{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_12505/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_12505","id":"gutenberg_12505","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12505","summary":null,"tags":["Category: History - Other","Category: Journals","Category: Literature - Other","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Jon Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed\nProofreading Team. With thanks to Internet Library of Early Journals.\n\n\n\n\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS,\nANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNo. 23.] SATURDAY, APRIL 6. 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{361}\n\nCONTENTS.\n\nNOTES:-- Page\n  Periplus of Hanno, by R.T. Hampson 361\n  Pope Vindicated 362\n  The Supper of the Lorde 362\n  Folk Lore:--Palm Sunday Wind--Curious Symbolical Custom--The Wild\n     Huntsman 363\n  On Authors and Books, No. VI, by Bolton Corney 363\n\nQUERIES:--\n  Nicholas Breton's Crossing of Proverbs, by J.P. Collier 364\n  Sword called Curtana, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 364\n  Is the Dombec the Domesday of Alfred? by George Munford 365\n  Minor Queries:--Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures--Gloves--Law\n    Courts at St. Alban's--Milton Pedigree--Sapcote Motto--Scala Coeli,\n    &c. 366\n\nREPLIES:--\n  The Arabic Numerals and Cipher 367\n  Replies to Minor Queries, by Sir W.C. Trevelyan 368\n  Derivation of \"News\" 369\n  Replies to Minor Queries:--Swot--Pokership--Vox Populi--Living Dog better\n    than dead Lion--Curious Monumental Brasses--Chapels--Forthlot--Loscop--\n    Smelling of the Lamp--Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius--Golden Frog--Sword\n    of Charles I.--John Bull--Vertue MSS.--Lines attributed to Tom Brown,\n    &c. 369\n\nMISCELLANIES:--\n  Epigram by La Monnoye--Spur Money--Minimum de Malls--Epigram on Louis\n    XIV.--Macaulay's Young Levite--St. Martin's Lane--Charles Deering,\n    M.D. 373\n\nMISCELLANEOUS:--\n  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 375\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted 375\n  Notices to Correspondents 375\n  Advertisements 376\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPERIPLUS OF HANNO THE CARTHAGINIAN.\n\nI am not sufficiently Quixotic to attempt a defence of the\nCarthaginians on the western coast of Africa, or any where else, but\nI submit that the accusation brought against them by Mr. S. Bannister,\nformerly Attorney-General of New South Wales, is not sustained by\nthe only record we possess of Hanno's colonising expedition. That\ngentleman, in his learned _Records of British Enterprise beyond Sea_,\njust published, says, in a note, p. xlvii.:--\n\n\"The first nomade tribe they reached was friendly, and furnished\nHanno with _interpreters_. At length they discovered a nation _whose\nlanguage was unknown to the interpreters_. These strangers they\nattempted to seize; and, upon their resistance, they took three of the\nwomen, whom they put to death, and carried their skins to Carthage\"\n(_Geogr. Graeci Minores_, Paris, 1826, p. 115.).\n\nHanno obtained interpreters from a people who dwelt on the banks\nof a large river, called the Lixus, and supposed to be the modern\nSt. Cyprian. Having sailed thence for several days, and touched at\ndifferent places, planting a colony in one of them, he came to a\nmountainous country inhabited by savages, who wore skins of wild\nbeasts, [Greek: dermata thaereia enaemmenon]. At a distance of\ntwelve days' sail he came to some Ethiopians, who could not endure\nthe Carthaginians, and who spoke unintelligibly even to the Lixite\ninterpreters. These are the people whose women, Mr. Bannister says,\nthey killed. Hanno sailed from this inhospitable coast fifteen\ndays, and came to a gulf which he calls [Greek: Notou Kera], or\nSouth Horn.\n\n    \"Here,\" says the Dr. Hawkesworth, of Carthage, \"in the gulf,\n    was an island, like the former, containing a lake, and in\n    this another island, full of wild men; but the women were\n    much more numerous, _with hairy bodies_ ([Greek: daseiai tois\n    somasin]), whom the interpreters called [Greek: gorillas].\n    We pursued the men, who, flying to precipices, defended\n    themselves with stones, and could not be taken. Three women,\n    who bit and scratched their leaders, would not follow them.\n    Having killed them, we brought their skins to Carthage.\"\n\nHe does not so much as intimate that the creatures who so defended\nthemselves with stones, or those whose bodies were covered with\nhair, spoke any language. Nothing but the words [Greek: anthropoi\nagrioi] and [Greek: gunaikes] can lead us to believe that they were\nhuman beings at all; while the description of the behaviour of the\nmen, and the bodies of the women, is not repugnant to the supposition\nthat they were large apes, baboons, or orang-outangs, common to this\npart of Africa. At all events, the voyagers do not say that they\nflayed a people having the faculty of speech.\n\nIt is not, however, improbable that the Carthaginians were severe\ntaskmasters of the people whom they subdued. Such I understand those\nto have been who opened the British tin mines, and who, according to\nDiodorus Siculus, excessively overworked the wretches who toiled for\nthem, \"wasting their bodies underground, and dying, {362} many a one,\nthrough extremity of suffering, while others perished under the lashes\nof the overseer.\" (_Bibl. Hist._ l. v. c. 38.)\n\nR.T. Hampson.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPOPE VINDICATED.\n\n\"P.C.S.S.\" is too great an admirer of Pope not to seek to vindicate\nhim from one, at least, of the blunders attributed to him by Mr. D.\nStevens, at p. 331. of the \"Notes and Queries.\"\n\n  \"Singed are his _brows_, the scorching _lids_ grow black.\"\n\nNow, if Mr. S. will refer to Homer, he will find that the original\nfully justifies the use of \"brows\" and \"lids\" in the _plural_. It runs\nthus (_Od._ ix. v. 389.):\n\n  \"[Greek: Panta de ui blephar amphi kai ophruas eusen autmae].\"\n\n\"P.C.S.S.\" wishes that he could equally remove from Pope the charge\nof inaccuracy respecting the _three_ cannibal meals of Polyphemus. He\nfears that nothing can be alleged to impugn Mr. Stevens's perfectly\njust criticism.\n\nWhile on the subject of Pope, \"P.C.S.S.\" would wish to advert to\na communication (No. 16. p. 246.) in which it is insinuated that\nPope was probably indebted to Petronius Arbiter for the well-known\npassage--\n\n  \"Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow;\n  The rest is all but leather and prunella.\"\n\nWith all respect for the ingenious author of that communication,\n\"P.C.S.S.\" confesses that he is unable to discover such a similitude\nof expression as might warrant the notion that Pope had been a\nborrower from Petronius. He cannot suppose that Mr. F. could have been\nled away by any supposed analogy between _corium_ and _coricillum_.\nThe latter, Mr. F. must know, is nothing more than a diminutive of\na diminutive (coricillum, _not_ corcillum, from corculum); and the\nword is coined by Petronius to ridicule one of the affectations of\nTrimalchio (Nero), who was wont to indulge, to an absurd extent, in\nthe use of such diminutives (_vide_ Burmann, _in loco_). \"P.C.S.S.\"\nwill now subjoin such translations of the passage in question as he\nhas hitherto had opportunities of referring to. The first is from _The\nWorks of Petronius Arbiter, translated by several hands_, Lond. 8vo.\n4th edit. 1714. At the beginning of the translation itself there is\nthis heading--\"Made English by Mr. Wilson, of the Middle Temple, and\nseveral others.\" The passage in question is thus rendered:--\n\n    \"Come, my friends, let us see how merry you can be! for in my\n    time, I have been no better than yourselves; but, by my own\n    industry, I am what I am. _'Tis the heart makes the man_; all\n    the rest is but stuff!\"\n\nIn another translation, which, with Grub-Street audacity, the\npublisher, in his title-passage, presumes to attribute to Addison!\nand which appeared in 1736 (Lond. 8vo.), the passage is as follows:--\n\n    \"I was once as you are: but now, thanks to my industry, I am\n    what I am. _It is the heart that makes the man_; all the rest\n    is but stuff!\"\n\nBe the translator who he may, this version, so impudently ascribed to\nthe moral Addison, is written with much spirit and power, and with a\nremarkable comprehension of the author's meaning. Some of the poetical\nfragments at the end are, indeed, singularly well done.\n\nOf the two French versions which \"P.C.S.S.\" has examined, the one by\nLevaur (Paris, 8vo. 1726) thus translates the passage:\n\n    \"Je vous prie, mes amis ... _C'est le coeur qui fait les\n    hommes; je compte le reste pour un fetu_.\"\n\nIn that of Boispreaux (Lond. 1742), it is simply rendered--\n\n    \"Mon scavoir faire m'a tire du pair. _C'est le coeur qui fait\n    l'homme_ ...\"\n\nNo attempt is made to translate the _quisquilia_.\n\nP.C.S.S.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"THE SUPPER OF THE LORDE.\"\n\nI shall be glad to find that your correspondent \"C.H.\" (No. 21. p.\n333.) receives a satisfactory answer to his inquiry, as such a reply\nwould also satisfy my earlier query, No. 7. p. 109. I perceive,\nhowever, from his letter, that I can give him some information on\nother points noticed in it, though the absence of papers now passing\nthrough the press with the Parker Society's reprint of a third volume\nof Tyndale, will prevent my replying with such precision as I could\nwish. That ancient tract on \"The Supper of the Lorde, after the true\nmeanyng of the sixte of John,\" &c., of which \"C.H.\" says he possesses\na copy, was reprinted at different intervals with the same date, viz.,\nMCCCCCXXXIII, Apryll v., on its title-page. The original edition has a\nfinal colophon, stating that it was \"imprinted at Nornberg, by Nielas\nTwonson,\" and is so rare, that I have not been able to discover the\nexistence of any copy, but one recently deposited in the Bodleian.\nThat \"C.H.'s\" copy is not a specimen of that first edition, is\napparent from two circumstances. The first is, that he has given you\na quotation from his copy as follows:--\"And as for M. More, whom the\nverity most offendeth, and doth but mocke it,\" whereas the original\nedition has, \"And as for M. Mocke,\" &c., and Sir Thomas More notices\nthis mockage of his name in his reply. The next is, that his copy\ncontains \"Crowley's Epistle to the Reader,\" which does not appear in\nany edition of an earlier date than 1551. When first attached to this\ntreatise, the epistle was anonymous, as may be seen in the Lambeth\ncopy; but Crowley eventually {363} affixed his name to the epistle,\nas it appears in \"C.H.'s\" and in other copies. Robert Crowley was a\nfellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate;\na printer and publisher; but to his singular combination of titles, we\ncannot add that of author of the treatise in question. \"C.H.\" has seen\nthat he did not enter Oxford till 1534; and in his Prefatory Epistle,\nCrowley speaks of the author of the treatise as a person distinct from\nhimself.\n\nI do not wish, however, to be considered as positively affirming the\ntreatise to be Tyndale's. Foxe, the martyrologist, edited Tyndale's\nworks for Day, and he has only said that this treatise was \"compiled,\nas some do gather, by M. Wm. Tyndale, because the method and phrase\nagree with his, and the time of writing are [sic] concurrent.\" On the\nother hand, the authorship is unhesitatingly assigned to Tyndale by\nMr. C. Anderson (_Annals of the English Bible_, Sec.ix. _ad finem_),\nand by Mr. Geo. Offer (_Mem. of Tyndale_, p. 30.), the two most\npains-taking and best informants as to his works. But still there are\nobjections of such force, that I must confess myself rather inclined\nto attribute the treatise to Joy's pen, if I could but be satisfied\nthat he was capable of writing so correctly, and of keeping so clear\nof vulgarity in a controversy with a popish persecutor.\n\nH.W.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Palm Sunday Wind_.--It is a common idea among many of the farmers and\nlabourers of this immediate neighbourhood, that, from whatever quarter\nthe wind blows for the most part on Palm Sunday, it will continue\nto blow from the same quarter for the most part during the ensuing\nsummer.\n\nIs this notion prevalent in other parts of the country, as a piece of\n\"Folk-Lore?\"\n\nR.V.\n\nWinchester, March 26.\n\n\n_Curious Symbolical Custom_.--On Saturday last I married a couple in\nthe parish church. An old woman, an aunt of the bridegroom, displeased\nat the marriage, stood at the church gate and pronounced an anathema\non the married pair. She then bought a new broom, went home, swept\nher house, and hung the broom over the door. By this she intimated her\nrejection of her nephew, and forbade him to enter her house. Is this a\nknown custom? What is its origin?\n\nH. Morland Austen.\n\nSt. Peter's, Thanet, March 25. 1850.\n\n\n_The Wild Huntsman_.--The interesting contributions of your\ncorrespondent \"Seleucus,\" on \"Folk Lore,\" brought to my recollection\nthe \"Wild Huntsman\" of the German poet, Tieck; of whose verses on that\nsuperstitious belief, still current among the imaginative peasantry of\nGermany, I send you a translation, _done into English_ many years ago.\nThe Welsh dogs of Annwn, or \"couriers of the air\"--the spirit-hounds\nwho hunt the souls of the dead--are part of that popular belief\nexisting among all nations, which delivers up the noon of night to\nungracious influences, that \"fade on the crowing of the cock.\"\n\n\n\"THE WILD HUNTSMAN.\n\n  \"At the dead of the night the Wild Huntsman awakes,\n  In the deepest recess of the dark forest's brakes;\n  He lists to the storm, and arises in scorn.\n  He summons his hounds with his far-sounding horn;\n  He mounts his black steed; like the lightning they fly\n  And sweep the hush'd forest with snort and with cry.\n  Loud neighs his black courser; hark his horn, how 'tis swelling!\n  He chases his comrades, his hounds wildly yelling.\n  Speed along! speed along! for the race is all ours;\n  Speed along! speed along! while the midnight still lours;\n  The spirits of darkness will chase him in scorn,\n  Who dreads our wild howl, and the shriek of our horn,\n  Thus yelling and belling they sweep on the wind,\n  The dread of the pious and reverent mind:\n  But all who roam gladly in forests, by night,\n  This conflict of spirits will strangely delight.\"\n\nJ.M.\n\nOxford, March 13.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. VI.\n\nIn the union of scholarship, polished manners, and amiability of\ncharacter, we have had few men to surpass the reverend Joseph Spence.\nHis career was suitable to his deserts. He was fortunate in his\nconnections, fortunate in his appointments, and fortunate in his share\nof fame.\n\nHis fame, however, is somewhat diminished. His _Essay on the Odyssey_,\nwhich procured him the friendship of Pope, has ceased to be in\nrequest; his _Polymetis_, once the ornament of every choice library,\nhas been superseded by the publications of Millin and Smith; his poems\nare only to be met with in the collections of Dodsley and Nichols. If\nwe now dwell with pleasure on his name, it is chiefly as a recorder\nof the sayings of others--it is on account of his assiduity in making\n_notes!_ I allude to the volume entitled _Anecdotes, observations,\nand characters of books and men_, which was edited by my friend Mr.\nSinger, with his wonted care and ability in 1820.\n\nThe _Essay on the Odyssey_ was first published anonymously in 1726-7.\nIt was reprinted in 1737 and 1747. A copy of the latter edition, now\nin my possession, contains this curious note:--\n\n    \"It is remarkable that of twelve passages objected to in this\n    critique on the English Odyssey, _two_ only are found in those\n    books which were translated by Pope.\n\n    \"From Mr. Langton, who had his information from Mr. Spence.\n\n    \"When Spence carried his preface to Gorboduc in {364} 1736 to\n    Pope, he asked him his opinion. Pope said 'It would do very\n    well; there was nothing _pert_ or _low_ in it.' Spence was\n    satisfied with this praise, which however, was in implied\n    censure on all his other writings.--He is very fond of the\n    familiar vulgarisms of common talk, and is the very reverse of\n    Dr. Johnson.\n\n\"E.M.\" [Edmond Malone.]\n\nThe note is not signed at length, but there can be no doubt as to its\nauthorship, as I purchased the volume which contains it at the sale of\nthe unreserved books of Mr. Malone in 1818.\n\nBolton Corney.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQUERIES.\n\nNICHOLAS BRETON'S \"CROSSING OF PROVERBS.\"\n\nAlthough my query respecting William Basse and his poem, \"Great\nBritain's Sun's Set,\" (No. 13. p. 200), produced no positive\ninformation touching that production, it gave an opportunity to some\nof your correspondents to communicate valuable intelligence relating\nto the author and to other works by him, for which I, for one, was\nvery much obliged. If I did not obtain exactly what I wanted, I\nobtained something that hereafter may be extremely useful; and that\nI could not, perhaps, have obtained in any other way than through the\nmedium of your pleasant and welcome periodical.\n\nI am now, therefore, about to put a question regarding another writer\nof more celebrity and ability. Among our early pamphleteers, there was\ncertainly none more voluminous than Nicholas Breton, who began writing\nin 1575, and did not lay down his pen until late in the reign of\nJames I. A list of his pieces (by no means complete, but the fullest\nthat has been compiled) may be seen in Lowndes's _Bibl. Manual_;\nit includes several not by Breton, among them Sir Philip Sidney's\n_Ourania_, 1606, which in fact is by a person of the name Backster;\nand it omits the one to which my present communication refers, and\nregarding which I am at some loss.\n\nIn the late Mr. Heber's _Catalogue_, part iv. p. 10., I read as\nfollows, under the name of Nicholas Breton:--\n\n    \"Crossing of Proverbs. The Second Part, with certaine briefe\n    Questions and Answeres, by N.B., Gent. Extremely rare and very\n    curious, _but imperfect_. It appears to contain a portion of\n    the first part, and also of the second; but it appears to be\n    unknown.\"\n\nInto whose hands this fragment devolved I know not; and that is one\npoint I am anxious to ascertain, because I have another fragment,\nwhich consists of what is evidently the first sheet of the first part\nof the tract in question, with the following title-page, which I quote\n_totidem literis_:--\n\n    \"Crossing of Proverbs. Crosse-Answeres. And Crosse-Humours. By\n    B.N., Gent. At London, Printed for John Wright, and are to be\n    solde at his Shop without Newgate, at the signe of the Bible,\n    1616.\"\n\nIt is in 8vo., as Heber's fragment appears to have been; but then the\ninitials of the author are given as N.B., whereas in my fragment they\nstand B.N., a usual inversion with Nicholas Breton; the brief address\n\"To the Reader\" is also subscribed B.N.; and then begins the body of\nthe work, thus headed: \"Crosse and Pile, or, Crossing of Proverbs.\" It\nopens as follows:\n\n  \"_Proverb_. The more the merrier.\n  _Cross_. Not so; one hand is enough in a purse.\n  _P._ Every man loves himselfe best.\n  _C._ Not so, when man is undone by suretyship.\n  _P._ He that runnes fastest gets most ground.\n  _C._ Not so, for then foote-men would have more land than their masters.\n  _P._ He runnes far that never turnes.\n  _C._ Not so, he may breake his necke in a short course.\n  _P._ No man can call againe yesterday.\n  _C._ Yes, hee may call till his heart ake, though it never come.\n  _P._ Had I wist was a foole.\n  _C._ No, he was a foole that said so.\"\n\nAnd so it proceeds, not without humour and point, here and there\nborrowing from known sources, as in the following:--\n\n  \"_Proverb._ The world is a long journey.\n  _Cros._ Not so, the sunne goes it every day.\n  _P._ It is a great way to the bottom of the sea.\n  _C._ Not so, it is but a stone's cast.\"\n\nHowever, my object is not to give specimens of the production further\nthan are necessary for its identification. My queries are, 1st, Who\nbought Mr. Heber's fragment, and where is it now to be found? 2nd, Are\nany of your correspondents aware of the existence of a perfect copy of\nthe work?\n\nI naturally take a peculiar interest about Nicholas Breton, because\nI have in my possession an unknown collection of amatory and pastoral\npoems by him, printed in quarto in 1604, in matter and measure obvious\nimitations of productions in \"The Passionate Pilgrim,\" 1599, imputed\nto Shakespeare, and some of which are unquestionably by Richard\nBarnfield.\n\nAny new information regarding Breton and his works will be most\nacceptable to me. I am already in possession of undoubted proof that\nhe was the Nicholas Breton whose epitaph is on the chancel-wall of the\nchurch of Norton, in Northamptonshire, a point Ritson seems to have\nquestioned.\n\nJ. Payne Collier.\n\nMarch 30. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE SWORD CALLED CURTANA.\n\nIn the wardrobe account for the year 1483, are \"iij swerdes, whereof\noon with a flat poynte, {365} called _curtana_, and ij other swords,\nall iij swords covered in a yerde di of crymysym tisshue cloth of\ngold.\"\n\nThe name of _curtana_ for many ages continued to be given to the first\nroyal sword in England. It existed as long ago as the reign of Henry\nIII., at whose coronation (A.D. 1236) it was carried by the Earl of\nChester. We find it at the coronations of Edward II. and Richard II.;\nalso in the time of Henry IV., Richard III., and Henry VII.; and among\nthe royal arms of Edward VI. we read of \"a swerde called _curtana_.\"\n\nCan any of your readers explain the origin of the name _curtana_,\na sword so famous that it carries us back to the days of ancient\nchivalry, when it was wielded by the Dane _Uggiero_, or by the still\nmore famed _Orlando_.\n\nEdward F. Rimbault.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nIS THE DOMBEC THE DOMESDAY OF ALFRED?\n\nI beg to propose the following \"Query\":--Is the _Dombec_, a work\nreferred to in the Laws of Edward the Elder, the same as what has been\ncalled the Domesday or Winchester Book of Alfred the Great? I incline\nto think that it is not, and shall be much obliged to any of your\ncorrespondents, learned in the Anglo-Saxon period of our history, who\nwill give himself the trouble of resolving my doubts.\n\nSir Henry Spelman, in his Glossary _voce Dombec_, calls it the _Liber\nJudicialis_ of the Anglo-Saxons; and says it is mentioned in the first\nchapter of the laws of Edward the Elder, where the king directs his\njudges to conduct themselves in their judicial proceedings as on [Old\nEnglish: thaere dom bec stand], that is, as _is enjoined in their Dome\nBook_.--\"Quod,\" he continues, \"an de praecedentium Regum legibus quae\nhodie extant, intelligendum sit: an de alio quopiam libro hactenus non\nprodeunte, incertum est.\"\n\nBut this uncertainty does not seem to have attached itself to the\nmind of Sir William Blackstone; for in the third section of the\nIntroduction prefixed to his _Commentaries on the Laws of England_, he\ninforms us that our antiquaries \"tell us that in the time of Alfred,\nthe local customs of the several provinces of the kingdom were grown\nso various, that he found it expedient to compile his _Dome Book_, or\n_Liber Judicialis_, for the general use of the whole kingdom.\" This\nbook is said to have been extant so late as the reign of King Edward\nIV., but is now unfortunately lost. It contained, we may probably\nsuppose, the principal maxims of the common law, the penalties for\nmisdemeanors, and the forms of judicial proceedings. Thus much may be\nat least collected from that injunction to observe it, which we find\nin the Laws of King Edward the Elder, the son of Alfred.--\"_Omnibus\nqui reipublicae praesunt etiam atque etiam mando, ut omnibus aequos\nse praebeant judices, perinde ac in judiciali libro_ (Saxonice, [Old\nEnglish: dom bec]) _scriptum habetur: nec quidquid formident quin\njus commune_ (Saxonice, [Old English: folcrihte]) _audactes libereque\ndicant._\"\n\nBut notwithstanding this, it appears to me by no means conclusive,\nthat the _Dombec_ referred to in the Laws of Edward the Elder and the\n_Liber Judicialis_ of Alfred are the same; on the contrary, Alfred's\n_Liber Judicialis_ seems to have been known not under the name\nof _Dombec_, but under that of the _Winchester Roll_, from the\ncircumstance of its having been principally kept at Winchester: and\nSir Henry Spelman says, the Domesday Book of William the Conqueror was\nsometimes called _Rotulus Wintoniae, a similitudine antiquoris_, from\nits resemblance to an older document preserved at Winchester. And he\nquotes Ingulphus Abbot of Croyland, who says, \"Iste rotulus (i.e. the\nDomesday Book of William) vocatus est Rotulus Wintoniae, et ab Anglicis\npro sua generalitate, omnia tenementa totius terrae integre continente\n_Domesday_ cognominatur.\" And the he proceeds, \"Talem rotulum et\nmultum similem; ediderat quondam Rex Alfredus, in quo totam terram\nAngliae per comitatus, centurias, et decurias descripserat, sicut\npraenotatur. Qui quidem Rotulus Wintoniae vocatus est, quia deponebatur\napud Wintoniam conservandus,\" &c.\n\nHere is nothing said of this work being called [Old English: dom bec]:\nneither does Spelman, in his enumeration of the works of Alfred,\ngive the least intimation that any one of his collections of laws was\ncalled [Old English: dom bec].\n\nWe know, indeed, that Alfred compiled a code of laws for his subjects;\nbut whether any part of them has been preserved, or how much of them\nis embodied in subsequent codes, cannot now be determined. Asser\nmentions that he frequently reprimanded the judges for wrong\njudgments; and Spelman, that he wrote \"a book against unjust\nmagistrates,\" but any complete body of laws, if such was ever framed\nby Alfred, is now lost; and that attributed to him in Wilkin's _Leges\nAnglo-Saxon_, is held in suspicion by most writers.\n\nFor these reasons, and considering that Sir William Blackstone's\nknowledge of English history was rather superficial, I incline to the\nbelief, that the [Old English: dom bec] referred to in the laws of\nEdward the Elder, was some collection of laws made _prior_ to the time\nof Alfred: this might clearly be the case, as Sharon Turner informs\nus that the Saxon laws were committed to writing as early as the\ncommencement of the 7th century.\n\nThe opinions of your learned correspondents on this disputed point may\nbe of much interest to many of your readers, and to none more than to\n\nGeorge Munford.\n\nEast Winch.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{366}\n\nMINOR QUERIES.\n\n_MSS. of the Wycliffite Translations of the Scriptures_.--The Add. MS.\n15,521., in the British Museum, contains a copy of Lewis's edition\nof the _Wycliffite New Testament_, printed in 1731, with manuscript\nnotes by Ames and Lewis, and the former has transcribed into it some\n_additional prologues_, prefixed to each book of the New Testament,\nwhich had not been printed by Lewis, and were taken by Ames from a MS.\nof the New Testament, written in 1424, and in 1731 in the possession\nof Thomas Granger. It would be very desirable to learn what became of\nthis MS. subsequently. Granger died in the following year, but the\nMS. does not appear in the sale catalogue of his library, nor is it\nfound in the catalogue of Ames's own library, dispersed in 1760. Any\ninformation relative to this remarkable copy of the New Testament,\nwould be very acceptable to the Editors of the _Wycliffite Versions\nof the Scriptures_, who are now, after a literary labour of more than\ntwenty years, about to bring the work to a conclusion. They would\nalso feel much obliged by the communication of any notices of MSS. of\nthe Wycliffite versions, _existing in private hands_, exclusive of\nthose copies of which they already possess descriptions, existing in\nthe libraries of the following individuals:--Mrs. Allanson of Farn,\nFlintshire, the Earl of Ashburnham, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., Sir\nPeregrine Ackland, Bart., Sir David Dundas, H.M. Judge Advocate, Dr.\nCardwell, Principal of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, and Thomas Bannister,\nEsq.\n\nF. Madden.\n\nBritish Museum, March 28.\n\n\n_Why are Gloves not worn before Royalty?_--Can any of your readers\ninform me what is the origin of the custom observed at Court, of\npersons in the royal presence not wearing gloves? Is it a matter of\npure etiquette, or does the observance of it derive its origins from\nbarbarous times, when chivalry was little else than barbarism in\narmour?\n\nF.E.\n\n\n_Law Courts at St. Albans_.--Can any of your correspondents give\nme the reference to a communication in the _Gentleman's Magazine_\n(between, I think, the years 1815 and 1836), in which a passage\nin Massinger, which alludes to lawyers going to St. Albans, is\nillustrated by an inscription in the nave of St. Alban's Abbey Church,\nwhich records that the courts were held there on account of the\nsweating-sickness in the reign of Elizabeth?\n\n[Greek: Sigma.]\n\n\n_Richard Haley, or Hales.--Milton Pedigree_.--I should feel obliged\nby any particulars respecting Richard Haley, or Hales, of Idlestreete,\notherwise Ilstreyd, in com. Hertford, yeoman; my object being to\nascertain the nature of some transaction he had with Milton, in July\n1674, referred to in a bond which the former executed, dated the\n27th of that month, for performance of the covenants contained in an\nindenture of even date.\n\nIs any thing known of Richard Milton, who signs his name as the\nattesting witness to the releases given by two of the poet's daughters\nfor their share of his estate? Is there any pedigree of the family of\nSir Christopher Milton, the poet's brother, drawn up with sufficient\napparent accuracy to exclude the probability of Richard Milton being\nhis son? I have referred to the pedigree in the British Museum (Harl.\nMS. 5802. fo. 19b.), which makes no mention of the letter; but it is\nevidently so imperfect a notice, as to be of little authority one way\nor other.\n\nJ.F.M.\n\n\n_Sapcote Motto_.--Over the old gatehouse of Elton, co. Hunts., built\nby the family of Sapcote, is their coat of arms, namely, \"three\ndove-cotes;\" and upon a scroll, surrounding the lower part of the\nshield, is carved a motto, evidently French, and as evidently cut by\na person ignorant of that language. So far as I can decypher it, the\nletters appear to be\n\n  sco toot X vinic [or umic]\n  X poncs.\n\nPossibly the first and last letters _s_ are only flourishes. I shall\nbe glad of any suggestion as to its meaning.\n\nI have not been able to find the Sapcote motto on record; and I\nbelieve the Carysfoot family, the possessors of Elton, and the Duke\nof Bedford, the heir in blood, to be ignorant of what this scroll is\nintended to represent.\n\nErminois.\n\nAthenaeum Club.\n\n\n_Scala Coeli_.--In a will, dated 12 Hen. VIII., the testator directs\nthat there shall be four trentals of Saint Gregory said for his soul\nat London at \"Scala Coeli.\" Can any of your readers explain what place\nis meant by \"Scala Coeli?\"\n\nA Subscriber.\n\n\n_Illustrations of Gresset's \"Vert Vert,\" painted on Enamel, &c._--In\na Paris edition of Gresset's Works (Janet et Cotelle, 1823), in the\npreface is the following passage.--\n\n    \"Vert-vert fut bientot dans toutes les mains. Le suffrage de\n    la multitude se joignit a celui des connoisseurs; la mode, qui\n    est aussi en possession de donner son suffrage, s'empressa de\n    parer les ajustemens d'invention recente, du nom de l'illustre\n    perroquet; _les vases d'ornement, les vases usuels_ qui\n    sortoient des fabriques francoises, retracoient presque tous\n    quelques episodes du petit poeme. Un artist dont le nom est\n    venu jusqu'a nous, Raux, en _peignit sur email les sujets\n    les plus marquants_; et tandis qu'on faisoit passer dans une\n    version latine les vers elegants du poete jesuite, M. Bertin,\n    ministre d'etat, le gratifioit d'un magnifique _cabaret_ de\n    Sevres, dont toutes les pieces reproduisoient les aventures\n    de son heros, ce qui fit dire a Gresset, _qu'on le traduisoit\n    aussi en porcelaine de Sevres_.\" {367}\n\nThe _Query_ I wish to make is, Have any of these illustrations or\ndesigns from Gresset's poem of Vert-vert, painted on enamel china, or\nearthenware of any sort, of French or any other manufacture, come to\nlight of late years? or more lately still, among the articles that\nhave been dispersed among various buyers of almost all nations, in the\nsales within these few weeks effected at Paris?\n\nRobert Snow.\n\n\n_Urbanus Regius_.--A friend of mine, a delightful old lady, fresh,\ngenial, and inquisitive, has in her possession an old volume, a family\nheir-loom, which is not the less dear to her for being somewhat dingy\nand dilapidated, and touching which she would gladly receive such\ninformation as your correspondents can supply.\n\nIt is made up of three apparently distinct treatises; the first\n(of which several leaves are wanting) on the twelve articles of the\nApostles' Creed. The second is \"The ryght foundation, and pryncypall\ncommon places of the hole godly Scripture,\" &c., by Doctor Urbanus\nRegius. Prefixed is an epistle to Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury\n(evidently Cranmer), to whom \"Hys dayly oratoure, Gwalter Lynne (the\nwriter of the epistle), wyssheth lyfe euerlastynge.\" Between this\nsecond treatise and the third, and apparently belonging to the latter,\nis a title-page with the following inscription:\n\n    \"Imprinted for Gwalter Lynne, dwelling upon Somers Kaye, by\n    Byllinges gate. In the yeare of oure Lorde. MDXLVIII. And they\n    by [_sic_] to be solde at Poules church yarde at the north\n    doore, In the signe of the By-bell, By Richard Jugge.\"\n\nThis last treatise is in smaller type than the others, and has no\ngeneral designation: it contains chapters on various subjects, e.g.\n\"The Signification of Baptism,\" &c.\n\nQuery 1. Is this volume well known? 2. Who were Urbanus Regius and\nWalter Lynne?\n\nG.P.\n\nMarch 16. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPLIES.\n\nTHE ARABIC NUMERALS AND CIPHER.\n\nI might, with a little more consideration, have referred \"E.V.\" to\nseveral other authorities which he will do well to consult.\n\n9. Wallis's _Algebra_, p. 9. and p. 153. of the additions.\n\n10. _Phil. Trans._, Nos. 439. and 475.\n\n11. Montucla, _Histoire des Mathematiques_, tom. i. chap. 2.\n\n12. Baillie, _Histoire de l'Astronomie_.\n\n13. Delambre[1], _Hist. de l'Astr. du moyen age_.\n\n14. Hutton's _Tracts_ (8vo. ed. 1812.), vol. ii. (subject \"History of\nAlgebra\")\n\n15. Huet, _Demonstratio Evangelica_.\n\n16. Dr. John Taylor's Translation of the _Lilawati_. (Bombay, 1816.)\n\n17. Strachey's Translation of the _Bija Ganita_[2].\n\n18. Colebrooke's _Algebra of the Hindus_.\n\nWould it not be worth while to give a _facsimile_ of the \"Tabel for\nall manere of merchauntes,\" in the \"Notes and Queries\"? It is not only\na curiosity, but an important element (and unique as far as is known)\nin the philosophic history of our arithmetic. It was, no doubt, an\nactual instrument in constant use in the merchant's office, as much so\nas an almanac, interest-tables, a \"cambist\" and a copying-press, are\nnow.\n\nAs regards the cipher, the difficulty only commenced with _writing\nnumbers_ in the new symbology. With persons accustomed to the use\nof this instrument, there is no doubt that the mode of obviating the\ndifficulty of \"keeping the place,\" would suggest itself at once. In\nthis instrument an empty hole (without its peg) _signified_ \"none of\nthis denomination.\" What then more simple than to make the outline\nof the empty hole which occupied the \"local position\" of any\ndenomination, when none of that precise denomination occurred in the\nnumber itself? Under this view the process at least becomes simple\nand natural; and as the early merchants contributed so largely to the\nimprovement of our arithmetical processes, such a conclusion is wholly\ndivested of improbability on any other ground. The circle would then\nnaturally become, as it certainly has practically become, the most\nappropriate symbol of _nothingness_.\n\nAs regards the term _cipher_ or _zero_ (which are so obviously the\nsame as to need no remark), it is admitted on all hands to be derived\nfrom one or other of the Semitic languages, the Hebrew or the Arabic.\nIt is customery with the mathematical historians to refer it to the\nArabic, they being in general more conversant with it than with the\nHebrew. The Arabic being a smaller hand than the Hebrew, a dot was\nused instead of the circle for marking the \"place\" at which the hiatus\nof any \"denomination\" occurred. If we obtained our cipher from this,\nit would be made hollow (a mere _ceinture_, girdle, or ring) to\nsave the trouble of making a dot sufficiently large to correspond in\nmagnitude with our other numerals as we write them. Either is alike\npossible--probability must be sought, for either over the other, from\na slightly different source.\n\nThe root-words in Hebrew and in Arabic are precisely the same\n(_ts-ph-r_), though in the two {368} languages, and at different ages\nof the same language, they might have been vowelised differently.\nIn some shape or other, this name is used in all countries that have\nderived their arithmetic from mediaeval Italy, or from the Saracens. It\nis with some _cipher_, with others _chiffre_, and with all _zero_. The\nword is certainly no more Italian than it is French or English. Be it\nremembered, too, that _ezor_ (quoted at p. 268.), as a _girdle_, is\nradically the same word, somewhat mutilated. The cardinal meaning of\nthe word (denuded of the conventional accretions of signification,\nwhich peculiar applications of it adds to the cardinal meaning)\nappears to be _emptiness_, _hollowness_, _nothingness_. It may be\nfurther remarked, that in the fine Chartres MS. of Boetius, described\nby Chasles, the 0 is called _sipos_:--the same name, he remarks,\nthat Graves found in use in the East. The modern Turks call the 0,\n_tsifra_.\n\nIt is curious enough that in all languages, the term _ciphering_ is\npopularly used to denote all arithmetical operations whatever.\nOur schoolboys do their \"ciphering,\" and write carefully in their\n\"ciphering-books.\" This all seems to point to the art of dispensing\nwith the use of the abacus or counting table.\n\nT.S.D.\n\nShooter's Hill, March 5.\n\n[1] The best account, because the most consistent and\nintelligible, of the Greek arithmetic, is that by Delambre, affixed to\nPeyraud's edition of Archimedes.\n\n[2] At a period of leisure I may be tempted to send you a few\nextracts, somewhat curious, from some of the papers of Mr. Strachey in\nmy possession.\n\n\n_Arabic Numerals_.--I had replied to \"E.V.\" (No. 15. p. 230.), when\nI saw by your \"Notice to Correspondents,\" that the question was\nanswered. I therefore waited the publication of the replies, which I\nfind do not embrace any one of the points to which I would call the\nattention of \"E.V.\"--Diophantus of Alexandria, who flourished about\n150 years after Christ, and who wrote thirteen books of algebra or\narithmetic in the Greek language, is generally supposed to be the\noldest writer on the subject that has come down to our time; but it\nwas not from him that we received the knowledge of algebra in Europe.\nIt appears certain that the first knowledge of this science in\nEngland was from Italy or Spain, after the Moors settled in the latter\ncountry; and the Arabians and Persians appear to have derived their\narithmetical method of computing by ten characters from the Indians:\nwho, in their turn, have most probably borrowed from the Chinese, and\nimproved on their method by the adoption of a zero, which was one of\nthe most important improvements effected by the Hindoos. In China,\nthe words ancient and modern are almost synonymous; their usages\nand customs being so unchangeable, as appears by their instrument\nof computation, the _swanpan_, which is still used in all their\ncalculations. The Oriental scholar will find much curious and\ninteresting information connected with this subject in the Sanscrit\n_Vija Ganita_ and _Lilivati_ of Bhaskara Acharya: the former\nwas translated into Persian at Agra, or Delhi, in 1634, and the\nlatter by Fyzee in 1587; but there are also English translations,\nall of which are in the library of the Royal Asiatic Society. The\n_Khalasah-ul-Hisah_ is another work of repute in India. Mr. Strachey\nwrote and printed in India, for the _Asiatic Researches_, a valuable\npaper, which contains most conclusive evidence of the Indian (if not\nChinese) origin of our numerals. See also _Astronomie Indienne_,\nof M. Bailly; 2d vol. _Asiatic Researches_, \"On the Astronomical\nComputations of the Hindoos,\" by Saml. Davis; \"Two Dissertations on\nIndian Astronomy and Trigonometry,\" by Professor Playfair, in the 2d\nand 4th vols. of the _Edinburgh Philosophical Transactions_. And many\nothers might be referred to; but all tending to prove that our numbers\ncame originally from China and India, through Persia, Arabia, Africa,\nSpain, and Italy, by gradual and successive changes in form, several\nof them still retaining a close resemblance to the ancient and modern\nSanscrit, Chinese, Arabic, Persian, and Hindoo numerals.\n\nHenry Wilkinson.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.\n\nI send you a few Notes on Queries scattered through some of the later\nnumbers of your very valuable publication:\n\n_Anonymous Ravennas_.--In the library of the Royal Geographical\nSociety, I believe there is a copy of an 8vo. edition of that\ncosmography.\n\n_Selago_.--This plant, I should think it probable, is the _Lycopodium\nclavatum_ of modern botanists; the seeds of which, when ripe, and when\nthe plant is struck, rise like smoke (\"fumum\" of Pliny), and may have\nbeen supposed, from their remarkable inflammability when dashed into\na flame, igniting with a sudden flash, to have possessed wonderful\nvirtues. The species known as _Lycopodium selago_ is rare in\ncomparison to the other.\n\n_Portugal_.--In the library of the Geographical Society are some of\nthe more recent works published in Lisbon on the topography of that\ncountry, but they are generally very meagre and unsatisfactory. In a\nperiodical published in Lisbon in numbers, on the plan of the _Penny\nMagazine_, there is a good deal of information, with engravings,\nregarding many places of interest in Portugal. I think it is called\n_The Album_, but I am sorry I have not at present the power of sending\nyou more correct particulars concerning it. It is in 4to.\n\nPortugal is a country that is so little travelled in either by natives\nor foreigners, that information regarding places in the interior\nis not easily obtained; and facilities for travelling, as well as\naccommodation for travellers, is of a very limited description.\n\n_Sir Roger de Coverley_.--In one of your early numbers was a query on\nthis subject, which I do not think has been yet answered. I have a MS.\n{369} account of the family of Calverley, of Calverley, in Yorkshire,\nan autograph of Ralph Thoresby in the year 1717, in which occurs the\nfollowing passage:--\n\n    \"_Roger_, so named from the Archbishop\" (of York), \"was\n    a person of renowned hospitality, since, at this day, the\n    obsolete known tune of _Roger a Calverley_ is referred to\n    him, who, according to the custom of those times, kept his\n    _minstrells_, from that their office named _harpers_, which\n    became a family and possessed lands till late years in and\n    about _Calverley_, called to this day _Harpersroids_ and\n    _Harper's Spring_.... He was a knight, and lived in the time\n    of K. Richard 1st. His seal, appended to one of his charters,\n    is large, with a chevalier on horseback.\"\n\nW. CALVERLEY TREVELYAN.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDERIVATIONS OF \"NEWS.\"\n\nIt is not declared with what motive \"Mr. GUTCH\" (No. 17. p. 270.) has\nlaid before the readers of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" the alleged derivation\nof N.E.W.S.\n\nIt must therefore be supposed, that his object was to have its\njustness and probability commented upon; and it is quite time that\nthey should be so, since the derivation in question has of late become\nquite a favourite authoritative dictum with etymology compilers.\nThus it may be found, in the very words and form adopted by your\ncorrespondent, in Haydn's _Dictionary of Dates_, and in other\nauthorities of equal weight.\n\nThis sort of initial-letter derivation was probably brought into\nfashion in England by the alleged origin of \"Cabal,\" or, perhaps, by\nthe many guesses at the much disputed word \"AEra.\" I shall take the\nliberty of quoting a few sentences with reference to such etymologies,\n_as a class_, which I find in an unpublished manuscript upon a kindred\nsubject.\n\n    \"Besides, such a splitting up of a word of significant and\n    perfect meaning in itself is always a bad and suspicious mode\n    of derivation.\n\n    \"It is generally an after-thought, suggested by some\n    fortuitous or fancied coincidence, that appropriateness of\n    which is by no means a sufficient proof of probability.\n\n    \"Of this there can scarcely be a better example than the\n    English word 'news,' which, notwithstanding the felicity of\n    its supposed derivation from the four cardinal points, must,\n    nevertheless, so long as the corresponding words 'nova,'\n    'nouvelles,' &c. exist, be consigned to its more sober and\n    common-place origin in the adjective '_new_.'\"\n\nTo this it must be added that the ancient orthography of the word\n_newes_, completely upsets the derivation Mr. Gutch has brought before\nyour readers. Hone quotes from \"one Burton, printed in 1614: 'if any\none read now-a-days, it is a play-book, or _a pamphlet_ of _newes_.\"\n\nI had been in two minds whether or not to send this communication,\nwhen the scale is completely turned by the apropos occurrence of a\ncorroboration of this latter objection in \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" of this\nday. Mr. Rimbault mentions (at p. 277.), \"a rare black letter volume\nentitled _Newes from Scotland_, 1591.\"\n\nHere is one more proof of the usefulness of your publication, that I\nam thus enabled to strengthen the illustration of a totally different\nsubject by the incidental authority of a fellow correspondent.\n\nA.E.B.\n\nLeeds, March, 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.\n\n_Swot_ is, as the querist supposes, a military cant term, and\na sufficiently vulgar one too. It originated at the great\nslang-manufactory for the army, the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.\nYou may depend upon the following account of it, which I had many\nyears ago from the late Thomas Leybourne, F.R.S., Senior Professor of\nMathematics in that college.\n\nOne of the Professors, Dr. William Wallace, in addition to his being a\nScotchman, had a bald head, and an exceedingly \"broad Scotch\" accent,\nbesides a not very delicate discrimination in the choice of his\nEnglish terms relating to social life. It happened on one hot summer's\nday, nearly half a century ago, that he had been teaching a class,\nand had worked himself into a considerable effusion from the skin. He\ntook out his handkerchief, rubbed his head and forehead violently, and\nexclaimed in his Perthshire dialect,--\"_It maks one swot_.\" This was\na God-send to the \"gentlemen cadets,\" wishing to achieve a notoriety\nas wits and slangsters; and mathematics generally ever after became\n_swot_, and mathematicians _swots_. I have often heard it said:--\"I\nnever could do _swot_ well, Sir;\" and \"these dull fellows, the\n_swots_, can talk of nothing but triangles and equations.\"\n\nI should have thought that the _sheer disgustingness_ of the\nidea would have shut the word out of the vocabularies of English\n_gentlemen_. It remains nevertheless a standard term in the vocabulary\nof an English soldier. It is well, at all events, that future ages\nshould know its etymology.\n\nT.S.D.\n\n\n_Pokership_, (_ante_, pp. 185. 218. 269. 282. 323, 324.)--I am sorry\nto see that no progress has yet been made towards a satisfactory\nexplanation of this office. I was in hopes that something better than\nmere conjecture would have been supplied from the peculiar facilities\nof \"T.R.F.\" \"W.H.C.\" (p. 323.) has done little more than refer to the\nsame instruments as had been already adverted to by me in p. 269.,\nwith the new reading {370} of _poulterer_ for poker! With repect to\n\"T.R.F.'s\" conjecture, I should be more ready to accept it if he\ncould produce a single example of the word _pawker_, in the sense of\na hog-warden. The quotation from the Pipe-roll of John is founded on\na mistake. The entry occurs in other previous rolls, and is there\nclearly explained to refer to the _porter of Hereford Castle_. Thus,\nin Pipe 2 Hen. II. and 3 Hen. II. we have, under Hereford,\n\n  \"In liberatione portarii castelli ... 30s. 5d.\"\n\nIn Pipe 1 Ric. I. we have,\n\n  \"In liberatione constituta portarii de Hereford, 30s. 5d.\"\n\nAgain, in Pipe 3 Joh.\n\n  \"In liberatione constituta portario de Hereford, 30s. 5d.\"\n\nA similar entry is to be found in other rolls, as well printed as\ninedited. I could indulge some other criticisms on the communication\nof your correspondent in Spring Gardens, but I prefer encouraging\nhim to make further inquiries, and to produce from the records in\nhis custody some more satisfactory solution of the difficulty. In the\nmeantime, let me refer to a Survey of Wrigmore Castle in the Lansdowne\nCollection, No. 40. fo. 82. The surveyor there reports, that the\npaling, rails, &c. of the park are much decayed in many and sundry\nplaces, and he estimates the repairs, with allowance of timber from\nthe wood there, \"by good surveye and oversight of the _poker_ and\nother officers of the said parke,\" at 4l. The date of the survey is 13\nMay, 1584.\n\nComparing this notice of the office with the receiver's accounts\ntempore Hen. VII. and Hen. VIII. (_ante_, p. 269.), in which the\nofficer is called \"pocarius omnium boscorum,\" I cannot doubt that his\nduty, or at least one of his duties, was that of woodward, and that,\nas such, he assigned timber for repair of the premises. How he came by\nhis local title and style of poker is a mystery on which we have all\nhitherto failed to throw any light.\n\nE.S.\n\n\n_Vox Populi Vox Dei_,--about the origin of which saying \"QUAESITOR\"\nasks (No. 21. p. 321.),--were the words chosen by the Archbishop of\nCanterbury, Simon Mepham, as his text for the sermon which he preached\nwhen Edward III. was called to the throne, from which the nation had\npulled down his father, Edward II. This we learn from Walsingham, who\nsays:\n\n    \"Archiepiscopus vero Cantuariae praesenti consensit electioni,\n    ut omnes praelati et archiepiscopus quidem assumpto themate,\n    _Vox populi Vox Dei_, sermonem fecit populo, exhortans\n    omnes ut apud regem regum intercederent pro electo.\"--Tho.\n    Walsingham, _Hist. Angl._ ed. Camden, p. 126.\n\nDANIEL ROCK.\n\n\n_A living Dog better than a dead Lion_.--I no not know whether your\ncorrespondent (No. 22. p. 352.) ever goes to church; but if he is not\nprevented by rain next St. Swithin's day, he will learn who was the\nauthor of this proverb. It will be a good thing, if your work should\nsometimes lead your readers to search the Scriptures, and give them\ncredit for wisdom that has flowed from them so long, and far, and\nwide, that its source is forgotten; but this is not the place for a\nsermon, and I now only add, \"here endeth the first lesson\" from\n\nECCLESIASTES.\n\n    [\"J.E.,\" \"D.D.,\" and other correspondents, have also replied\n    to this Query by references to Eccl. ix. 4.]\n\n\n_Curious Monumental Brass_ (No. 16. p. 247.)--If \"RAHERE\" will turn to\nMr. Boutell's _Monumental Brasses and Slabs_, p. 148., he will there\nfind a description as well as an engraving of what, from his account,\nI doubt not he will discover to be the identical fragment to which he\nrefers. A foot legend, and what remains of a border inscription, is\nadded to it. In the above work, pp. 147 to 155, and in the Oxford\nArchitectural Society's _Manual for the Study of Brasses_, p. 15.,\n\"RAHERE\" will find an account and references to numerous examples of\npalimpsest brasses, to which class the one in question belongs.\n\nI presume that \"RAHERE\" is a young brass-rubber, or the fact of a\nplate being engraved on both sides would have presented no difficulty\nto him.\n\nARUN.\n\n    [We have received several other replies to this Query,\n    referring to Mr. Boutell's _Monumental Brasses_: one from\n    \"W.\"; another from \"A CORNISHMAN,\" who says,--\n\n    \"The brass in question, when I saw it last, had been\n    removed from the Rectory and placed in the tomb of Abbot\n    Wheathampstead, in company with the famous one of Thomas\n    Delamere, another Abbot of St. Albans.\"\n\n    Another from \"E.V.,\" who states,--\n\n    \"Other examples are found at St. Margaret's, Rochester (where\n    the cause of the second engraving is found to be an error in\n    costume in the first), St. Martins at Plain, Norwich, Hedgerly\n    Church, Bucks, and Burwell Church, Cambridgeshire. Of this\n    last, an engraving and description, by Mr. A.W. Franks,\n    is given in the fourteenth part of the Publications of the\n    Cambridge Antiquarian Society.\"\n\n    One from \"WILLIAM SPARROW SIMPSON,\" who says,--\n\n    \"It is also described in the Oxford Architectural Society's\n    _Manual of Mon. Brasses_, No. 6. pp. 6, 7. other examples of\n    which occur at Rochester, Kent, and at Cobham, Surrey. A small\n    plate of brass, in the possession of a friend, has on one side\n    a group of children, and on the reverse the uplifted hands of\n    an earlier figure.\"\n\n    And lastly, one from \"A.P.H.\" (to which we cannot do ample\n    justice, as we do not keep an engraver), from which we extract\n    the following passages:--\n\n    \"A friend of mine has a shield in his possession, taken from\n    a slab, and which has been enamelled. It is of late date\n    and rudely executed. On the back is {371} seen the hands and\n    breast of a small female figure, very nearly a century earlier\n    in date. I can also remember an inscription in Cuxton Church,\n    Kent, which was loose, and had another inscription on the back\n    in the same manner.\n\n    \"I am very much impressed with the idea that the destroyed\n    brasses never had been used at all; but had been engraved,\n    and then, from circumstances that of course we cannot hope to\n    fathom, thrown on one side till the metal might be used for\n    some other purpose. This, I think, is a more probable, as well\n    as a more charitable explanation than the one usually given of\n    the so-called palimpsest brasses.\"]\n\n\n_Chapels_ (No. 20. p. 333.).--As to the origin of the name, will you\nallow me to refer Mr. Gatty to Ducange's _Glossary_, where he will\nfind much that is to his purpose.\n\nAs to its being \"a legal description,\" I will not undertake to\ngive an opinion without a fee; but I will mention a fact which may\nassist him in forming one. I believe that fifty years ago the word\n_Chapel_ was very seldom used among those who formed what was termed\nthe \"Dissenting Interest;\" that is, the three \"denominations\" of\nIndependents, Baptists, and Presbyterians. But I well recollect\nhearing, from good authority, nearly, or quite, forty years ago, that\nan eminent barrister (whom I might now describe as a late learned\njudge), who was much looked up to by the dissenters as one of their\nbody, had particularly advised that in all trust-deeds relating to\nplaces of dissenting worship, they should be called \"Chapels.\" I do\nnot know that he assigned any reason, but I know that the opinion was\ngiven, or communicated, to those who had influence; and, from my own\nobservation, I believe that from about that time we must date the\nadoption of the term, which has now been long in general use.\n\nI do not imagine that there was any idea of either assistance\nor opposition to the Church of England, in the mind of him who\nrecommended, or those who adopted, the alteration, or that either\nof them expected or sought any thing by this measure but to obtain\na greater security for property, or, rather, to avoid some real\nor imagined insecurity, found or supposed to attach to the form of\ndescription previously in use.\n\nA BARRISTER.\n\n\n_Forlot, Forthlot_ (No. 20. p. 320.).--A measure of grain used\nthroughout Scotland at present--query _fourthlot_. See Jamieson's\n_Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language_.\n\n    \"_Firlot; Fyrlot; Furlet_.--A corn measure in S., the fourth\n    part of a boll.\n\n    \"Thay ordainit the boll to mat victual with, to be devidit\n    in foure partis, _videlicet_, foure _fyrlottis_ to contene\n    a boll; and that _fyrlot_ not to be maid efter the first\n    mesoure, na efter the mesoure now usit, bot in middill mesoure\n    betwixt the twa.\"--_Acts Jac._ l. 1526. c. 80. edit. 1566.\n\n  \"--Ane furme, ane furlet,\n  Ane pott, ane pek.\"\n\n      Bannatyne _Poems_, p. 159.\n\nSkinner derives it from A.-S. _feower_, quatuor; and _lot_, _hlot_,\nportio (the fourth part); Teut. \"_viertel_.\"\n\nJ.S.\n\n\n_Loscop_ (No. 20. p. 319).--To be \"Louecope-free\" is one of the\nimmunities granted to the Cinque Ports in their charters of Liberties.\n\nJeakes explains the term thus:--\n\n    \"The Saxon word Cope (in Low Dutch still Kope or Koope), for\n    trade or merchandising, makes this as much as to trade freely\n    for love. So that by no kind of monopoly patent, or company or\n    society of traders or merchants, the portsmen be hindered from\n    merchandising; but freely and for love, be permitted to trade\n    and traffick, even by such company of merchants, whenever it\n    shall happen their concerns lie together.\"\n\nIn my MSS., and in the print of Jeakes, it is \"Louecope,\" with which\n\"Lofcope\" may be readily identified; and _f_ may easily be misread for\n_s_, especially if the roll be obscured.\n\nIf Jeakes's etymology of the word be correct, the inference would\nrather be that \"Lovecope\" was a tax for the goodwill of the port\nat which a merchant vessel might arrive; a \"port duty\" in fact,\nindependent of \"lastage\" &c., chargeable upon every trader that\nentered the port, whatever her cargo might be. And the immunities\ngranted to the portsmen were that they should be \"port duty free.\"\n\nI do not venture to offer this as any thing more than a mere guess.\nAmong your contributors there are many more learned than myself in\nthis branch of antiquarian lore, who will probably be able to give\na more correct interpretation, and we shall feel obliged for any\nassistance that they can give us in elucidating the question.\n\n\"Lovecope\" might perhaps be the designation of the association of\nmerchants itself, to which Jeakes alludes; and the liberty of forming\nsuch association, with powers of imposing port duties, may have been\ndependent on special grant to any port by royal charter, such as that\nwhich forms the subject of your correspondent's communication.\n\nAfter all, perhaps, \"Lovecope\" was the word for an association of\nmerchants; and \"Louecope-free\" is to be freed from privileged taxation\nby this body.\n\nL.B.L.\n\n\n_Smelling of the Lamp_ (No. 21. p. 335.).--\"X.\" will find the\nexpression [Greek: Illuchnion ozein] attributed to Pytheas by Plutarch\n(_Vit. Demosth._, c. 8.).\n\nJ.E.B. MAYOR.\n\n\n_Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius_ (No. 20. p. 313.).--It may gratify Mr.\nSinger to be informed that the Lauderdale MS., formerly in the library\nat Ham House, is now preserved, with several other {372} valuable\nmanuscripts and books, in the library at Helmingham Hall, Suffolk, the\nseat of the Tollemache family.\n\nM.\n\n\n_Golden Frog_.--Ingenious as is the suggestion of \"R.R.\" (No. 18. p.\n282.), that Sir John Poley stuck a golden frog in his ear from his\naffection for _tadpoles_, I think \"R.R.'s\" \"Rowley Poley\" may be\ndismissed with the \"_gammon_ and spinach\" of the amorous frog to which\nhe alludes.\n\nConceiving that the origin of so singular a badge could hardly fail to\nbe commemorated by some tradition in the family, I have made inquiry\nof one of Sir John Poley's descendants, and I regret to hear from him\nthat \"they have no authentic tradition respecting it, but that they\nhave always believed that it had some connection with the service Sir\nJohn rendered in the Low Countries, where he distinguished himself\nmuch by his military achievements.\" To the Low Countries, then, the\nland of frogs, we must turn for the solution of the enigma.\n\nGastras.\n\nCambridge, March 9.\n\n\n_Sword of Charles I._--Mr. Planche inquires (No. 12. p. 183.), \"When\ndid the real sword of Charles the First's time, which, but a few years\nback, hung at the side of that monarch's equestrian figure at Charing\nCross, disappear?\"--It disappeared about the time of the coronation\nof Her present Majesty, when some scaffolding was erected about the\nstatue, which afforded great facilities for removing the rapier (for\nsuch it was); and I always understood it found its way, by some means\nor other, to the Museum, so called, of the notoriously frolicsome\nCaptain D----, where, in company with the wand of the Great Wizard of\nthe North, and other well-known articles, it was carefully labelled\nand numbered, and a little account appended of the circumstances of\nits acquisition and removal.\n\nJohn Street.\n\n    [Surely then Burke was right, and the \"Age of Chivalry is\n    past!\"--Otherwise the idea of _disarming a statue_ would never\n    have entered the head of any Man of Arms, even in his most\n    frolicsome of moods.]\n\n\n_John Bull_.--_Vertue MSS._--I always fancied that the familiar name\nfor our countrymen, about the origin of which \"R.F.H.\" inquires (No.\n21. p. 336.), was adopted from Swift's _History of John Bull_, first\nprinted in 1712; but I have no authority for saying so.\n\nIf the Vertue MSS. alluded to (No. 20. p. 319.) were ever returned by\nMr. Steevens to Dr. Rawlinson, they may be in the Bodleian Library, to\nwhich the Doctor left all his collections, including a large mass of\npapers purchased by him long after Pepys' death, as he described it,\n\"Thus et odores vendentibus.\"\n\nThese \"_Pepys_ papers,\" as far as I can recollect, were very\nvoluminous, and relating to all sorts of subjects; but I saw them in\n1824, and had only then time to examine and extract for publication\nportions of the correspondence.\n\nBraybrooke.\n\nAudley End, March 25.\n\n\n_Vertue's Manuscripts_.--The MS. quoted under this title by Malone\nis printed entire, or rather all of it which refers to plays, by Mr.\nPeter Cunningham, in the _Papers of the Shakspeare Society_, vol. ii.\np. 123., from an interleaved copy of Langbaine. Since the publication\nof that paper, the entries relating to Shakspeare's plays have been\ngiven from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library, in Halliwell's\n_Life of Shakspeare_, p. 272.\n\nS.L.\n\n\n_Vertue's MSS_. (No. 20. p. 319.) were in Horace Walpole's possession,\nbought by him, I think, of Vertue's widow; and his _Anecdotes of\nPainting_ were chiefly composed from them, as he states, with great\nmodesty, in his dedication and his preface. I do not see in the\nStrawberry-Hill Catalogue any notice of \"Vertue's MSS.,\" though some\nvols. of his collection of engravings were sold.\n\nC.\n\n\n_Lines attributed to Tom Brown_.--In a book entitled _Liber\nFacetiarum, being a Collection of curious and interesting Anecdotes_,\npublished at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, by D. Akenhead & Sons, 1809, the\npassage attributed to Tom Brown by your correspondent \"J.T.\" is given\nto Zacharias Boyd.\n\nThe only reference given as authority for the account is the initials\nH.B.\n\n    \"Zacharias Boyd, whose bust is to be seen over the entrance\n    to the Royal College in Glasgow, while Professor in that\n    university, translated the Old and New Testament into Scotch\n    Metre; and, from a laudable zeal to disseminate religious\n    knowledge among the lower classes of the community, is said to\n    have left a very considerable sum to defray the expense of the\n    said work, which, however, his executors never printed.\"\n\nAfter a few specimens, the account goes on\n\n    \"But the highest flight of his Muse appears in the following\n    _beautiful Alexandrine_:\n\n      \"And was not Pharaoh a saucy rascal?\n      That would not let the children of Israel, their wives\n      And their little ones, their flocks and their herds, go\n      Out into the wilderness forty days\n                                      To eat the Pascal.\n\n      \"H.B.\"\n\nSpeaking of Zachariah Boyd, Granger says, (vol. ii. p. 379.):\n\n    \"His translation of the Scripture in such uncouth verse as to\n    amount to burlesque, has been often quoted, and the just fame\n    of a benefactor to learning has been obscured by that cloud\n    of miserable rhymes. Candour will smile at the foible, but\n    applaud the man.\n\n    \"Macure, in his account of Glasgow, p. 223., informs us he\n    lived in the reign of Charles I.\"\n\nH.I.\n\nSheffield, March 9. 1850. {373}\n\n\n_Passage in Frith's Works_ (No. 20. p. 319).--This passage should be\nread, as I suppose, \"Ab inferiori ad suum superius confuse distribui.\"\n\nIt means that there would be confusion, if what is said distributively\nor universally of the lower, should be applied distributively or\nuniversally to the higher; or, in other words, if what is said\nuniversally of a species, should be applied universally to the genus\nthat contains that and other species: e.g., properties that are\nuniversally found in the human species will not be found universally\nin the genus Mammalis, and universal properties of Mammalia wil not be\nuniversal over the animal kingdom.\n\nT.J.\n\n\n_Martins, the Louvain Printer_.--Your correspondent \"W.\" (No.\n12. p. 185.) is informed, that in Falkenstein's _Geschichte der\nBuchdrucherkunst_ (Leipzig, 1840, p. 257.), Theoderich Martens,\nprinter in Louvain and Antwerp, is twice mentioned. I have no doubt\nbut this is the correct German form of the name. Mertens, by which he\nwas also known, may very possibly be the Flemish form. His Christian\nname was also written Dierik, a short form of Dietrich, which, in its\nturn, is the same as Theodorich.\n\nNORTHMAN.\n\n\n_Master of the Revels_.--\"DR. RIMBAULT\" states (No. 14. p. 219.), that\nSolomon Dayrolle was appointed Master of the Revels in 1744, but does\nnot know the date of his decease. It may be unknown to Dr. Rimbault,\nthat Solomon Dayrolle_s_ was an intimate friend and correspondent of\nthe great Lord Chesterfield: the correspondence continues from 1748\nto 1755 in the selection of Chesterfield's letters to which I am\nreferring.\n\nDayrolles, during all that period, held a diplomatic appointment from\nthis country at the Hague. See Lord Chesterfield's letter to him of\nthe 22d Feb. 1748, where Lord C. suggests that by being cautious he\n(Dayrolles) may be put _en train d'etre Monsieur l'Envoye_.\n\nIn several of the letters Chesterfield warmly and familiarly commends\nhis hopeful son, Mr. Stanhope, to the care and attention of Dayrolles.\n\nI have not been able to ascertain when Dayrolles died, but the above\nmay lead to the discovery.\n\nW.H. LAMMIN.\n\n\n_French Maxim_.--The French saying quoted by \"R.V.\" is the 223rd\nof _Les Reflexions morales du Duc de la Rochefoucauld_ (Pougin,\nParis, 1839). I feel great pleasure in being able to answer your\ncorrespondent's query, as I hope that my reply may be the means of\nintroducing to his notice one of the most delightful authors that has\never yet written: one who deserves far more attention than he appears\nto receive from general readers in this degenerate age, and from whom\nmany of his literary successors have borrowed some of their brightest\nthoughts. I need not go far for an illustration:\n\n  \"Praise undeserved, is scandal in disguise,\"\n\nis merely a condensation of,\n\n    \"Louer les princes des vertus qu'ils n'ont pas, c'est leur\n    dire impunement des injures.\"--La Rochefoucauld, Max. 327.\n\nI believe that Pope marks it as a _translation--a borrowed\nthought--not as a quotation_. He has just before used the words \"your\nMajesty;\" and I think the word \"_scandal_\" is employed \"_consulto_,\"\nand alludes to the offence known in English law as \"scandalum\nmagnatum.\" Your correspondent will, of course, read the work in the\noriginal; in fact, he _must_ do so _per force_. A good translation\nof _Les Maximes_ is still a desideratum in English literature. I\nhave not yet seen one that could lay claim even to the meagre title\nof mediocrity; although I have spared neither time nor pains in the\nsearch. Should any of your readers have been more fortunate, I shall\nfeel obliged by their referring me to it.\n\nMELANION.\n\n\n_Endeavour_.--I have just found the following instance of \"endeavour\"\nused as an active verb, in Dryden's translation of Maimbourg's\n_History of the League_, 1684.\n\n    \"On the one side the majestique House of Bourbon,... and on\n    the other side, that of two eminent families which endeavour'd\n    their own advancement by its destruction; the one is already\n    debas'd to the lowest degree, and the other almost reduc'd to\n    nothing.\"--p. 3.\n\nC. FORBES.\n\nTemple.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMISCELLANIES.\n\n_Epigram by La Monnoye_.--It has been ingeniously said, that \"Life is\nan epigram, of which death is the point.\" Alas for human nature! good\npoints are rare; and no wonder, according to this wicked, but witty,\n\n  EPIGRAM BY LA MONNOYE.\n\n  The world of fools has such a store,\n    That he who would not see an ass,\n  Must bide at home, and bolt his door,\n    And break his looking glass.\n\nS.W.S.\n\nMickleham, Dec. 10. 1849.\n\n\n_Spur Money_.--Two or three years since, a party of sappers and miners\nwas stationed at Peterborough, engaged in the trigonometrical survey,\nwhen the officer entered the cathedral with his spurs on, and was\nimmediately beset by the choristers, who demanded money of him for\ntreading the sacred floor with armed heels. Does any one know the\norigin of this singular custom? I inquired of some of the dignitaries\nof the Cathedral, but they were not aware even of its existence. The\nboys, however, have more tenacious memories, at least where their\ninterest is concerned; but we must not look to them for the origin of\na {374} custom which appears to have long existed. In the _Memorials\nof John Ray_, published by the Ray Society, p. 131., there is the\nfollowing entry in his second Itinerary:--\n\n    \"July the 26th, 1661, we began our journey northwards from\n    Cambridge, and that day, passing through Huntingdon and\n    Stilton, we rode as far as Peterborough twenty-five miles.\n    There I first heard the Cathedral service. The choristers made\n    us pay money for coming into the choir with our spurs on.\"\n\nEast Winch.\n\n    [The following note from _The Book of the Court_ will serve\n    to illustrate the curious custom referred to by our\n    correspondent:\n\n    \"In _The Privy Purse Expenses of King Henry VIII._ edited by\n    Sir Harris Nicolas, there occur several entries of payments\n    made to the choristers of Windsor 'in rewarde for the king's\n    spurs'; which the editor supposes to mean 'money paid to\n    redeem the king's spurs, which had become the fee of the\n    choristers at Windsor, perhaps at installations, or at the\n    annual celebration of St. George's feast.' No notice of the\n    subject occurs in Ashmole's or Anstis's _History of the Order\n    of the Garter_. Mr. Markland, quoting a note to Gifford's\n    edition of Ben Jonson, vol. ii. p. 49., says, 'In the time\n    of Ben Jonson, in consequence of the interruptions to Divine\n    Service occasioned by the ringing of the spurs worn by persons\n    walking and transacting business in cathedrals, and especially\n    in St. Paul's, a small fine was imposed on them, called\n    \"spur-money,\" the exaction of which was committed to the\n    beadles and singing-boys.' This practice, and to which,\n    probably, the items in Henry's household-book bear reference,\n    still obtains, or, at least, did till very lately, in the\n    Chapel Royal and other choirs. Our informant himself claimed\n    the penalty, in Westminster Abbey, from Dr. Fisher, Bishop of\n    Rochester, and received from him an eighteenpenny bank token\n    as the fine. He likewise claimed the penalty from the King\n    of Hanover (then Duke of Cumberland), for entering the choir\n    of the Abbey in his spurs. But His Royal Highness, who had\n    been installed there, excused himself with great readiness,\n    pleading 'his right to wear his spurs in that church, inasmuch\n    as it was the place where they were first put on him!'--See\n    further, _European Mag._, vol. iii. p. 16.\"]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMINIMUM DE MALIS.\n\n(_FROM THE LATIN OF BUCHANAN._)\n\n  Calenus owed a single pound, which yet\n  With all my dunning I could never get.\n  Tired of fair words, whose falsehood I foresaw,\n  I hied to Aulus, learned in the law.\n  He heard my story, bade me \"Never fear,\n  There was no doubt--no case could be more clear:--\n  He'd do the needful in the proper place,\n  And give his best attention to the case.\"\n    And this he may have done--for it appears\n  To have been his business for the last ten years,\n  Though on his pains ten times ten pounds bestow'd\n  Have not regain'd that one Calenus owed.\n    Now, fearful lest this unproductive strife\n  Consume at once my fortune and my life,\n  I take the only course I can pursue,\n  And shun my debtor and my lawyer too.\n  I've no more hope from promises or laws,\n  And heartily renounce both debt and cause--\n  But if with either rogue I've more to do,\n  I'll surely choose my debtor of the two;\n  For though I credit not the lies he tells,\n  At least he _gives_ me what the other _sells_.\n\nRufus.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n_Epigram on Louis XIV._--I find the following epigram among some old\npapers. The emperor would be Leopold I., the king Louis XIV.\n\n_Epigram by the Emperor, 1666, and the King of France._\n\n  Bella fugis, sequeris bellas, pugnaeque repugnas,\n    Et bellatori sunt tibi bella tori.\n  Imbelles imbellis amas, totusque videris\n    Mars ad opus Veneris, Martis ad arma Venus.\n\nJ.H.L.\n\n\n_Macaulay's Young Levite._--I met, the other day with a rather curious\nconfirmation of a passage in Macaulay's _History of England_, which\nhas been more assailed perhaps than any other.\n\nIn his character of the clergy, Macaulay says, they frequently\nmarried domestics and retainers of great houses--a statement which has\ngrievously excited the wrath of Mr. Babington and other champions.\nIn a little book, once very popular, first published in 1628, with\nthe title _Microcosmographie, or a Piece of the World discovered_,\nand which is known to have been written by John Earle, after the\nRestoration Bishop of Worcester and then of Salisbury, is the\nfollowing passage. It occurs in what the author calls a character of\n\"a young raw preacher.\"\n\n    \"You shall know him by his narrow velvet cape and serge\n    facing, and his ruffe, next his hire, the shortest thing\n    about him.... His friends, and much painefulnesse, may\n    preferre him to thirtie pounds a yeere, and this meanes, to\n    a chamber-maide: with whom we leave him now in the bonds of\n    wedlocke. Next Sunday you shall have him againe.\"\n\nThe same little book contains many very curious and valuable\nillustrations of contemporary manners, especially in the universities.\n\nThat the usage Macaulay refers to was not uncommon, we find from a\npassage in the _Woman-Hater_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1607), Act\nIII. Sc. 3.\n\nLazarillo says,\n\n  \"Farewell ye courtly chaplains that be there!\n  All good attend you! May you never more\n  Marry your patron's lady's waiting-woman!\"\n\nI.T.\n\nTrin. Coll. Camb., March 16. 1850. {375}\n\n\n_St. Martin's Lane_.--The first building leases of St. Martin's Lane\nand the adjacent courts accidentally came under my notice lately.\nThey are dated in 1635 and 1636, and were granted by the then Earl of\nBedford.\n\nArun.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCHARLES DEERING, M.D.\n\n\"Author of the Catalogue of Plants in the neighbourhood of Nottingham.\n'Catalogus Stirpium, &c., or a Catalogue of Plants naturally growing\nand commonly cultivated in divers parts of England, and especially\nabout Nottingham,' 8vo. Nottingh. 1738.\n\n\"He was in the suite of the English ambassador to Russia, returned and\npractised physic in London married unfortunately, buried his wife,\nand then went to Nottingham, where he lived several years. During\nhis abode there he wrote a small _Treatise on the Small Pocks_, this\n_Catalogue of Plants_, and the _History of Nottingham_, the materials\nfor which John Plumtre, Esq. of Nottingham, was so obliging as to\nassist him with. He also was paid 40l. by a London bookseller for\nadding 20,000 words to an English dictionary. He was master of seven\nlanguages, and in 1746 he was favoured with a commission in the\nNottinghamshire Foot, raised at that time. Soon after died, and was\nburied in St. Peter's Churchyard.\n\n\"William Ayscough, father of the printer of this _Catalogus Stirpium_\n(G. Ayscough), in 1710, first introduced the art of printing at\nNottingham.\n\n\"Mr. White was the same year the first printer at Newcastle-upon-Tyne;\nand Mr. Dicey at Northampton.\"--_MS. Note in the Copy of the Cat.\nStirpium, in the Library of the British Museum_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMISCELLANEOUS.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC.\n\nOur advertising columns already show some of the good results of the\n_Exhibition of the Works of Ancient and Mediaeval Art_. Mr. Williams\nannounced last week his _Historic Reliques_, to be etched by\nhimself. Mr. Cundall has issued proposals for _Choice Examples of Art\nWorkmanship_; and, lastly, we hear that an _Illustrated Catalogue\nof the Exhibition_, prepared by Mr. Franks, the zealous Honorary\nSecretary of the Committee, and so arranged as to form a _History of\nArt_, may be expected. We mention these for the purpose of inviting\nour friends to contribute to the several editors such information as\nthey may think likely to increase the value of the respective works.\n\nThe second edition of our able correspondent, Mr. Peter Cunningham's\n_Handbook of London_, is on the eve of publication.\n\nThere are few of our readers but will be glad to learn from\nthe announcement in a previous column, that the edition of the\n_Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures_, upon which Sir Frederick\nMadden and his fellow labourers have been engaged for a period of\ntwenty years, is just completed. It forms, we believe, three quarto\nvolumes.\n\nMessrs. Puttick and Simpson lately disposed of a most select and\ninteresting collection of autograph letters. We unfortunately did not\nreceive the catalogue in time to notice it, which we the more regret,\nbecause, like all their catalogues of autographs, it was drawn up with\namateur-like intelligence and care; so as to make it worth preserving\nas a valuable record of materials for our history and biography.\n\nWe have received the following Catalogues of Books:--No. XXV. of\nThomas Cole's (15. Great Turnstile): No. 2. for 1850, of William\nHeath's (291/2 Lincoln's Inn Fields); and No. 15. of Bernard Quarritch's\n(16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue of Oriental and\nForeign Books.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE\n\n(_IN CONTINUATION OF LISTS IN FORMER NOS._)\n\nMills, Rev. Isaac, of Highcleer--Account of the Life and Conversation\nof, with a Sermon, 8vo., 1721.\n\nMykur Hazem, by Marcus, London, 1846.\n\nPoems by a Bornnatural, 1849.\n\n_ODD VOLUMES_.\n\nProceedings of the Philological Society. Vol. I.\n\nRichardson's Correspondence, Vol. I. of the Six-Volume Ed.\n\nTodd's Johnson's Dictionary, 4to., 1819. (Part X. containing Title,\nPreface, &c.)\n\nPartington's British Cyclopaedia--That portion of Natural History which\nfollows Vol. I.\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_,\nto be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet\nStreet.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.\n\nBurning for Treason.--Can the Correspondent who furnished us with\na curious Note upon this subject favour us with a copy of it, the\noriginal having been accidentally mislaid?\n\nWe are again compelled, from want of space, to omit many curious\nand interesting articles; and, after this statement, must beg our\nkind friends at Leeds, Brompton, &c., who complain of delay in the\ninsertion of their communications, to do us the favour to refer to the\nnotice on this very subject which appeared in our early numbers.\n\nNotes and Queries may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday:\nso that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in\nreceiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably\nnot yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive\nCopies in their Saturday parcels. Part V. is now ready.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{376}\n\nTHE QUARTERLY REVIEW,\n\nNo. CLXXII. is Published This Day.\n\n    CONTENTS:\n  I. GIACOMO LEOPARDI AND HIS WRITINGS.\n  II. RANKE'S HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG.\n  III. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, LONDON.\n  IV. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE.\n  V. URQUHART'S PILLARS OF HERCULES.\n  VI. FACTS IN FIGURES.\n  VII. THE DUTIFUL SON.\n  VIII. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON.\n  IX. BAXTER'S IMPRESSIONS OF EUROPE.\n  X. LORD LIEUTENANT CLARENDON.\n  XI. LOUIS PHILIPPE.\n\nJohn Murray, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNEARLY READY.\n\n[Illustration: CHOICE EXAMPLES OF ART WORKMANSHIP Selected from the\nExhibition of ANCIENT AND MEDIAEVAL ART at the Society of Arts]\n\nA Prospectus, containing a Specimen of the Illustrations, will be sent\non receipt of two postage stamps.\n\nJoseph Cundall, 21. Old Bond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMILLER'S CATALOGUE OF ANCIENT AND MODERN BOOKS.--NUMBER FOUR is ready\nthis day, and can be had Gratis, and sent, if required, Postage Free.\nAddress, John Miller, 43, Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. This List\nembraces numerous valuable and interesting Books on English Poetry,\nthe Drama, History, Biography, Voyages and Travels, &c., with the\nworks of a few of the best Continental writers, a selection of\nPictorial Books of Scenery, Costume, Topography, and Drawing-room\nTable Books.\n\nAlso, on forwarding Four Postage Stamps, JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF\nBOOKS FOR THE PAST QUARTER may be had stitched in a wrapper, with\na Table of Contents, showing at one glance the range of subjects\nembraced, amongst which may be enumerated the following, viz.,\nAmerica, Angling, Banking and Currency, Coins, Dictionaries,\nDrawing-books, Games, Sports, &c., Heraldry, Genealogy and Family\nHistory, Ireland, its History and Literature, Kent, its History and\nTopography, Law, Music, its History and Theory, Painting and the Fine\nArts, Shakspeariana, and a variety of other branches of Literature\ncomprised in upwards of 1500 articles.\n\nJohn Miller, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE ANGLO-SAXON, for April, Price 2s. 6d. or 3s. post-free, contains\nEngland and her Colonies: County Colonisation, with Maps--English\nChurch Music--Christian Architecture--London: a Poem, Essay II.--The\nAlfred Medals: Three Sonnets, by Martin F. Tupper--Anglo-Saxon\nLiterature: the Jubilee Edition of King Alfred's Works, with Specimens\nand Translations--Wives and Mothers--Anglo-Saxon Colonies: Victoria,\nCooksland, Port Essington, (Papua--Timor)--Original Ballads.\n\nThe ANGLO-SAXON for 1849 forms a handsome volume, price One Guinea.\n\nLondon: T. Bosworth, 215. Regent Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPublished every Saturday, price 3d., or stamped, 4d., also in Monthly\nParts. Part V. (for March), price 1s. 3d., now ready.\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES: a Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men,\nArtists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, &c.\n\nThe attention of Publishers and Booksellers is particularly\nrequested to this Periodical as a medium for advertising. It contains\ncommunications from the most eminent Literary Men, and is circulated\nlargely amongst the best class of book-buyers.\n\nIn addition to the valuable matter which will be found in its columns,\nit contains notices of Book Sales, Booksellers' Catalogues, and Lists\nof Books wanted to purchase,--features which it is believed will\nbe found valuable to Dealers in Old Books, as well as useful to\nPurchasers.\n\n  SCALE OF PRICES.\n                               L   s.  d.\n  Six lines and under . . . .  0   5   0\n  Above six lines, per line .  0   0   6\n  Half a column . . . . . . .  0  16   0\n  Column . . . . . . . . . .   1  10   0\n  Page . . . . . . . . . . .   2  10   0\n\n***Advertisements must be sent by the Wednesday previous to the\nSaturday on which they are intended to appear; Notes and Queries\nbeing issued to the Trade on Friday afternoon.\n\nOPINIONS OF THE PRESS.\n\n    \"As good a first number as we remember to have seen. The\n    Editor exhibits a phalanx of eminent assistants. * * There can\n    be no doubt of the value of a Literary Medium of this peculiar\n    kind.\"--_Athenaeum_.\n\n    \"We like the plan much. * * We wish success to a\n    publication which promises to be agreeable, intelligent, and\n    useful.\"--_Literary Gazette_.\n\n    \"We feel great pleasure in welcoming into the literary\n    world this publication, which promises to fill up a void\n    that has constantly been lamented by every person engaged\n    in any particular branch of study that required experience\n    and research. * * It is a publication in which all literary\n    persons must feel a deep interest, and that has our heartiest\n    wishes for its success.\"--_Morning Herald_.\n\n    \"This is a new periodical, with a new idea, and one that\n    deserves and will be sure to receive encouragement amongst\n    scholars and readers really deserving that appellation. * *\n    It is a capital idea; and every one who makes Notes or has\n    Queries should buy it and contribute to it.\"--_Weekly News_.\n\n    \"That valuable publication The Notes and Queries, so\n    auspiciously commenced.\"--_New Bell's Messenger_.\n\n    \"With whomsoever the idea of publishing this useful and\n    interesting periodical first originated, that person is\n    entitled to the thanks of every author, antiquary, and\n    scholar, in the United Kingdom. * * We recommend, in all\n    sincerity, The Notes and Queries to the attention of lovers\n    of literature in general.\"--_Morning Post_.\n\nLondon: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust Published, Parts 13 and 14, imperial quarto. Price 3_s._\neach, tinted 4s.\n\nRELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, from Drawings by John\nJohnson, Architect, F.S.A., Lithographed by Alfred Newman.\n\nContents, Part 13:--Hawton Church; Notts.--St. Mary's,\nStamford--Aldwinkle, All Saints, Northamptonshire-Wellingborough\nChurch, Northamptonshire.\n\nPart 14--Skelton Church, from the South-East and South-West--Rye\nHouse, Herts.--Holbeach Church, Lincolnshire.\n\nThis Work is intended to embrace a series of examples of\nEcclesiastical, Collegiate, and Domestic Architecture. It will be\ncompleted in Twenty Monthly Parts, price 3s. each, tinted 4s.\n\nLondon: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPreparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small octavo.\n\nTHE FOLK-LORE OF ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary\nof the Camden Society, Editor of \"Early Prose Romances,\" \"Lays and\nLegends of all Nations,\" &c. One object of the present work is to\nfurnish new contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore;\nand especially some of the more striking illustrations of the subject\nto be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental\nAntiquaries.\n\nCommunications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and\nPopular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and\nwill be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed\nto the care of Mr. Bell, Office of \"Notes and Queries,\" 186. Fleet\nStreet.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPrinted by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5.\nNew Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London;\nand published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish\nof St. Dunstan in The West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No.\n186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 6, 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 23, April 6, 1850","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":14307}