u2019\u00e0  pr\u00e9sent  l\u2019existence  d\u2019une  \u00e9criture  r\u00e9elle \nn\u2019a  \u00e9t\u00e9  constat\u00e9e  que  dans  la  p\u00e9ninsule  du  Yuca- \ntan,  dans  les  r\u00e9gions  occup\u00e9es  par  la  race  Maya. \nCette  \u00e9criture  \u00e9tait  probablement  r\u00e9pandue  dans \ntoute  l\u2019\u00e9tendue  de  la  r\u00e9gion  isthmique  de  l\u2019Am\u00e9- \nrique inter-oc\u00e9anique.  Des  d\u00e9couvertes  ult\u00e9rieures \nnous  apprendront  peut-\u00eatre  que  cet  art  \u00e9tait \ncultiv\u00e9  bien  au-del\u00e0  de  ces  \u00e9troites  limites  : et  d\u00e9j\u00e0 \nnous  poss\u00e9dons  quelques  indices  de  nature  \u00e0 faire \npenser  que  les  peuples  du  Mexique,  et  m\u00eame  ceux \ndu  P\u00e9rou  (\u00e0  une  \u00e9poque  ant\u00e9rieure  \u00e0 la  dynastie \ndes  Incas),  avaient  \u00e9galement  s\u00fb  noter  le  lan- \n\n\nLe  Codex  Troano  et  l\u2019\u00c9criture  Hi\u00e9ratique.  Sj \ngage  par  des  signes  susceptibles  d\u2019\u00eatre  lus. \n\nMais  sans  nous  pr\u00e9occuper,  pour  le  moment, \nde  donner  une  pareille  extension  au  domaine  de \nl\u2019\u00e9criture  dans  l\u2019ancienne  Am\u00e9rique,  il  nous  suffit \nde  savoir  qu\u2019elle  \u00e9tait  cultiv\u00e9e  au  c\u0153ur  de  cette \nvaste  partie  du  monde,  et  que  des  monuments  de \ncette  \u00e9criture  nous  ont  \u00e9t\u00e9  conserv\u00e9s,  pour  int\u00e9- \nresser le  monde  savant  \u00e0 l\u2019exploration  d\u2019un  do- \nmaine o\u00f9  des  d\u00e9couvertes,  d\u2019une  port\u00e9e  sans  doute \nconsid\u00e9rable,  sont  r\u00e9serv\u00e9es  au  travail  pers\u00e9v\u00e9rant \ndes  arch\u00e9ologues,  des  linguistes  et  des  pal\u00e9o- \ngraphes. \n\nL\u2019\u00e9criture  katounique,  bien  avant  la  publication \nde  la  Relacion  de  Di\u00e9go  de  Landa,  \u2014 \u00e0 la- \nquelle on  doit  l\u2019ouverture  d\u2019une  voie  nouvelle \n\u00e0 l\u2019Am\u00e9ricanisme,  \u2014 nous  avait  paru  digne  d\u2019une \nattention  exceptionnelle,  et  nous  nous  en  sommes \noccup\u00e9s,  \u00e0 plusieurs  reprises,  dans  cette  Revue. \nAujourd\u2019hui  que  les  suffrages  des  savants  auto- \nris\u00e9s permettent  d\u2019avoir  confiance  dans  la  nou- \nvelle m\u00e9thode  adopt\u00e9e  pour  le  d\u00e9chiffrement  de \ncette  \u00e9criture,  nous  croyons  utile  de  mettre  entre \nles  mains  de  nos  lecteurs  quelques  mat\u00e9riaux  de \ntravail  pour  les  engager  \u00e0 s\u2019associer  \u00e0 notre  t\u00e2che. \n\nDiego  de  Landa,  \u00e9v\u00eaque  de  Yucatan,  fut  le \ndestructeur  d\u2019un  nombre  consid\u00e9rable  de  docu- \nments \u00e9crits  de  l\u2019antiquit\u00e9  yucat\u00e8que.  Il  tenta \nd\u2019an\u00e9antir  jusqu\u2019au  dernier  de  ces  documents \no\u00f9  \u00e9taient  consign\u00e9es  les  id\u00e9es  religieuses  des \npeuples  que  les  Espagnols  cherchaient  \u00e0 convertir \n\n\n3S  Revue  Orientale  et  Am\u00e9ricaine. \n\n\u00e0 la  doctrine  chr\u00e9tienne.  Par  un  singulier  caprice \nde  la  destin\u00e9e,  c\u2019est  \u00e0 ce  m\u00eame  pr\u00e9lat,  qui  voulait \nfaire  dispara\u00eetre  toute  trace  d\u2019une  litt\u00e9rature  qu\u2019il \njugeait  entach\u00e9e  d\u2019une  origine  diabolique,  que \nnous  devrons  sans  doute  de  conna\u00eetre  un  jour \nquelque  chose  de  cette  m\u00eame  litt\u00e9rature.  En  effet, \ndans  la  Relation  des  choses  du  Yucatan.,  dont \nil  est  l\u2019auteur,  Diego  de  Landa,  apr\u00e8s  avoir  rap- \nport\u00e9 divers  genres  de  renseignements  sur  les \nm\u0153urs  et  coutumes  des  Mayas,  juge  \u00e0 propos  de \nnous  entretenir  de  ces  m\u00eames  livres  qu\u2019il  \u00e9tait  fier \nd\u2019avoir  livr\u00e9s  aux  flammes.  Le  manuscrit  de  cette \nRelacion.^  retrouv\u00e9  par  l\u2019abb\u00e9  Brasseur,  dans  les \narchives  de  l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie  Royale  de  l\u2019Histoire,  \u00e0 \nMadrid,  n\u2019est  malheureusement  qu\u2019une  copie \nimparfaite  de  l\u2019ouvrage  original,  et  la  partie  rela- \ntive aux  livres,  \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9criture  et  \u00e0 langue  des  Yuca- \nt\u00e8ques  para\u00eet  avoir  \u00e9t\u00e9  abr\u00e9g\u00e9e  par  le  copiste,  aux \nyeux  duquel  elle  n\u2019offrait  qu\u2019un  assez  m\u00e9diocre \nint\u00e9r\u00eat.  Il  en  r\u00e9sulte  que  les  donn\u00e9es  pal\u00e9ogra- \nphiques que  nous  fournit  le  manuscrit  de  Madrid \nsont  des  plus  incompl\u00e8tes  et,  qui  pis  est,  d\u2019une \nregrettable  obscurit\u00e9  dans  la  partie  la  plus  impor- \ntante pour  nos  \u00e9tudes. \n\nLa  Relacion  de  Diego  de  Landa  nous  fournit, \nn\u00e9anmoins,  de  tr\u00e8s-pr\u00e9cieuses  indications  sur  le \ncalendrier  yucat\u00e8que  et  sur  les  signes  employ\u00e9s \npour  noter  les  jours  et  les  mois  dans  ce  calendrier. \nC\u2019est  \u00e0 l\u2019aide  de  ces  indications  imparfaites  \u00e0 tant \nd\u2019\u00e9gards,  qu\u2019a  pu  \u00eatre  tent\u00e9  le  d\u00e9chiffrement \n\n\nLe  Codex  Troano  et  V \u00c9criture  Hi\u00e9ratique.  Sg \nde  r\u00e9criture  hi\u00e9ratique  de  l\u2019Am\u00e9rique  Centrale. \n\nJe  n\u2019ai  point  l\u2019intention  de  reproduire  ici/m\u00eame \nsous  une  forme  succincte  et  abr\u00e9g\u00e9e,  le  travail  que \nj\u2019ai  publi\u00e9  r\u00e9cemment  pour  l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation  des \ncaract\u00e8res  katouniques  (i).  Le  but  de  cet  article  est \nde  mettre  \u00e0 la  disposition  des  lecteurs  de  cette \nRevue  les  renseignements  que  nous  devons  \u00e0 \nDiego  de  Landa,  et  d\u2019appeler  leur  attention  sur  la \npossibilit\u00e9  de  faire  de  fr\u00e9quentes  restitutions  de \nsignes  dans  les  nombreuses  parties  d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9es  des \nmanuscrits  hi\u00e9ratiques  que  nous  poss\u00e9dons,  de \nfa\u00e7on  \u00e0 en  faciliter  l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation. \n\nCe  syst\u00e8me  de  restauration  des  vieux  documents \n\u00e9crits  des  Mayas  peut  s\u2019\u00e9tendre  ais\u00e9ment  aux \nquatre  manuscrits  connus  jusqu\u2019\u00e0  ce  jour.  J\u2019essai- \nrai  pour  le  moment  d\u00e7  l\u2019appliquer  \u00e0 l\u2019un  d\u2019eux,  au \nCodex  Troano,  lithographi\u00e9  avec  un  soin  remar-\u00bb \nquable  \u00e0 l\u2019Imprimerie  Nationale  de  Paris. \n\nI \n\nLes  indications  de  Landa  relatives  \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9criture \nhi\u00e9ratique  du  Yucatan  comprennent  ; i\u00b0  Les  signes \ndes  jours;  2\u00b0  Les  signes  des  mois;  3\u00b0  Un  para- \ndigme des  signes  phon\u00e9tiques  de  l\u2019\u00e9criture  hi\u00e9ra- \ntique Maya. \n\nLes  signes  de  jours  offrent  quant  \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent,  pour \nnos  \u00e9tudes,  le  plus  grand  int\u00e9r\u00eat,  en  ce  sens  qu\u2019ils \n\n\n(/)  Essai  sur  le  d\u00e9chiffrement  de  l\u2019\u00c9criture  hi\u00e9ratique \nde  l\u2019Am\u00e9rique  Centrale  (Paris,  1876-77),  in-fol.,  avec  pl. \n\n\n4o  Revue  Orientale  et  Am\u00e9ricaine. \n\nont  \u00e9t\u00e9  retrouv\u00e9s  en  grand  nombre  dans  les \nquatre  manuscrits  mayas  que  nous  poss\u00e9dons. \nCes  signes,  sous  la  forme  que  leur  donne  Landa, \nsont  compris  dans  le  tableau  suivant  ; \n\n\n\u00a9 \n\n\u00a9 \n\nI.  \u2014 Kan. \n\n6.  \u2014 Muluc. \n\n11.  \u2014 Ix. \n\n16.  \u2014 Gauac. \n\n\u2014 Chicchan. \n\n\u00a9 \n\n12.  - Men. \n\n\u00a9 \n\n17.  \u2014 Ahau. \n\n3.  \u2014 Cimi. \n\n\u00a9 \n\n8.  \u2014 Ghuen. \n\n\u00a9 \n\n18.  \u2014 Ymic. \n\n4.  \u2014 Manik. \n\n0 \n\n9.  \u2014 Eb. \n\n14.  \u2014 Caban. \n\n\u00a9 \n\n19.  \u2014 Ik. \n\nb.  \u2014 Lamat. \n\nQ \n\n10.  \u2014 Ben. \n\n\u00a9 \n\n15.  \u2014 Ezanab. \n\n(\u00a9 \n\n20.  \u2014 Akbal. \n\nLe  manuscrit  Troano,  dans  lequel  on  rencontre \ntous  ces  signes,  ne  les  reproduit  pas  toujours \nd\u2019une  mani\u00e8re  identique.  J\u2019ai  donn\u00e9,  dans  mon \nEssai  sur  le  d\u00e9chiffrement  de  l\u2019\u00e9criture  katou- \nnique,  d\u2019assez  nombreuses  variantes  de  ces \nsignes  dont  je  suis  parvenu  \u00e0 \u00e9tablir  la  valeur \nd\u2019une  mani\u00e8re  incontestable. \n\nAu  d\u00e9but  de  mes  tentatives  d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation  des \ntextes  hi\u00e9ratiques  de  l\u2019Am\u00e9rique  Centrale,  je  'me \nsuis  demand\u00e9  ce  que  ces  signes  de  jours,  si  sou- \n\n\nLe  Codex  Troano  et  l'Ecriture  Hi\u00e9ratique.  41 \nvent  r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s  dans  tous  les  manuscrits  connus  pou- \nvaient exprimer,  et  notamment  s\u2019il  se  reprodui- \nsaient dans  un  ordre  quelconque  de  nature  \u00e0 \nfournir  des  donn\u00e9es  chronologiques.  Je  n\u2019ai  pas \ntard\u00e9  \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre  qu\u2019un  tel  ordre  existait  et  pou- \nvait \u00eatre  d\u00e9termin\u00e9  presque  partout  d\u2019une  mani\u00e8re \nr\u00e9guli\u00e8re  et  math\u00e9matique.  En  elfet,  les  jours \nnot\u00e9s  dans  le  Codex  Troano,  par  exemple,  y sont \nle  plus  souvent  reproduits  par  s\u00e9rie  de  5,  espac\u00e9s \nles  uns  des  autres  de  5 en  5,  de  6 en  6,  de  12 \nen  12,  ou  de  16  en  16.  Une  fois  cet  ordre  reconnu, \nil  m\u2019a  \u00e9t\u00e9  facile  de  restituer  une  foule  de  signes \neffac\u00e9s  en  partie  ou  m\u00eame  en  totalit\u00e9,  et  de  me \nformer  un  exemplaire  du  manuscrit  hi\u00e9ratique \nen  question,  dans  lequel  les  lacunes  sont  \u00e0 peu \npr\u00e8s  insignifiantes  en  ce  qui  touche  aux  s\u00e9ries  des \ncaract\u00e8res  relatifs  au  calendrier.  On  pourra  juger \nde  ces  restitutions  par  celles  que  nous  avons  indi- \nqu\u00e9es sur  la  planche  jointe  \u00e0 cet  article  (i). \n\nLes  personnes  qui  voudraient  appliquer  cette \nm\u00e9thode  \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude  des  textes  hi\u00e9ratiques  du  Yuca- \ntan  ne  tarderont  pas  \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre  le  parti  qu\u2019il \nest  possible  d\u2019en  tirer;  mais  ils  trouveront  aussi \nque,  dans  certains  endroits,  l\u2019ordre  r\u00e9gulier,  qui \nsimplifie  si  singuli\u00e8rement  l\u2019\u0153uvre  du  d\u00e9chiffre- \nment, para\u00eet  alt\u00e9r\u00e9.  Ainsi , page  35 , comparti- \nment 3 (2),  nous  voyons  une  colonne  de  5 signes. \n\n\n(1)  Voy.  Planche  XII-XIII. \n\n(2)  Voy.  Planche  XIV. \n\n\nRevue  Orientale  et  Am\u00e9ricaine . \n\n\n42 \n\n\ndont  deux  sont  \u00e0 peu  pr\u00e8s  compl\u00e8tement  effac\u00e9s  ; \nmais  \u00e0 en  juger  par  les  derniers  dont  la  nettet\u00e9  est \nparfaite,  nous  serions  tent\u00e9  de  croire  qu\u2019il  y a l\u00e0 \n\ndes  jours  espac\u00e9s  de  4 en  4.  ( \nle  2^  jour;  v o \n\n\n^ chicchan  est \n\nmuluc  le  6e  : intervalle  4):  L\u2019exa- \nmen des  autres  signes  de  la  colonne  nous  r\u00e9v\u00e8le \nbient\u00f4t  une  irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9  ou  une  exception.  Le \n\nsecond  signe  est  tr\u00e8s-distinct  : c\u2019est  \u00a9 ben, \n\n10=  jour;  le  troisi\u00e8me,  en  partie  effac\u00e9,  laisse \ncependant  appara\u00eetre  des  traces  incontestables  du \n\nsigne  , 14e  jour,  lequel  nous  fournit \n\n\n\u00e9galement  l\u2019intervalle  de  quatre  jours  constat\u00e9 \ntout  \u00e0 l\u2019heure;  mais  entre  le  14e  jour  et  le  2\u00ae  jour \nqui  vient  ensuite,  il  y a un  intervalle  de  huit  jours, \nle  nombre  des  jours  yucat\u00e8ques  \u00e9tant  de  20 \n{20  \u2014 14  + 2 = 8).  Voil\u00e0  donc  une  irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 \ndont  les  pal\u00e9ographes  doivent  chercher  l\u2019explica- \ntion. Cette  irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9  n\u2019est  pas  la  seule,  et  nous \nen  trouvons  une  autre  d\u2019une  importance  bien \nautrement  consid\u00e9rable  \u00e0 nos  yeux,  dans  les \nfeuillets  23,  22,  21  et  20  du  Codex  Troano. \n\nCet  exemple  suffira  pour  donner  une  id\u00e9e  du \ngenre  de  difficult\u00e9s  que  nous  sommes  appel\u00e9s  \u00e0 \nlever  le  plus  t\u00f4t  possible  dans  le  champ  du  d\u00e9chif- \nfrement de  l\u2019\u00e9criture  hi\u00e9ratique  de  l\u2019Am\u00e9rique \nCentrale.  Une  certaine  somme  de  devination  est \nn\u00e9cessaire  pour  obtenir  quelque  succ\u00e8s  dans  un \npareil  ordre  de  recherches.  Il  est  donc  fort  \u00e0 sou- \n\n\nAwue  O'\u00e2eM.VoJit  eA,  \u00dbLm\u00e8iicawiC/. \n\n\ntome  1lf . \n\n\nJi.  XX\u00cfV,  c , \n\n\u2022 \n\n(SS) \n\n1 Yrriic. \n\n\"Ben . \n\n(l\u00fb^jouf),  Ben. \n\nCaiban . \n\n1 ChiccKan \n\nCKiccVian. \n\n1 Caban. \n\nMuluc. \n\nC6\u2018-3-^j.  0) \n\n1 Mulac. \n\nSh\u00e0i  &X\u00a3epKouvte\u00cf\u00cfc \n\n\nQAUAyt \n\n(w,  3n \n\n\nS\u00e8-x\u00fb, \n\n\n^obe.>  ^toano \n\n\nMeslllcchon  de \n\n\nsignes  de y. \n\n\nourA^^. \n\n\nLe  Codex  Troano  et  l\u2019\u00c9criture  Hi\u00e9ratique . 43 \n\nhaiter  que  le  nombre  des  pionniers  de  cette \nbranche  nouvelle  de  l\u2019am\u00e9ricanisme  devienne  plus \nconsid\u00e9rable,  afin  que  les  r\u00e9sultats  des  uns  et  des \nautres  soient  contr\u00f4l\u00e9s,  critiqu\u00e9s,  et  que  de  la  dis- \ncussion jaillisse  la  lumi\u00e8re.  Cette  courte  note  est \nun  appel  aux  pal\u00e9ographes  de  bonne  volont\u00e9; \nnous  serions  bienheureux  s\u2019il  pouvait  \u00eatre  en- \ntendu, et  la  Revue  orientale  et  am\u00e9ricaine  se  fera \nun  devoir  d\u2019ouvrir  ses  colonnes  \u00e0 toutes  les  com- \nmunications scientifiques  qui  pourraient  lui  \u00eatre \nfaites  dans  la  voie  que  nous  venons  de  signaler  (i). \n\nII \n\nLes  signes  de  mois  donn\u00e9s  dans  la  Relation  de \nDiego  de  Landa  n\u2019ont  malheureusement  pas  \u00e9t\u00e9 \nconstat\u00e9s  aussi  ais\u00e9ment  que  les  signes  de  jours \ndans  les  manuscrits  hi\u00e9ratiques  connus.  L\u00e0  encore \nnous  appelons  les  recherches  des  am\u00e9ricanistes.  A \ntitre  de  document,  nous  reproduisons  ci-apr\u00e8s  le \ntableau  de  ces  signes  : \n\n\n(i)  Nous  nous  proposons,  de  notre  c\u00f4t\u00e9,  de  publier  suc- \ncessivement, dans  la  Revue  Orientale  et  Am\u00e9ricaine ^ les \nr\u00e9sultats  nouveaux  auxquels  nous  am\u00e8neront  nos  \u00e9tudes,  de \nfa\u00e7on  \u00e0 compl\u00e9ter,  dans  la  mesure  de  nos  forces,  les  don- \nn\u00e9es acquises,  et  notamment  celles  que  nous  avons  pr\u00e9sen- \nt\u00e9es au  jugement  des  Am\u00e9ricanistes,  dans  notre  Essai  sur \nle  d\u00e9chiffrement  de  l\u2019Ecriture  hi\u00e9ratique  de  l\u2019Am\u00e9rique \nCentrale. \n\n\n44 \n\n\nRevue  Orientale  et  Am\u00e9ricaine. \n\n\nLa  question  des  caract\u00e8res  phon\u00e9tiques  de  l\u2019\u00e9- \ncriture hi\u00e9ratique  de  l\u2019Am\u00e9rique  Centrale  est  bien \nautrement  complexe  et  difficile  \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre  que \n\n\nLe  Codex  Troano  et  l'Ecritiirc  Hi\u00e9ratique.  45 \ncelle  des  signes  de  jours  et  de  mois.  Nous  nous  en \noccuperons  dans  nos  prochaines  livraisons. \n\nEnfin  nous  croyons  devoir  terminer  cette  courte \nnote  par  la  liste  bibliographique  des  principaux \n\u00e9crits  relatifs  au  d\u00e9chiffrement  de  l\u2019\u00e9criture  katou- \nnique  dont  la  publication  nous  a \u00e9t\u00e9  signal\u00e9e \njusqu\u2019\u00e0  ce  jour  ; \n\n1864.  \u2014 Relation  des  choses  du  Yucatan,  de  Diego  de \nLanda.  Texte  espagnol  et  traduction  fran\u00e7aise  en  regard, \ncomprenant  les  signes  du  Calendrier  et  de  l\u2019Alphabet \nhi\u00e9roglyphique  de  la  langue  maya,  accompagn\u00e9  de  do- \ncuments divers  historiques  et  chronologiques,  avec  une \nGrammaire  et  un  Vocabulaire  abr\u00e9g\u00e9s  fran\u00e7ais-maya,  par \nl\u2019abb\u00e9  Brasseur  de  Bourbourg.  Paris,  Arthus- Bertrand, \n1864.  \u2014 In-8  de  cxii-5i6  pp.  (25  fr.). \n\n1865.  \u2014 Maya  Hieroglyphic  Alphabet  of  Yucatan,  by \nWilliam  Bollaert  (s.  1.  n.  d.),  London,  i865).  \u2014 In-8 \nde  g p. \n\n1869.  \u2014 Lettre  \u00e0 M.  L\u00e9on  de  Rosny  sur  la  d\u00e9couverte  de \nDocuments  relatifs  \u00e0 la  haute  antiquit\u00e9  am\u00e9ricaine  et  sur \nle  D\u00e9chiffrement  et  l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation  de  l\u2019\u00c9criture  phon\u00e9- \ntique et  figurative  de  la  langue  Maya,  par  Brasseur  de \nBourbourg.  Paris,  Ainyot,  1869.  \u2014 In-8  de  20  p.  et  2 pl. \nlith.  (3  fr.). \n\n1869.  \u2014 Manuscrit  Troano.  \u00c9tudes  sur  le  syst\u00e8me  gra- \nphique des  Mayas,  par  Brasseur  de  Bourbourg.  Paris,  Im- \nprimerie imp\u00e9riale,  1869.  \u2014 2 vol.  in-4,  pl.  chromo- \nlith.  (100  fr.). \n\ni86g.  \u2014 Essai  de  d\u00e9chiffrement  d\u2019un  fragment  d\u2019inscrip- \ntion palenqu\u00e9enne,  par  H.  de  Charencey.  Paris,  1869.\u2014 \nIn-8  (3  fr.  5o). \n\n1870.  \u2014 The  Ancient  Phonetic  Alphabet  of  Yucatan.  By \n\n\n4^  Revue  Orientale  et  Am\u00e9ricaine. \n\nD.  G.  Brinton.  Nexv-York,  1870.  \u2014 In-8  de  8 pages. \n1873.  \u2014 Examination  of  Central  American  Hieroglyphs  ; \nOf  Yucatan  \u2014 including  the  Dresden  Codex,  the  Guat\u00e9- \nmalien of  Paris,  and  the  Troano  of  Madrid;  the  Hiero- \nglyphs of  Palenque,  Copan,  Nicaragua,  Veraguas,  and \nNew-Granada;  by  the  recently  discovered  maya  alphabet. \nBy  William  Bolla\u00ebrt  (s.  1.  n.  d.,  London,  1873).  \u2014 In-8 \nde  28  p. \n\n1875.  \u2014 M\u00e9moire  sur  la  num\u00e9ration  dans  la  langue  et \ndans  l\u2019\u00e9criture  des  anciens  Mayas,  par  L\u00e9on  de  Rosny. \nNancy,  d\u00e9cembre  1875.  \u2014 ln-8  de  24  p.  (2  fr.). \n\n1876.  \u2014 Essai  sur  le  d\u00e9chiffrement  de  l\u2019Ecriture  Hi\u00e9ratique \nde  l\u2019Am\u00e9rique  Centrale,  par  L\u00e9on  de  Rosny.  Paris, \nMaisonneuve  et  C\u2018\u00ae,  1876. \u2014 In-fol., avec  planches  lith. \nen  noir  et  en  couleurs  (75  fr.). \n\n1876.  \u2014 Recherches  sur  le  Codex  Troano,  par  H.  de  Cha- \nrencey.  Paris,  E.  Leroux,  1876.  \u2014 In-8  de  i5p. \n\n1877.  \u2014 L\u2019Interpr\u00e9tation  de  l\u2019Ecriture  Sacr\u00e9e  du  Yucatan, \npar  \u00c9d.  Madier  de  Montjau  (pp.  17  \u00e0 36  de  ses  \u00c9tudes  Cri- \ntiques sur  l\u2019Arch\u00e9ologie  Am\u00e9ricaine  et  sur  l\u2019Ethno- \ngraphie du  Nouveau-Monde).  Paris,  E.  Leroux,  1877. \n\u2014 In-8  de  i3o  p.  et  7 planches  (4  fr.). \n\n1878.  \u2014 Essai  sur  le  D\u00e9chiffrement  de  l\u2019\u00c9criture  Hi\u00e9ra- \ntique de  l\u2019Am\u00e9rique  Centrale,  par  L\u00e9on  de  Rosny \n(Compte-rendu,  par  G.  Maspero,  dans  la  Revue  Critique \ndu  23  mars  1878). \n\n1878.  \u2014 (Compte-rendu  du  m\u00eame  ouvrage,  par  A.  Sim\u00e9on, \ndans  la.  Revue  Bibliographique  Universelle,  mars  1878, \np.  23o  et  SV.). \n\n1878.  \u2014 (Compte-rendu  du  m\u00eame  ouvrage,  et  Notice  par \nA.  Bonnetty,  dans  les  Annales  de  Philosophie  Chr\u00e9tienne, \n1878,  t.  XV,  p.  228  et  SV.). \n\nToute  publication  nouvelle  relative  au  d\u00e9- \n\n\nLe  Codex  Troano  et  l'\u00c9criture  Hi\u00e9ratique.  4j \nchiffrement  de  l\u2019\u00e9criture  katounique,  livre,  bro- \nchure, ou  article,  sera  annonc\u00e9e  dans  cette  Revue, \naussit\u00f4t  que  nous  en  aurons  eu  connaissance. \n\n\n\u25a07t..n-S37 \n\n\nr","title":"Le Codex Troano et l'e\u0301criture hieratique de l'Ame\u0301rique centrale","tradition":"Mesoamerican Mythology","translated_text":"y-, -y\n\n\n^ /.Cut^ J^-f^ <3^;^i:tfu^v^\n\n<<^t\u00bb ^ ^M.*i^ .\n\n\nV^\n\n\n^ ^fy \u2014 y'y\u00a5y\\ f'^\n\n'^/^ ^ 5\u00a3^ ^ xu?u-^ '!r^T*4''-\n\n\n' *^// ' / '\n\n\ny^'T\n\n^yc\n\n\nX-~^' \u25a0^\u00ce2l\u00a3'\n\n^-r^ .-yD -2\u00e7ryjLx^\n\n^ ^\n\n^r- x-,\u2122. ^ /<2-^ y-^ yy ,\n\n;i^ ^ %r^.. M ^y~'C:^j2y ^\n\n.-rry^ J \u2014 y^yu-^-Ai:^ A~\n\n^ X^ycA-^\n\nyC^ ,-eI ^\n\n\nyixs=z^\u2014f^\n\n\n>t. W /t^*^ 't^ ^i^'^\u00c0*y/^-Y^ ^ >^V.V-'\n\n/tS^ /Wv^ \u2014 \u00bb-*--y^ ^kt\" \u2022a'c-A^^:^^ ^\n\nTZi^cr-X ^ /l.y ,,y~ ^y ^\n\n^'\u00c7L\u00ffV ^ fifyv A- ^^--n^ y^r ^'~~r\n\nf\u00bbv^ X- Xi^' \u25a0 ^\n\n^ ^ \u2014 '\n\nZtsnjZ\u00e8^\n\n\nt^XXX<\n\n^ /\u00a3<4iC Ay^'ys^y ^\n\n^ Xz^ ^\n\nArZ- ^ J\u00e9X&'X^ - ' yzi^y. A\n\n^\n\n^/ZiA . XX' Ayr AT ^\n\n^A' o^yry^ -^\"X A~.c\u00ab\u00ff\u00c6_ A\n\nZi^^^Zf^Ar As .4C,<4^A-A^ /p^>^\n\n^.nS^yrX-^ -^-z- ^ z^X \u2014\n\nXX ' \"X ^/^\u00abZVKriZ ^} yi~y,A\u2014^ *'**^^>-\n\nyuUAn^ ^y<o< A:L.4i.^taya^'X)\n\n\u201eZ> XJuX^ ^ ^ /^>- ^-y-^ ZZ^'\u2014\n\n\u2014 \u25a0 5^'^'\n\nhyUA^-^ X>\n\nA.^yA~ \u00c0'^ X^ ^c^i4^'-'A~. AtZi-^-Ai^ '-^^Zr \u00c2 ^y\u2014, J'-' \u00ffXn^y^\n\n\n4\n\n\n,.w^ ^ /iXt^\n\n,^-/f-^^ yU.. 'J\n\n-\u00e8cyi^'A^ny^\n\n\nr-^\n\n\nZil^'^~ ^ ^ \u2014 yy\u00e8^yy^ -^y\n\nA^yj^ y ^Y yy^cA^\n\n^^XX\u00a3^,y~,^Lyy' ^ V^' ^\n\n\n\u2014 '\n\n.. ^ .^y^,y(X\u00e9i y-y-\n\nKiyW^,^ X>-^, -,.-,^-4ryfe y-'\n\n^ jyy~ r'''^yyXj \"\"\n\n\nyiu' ^ '-'''y\u2014 'V y YrYY'^''\n\nY'' '-v*^ ^ -v^^v\n\n\nit^ ^ /t^tf ^j\" ^ ^\n\n'*'***^'^A^ r-->\u2014  \"-.\u25a0'W \u25a0^^'\u2014 -v-iSC^ ,.\u2014\n\n^\u0178[Ac^ ^ ^,f..^y\u00e9^,iU^ I_j(^r.^^ r^ J * .- ,^\n\n.m-/^ /^r^ ^Zt ^42^\n\n*^' -<^>*^ ^ , /\"*\n\n\n/kCv_ ^ -~ ^ ^ ^ ^ / 2^ ^H'\n\n^ a^ fO y:r /\u00f9, /i'-^ ^ ^\n\nSZT^ _ r>ZILZ~ ,'f---_'V ,-'**^ \u2014 '^f'^'*'^\n\n}}iC j^ryyC,-J^^ ^ \u2014 . \u2713S:\n\n/2^ yZt^ */\u00bbV jCtyfc^\n\n\n%,t\n\n\n2yxrc..0ty^ ^ >t*-\u00bb-\u00bb-^^i\u00bb^^-A^ -t/^^-C^^\n\n^ .^5\u00eeisc_ ^\u25a0. \u00ab=\u00ab*..^,4^\n\n\n-^\\Z^ fiu/-\n\n5;C-^\n\n\nX^ ^2\u00fcl/^ -;^-4L~\n\n^ IT^-xyu.. -\n\nm^f^i -/'\u2022 ^; ^\n\n\n^ y -/f^ t t >2^ /\n\n\n/\n\n\n^ \u00c6 w ^ ^ ir\n\nZ(P yifipZeff\n\n\nat^^, -wi^ -'V \u2014 '>i/\n\n,*4w /^^\u25a0''\u00ffi^^y^\u2014 5, v^ '-'\u2014'y- \u2014 yy^ '\n\n\n/^u^/y^yy-y- r^ ^ -<^AAy-\n\n^ Ay ^\u25a0. yy ^ y->^ ^--\n\nyAM-y^/r -^v^/ ^\n\n^ '-'^ yyiyy^\n-^yyyy\n\n/:J~^ ^\n\n\n- jy ^ ^\n\n0^ ^ i\u00ee_ ^y /S^ /\n\nJ-\n\ny.,  y\u00fc>^^y- , \u25a0^\u25a0^ \u25a0-\nyy v-y.^y^A'\n\ni^\u00e0:;^ ^ y^yy A. -'\u25a0-^ \u25a0\u25a0\n\n\n/\n\n\ny **\"b \u2014 'A^yy .*^7^\u2014 -\n\ni^-y-y\u2014 yM-'A^^ \u2022 yyy~-\n\n^yySjyyyXZ^r^^^ \u25a0 -\n\n\n/7U^ : p<^ ^ ^\n\n/Tt^'fKr\n\n\n^\u00bb-> <\u00ef_/^\n\n\nz/'^.\n\n\n/ A / - S70 /fa - ( f^)-\n\nZZ^\u00e9 )\n\n\n7f-^ ^-p //^. J'I '^ /< -n> )\n\n\nTHE TROANO CODEX\nAND\nTHE HIERATIC WRITING\nOF CENTRAL AMERICA\n\nBy L\u00c9ON DE ROSNY\n\nThe decipherment of the katunic writing of Central America seems of a nature to secure for the science to which the name Americanism has been given an important place in the domain of contemporary research. Until quite recently, the so-called figurative and didactic paintings of the ancient Mexicans promised almost alone to yield interesting revelations concerning the native history of the New World prior to the great discovery of Christopher Columbus. At least, these manuscripts were of a nature to make known to us, to a certain extent, the civilization of the Indians, according to the Indians themselves. One could not, however, compare these crude images to a true writing, nor admit on their account the cultivation of letters among the autochthonous populations of the transatlantic hemisphere. Thus Alexander von Humboldt denied that writing had been known and practiced anywhere but in the Old Continent, and the opinion of this scholar was generally adopted.\n\nProgress has been made, an error dispelled. It is known today that ancient America not only knew the art of writing, but had possessed numerous sculpted inscriptions and manuscripts drawn according to a graphic system very nearly equivalent to that used by the ancient Egyptians, the Babylonians, or the Chinese.\n\nUntil now the existence of a genuine writing has been established only in the Yucatan peninsula, in the regions occupied by the Maya race. This writing was probably widespread throughout the whole extent of the isthmian region of inter-oceanic America. Later discoveries will perhaps teach us that this art was cultivated well beyond these narrow limits: and already we possess some indications of a nature to suggest that the peoples of Mexico, and even those of Peru (at a period prior to the dynasty of the Incas), had likewise known how to note language by means of legible signs.\n\nBut without troubling ourselves, for the moment, to give such an extension to the domain of writing in ancient America, it suffices us to know that it was cultivated at the heart of this vast part of the world, and that monuments of this writing have been preserved for us, so as to interest the learned world in the exploration of a domain in which discoveries, of a scope doubtless considerable, are reserved for the persevering labor of archaeologists, linguists, and palaeographers.\n\nKatunic writing, well before the publication of the Relaci\u00f3n of Diego de Landa \u2014 to which the opening of a new path for Americanism is owed \u2014 had seemed to us worthy of exceptional attention, and we have occupied ourselves with it, on several occasions, in this Review. Now that the votes of authoritative scholars allow confidence to be placed in the new method adopted for the decipherment of this writing, we believe it useful to place in the hands of our readers some materials for work, so as to invite them to associate themselves with our task.\n\nDiego de Landa, bishop of Yucatan, was the destroyer of a considerable number of written documents of Yucatec antiquity. He attempted to annihilate down to the very last of these documents in which were recorded the religious ideas of the peoples whom the Spaniards were seeking to convert to Christian doctrine. By a singular caprice of destiny, it is to this same prelate, who wished to make every trace of a literature he judged tainted with a diabolical origin disappear, that we shall doubtless owe our someday knowing something of that very literature. Indeed, in the Relaci\u00f3n de las cosas de Yucat\u00e1n, of which he is the author, Diego de Landa, after having reported various kinds of information on the manners and customs of the Mayas, sees fit to speak to us of those very books which he had been proud to have delivered to the flames. The manuscript of this Relaci\u00f3n, recovered by the Abb\u00e9 Brasseur in the archives of the Royal Academy of History in Madrid, is unfortunately only an imperfect copy of the original work, and the part relating to the books, the writing, and the language of the Yucatecans appears to have been abridged by the copyist, in whose eyes it offered but rather mediocre interest. The result is that the palaeographic data furnished us by the Madrid manuscript are of the most incomplete kind and, what is worse, of a regrettable obscurity in the part most important for our studies.\n\nThe Relaci\u00f3n of Diego de Landa furnishes us, nevertheless, with very precious indications concerning the Yucatec calendar and the signs employed to note the days and months in that calendar. It is with the help of these indications, imperfect in so many respects, that the decipherment of the hieratic writing of Central America has been attempted.\n\nI have no intention of reproducing here, even in a succinct and abridged form, the work which I published recently on the interpretation of katunic characters (1). The purpose of this article is to place at the disposal of the readers of this Review the information we owe to Diego de Landa, and to call their attention to the possibility of frequently restoring signs in the numerous deteriorated parts of the hieratic manuscripts we possess, so as to facilitate their interpretation.\n\nThis system of restoring the old written documents of the Mayas can readily be extended to the four manuscripts known up to this day. I shall attempt for the present to apply it to one of them, the Troano Codex, lithographed with remarkable care at the Imprimerie Nationale of Paris.\n\nI\n\nLanda's indications relating to the hieratic writing of Yucatan comprise: 1\u00b0 The signs of the days; 2\u00b0 The signs of the months; 3\u00b0 A paradigm of the phonetic signs of Maya hieratic writing.\n\nThe day-signs offer, for the present, for our studies, the greatest interest, in the sense that they\n\n(1) Essai sur le d\u00e9chiffrement de l'\u00c9criture hi\u00e9ratique de l'Am\u00e9rique Centrale [Essay on the Decipherment of the Hieratic Writing of Central America] (Paris, 1876-77), in-folio, with plates.\n\nhave been recovered in great numbers in the four Maya manuscripts that we possess. These signs, in the form Landa gives them, are contained in the following table:\n\n1. \u2014 Kan.        6. \u2014 Muluc.       11. \u2014 Ix.         16. \u2014 Cauac.\n2. \u2014 Chicchan.    7. \u2014 [illegible]  12. \u2014 Men.        17. \u2014 Ahau.\n3. \u2014 Cimi.        8. \u2014 Chuen.       13. \u2014 [illegible] 18. \u2014 Ymic.\n4. \u2014 Manik.       9. \u2014 Eb.          14. \u2014 Caban.      19. \u2014 Ik.\n5. \u2014 Lamat.       10. \u2014 Ben.        15. \u2014 Ezanab.     20. \u2014 Akbal.\n\nThe Troano manuscript, in which all these signs are found, does not always reproduce them in an identical manner. I have given, in my Essai sur le d\u00e9chiffrement de l'\u00e9criture katounique, fairly numerous variants of these signs, the value of which I have succeeded in establishing beyond dispute.\n\nAt the outset of my attempts at interpreting the hieratic texts of Central America, I asked myself what these day-signs, so often repeated throughout all the known manuscripts, might express, and in particular whether they recurred in some order of a nature to furnish chronological data. I was not long in recognizing that such an order existed and could be determined, almost everywhere, in a regular and mathematical manner. Indeed, the days noted in the Troano Codex, for example, are most often reproduced there in series of 5, spaced from one another by 5, by 6, by 12, or by 16. Once this order was recognized, it became easy for me to restore a multitude of signs effaced in part or even entirely, and to form for myself a copy of the hieratic manuscript in question, in which the gaps are almost negligible as regards the series of characters relating to the calendar. One may judge of these restorations by those which we have indicated on the plate accompanying this article (1).\n\nPeople who would like to apply this method to the study of the hieratic texts of Yucatan will not be slow to recognize the advantage that can be drawn from it; but they will also find that, in certain places, the regular order which so singularly simplifies the work of decipherment appears altered. Thus, page 35, compartment 3 (2), we see a column of 5 signs,\n\n(1) See Plate XII-XIII.\n\n(2) See Plate XIV.\n\nRevue Orientale et Am\u00e9ricaine.\n\n42\n\ntwo of which are almost completely effaced; but judging by the last ones, whose clarity is perfect, we would be tempted to believe that here we have days spaced 4 apart. (Chicchan is the 2nd day; Muluc the 6th: interval 4.) Examination of the other signs in the column soon reveals to us an irregularity or an exception. The second sign is very distinct: it is Ben, the 10th day; the third, partly effaced, nonetheless shows unmistakable traces of the sign, the 14th day, which likewise gives us the interval of four days noted just now; but between the 14th day and the 2nd day that follows it, there is an interval of eight days, the number of Yucatecan days being 20 (20 \u2212 14 + 2 = 8). Here, then, is an irregularity for which paleographers must seek the explanation. This irregularity is not the only one, and we find another of far greater importance in our eyes, in folios 23, 22, 21, and 20 of the Codex Troano.\n\nThis example will suffice to give an idea of the kind of difficulties that we are called upon to resolve as soon as possible in the field of the decipherment of the hieratic writing of Central America. A certain amount of divination is necessary to achieve any success in this order of research. It is therefore greatly to be hoped\u2014\n\nRevue Orientale et Am\u00e9ricaine.\n\ntome IV.\n\nPl. XXIV, c.\n\n(35)\n\n1 Ymix.\n\nBen.\n\n(10th day), Ben.\n\nCaban.\n\n1 Chicchan\n\nChicchan.\n\n1 Caban.\n\nMuluc.\n\n(6th day). (1)\n\n1 Muluc.\n\nDays exceptionally\n\nplaced\n\n(20, 14)\n\nSeries\n\nCodex Troano\n\nPlacement of\n\nthe signs of the\n\ndays.\n\nThe Codex Troano and Hieratic Writing. 43\n\n\u2014that the number of pioneers in this new branch of Americanism may become greater, so that the results of one and another may be checked, criticized, and that light may spring from discussion. This short note is an appeal to paleographers of good will; we should be most gratified if it could be heeded, and the Revue orientale et am\u00e9ricaine will make it a duty to open its columns to all scientific communications that might be sent to it along the lines we have just indicated (1).\n\nII\n\nThe month signs given in the Relaci\u00f3n of Diego de Landa have unfortunately not been established as easily as the day signs in the known hieratic manuscripts. Here too we call for the research of Americanists. As a document, we reproduce below the table of these signs:\n\n(1) We propose, for our part, to publish successively, in the Revue Orientale et Am\u00e9ricaine, the new results to which our studies will lead us, so as to complete, to the best of our ability, the data already acquired, and notably that which we have presented for the judgment of Americanists in our Essai sur le d\u00e9chiffrement de l'\u00c9criture hi\u00e9ratique de l'Am\u00e9rique Centrale.\n\n44\n\nRevue Orientale et Am\u00e9ricaine.\n\nThe question of the phonetic characters of the hieratic writing of Central America is far more complex and difficult to resolve than\n\nThe Codex Troano and Hieratic Writing. 45\n\nthat of the day and month signs. We shall deal with it in our forthcoming issues.\n\nFinally, we believe we should close this short note with the bibliographical list of the principal writings relating to the decipherment of the katunic writing whose publication has been brought to our attention up to this day:\n\n1864. \u2014 Relation des choses du Yucatan, by Diego de Landa. Spanish text and French translation facing, including the signs of the Calendar and of the hieroglyphic Alphabet of the Maya language, accompanied by various historical and chronological documents, with an abridged French-Maya Grammar and Vocabulary, by Abb\u00e9 Brasseur de Bourbourg. Paris, Arthus-Bertrand, 1864. \u2014 In-8, cxii-516 pp. (25 fr.).\n\n1865. \u2014 Maya Hieroglyphic Alphabet of Yucatan, by William Bollaert (n.p., n.d.), London, 1865). \u2014 In-8, 9 pp.\n\n1869. \u2014 Lettre \u00e0 M. L\u00e9on de Rosny sur la d\u00e9couverte de Documents relatifs \u00e0 la haute antiquit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine et sur le D\u00e9chiffrement et l'interpr\u00e9tation de l'\u00c9criture phon\u00e9tique et figurative de la langue Maya, by Brasseur de Bourbourg. Paris, Amyot, 1869. \u2014 In-8, 20 pp. and 2 lithographed plates (3 fr.).\n\n1869. \u2014 Manuscrit Troano. \u00c9tudes sur le syst\u00e8me graphique des Mayas, by Brasseur de Bourbourg. Paris, Imprimerie imp\u00e9riale, 1869. \u2014 2 vols. in-4, chromolithograph plates (100 fr.).\n\n1869. \u2014 Essai de d\u00e9chiffrement d'un fragment d'inscription palenqu\u00e9enne, by H. de Charencey. Paris, 1869. \u2014 In-8 (3 fr. 50).\n\n1870. \u2014 The Ancient Phonetic Alphabet of Yucatan. By\n\n46 Revue Orientale et Am\u00e9ricaine.\n\nD. G. Brinton. New York, 1870. \u2014 In-8, 8 pages.\n\n1873. \u2014 Examination of Central American Hieroglyphs; Of Yucatan \u2014 including the Dresden Codex, the Guatemalian of Paris, and the Troano of Madrid; the Hieroglyphs of Palenque, Copan, Nicaragua, Veraguas, and New Granada; by the recently discovered Maya alphabet. By William Bollaert (n.p., n.d., London, 1873). \u2014 In-8, 28 pp.\n\n1875. \u2014 M\u00e9moire sur la num\u00e9ration dans la langue et dans l'\u00e9criture des anciens Mayas, by L\u00e9on de Rosny. Nancy, December 1875. \u2014 In-8, 24 pp. (2 fr.).\n\n1876. \u2014 Essai sur le d\u00e9chiffrement de l'\u00c9criture Hi\u00e9ratique de l'Am\u00e9rique Centrale, by L\u00e9on de Rosny. Paris, Maisonneuve et Cie, 1876. \u2014 In-folio, with lithographed plates in black and in color (75 fr.).\n\n1876. \u2014 Recherches sur le Codex Troano, by H. de Charencey. Paris, E. Leroux, 1876. \u2014 In-8, 15 pp.\n\n1877. \u2014 L'Interpr\u00e9tation de l'\u00c9criture Sacr\u00e9e du Yucatan, by \u00c9d. Madier de Montjau (pp. 17 to 36 of his \u00c9tudes Critiques sur l'Arch\u00e9ologie Am\u00e9ricaine et sur l'Ethnographie du Nouveau-Monde). Paris, E. Leroux, 1877. \u2014 In-8, 130 pp. and 7 plates (4 fr.).\n\n1878. \u2014 Essai sur le D\u00e9chiffrement de l'\u00c9criture Hi\u00e9ratique de l'Am\u00e9rique Centrale, by L\u00e9on de Rosny (Review, by G. Maspero, in the Revue Critique of 23 March 1878).\n\n1878. \u2014 (Review of the same work, by A. Sim\u00e9on, in the Revue Bibliographique Universelle, March 1878, p. 230 ff.).\n\n1878. \u2014 (Review of the same work, and Notice by A. Bonnetty, in the Annales de Philosophie Chr\u00e9tienne, 1878, vol. XV, p. 228 ff.).\n\nAny new publication relating to the\n\nThe Codex Troano and Hieratic Writing. 47\n\ndecipherment of the katunic writing, book, pamphlet, or article, will be announced in this Review, as soon as it comes to our knowledge.\n\n\u20147t..n-537","word_count":2901}