{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_12589/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_12589","id":"gutenberg_12589","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12589","summary":null,"tags":["Category: History - Early Modern (c. 1450-1750)","Category: History - Modern (1750+)","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"NOTES AND QUERIES\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS,\nANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n+\"When found, make a note of.\"+--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNo. 31.] Saturday, June 1. 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{1}\n\nCONTENTS.\n\nNOTES:--\n  Parish Registers--Statistics 1\n  The Hudibrastic Verse, by S.W. Singer 3\n  Custom of presenting Gloves, by Jas. Crosby 4\n  Folk Lore: Exhumation of Body ominous to Family\n      of the Deceased--Suffolk Folk Lore--Cure for Fits--Bible and Key 4\n  Notes on Jeremy Taylor's Life of Christ, &c., by J.E.B. Mayor 5\n  Unpublished Epigrams in the British Museum 6\n  On Authors and Books, No. 7., by Bolton Corney 6\n\nQUERIES:--\n  Punishment of Death by Burning 6\n  Cornelis Drebble 6\n  Verses attributed to Charles Yorke 7\n  Cultivation of Geometry in Lancashire 8\n  Asinorum Sepultura by W.B. MacCabe 8\n  Minor Queries:--Ransom of an English Nobleman--When\n      does Easter end?--Carucate of Land--Members\n      for Calais--Members for Durham--Leicester\n      and the reputed Poisoners of his Time--Lord John\n      Townshend's Poetical Works--Martello\n      Towers--Mynyddyslwyn--Three Dukes--Bishops and their\n      Precedence--Guineas--Parish Registers Tax--Charade 9\n\nREPLIES:--\n  Howkey or Horkey, by S.W. Singer 10\n  Charles Martel 11\n  \"Feast\" and \"Fast\" 11\n  Replies to Minor Queries:--The Badger's Legs--Twm\n      Sion Catti--Christian Captives--Cannibals--Symbols\n      of the four Evangelists--Turkish Spy--Dr. Maginn's\n      Miscellanies--Trianon--Pimlico--The Arms of Godin--Title\n      of D.D.--Emancipation of the Jews--Sneck-up\n      or Snick-up 12\n\nMISCELLANEOUS:--\n  Notes on Books, Catalogues, Sales, &c. 14\n  Books and Odd Volumes wanted 15\n  Notice to Correspondents 15\n  Advertisements 15\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nOUR SECOND VOLUME.\n\nWe cannot resist the opportunity which the commencement of our Second\nVolume affords us, of addressing a few words of acknowledgment to our\nfriends, both contributors and readers. In the short space of seven months,\nwe have been enabled by their support to win for \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" no\nunimportant position among the literary journals of this country. We came\nforward for the purpose of affording the literary brotherhood of this great\nnation an organ through which they might announce their difficulties and\nrequirements, through which such difficulties might find solution, and such\nrequirements be supplied. The little band of kind friends who first rallied\nround us has been reinforced by a host of earnest men, who, at once\nrecognising the utility of our purpose, and seeing in our growing\nprosperity how much love of letters existed among us, have joined us heart\nand hand in the great object we proposed to ourselves in our Prospectus;\nnamely, that of making \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" by mutual intercommunication, \"a\nmost useful supplement to works already in existence--a treasury for\nenriching future editions of them--and an important contribution towards a\nmore perfect history than we yet possess of our language, our literature,\nand those to whom we owe them.\"\n\nThanks, again and again, to the friends and correspondents, who, by their\nlabours, are enabling us to accomplish this great end. To them be the\nhonour of the work. We are content to say with the Arabian poet:\n\n  \"With conscious pride we view the band\n  Of faithful friends that round us stand;\n  With pride exult, that we alone\n  Can join these scattered gems in one;\n  Rejoiced to be the silken line\n  On which these pearls united shine.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNOTES.\n\nPARISH REGISTERS.--STATISTICS.\n\nAmong the good services rendered to the public by yourself and your\ncorrespondents, few, I think will be found more important than that of\nhaving drawn their attention to Mr. Wyatt Edgell's valuable suggestions on\nthe transcription of Parochial Registers. The supposed impracticability of\nhis plan has perhaps hitherto deterred those most competent to the work\nfrom giving it the consideration which it deserves. I believe the\nscheme to be perfectly practicable; and, as a first move in the work, I\nsend you the result of my own dealings with the registers of my parish.\n\nIt is many years since I felt the desideratum which Mr. Edgell has brought\nbefore the public;{2} and, by way of testing the practicability of\ntranscribing, and printing the parochial registers of the entire kingdom in\na form convenient for reference, I made an alphabetical transcript of my\nown, which is now complete. The _modus operandi_ which I adopted was\nthis:--1. I first transcribed, on separate slips of paper, each baptismal\nentry, with its date, and a reference to the page of the register, tying up\nthe slips in the order in which the names were entered in the register;\nnoting, as I proceeded, on _another_ paper, the number of males and females\nin each year.\n\n2. The slips being thus arranged, they came in their places handy for\ncollation with the original. I then collated each, year by year; during\nthe process depositing the slips one by one in piles alphabetically,\naccording to the initial letter of the surnames.\n\n3. This done, I sorted each pile in an order as strictly alphabetical as\nthat used in dictionaries or ordinary indices.\n\n4. I then transcribed them into a book, in their order, collating each page\nas the work proceeded.\n\n5. I then took the marriages in hand, adopting the same plan; entering each\nof these twice, viz. both under the husband's and the wife's name.\n\n6. Next, the burials, on the same plan.\n\n7. I then drew up statistical tables of the number of baptisms, marriages,\nand burials in each year, males and females separately where the register\nappeared badly kept, making notes of the fact, and adding such observations\nas occasionally seemed necessary.\n\n8. I then drew up lists of vicars, transcripts of miscellaneous records of\nevents, and other casual entries that appeared in the register.[1]\n\nI noted, as I went on, the time occupied in each of these operations. It\nwas as follows:--\n\n\n1. The first transcripts on slips, with addition of statistical tables--\n\nBaptisms                       2004\nMarriages, 420, each twice      840\nBurials                        1244\n                               ____\n          Total                4088  ...  551/2 hours.\n2. Collecting and filing alphabetically   23  ----\n3. Sorting in strict alphabetical order   131/4 ----\n4. Transcribing into book                 911/2 ----\n5. Copying statistical tables into book    5  ----\nTranscripts of miscellaneous entries,\n   lists of vicars, &c. &c.                7  ----\n                                          ______\n                    Total                1951/4 hours.\n\nMy registers begin in the year 1558, and the present population of the\nparish is about 420, so that you have here an account of the labour\nnecessary to complete an alphabetical transcript of the register of a rural\nparish of that extent in population.\n\nI send you the result as a first step to a work of great national\nimportance, and of inestimable value with relation to family descent, title\nto property long in abeyance, &c. &c. As to statistics, I doubt whether any\ndata worthy of consideration can be obtained from these sources, owing to\nthe constant irregularities which occur in keeping the registers.\n\nNo man, much less the minister of a parish, who has abundant calls upon his\ntime, can be expected to sit down to the task of transcribing his registers\nthrough many _consecutive_ hours; but there are few who could not give\noccasionally one or two hours to the work. In this way I effected my\ntranscripts; the work of 195 hours being distributed through nearly five\nmonths--no great labour after all.\n\nOn an average, twelve words, with the figures, may be calculated for each\nentry, which will give for this parish about 500 folios. Each entry having\nbeen transcribed twice, we may call it, at a rough calculation, 1000 folios\nwritten out ready for printing.\n\nIf the authorities at the Registrar-General's office would give their\nattention to it, they must have _there_ abundant data on which to form\ncalculations as to the probable cost of the undertaking And I cannot help\nthinking that, setting aside printing as an after consideration,\nalphabetical transcripts, at least, might be obtained of all the parochial\nregisters in the kingdom, and deposited in that office, at no\ninsurmountable expense; and if the cost appear too heavy, the\naccomplishment of the work might be distributed through a given number of\nyears; say ten, or even twenty.\n\nParliament might, perhaps, be induced to vote an annual grant for so\nimportant a work till it was accomplished; albeit, when we think of their\nniggardly denial of any thing to the printing, or{3} even the conservation\nof the public records, sanguine hopes from that quarter can hardly be\nindulged.\n\nTo insure correctness, without which the scheme would be utterly valueless,\nI would propose that a certain number of competent transcribers be\nappointed for each county, either at a given salary, or at a remuneration\nof so much per entry, to copy the registers of those parishes the ministers\nof which are unwilling to do it, or feel themselves unequal to the task.\nThe option, however, should always, in the first instance, be given to the\nminister, as the natural custos of the registers, and as one, from local\nknowledge, likely to do the work correctly. To each county there should\nalso be appointed one or more competent persons as collators, to correct\nthe errors of the transcribers.\n\nI throw out these rough hints in the hope that some of your correspondents\nwill furnish their ideas on the subject, till we at last arrive at a fully\npracticable plan of carrying out Mr. Wyatt Edgell's suggestions, and, at\nall events, obtain transcripts, if not printed copies, of every register in\nthe kingdom.\n\nL.B.L.\n\n    [1] To obviate the difficulties arising from capricious spelling,\n    I assumed that which I thought to be the correct one, and entered\n    all of the name under that one, placing, however, in parenthesis,\n    the actual mode of spelling adopted in the instance in question,\n    and also entering the name, as actually spelt, in its proper place,\n    with reference to the place where the searcher would find it; e.g.\n    In my register, the name of \"Caiser\" appears under more than twenty\n    varieties of form. I enter them all under \"Cayser\". In the _margin_,\n    opposite the first of these entries, I write consecutively the\n    different modes of spelling the name--\"Caisar\", \"Caiser\", \"Casiar\",\n    \"Kayser\", &c. &c. &c. In the table itself, I write,\n\n    Cayser, John.\n    [Casiar] John.\n    [Kaysar] John, &c. &c. &c.\n\n    Then, \"Casiar\", \"Kaysar\", &c., appear in their respective places\n    _sic_, \"Casiar\", _v_. \"Cayser\", \"Kaysar\", _v_. \"Cayser\", &c., nearly\n    on the plan adopted by Mr. Duffus Hardy in his admirable indices to\n    the _Close Rolls_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE HUDIBRASTIC VERSE.\n\n_\"He that fights and runs away,\" &c._--Your correspondent MELANION may be\nassured that the orations of Demosthenes do not afford any trace of the\nproverbial senarius, [Greek: anaer d pheugon kai palin machaesetai]; and it\ndoes not appear quite clear how the apophthegm containing it (which has\nbeen so generally attributed to Plutarch) has been concocted. Heeren, in\ndoing full justice to the biographical talent of the Ch\u00e6ronean, has yet\nobserved, \"We may easily see that in his Lives he only occasionally\nindicates his authorities, because his own head was so often the source.\"\nIt is in the life of Demosthenes that the story of his flight is told, but\nbriefly; and for that part which relates to the inscription on the shield\nof Demosthenes, he says, [Greek: hos elege Putheas]. The other life among\nthose of the Ten Orators, the best critics think not to be Plutarch's; and\nthe relation in it is too ridiculous for credit; yet it is repeated by\nPhotius.\n\nThe first writer in which the story takes something of the form in which\nErasmus gives it is Aulus Gellius (_Noct. Att._ l. xvii. c. 21.):--\n\n    \"Post inde aliquanto tempore Philippus apud Chaeroneam\n    proelio magno Athenienses vicit. Tum Demosthenes orator ex eo\n    proelio salutem fuga quaesivit: quumque id ei, quod fugerat,\n    probrose objiceretur; _versu illo notissimo_ elusit, [Greek:\n    anaer d pheugon], inquit, [Greek: kai palin machaesetai].\"\n\nWe here see that the senarius is designated as _a well-known verse_,\nso that it must have been in the mouths of the people long before it was\napplied to this piece of gossip. I have hitherto not been able to trace it\nto an earlier writer.\n\nThe Apophthegmata of Erasmus were first published, I believe, in 1531, in\nsix books. I have an edition printed by Frobenius, at Basle, in 1538, in\nwhich two more books are added; and, in an epistle prefixed to the seventh\nbook, Erasmus says,--\n\n    \"Prodiit opus, tanta aviditate distractum est, ut protinus \u00e0\n    typographo coeperit efflagitare denuo.\"\n\nHe names twenty-one ancient Greek and Latin authors from which the\napophthegms had been collected; and, with regard to what he has taken from\nPlutarch, he mentions the licence he has used:--\n\n    \"Nos Plutarchum multis de causis sequi maluimus quam\n    interpretari, explanare quam vertere.\"\n\nIt is from this book of Erasmus that the worthy Nicolas Udall selected his\n_Two Bookes of Apophthegmes_; and he tells his readers,--\n\n    \"I have been so bold with mine author as to make the first\n    booke and second booke, which he maketh third and fowerth.\"\n\nUdall has occasionally added further explanations of his own to those\ntranslated from Erasmus. He promises, in good time, the remaining, books,\nbut says,--\n\n    \"I have thought better, with two of the eight, to minister\n    unto you a taste of this bothe delectable and fruitefull\n    recreation.\"\n\nThose who are desirous of knowing at large the course pursued by Erasmus in\nthe compilation of this amusing and once popular work, will find it fully\nstated in his preface; one passage of which will show the large licence he\nallowed himself:--\n\n    \"Sed totum opus quodammodo meum feci, dum et explanatius\n    effero qua Graece referuntur, interjectis interdum qu\u00e6 apud\n    alios autores additur comperissem,\" &c.\n\nThe only sure ground, as far as I can discover, for this gradually\nconstructed legend, is the mention of the flight of Demosthenes by\n\u00c6schines and Dinarchus. In the more amplified editions of Erasmus's\n_Adages_, after the publication of the Apophthegmata, he repeats the story\nin illustration of a Latin proverb (probably only a version of the Greek),\n\"Vir fugiens et denuo pugnabitur;\" and I find in some collections of the\nsixteenth century both the Latin and Greek given upon the authority of\nPlutarch! Langius, in his _Polyanthea_ (a copious common-place book which\nwould outweigh twenty of our late Laureate's) has given the apophthegm\nverbatim from Erasmus, and has boldly appended Plutarch's name. But the\nmore extraordinary course is that which one Gualandi took, who published,\nat Venice, in 1568,{4} in 4to., an _omnium gatherum_, in five books, from\nvarious sources, in which there is much taken from Erasmus, and yet the\ntitle is _Apoftemmi di Plutarco_. In this book, the whole of the\ntwenty-three apophthegms of Erasmus which relate to Demosthenes are given,\nand two more added at the end. It appears that Philelphus, and after him\nRaphael Regius, had printed, in the fifteenth century, Latin collections\nunder the title of _Plutarch's Apophthegms_, and, according to\nErasmus, had both taken liberties with their original. I have not seen\neither of these Latin versions, of which there were several editions. As\nfar as regards Demosthenes, I think we may fairly conclude that the story\nis apocryphal. The Greek proverbial verse was no doubt a popular saying,\nwhich Aulus Gellius thought might give a lively turn to his story, of which\nan Italian would say, \"Se non vero \u00e8 ben trovato.\"\n\nS.W. SINGER.\n\nFeb. 9. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCUSTOM OF PRESENTING GLOVES.\n\nThe following extracts from a MS. \"Day-book\" of the celebrated Anne\nCountess of Pembroke, recording the daily events of the last few months of\nher life passed at Brougham Castle in 1675, afford a further illustration\nof the custom of presenting gloves (Vol. i. pp. 72. 405.) as a matter of\ncourtesy and kindness; and show, also, that it was not unusual to make\npresents of small sums of money in exhibition of the same feelings on the\npart of the donor:--\n\n    \"January, as the year begins on New Year's Day.\n\n    \"10th day, And to-day there dined here with my folks my cousin\n    Thomas Sandford's wife, of Askham, and her second son; so after\n    dinner I had them into my chamber and kissed her, and took him by\n    the hand, and I gave her a pair of buckskin gloves, and him 5_s_.,\n    and then they went away.\n\n    \"12th day. There dined here in the Painted Chamber with my folks\n    Mrs. Jane Carleton, the widow, sister to Sir W'm. Carleton,\n    deceased. So after dinner I had her into my chamber, and kissed\n    her and talked with her awhile, and I gave her 5_s_., and she went\n    away.\n\n    \"17th day, To-day there dined with my folks my cousin, Mr. Thomas\n    Burbeck, of Hornby, and his wife and their little daughter, and\n    his father-in-law, Mr. Cotterick, and his wife and his mother;\n    and there also dined here Mr. Robert Carleton, only son to the\n    widow, Lady Carleton. So after dinner I had them all into my\n    chamber, and kissed the women, and took the men by the hand, and\n    I gave to my cousin, Mr. Burbeck, and his wife each 10_s_., and\n    his mother 10_s_., and his father-in-law, Mr. Cotterick, and his\n    wife, each of them 10_s_., and 6_s_. to the child, and I gave Mr.\n    Carleton a pair of buckskin gloves, and then they all went away.\"\n\nIn another entry the Countess records the gift to a Mrs. Winch of Settra\nPark of \"four pair of buckskin gloves that came from Kendall.\"\n\nIt does not appear that any present was made to the Countess in return. As\nin the case of Archbishop Laud and Master Prynne (Vol. i. p. 405.), these\ngifts were evidently expressions of condescension and good will by one in a\nhigh position to another in a somewhat lower station. It is, I take it,\nevident that the money-gifts, from the rank in life of the parties, and\ntheir connection with the Countess, could have been made with no other\nmeaning or intention.\n\nJAS. CROSBY.\n\nStreatham, April 22. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Exhumation of a Body ominous to Family of the Deceased._--In the counties\nof Leicester and Northampton, and I doubt not in other parts of England,\nthere is a superstitious idea that the removal or exhumation of a body\nafter interment bodes death or some terrible calamity to the surviving\nmembers of the deceased's family. Turner, in his _History of Remarkable\nProvidences_, Lond. 1677, p. 77., thus alludes to this superstition:--\n\n    \"Thomas Fludd of Kent, Esq., told me that it is an old\n    observation which was pressed earnestly to King James I., that he\n    should not remove the Queen of Scots' body from Northamptonshire,\n    where she was beheaded and interred. For that it always bodes ill\n    to the family when bodies are removed from their graves. For\n    some of the family will die shortly after, as did Prince Henry,\n    and, I think, Queen Anne.\"\n\nIn the above-named counties, _nine roasted mice_, three taken each third\nmorning, constitutes the common charm for the hooping-cough.\n\nT.S.\n\n\n_Suffolk Folk Lore._--I send you a few articles on \"Folk Lore\", now, or not\nlong ago, current in the county of Suffolk, in addition to what is to be\nfound in the latter part of the second volume of Forby's _Vocabulary of\nEast Anglia_.\n\n1. To ascertain whether her pretended lovers really love her or not, the\nmaiden takes an apple-pip, and naming one of her followers, puts the pip in\nthe fire. If it makes a noise in bursting from the heat, it is a proof of\nlove; but if it is consumed without a crack, she is fully satisfied that\nthere is no real regard towards her in the person named.\n\n2. \"I remember the wooing of a peascod instead of her.\" (_Shakesp._)--The\nefficacy of peascods in the concerns of sweethearts is not yet forgotten\namong our rustic vulgar. The kitchen-maid, when she shells green peas,\nnever omits, when she finds one having _nine_ peas, to lay it on the lintel\nof the kitchen door; and the first clown who enters it is infallibly to be\nher husband, or at least her sweetheart.\n\n3. If you have your clothes mended upon your back, you will be ill spoken\nof.{5}\n\n4. If you sweep the house with blossomed broom in May,\n   Y're sure to sweep the head of the house away.\n\nSimilar to which is the following:--\n\n5. To sleep in a room with the whitethorn bloom in it during the month of\nMay, will surely be followed by some great misfortune.\n\n6. _Cure for Fits._--If a young woman has fits, she applies to ten or a\ndozen unmarried men (if the sufferer be a man, he applies to as many\nmaidens) and obtains from each of them a small piece of silver of any kind,\nas a piece of a broken spoon, or ring, or brooch, buckle, and even\nsometimes a small coin, and a penny; the twelve pieces of silver are taken\nto a silversmith or other worker in metal, who forms therefrom a ring,\nwhich is to be worn by the person afflicted. If any of the silver remains\nafter the ring is made, the workman has it as his perquisite; and the\ntwelve pennies also are intended as the wages for his work, and he must\ncharge no more.\n\nIn 1830 I went into a gunsmith's shop in the village where I then resided,\nand seeing some fragments of silver in a saucer, I had the curiosity to\ninquire about them, when I was informed that they were the remains of the\ncontributions for a ring for the above purpose which he had lately been\nemployed to make.\n\nD.\n\n\n_Bible and Key._--Mr. Stevens's note on divination (Vol. i. p. 413.)\nreminds me of another use to which the bible and key are made subservient\nby the rustics in this locality. When some choice specimen of the\n\"Lancashire Witches\" thinks it necessary to decide upon selecting a suitor\nfrom among the number of her admirers, she not unfrequently calls in the\naid of these auxiliaries to assist in determining her choice. Having opened\nthe Bible at the passage in Ruth which states, \"whither thou goest I will\ngo,\" &c., and having carefully placed the wards of the key upon the verses,\nshe ties the book firmly with a piece of cord; and, having mentioned the\nname of an admirer, she very solemnly repeats the passage in question, at\nthe same time holding the Bible suspended _by joining the ends of her\nlittle fingers_ inserted under the handle of the key. If the key retain its\nposition during the repetition, the person whose name has been mentioned is\nconsidered to be rejected and so another name is tried until the book turns\nround and falls through the fingers, which is said to be a sure token that\nthe name just mentioned is that of an individual who will certainly marry\nher.\n\nT.W.\n\nBurnley, April 27.\n\nP.S. In confirmation of the above, I may state that I have a Bible in my\npossession which bears evidence of having seen much service of this\ndescription.\n\n\n\n\nNOTES ON JEREMY TAYLOR'S LIFE OF CHRIST.\n\n(_Eden's Edit._)\n\nPart I. _Ad_ sect. 8. \u00a7 2. p. 166.--\"It was Tertullian's great argument in\nbehalf of Christians, 'see how they love one another.'\"--_Apol._ c. 39.\n\nPart I. Discourse iv. \u00a7 4. p. 173.--\"A cook told Dionysius the tyrant, the\nblack broth of Laced\u00e6mon would not do well at Syracuse, unless it be\ntasted by a Spartan's palate.\"--Cicero, _Tusc. D._ v. \u00a7 98. Stob. _Flor.\nTit._ 29. n. 100. Plut. _Inst. Lac._ 2. [these have been already referred\nto in \"NOTES AND QUERIES\"]: and compare Plutarch (_Vit. Lycurgi_, c. 12.).\n\nPart II. _Ad_ sect. 12. \u00a7 4. p. 394.--\"If a man throw away his gold, as did\nCrates the Theban.\"--Diog. Laert. vi. \u00a7 87.\n\nIbid. \u00a7 7. p. 395. note _b_.--\"Gaudet patientia duris.\"--Lucan. ix. 403.\n\nIbid. \u00a7 16. p. 404. note _y_.--\"Plato vocat puritatem [Greek: apokrisin\ncheironon apo beltionon.]\" _Definit._  p. 415. D.\n\nIbid. \u00a7 41. (on the tenth commandment) p. 446. note _z_.--\"Non minus esse\nturpe oculos quam pedes in aliena immittere, dixit Xenocrates.\"--\u00c6lian.\n_Var. Hist._ xiv. 42. Plutarch _de Curiositate_, c. 12.\n\nPart II. Sect. 12. Discourse xi. \u00a7 5. p 451.--\"Harpaste, Seneca's wife's\nfool.\"--Seneca, _Epist_. 50.\n\nPart II. Sect. 12. Discourse xiv. \u00a7 8. p. 496.--\"Vespasian, by the help of\nApollonius Tyaneus, who was his familiar.\"--See Philostratus (_Vit.\nApollon._ v. 28. \u00a7 1.).\n\nPart III. Sect. 13. Discourse xv. \u00a7 11. p. 526.--\"What the Roman gave as an\nestimate of a rich man, saying, 'He that can maintain an army, is\nrich.'\"-Cicero _Off_. I. \u00a7 25. Plutarch _Vit. Crassi_, c. 2.\n\nPart III. Sect. 13. Discourse xvi. \u00a7 8. p. 554. note _e_.--\"Hic felix,\nnullo turbante Deorum; Is, nullo parcente, miser.\"--Lucan, viii. 707.\n\n\n\n\nNOTES ON JEREMY TAYLOR'S SERMONS.\n\n(_Eden's Edit_.)\n\nSerm. XVIII. Part I. sect. 2. \u00a7 2.--\"Alexander, that wept because he had no\nmore worlds to conquer.\"--Plutarch _de Tranquillitate Animi_, c. 4.\n\nSerm. XXIII. Part I. p. 613.--\"[Greek: ophrus hepaerkotes, kai to phronimon\nzaetountes en tois peripatois.]\"--Plato _Comicus apud Athen\u00e6um_, p. 103.\n_d_. Lib. iii. c. 23. \u00a7 61. Cfr. Bato _Comicus apud eundem_, p. 163. _b_.\nLib. iv. c. 17. \u00a7 55.\n\nSerm. XXIV. \u00a7 5. p. 625.--\"Lysander was [Greek: panourgos].\"--Plutarch,\n_Lysand_. c. 7.\n\n\n\n\nNOTE ON TAYLOR'S HOLY DYING.\n\n(_Eden's Edit_.)\n\nCap. III. Sect. 7. \u00a7 7. p. 340.--\"When men saw the graves of Calatinus, of\nthe Servilii, the Scipios, the Metelli, did ever any man amongst the\nwisest{6} Romans think them unhappy?\" Translated from Cicero (_Tusc. Disc_.\n1. c. 7. \u00a7 13.)\n\nCap. III. Sect. 8. \u00a7 6. p. 345.--\"Brutus, ... when Furius came to cut his\nthroat, after his defeat by Anthony, he ran from it like a girl.\"--Valer.\nMax. ix. 13. \u00a7 3 Senec. _Epist_. 82.\n\nJ.E.B. MAYOR.\n\nMarlborough College, May 13.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nUNPUBLISHED EPIGRAMS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.\n\nI am not aware that the following epigrams have ever been printed. I\ntransferred them to my note-book some time ago from the letters of Mr.\nMartyn, a _litt\u00e9rateur_ of temporary fame in the first half of the\neighteenth century, addressed to Dr. Birch; which are among the Birch MSS.\nin the British Museum. Mr. Martyn, if I remember right, gives them as not\nhis own. You may think them worth printing in your agreeable Miscellany:--\n\n  EPITAPH ON ARCHBISHOP POTTER.\n\n  \"Alack and well-a-day\n  Potter himself is turned to clay.\"\n\nTwo epigrams on the coffins of Dr. Sacheverel and Sally Salisbury being\nfound together in the vault of St. Andrew's:--\n\n  \"Lo! to one grave consigned, of rival fame,\n  A reverend Doctor and a wanton dame.\n  Well for the world both did to rest retire,\n  For each, while living, set mankind on fire.\"\n\n  \"A fit companion for a high-church priest;\n  He non-resistance taught, and she profest.\"\n\nCH.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. 7.\n\nThe author of the volume of which I am about to give a character, from the\nMs. of sir William Musgrave, seems to be the person who is described by\nGough as \"Arthur Dobbs, Esq. of Castle Dobbs, promoter of the discovery of\nthe N.W. passage.\" The note may interest both historians and collectors of\nbooks.\n\n    AN ESSAY on the trade and improvement of\n      Ireland. By Arthur Dobbs, Esq. _Dublin_,\n      1729-31. 8vo.\n\n    \"This volume contains both the parts of the work and is a most\n    curious collection of facts and accounts respecting the\n    population revenue and trade of Ireland; and I believe it is\n    scarce, as I have not often met with it, nor do I remember to\n    have heard it quoted on either side during the warm disputes\n    about the commercial intercourse between England and Ireland in\n    the year 1785.\" [W. Musgrave.]\n\nI procured this volume from the collection of Mr. Heber, vii. 1682.--Sir\nWilliam Musgrave was a _Trustee_ of the British Museum, and bequeathed near\ntwo thousand volumes to that incomparable establishment. He was partial to\nbiography, and gave much assistance to Granger. His _Adversaria_ and\n_Obituary_, I often consult. The latter work is an excellent specimen of\nwell-applied assiduity. Ob. 1800.\n\nBOLTON CORNEY.\n\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n+Queries+\n\nPUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING.\n\nJudging from the astonishment with which I learned from an eye-witness the\ncircumstance, I think that some of your readers will be surprised to learn\nthat, within the memory of witnesses still alive, a woman was burnt to\ndeath under sentence of the judge of assize, for the murder of her husband.\n\nThis crime--petty treason--was formerly punished with fire and faggot; and\nthe repeal of the law is mentioned by Lord Campbell in a note to his life\nof one of our recent chancellors, but I have not his work to refer to.\n\nThe post to which this woman was bound stood, till recently, in a field\nadjoining Winchester.\n\nShe was condemned to be burnt at the stake; and a marine, her paramour and\nan accomplice in the murder, was condemned to be hanged.\n\nA gentleman lately deceased told me the circumstances minutely. I think\nthat he had been at the trial, but I know that he was at the execution, and\nsaw the wretched woman fixed to the stake, fire put to the faggots, and her\nbody burnt. But I know two persons still alive who were present at her\nexecution, and I endeavoured, in 1848, to ascertain from one of them the\ndate of this event, and \"_made a note_\" of his answer, which was to this\neffect:--\n\n    \"I can't recollect the year; but I remember the circumstance well.\n    It was about sixty-five years ago. I was there alone with the\n    crowd. I sat on my father's shoulder, and saw them bring her and\n    the marine to the field. They fixed her neck by a rope to the\n    stake, and then set fire to the faggots, and burnt her.\"\n\nShe was probably strangled by this rope.\n\nOne Query which I would ask is, Was this execution at Winchester, in 1783\n(or thereabouts), the last instance in England? and another is, Are you\naware of any other instance in the latter part of the last century?\n\nE.S.S.W.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCORNELIS DREBBEL.\n\nIn a very curious little book, entitled _Kron\u00ffcke van Alemaer_, and\npublished in that town anno 1645, I read the following particulars about\nCornelis Drebbel, a native of the same city.\n\nBeing justly renowned as a natural philosopher, and having made great\nprogress in mechanics,{7} our Drebbel was named tutor of the young Prince\nof Austria, by the emperor Ferdinandus II.; an office which he fulfilled so\nwell, that he was afterwards chosen councillor to his Majesty, and honoured\nwith a rich pension for past services. But, alas! in the year 1620, Prague,\nthe place he dwelt in, was taken by Frederick, then king of Bohemia,\nseveral members of the imperial council were imprisoned, and some of them\neven put to death.\n\nBereft of every thing he possessed, a prisoner as well as the others, poor\nDrebbel would perhaps have undergone the same lot if the High Mighty States\nof the United Provinces had not sent a message to the King of England,\nasking him to interfere in their countryman's favour. They succeeded in\ntheir benevolent request for his English Majesty obtained at last from his\nson-in-law, the Dutch philosopher's liberation, who (I don't exaggerate)\nwas _made a present of_ to the British king; maybe as a sort of _lion_,\nwhich the king of Morocco had never yet thought of bestowing upon the\nmonarch as a regal offering.\n\nDrebbel, however, did not forget how much he owed to the intercession of\nKing James, and, to show his gratitude, presented him with an object of\nvery peculiar make. I will try to give you an exact version of its not very\nclear description in the Dutch book.\n\n    \"A glass or crystal globe, wherein he blew or made a perpetual\n    motion by the power of the four elements. For every thing which\n    (by the force of the elements) passes, in a year, on the surface\n    of the earth (sic!) could be seen to pass in this cylindrical\n    wonder in the shorter lapse of twenty-four hours. Thus were\n    marked by it, all years, months, days, hours; the course of the\n    sun, moon, planets, and stars, &c. It made you understand what\n    cold is, what the cause of the _primum mobile_, what the first\n    principle of the sun, how it moves the firmament, all stars, the\n    moon, the sea, the surface of the earth, what occasions the ebb,\n    flood, thunder, lightning, rain, wind, and how all things wax and\n    multiply, &c.,--as every one can be informed of by Drebbel's own\n    works; we refer the curious to his book, entitled _Eeuwige\n    Beweginghe_ (Perpetual Motion).\"\n\nCan this instrument have been a kind of Orrery?\n\n    \"He built a ship, in which one could row and navigate _under\n    water_, from Westminster to Greenwich, the distance of two Dutch\n    miles; even five or six miles, as far as one pleased. In this\n    boat, a person could see under the surface of the water, and\n    without candlelight, as much as he needed to read in the Bible or\n    any other book. Not long ago, this remarkable ship was yet to be\n    seen lying on the Thames or London river.\n\n    \"Aided by some instruments of his own manufacture, Drebbel could\n    make it rain, lighten, and thunder at every time of the year, so\n    that you would have sworn it came in a natural way from heaven.\n\n    \"By means of other instruments, he could, in the midst of summer,\n    so much refrigerate the atmosphere of certain places, that you\n    would have thought yourself in the very midst of winter. This\n    experiment he did once on his Majesty's request, in the great\n    Hall of Westminster; and although a hot summer day had been\n    chosen by the King, it became so cold in the Hall, that James and\n    his followers took to their heels in hasty flight.\n\n    \"With a certain instrument, he could draw an incredible quantity\n    of water out of a well or river.\n\n    \"By his peculiar ingenuity, he could, at all times of the year,\n    even in the midst of winter, hatch chickens and ducklings without\n    using hens or ducks.\n\n    \"He made instruments, by means of which were seen pictures and\n    portraits; for instance, he could show you kings, princes,\n    nobles, although residing at that moment in foreign countries.\n    And there was no paint nor painter's work to be seen, so that you\n    saw a picture in appearance, but not in reality.\"\n\nPerhaps a magic lantern?\n\n    \"He could make a glass, that placed in the dark near him or\n    another, drew the light of a candle, standing at the other end of\n    a long room, with such force, that the glass near him reflected\n    so much light as to enable him to see to read perfectly.\"\n\nWas this done by parallel parabolical mirrors?\n\n    \"He could make a plane glass without grinding it on either side,\n    in which people saw themselves reflected seven times.\n\n    \"He invented all these and many other curiosities, too long to\n    relate, without the aid of the black art; but by natural\n    philosophy alone, if we may believe the _tongues_ whose _eyes_\n    saw it. By these experiments, he so gained the King's favour, his\n    Majesty granted him a pension of 2000 guilders. He died in\n    London, anno 1634, the sixtieth year of his age.\"\n\nThus writes the Alkmaar chronicler. If you, or any of your learned\ncorrespondents, can elucidate the history of the instruments made by my\ncountryman, he will much oblige all scientific antiquarians, and me, though\nnot a Dr. Heavybottom, especially. I need not make apologies for my bad\nEnglish, and hope none of your many readers will criticise it in a _Dutch_\nperiodical.\n\nJANUS DOUSA.\n\nAmsterdam, April, 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nVERSES ATTRIBUTED TO CHARLES YORKE.\n\nI have in my possession a MS. book, in his own handwriting, of the late\nRev. MARTIN STAFFORD SMITH of Bath, formerly chaplain to BISHOP WARBURTON,\ncontaining, amongst other matter, a series of letters, and extracts of\nletters, from the amiable and gifted, but unfortunate, CHARLES YORKE, to\nBishop Warburton. At the close of this series, is the following note and\nextract:--\n\n    \"Verses transcribed from the original, in Mr. C. Yorke's own\n    writing, among his letters to Bishop Warburton; probably\n    manuscript, and certainly his own composition: written from the\n    _Shades_.\"\n\n      \"Stript to the naked soul, escaped from clay,\n      From doubts unfetter'd, and dissolv'd in day,\n      Unwarm'd by vanity, unreach'd by strife,\n      And all my hopes and fears thrown off with life,--{8}\n      Why am I charm'd by Friendship's fond essays,\n      And, tho' unbodied, conscious of thy praise?\n      Has pride a portion in the parted soul?\n      Does passion still the formless mind controul?\n      Can gratitude out-pant the silent breath,\n      Or a friend's sorrow pierce the glooms of death?\n      No; 'tis a spirit's nobler taste of bliss,\n      That feels the worth it left, in proofs like this;\n      That not its own applause but thine approves,\n      Whose practice praises, and whose virtue loves;\n      Who lov'st to crown departed friends with fame,\n      Then dying late, shalt all thou gav'st reclaim.\"\n\nIt is my own impression, as well as that of an eminent critic to whom I\ncommunicated these lines, that they have been printed. If any contributor\nto \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" can tell where they are to be found, or can throw\nany light on their authorship, it will gratify\n\nTHE EDITOR OF BP. WARBURTON'S\nLITERARY REMAINS.\n\nBath, May 18. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCULTIVATION OF GEOMETRY IN LANCASHIRE.\n\nIt has been a frequent subject of remark, that geometry in its purest form\nhas been cultivated in the northern counties, but more especially in\nLancashire, with extraordinary ardour and success; and this by a class of\nmen placed in a position the most unpropitious that can be conceived for\nthe study--by operatives of the humblest class, and these chiefly\n_weavers_. The geometrical labours of these men would have gladdened the\nhearts of Euclid, Apollonius and Archimedes, and would have been chronicled\nby Pappus with his usual truthfulness and judicious commendation; had they\nonly but so laboured in Greece, antecedently to, or cotemporarily with,\nthose \"fathers of geometry,\" instead of in modern England, cotemporarily\nwith the Hargreaves, the Peels, and the Arkwrights. Yet not one in a\nthousand of your readers, perhaps, has ever heard of these men; and the\n_visible_ traces of their existence and labours are very few, scarce, and\nscattered. A vague general statement respecting the prevalence of\ngeometrical studies amongst the \"middle-classes\" of England was made by\nPlayfair in the _Edinburgh Review_ many years ago, which is quite\ncalculated to mislead the reader; and the subject was dwelt upon at some\nlength, and eloquently, by Harvey, at the British Association in 1831.\nAttention has been more recently directed to this subject by two living\ngeometers--one in the _Philosophical Magazine_, and the other in the\n_Mechanics'_; but they both have wholly untouched a question of primary\nimportance--even almost unmentioned:--it is, _how_, _when_, _where_, and by\n_whom_, was this most unlikely direction given to the minds of these men?\n\nAn answer to this question would form an important chapter in the history\nof human development, and throw much light upon the great educational\nquestions of the present day. It may furnish useful hints for legislation,\nand would be of singular aid to those who were appointed to work out\nlegislative objects in a true spirit. It cannot be doubted that a succinct\naccount of the origin of this taste, and of the influences by which it has\nbeen maintained even to the present hour, would be a subject of interest to\nmost of your readers, quite irrespective the greater or less importance and\ndifficulty of the studies themselves, as the result would show how\nknowledge cannot only be effectively diffused but _successfully extended_\nunder circumstances apparently the most hopeless.\n\nNor does Manchester stand as the only instance, for the _weavers_ of\nSpitalfields display precisely the same singular phenomenon. What is still\nmore singular is, that the same class in both localities have shown the\nsame ardent devotion to natural history, and especially to Botany; although\nit is to be remarked that, whilst the botanists of Spitalfields have been\nhorticulturists, those of Manchester have confined themselves more to\nEnglish field flowers, the far more worthy and intellectual of the two.\n\nWe could add a \"Note\" here and there on some points arising out of this\nquestion; but our want of definite and complete information, and of the\nmeans of gaining it (except through you), compels us to leave the subject\nto others, better qualified for its discussion. Pray, sir, open your pages\nto the question, and oblige, your ever obedient servants,\n\nPEN-AND-INK.\n\nHill Top, May 27, 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nASINORUM SEPULTURA.\n\nIn former times it was the practice, upon the demise of those who died\nunder sentence of excommunication, not merely to refuse interment to their\nbodies in consecrated ground, but to decline giving them any species of\ninterment at all. The corpse was placed upon the surface of the earth, and\nthere surrounded and covered over with stones. It was _blocked up_,\n\"imblocatus,\" and this mode of disposing of dead bodies was designated\n\"_Asinorum Sepultura._\" Ducange gives more than one instance, viz.,\n\"Sepultura asini sepeliantur\"--\"ejusque corpus exanime asinorum accipiat\nsepulturam.\"\n\nWherefore was this mode of disposing of the dead bodies called \"an ass's\nsepulture?\" It is not sufficient to say that the body of a human being was\nburied like that of a beast, for then the term would be general and not\nparticular; neither can I imagine that Christian writers used the phrase\nfor the purpose of repudiating the accusation preferred against them by\nPagans, of worshipping an ass. (See Baronius, ad. an. 201. \u00a721.) The dead\ncarcasses{9} of dogs and hounds were sometimes attached to the bodies of\ncriminals. (See Grinds, _Deutsche Rechte Alterthum_, pp. 685, 686.) I refer\nto this to show that there must have been some special reason for the term\n\"_asinorum sepultura_\". That reason I would wish to have explained; Ducange\ndoes not give it, he merely tells what was the practice; and the attention\nof Grimm, it is plain, from his explanation of the \"unehrliches begr\u00e4bnis\"\n(pp. 726, 727, 728.), was not directed towards it.\n\nW.B. MACCABE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n+Minor Queries.+\n\n_Ransom of an English Nobleman_.--At page 28. vol. ii. of the _Secret\nHistory of the Court of James I._, Edinburgh, 1811 (a reprint), occurs the\nfollowing:--\n\n    \"Nay, to how lowe an ebbe of honor was this our poore despicable\n    kingdome brought, that (even in Queen Elizabeth's time, the glory\n    of the world) a great nobleman being taken prisoner, was freely\n    released with this farewell given him, that they desired but two\n    mastieffes for his ransome!\"\n\nWho was this great nobleman, and where may I find the fullest particulars\nof the whole transaction?\n\nH.C.\n\n_When does Easter end_?--An enactment of the legislature directs a certain\nact to be done \"_within two months after Easter_\" in 1850, under a penalty\nfor non-performance. I have no difficulty in finding that two calendar\nmonths are meant, but am puzzled how to compute when they should commence.\nI should be much obliged by being informed when Easter ends? that question\nset at rest, the other part is easily understood and obeyed.\n\nH. EDWARDS.\n\n_Carucate of Land_.--Will any one inform me what were the dimensions of a\ncarucate of land, in Edward III.'s time? also, what was the comparative\nvalue of money at the same date? Are Tables, giving the value of money at\nvarious periods in our history, to be found in any readily accessible\nsource?\n\nE.V.\n\n_Members for Calais_.--Henry VIII. granted a representative in the English\nparliament to the town of Calais. Can any of your correspondents inform me\nwhether this right was exercised till the loss of that town, and, if so,\nwho were the members?\n\nO.P.Q.\n\n_Members for Durham_.--What was the reason that neither the county nor the\ncity of Durham returned members to parliament previous to 1673-4?\n\nO.P.Q.\n\n_Leicester, and the reputed Poisoners of his Time_.--At page 315. vol. ii.\nof D'Israeli's _Amenities of Literature_, London, 1840, is as follows:--\n\n    \"We find strange persons in the Earl's household (Leicester).\n    Salvador, the Italian chemist, a confidential counsellor,\n    supposed to have departed from this world with many secrets,\n    succeeded by Dr. Julio, who risked the promotion. We are told of\n    the lady who had lost her hair and her nails,\" ... \"of the\n    Cardinal Chatillon, who, after being closeted with the Queen,\n    returning to France, never got beyond Canterbury; of the sending\n    a casuist with a case of conscience to Walsingham, to satisfy\n    that statesman of the moral expediency of ridding the state of\n    the Queen of Scots by an Italian philtre.\"\n\nWhere may I turn for the above, more particularly for an account of the\nlady who had lost her hair and her nails?\n\nH.C.\n\nApril 9. 1850.\n\n_Lord John Townshend's Poetical Works_.--Can any of your readers inform me\nwhether the poetical works of Lord John Townshend, M.P., were ever\ncollected and published, and, if so, when, and by whom? His lordship, who,\nit will be remembered, successively represented Cambridge University,\nWestminster, and Knaresborough, was considered to be the principal\ncontributor to the _Rolliad_, and the author of many odes, sonnets, and\nother political effusions which circulated during, the eventful period\n1780-1810.\n\nOXONIENSIS.\n\nMay 4.\n\n_Martello Towers_.--Is it the fact that the towers erected along the low\ncoasts of Kent and Sussex during the prevalent dread of the French invasion\nreceived their designation from a town in Spain, where they were first\nbuilt? By whom was the plan introduced into England? Is any account of\ntheir erection to be found in any _Blue Book_ of the period?\n\nE.V.\n\n_Mynyddyslwyn_.--The name of the parish Mynyddyslwyn, in Monmouthshire.\nThis name, so full of Druidic suggestion, was lost from general use at, and\nanterior to, the incorporation of Wales with England by the statute of\nRhudolan. In a list of the names of Welsh parishes at that time, the parish\nis called _The Parish of Tudor ab Howell_. Has any reader of the \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES\" met with Mynyddyslwyn in any document bearing an earlier date?\n\nD. RHYS STEPHEN.\n\nAbergwyddon.\n\n_Three Dukes_.--Who were the three Dukes who killed the beadle on Sunday\nmorning, 26th February, 1671, as commemorated by verses in _Poems on State\nAffairs_, vol. i. p. 147.?\n\nE.\n\n_Bishops and their Precedence_.--Bishops, in all Tables of Precedency, have\nplace before the temporal barons. No reason is assigned but it is generally\nsupposed to be from the respect due to{10} the Church and their high\ncalling which might have placed them higher.\n\nCan any of your readers tell where any _authority_ or _reason_ is given by\nwriters upon precedence why the precedence is given to them over the\ntemporal barons? E.\n\n_Guineas_.--What is the earliest instance of the use of the word _guinea_\nas a name for a coin?  The common story is, that the piece of twenty-one\nshillings was so called in the reign of Charles II. from being made of\ngold from Guinea. What coin is meant in the following receipt?--\n\n    \"Sachent tous que Mons. Gualhard de Dureffourt ... ad recue ...\n    quatorze _guianois_ dour et dys sondz de la mon[oye] currant a\n    Burdeux.\"\n\nThe date is 12. Nov. 1387. The document is quoted in Madox's _Baronia\nAnglica_, p. 159. note _d_.\n\nA.J.H.\n\n_Parish Registers Tax_.--In the Parish Register of Wigston Magna,\nLeicestershire, are the following entries against several dates in the\nBaptisms and Burials:--\n\n    1784.  Septr. 5th (Burials), \"P'd Tax to y's Day.\"\n    ----   Novr. 28th (Baptisms), \"p'd Tax.\"\n    1785.  Octr. 14th (Baptisms), \"p'd Tax to this Day.\"\n    1786.  Septr. 12th (Christenings), \"p'd tax to this Day.\"\n    1786.  Septr. 1st (Burials), \"p'd tax to this Day.\"\n    1787.  July 31st (Baptisms), \"P'd Tax to this Day.\"\n    ----   Septr. 27th (Burials), \"P'd Tax to this Day.\"\n\nI should be glad to be informed what tax is here referred to. These are all\nthe entries of the kind.\n\nARUN.\n\n_Charade_.--Can any of your readers help me to a solution of the following\npoetical charade, which I believe appeared in the _Times_ newspaper a few\nyears back with this heading to it:--\n\n    \"The following piece of mysticism has been sent to us as\n    original, with a request for a solution. The authorship is among\n    the secrets of literature: it is said to have been by Fox,\n    Sheridan, Gregory, Psalmenazar, Lord Byron, and the Wandering\n    Jew. We leave the question to our erudite readers.\"\n\n      \"I sit on a rock\n      While I'm raising the wind,\n      But the storm once abated,\n      I'm gentle and kind;\n      I see kings at my feet,\n      Who wait but my nod,\n      To kneel in the dust\n      Which my footsteps have trod.\n      Though seen by the world,\n      I'm known but to few;\n      The Gentiles detest me,\n      I'm pork to the Jew.\n      I never have past\n      But one night in the dark,\n      And that was with Noah,\n      Alone, in the ark.\n      My weight is three pounds,\n      My length is a mile,\n      And when I'm discover'd,\n      You'll say, with a smile,\n      My first and my last\n      Are the wish of our isle.\"\n\nI should be obliged if any body could give me a key to this.\n\nQUAESTOR.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n+Replies.+\n\nHOWKEY OR HORKEY.\n\n_Howkey_ or _Horkey_ (Vol. i. p. 263.) is evidently, as your East Anglian\ncorrespondent and J.M.B. have pointed out, a corrupt pronunciation of the\noriginal _Hockey_; _Hock_ being a heap of sheaves of corn, and hence the\n_hock-cart_, or cart loaded with sheaves.\n\nHerrick, who often affords pleasing illustrations of old rural customs and\nsuperstitions, has a short poem, addressed to Lord Westmoreland, entitled\n\"The Hock-cart, or Harvest Home,\" in which he says:--\n\n  \"The harvest swains and wenches bound,\n  For joy to see the hock-cart crown'd.\"\n\n_Die Hocke_ was, in the language of Lower Saxony, _a heap of sheaves_.\n_Hocken_ was the act of piling up these sheaves; and in that valuable\nrepertory of old and provincial German words, the _W\u00f6rterbuch_ of J.L.\nFrisch, it is shown to belong to the family of words which signify a _heap_\nor _hilly protuberance_.\n\nWe should have been prepared to find the word in East Anglia; but from\nHerrick's use of it, and others, it must have formerly been prevalent in\nthe West of England also. It has nothing to do with _Hock-tide_, which is\nthe _Hoch-zeit_ of the Germans, and is merely [Transcriber's note:\nillegible] _feast_ or _highday_ of which a very satisfactory account\nwill be found in Mr. Hampson's \"Glossary\" annexed to his _Medii Aevi\nKalendarium_. An interesting account of the _Hoch-zeit_ of the Germans\nof Lower Saxony occurs where we should little expect it, in the\n_Sprichw\u00f6rter_ of Master Egenolf, printed at Francfort in 1548, 4to.;\nand may perhaps serve to illustrate some of our obsolete rural customs:--\n\n    \"We Germans keep carnival (all the time between Epiphany and\n    Ash-Wednesday) St. Bernard's and St. Martin's days, Whitsuntide\n    and Easter, as times, above all other periods of the year, when\n    we should eat, drink, and be merry. St. Burchard's day, on account\n    of the fermentation of the new must. St. Martin's, probably on\n    account of the fermentation of the new wine: then we roast fat\n    geese, and all the world enjoy themselves. At Easter we bake\n    pancakes (_fladen_); at Whitsuntide we make bowers of green\n    boughs, and keep the feast of the tabernacle in Saxony and\n    Thuringia; and we drink, Whitsun-beer for eight days. In Saxony,\n    we also keep the feast of St. Panthalion with drinking and eating\n    sausages and roast legs of mutton stuffed with{11} garlic. To the\n    _kirmse_, or church feast, which happens only once a year, four\n    or five neighbouring villages go together, and it is a\n    praiseworthy custom, as it maintains a neighbourly and kindly\n    feeling among the people.\"\n\nThe pleasing account of the English harvest feast in Gage's _Hengrave_,\ncalls it _Hochay_. Pegge, in his Supplement to Grose's _Provincial Words,\nHockey_. Dr. Nares notices it in his _Glossary_, and refers to an account\nof its observance in Suffolk given in the _New Monthly Magazine_ for\nNovember, 1820. See also Major Moor's _Suffolk Words_, and Forby's\n_Vocabulary of East Anglia_, who says that Bloomfield, the rustic poet of\nSuffolk, calls it the _Horky_; Dr. Nares having said that Bloomfield does\nnot venture on this provincial term for a _Harvest-home_.\n\nS.W. SINGER.\n\nMay 14. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCHARLES MARTEL.\n\n(Vol. i. pp. 86. 275.)\n\nIf Charles _Martel_ must no longer be the _Mauler_, he will only be\nexcluded from a very motley band. Here are a few of his repudiated\nnamesakes:--\n\n1. The _Maccab\u00e6i_ from Hebr. _Makkab_, a hammer.\n\n2. Edward I., \"_Malleus_ Scotorum.\"\n\n3. \"St. Augustine, that _Maul_ of heretics, was in chief repute with\"\nJosias Shute, among the Latin Fathers. (Lloyd's _Memoires_, p. 294.) \"God\nmake you as Augustine, _Malleum H\u00e6reticorum_.\" (Edward's _Gangraena_, Part\nII. p. 17. 1646.)\n\n4. \"Robertus Grossetest, Episcopus Lincolniensis, _Romanorum Malleus_, ob.\n1253.\" (Fulman, _Notitia Oxon_. p. 103. 2nd ed.)\n\n5. \"Petrus de Alliaco, circ. A.D. 1400, _Malleus a veritate aberrantium\nindefessus_ appellari solebat.\" (Wharton in _Keble's Hooker_, i. 102.)\n\n6. T. Cromwell, \"_Malleus Monachorum_:\" \"_Mauler_ of Monasteries\" [Fuller,\nif I recollect rightly, quoted by Carlyle]. Also, \"_Mawling_ religious\nhouses.\" (Lloyd's _State Worthies_, i. 72. 8vo. ed.)\n\n7. Bishop Prideaux, \"_Malleus H\u00e6rese[=o]s_.\" (Wood, _Ath. Oxon_. iii.\n267.)\n\n8. Hooker, \"_Schismaticorum Malleus_,\" Bp. H. King's Letter to Iz. Walton.\n\n9. Peter Gunning, \"_Schismaticorum Malleus_.\" (Barwick's _Life_, p. 22.\nLatin ed.)\n\n10. Archbishop Usher, \"_Errorum malleus_.\" (Univ. of Oxford. Parr's _Life\nof Usher_, p. 101.)\n\n11. Henry Hammond, _Errorum maleus, &c._. (Lloyd's _Memoires_, p. 401.)\n\n12. Dean Comber, \"_falsi Malleus_\". (Ib. v. 450.) The reader will at once\nrecollect \"The hammer of the whole earth,\" in Jeremiah, L. 23. Grotius, in\nhis note on the \"_Malleus_ univers\u00e6 terr\u00e6\" of that passage, says,--\n\n    \"Sic vocat Chald\u00e6os, pari de caus\u00e2 ut ob quam\n    Francorum quidam dictus est _Martellus_\".\n\nCompare George Herbert of Lord Bacon,--\"Sophismatum _Mastix ... Securis_\nque errorum,\" &c. &c. (_Poems_, p. 253, ed. 1844.) Nor must we forget\nAttila, \"the _scourge_ of God.\"\n\nR.A.\n\n\n_Charles Martel_ (Vol. i. p. 86.)--The following note may perhaps be\nacceptable in conjunction with that of G.J.K. (p. 86.), on Charles Martel.\nIt is taken from Michelet's _History of France_, an easily accessible work.\n\n    \"Charlemagne is usually considered as the translation of Carolus\n    Magnus. 'Challemaines si vaut autant comme grant challes.'\n    (_Chro. de St. Denis_, 1. i. c. 4.) Charlemagne is merely a\n    corruption of Carloman, Karlmann, the strong man. In the\n    above-cited chronicle itself, the words Challes and Challemaines\n    are used for Charles and Carloman (_maine_, a corruption of\n    _mann_, as _leine_ of _lana_). In the _Chronicle of Theophanes_ a\n    still more conclusive text is found: he calls Carloman [Greek:\n    Karoullomagnos]; _Scr. fr._ v. 187. The two brothers must have\n    borne the same name. In the 10th century, Charles the Bald was\n    dignified, though most undeservedly, with the same title of\n    Great, through the ignorance of the Latin monks.--_Epitaph. ap\n    Scrip. fr_. vii. 322.\n\n          ... Nomen qui nomine duxit\n    De Magni Magnus, de Caroli Carolus.\n\n    A similar kind of blunder was made by the Greek\n    writers in the name Elagabal, which they transformed\n    into Heliogabal, from \"[Greek: Helios], the sun.\"\n\nWith regard to Charles Martel, Michelet does not allude to M. Collin de\nPlaucy's explanation, and adopts the old version--\n\n    \"Son surnom pa\u00efen de Marteau me ferait volontiers douter s'il\n    \u00e9tait chr\u00e9tien. On sait que le marteau est l'attribut de Thor, le\n    signe de l'association pa\u00efcune, celui de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de la\n    conqu\u00eate barbare.\"--Vide Michelet's _Origines du Droit Fran\u00e7ais_.\n\nCharles was notoriously at variance with the Church. I should consider\nMichelet a much better authority than M. Collin de Plaucy, who, to judge\nfrom his preface to another work, _Le Dictionnaire Infernal_, slavishly\nsubmits his critical acuteness to the dicta of his Church.\n\nJ.B.D.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"FEAST\" AND \"FAST.\"\n\nI am not going to take part in the game of _hockey_, started by LORD\nBRAYBROOKE, and carried on with so much spirit by several of your\ncorrespondents in No. 28.; but I have a word to say to one of the\nhockey-players, C.B., who, _per fas et nefas_, has mixed up \"feast and\nfast\" with the game.\n\nC.B. asks, \"Is not the derivation of 'feast' and 'fast' originally the\nsame? that which is appointed connected with 'fas,' and that from 'fari?'\"\nI should say no; and let me cite the familiar lines from the beginning of\nOvid's _Fasti_:--{12}\n\n  \"Ne tamen ignores variorum jura dierum\n     Non habet officii Lucifer omnis idem.\n  Ille Nefastus erit per quem tria verba silentur:\n     Fastus, erit per quem lege licebit agi.\n  Neu toto perstare die sua jura put\u00e2ris;\n     Qui jam Fastus erit, man\u00e8 Nefastus erat.\n  Nam simul exta Deo data sunt, licet omnia fari;\n     Verbaque Honoratus libera Praetor habet.\"\n\nThe _dies festus_ was not only not _dies fastus_, but _dies nefastus_.\n\nWithout going beyond _feast_ and _fast_, I see nothing in C.B.'s suggestion\nbetter than the old derivations of the words _feast_ from _festus -um_, and\n_fast_ from the Anglo-Saxon; nor indeed anything half so good. _Feast_ and\n_fast_ are opposed in meaning: our word _fast_ has a meaning which neither\n_fas, fari_, nor _fastus_, nor all three together, will explain.\n\nCH.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n+Replies to Minor Queries.+\n\n_The Badger's Legs_ (Vol. i., p. 381.).--In answer to one of your\ncorrespondents, who inquires whether there is any allusion to the\ninequalities of the badger's legs previous to that made by Sir T.\nBrowne:--\n\n  \"And as that beast hath legs (which shepherds fear,\n  'Yclept a badger, which our lambs doth tear),\n  One long, the other short, that when he runs\n  Upon the plain, he halts, but when he runs\n  On craggy rocks, or steepy hills, we see\n  None runs more swift or easier than he.\"\n\nBrowne's _Britannia's Pastorals_, B.I.\n\nSong 5. A.D. 1613.\n\nJ.F. BOYES.\n\n_Twm Sion Catti_ (Vol. i., p. 456.).--Seleucus observes that Twm Catti\nflourished between the years 1590 and 1630.\n\nI have seen the original pardon, under the great seal, countersigned\nVaughan, and bearing date 15th Jan., 1st of Elizabeth (1559).\n\nThe pardon extends to--\n\n    \"Thome Johns, alias Cattye, nuper de Tregaen in Com. Cardigan,\n    Gen\u00ba., alias dict. Thome Johns, alias Catty ae Tregaem, in Com.\n    Cardigan, Generoso, alias dict. Thome Jones, alias Catty, Gent.,\n    sen quocunque alio nomine vel cognomine seu additione hominis\n    cognitionis dignitatis, officii sen losi idem Thomas cognatur,\n    vocetur seu nuncupetur,\" &c. &c.; and includes \"omnia escapia et\n    cautiones.\"\n\nI have written the extract without all the contractions in the original.\n\nJ.M.T.\n\nMay 21. 1850.\n\n\n_Christian Captives_ (Vol. i., p. 441.).--R.W.B. may probably obtain\nvaluable information from the trustees of Lady Mico's Charity. See\nAttorney-General _v_. Gibson, 2 _Beavan_, 317. (_n_.)\n\nA note on that case may not be uninteresting, as showing the vast increase\nof a fund originally small.\n\nLady Mico, in 1670, gave 1000_l_. to redeem poor slaves. In 1686 this fund\nwas laid out in the purchase of land.\n\nIn 1827 an information was filed against Mr. Gibson and others and at that\ntime the rental of the purchased land amounted to something like 3000_l_. a\nyear, and the trustees had accumulated upwards of 115,000_l_. Consols.\n\nTrustees were appointed in 1834, and their office is No. 20. Buckingham\nStreet, Strand. The funds are applied towards the education of our\nemancipated slaves. Q.D.\n\n_Cannibals_.--Your correspondent W. (Vol. i., p. 186.) will field the\norigin of this word in Stillingfleet's _Origines Sacrae_, Part II. Book i.\nc. i., where there are traced the gradations observed by travellers in the\nsavagery of the several natives of America. Has it been recorded of any\npeople in Europe, Asia, or Africa, that they were addicted to the practice\nof scalping? T.J.\n\n_Symbols of the four Evangelists_.--The misappropriation of the four faces\nof the cherubim, originally designed to shadow forth the incarnate Deity,\nto the four evangelists, with whom these emblematic representations are\nstill, as anciently, associated in architectural decorations and heraldic\nbearings, appear to have originated, among the early Christians, in the\nreverence with which they regarded the four gospels. JARLZBERG (Vol. i., p.\n385.) explains why the lion is assigned to St. Mark, and desires to know\nthe reasons assigned for the three other Evangelists' emblems.\n\n    \"Aquila\", says Aringhi, \"dignissimum ilium ac lynceum in\n    arcanarum rerum ac mysteriorum sublimitate speculatorem, Joannem\n    Evangelistam sublimi velocium pennarum symbolo portendit.\"\n\nThe ox, according to the same author, has been assigned as well to St.\nMatthew as to St. Luke, as all laborious ministers of the gospel are aptly\nrepresented by the \"animal natum tolerare labores.\"\n\nT.J.\n\n\n_Turkish Spy_ (Vol. i., p.334).--In the _Gent. Mag._ for March last, it is\nwell observed that \"It is a great fault in an historical writer not to be\nwell read in Sylvanus Urban.\" The remark will apply to your inquirer\nconcerning these celebrated letters, and indeed, to many others who devote\nmuch labour in exploring the contents of MSS., without being aware of what\nlies on the surface of literature. The late D'Israeli is a striking\ninstance of this art of _discovering_ in an old MS. what had been long\nknown in print.\n\nIn consequence of what Mr. Hallam stated concerning these _Letters of a\nTurkish Spy_, I sent a communication to the _Gent. Mag._, which\nappeared{13} in vol. xiv. N.S. 142., on the subject, which gave rise to\nseveral interesting articles in the same and subsequent vol. from other\nmore able writers. To these I would refer Dr. Rimbault, and it will afford\nme much satisfaction if he will aid in elucidating what still remains a\n_vexata questio_.\n\nF.R.A.\n\n\n_Dr. Maginn's Miscellanies_ (Vol. i., p. 470.).--In reply to J.M.B., I beg\nto state that the \"_Magazine Miscellanies_\" of Dr. Maginn were published in\nnumbers, at 3_d_. each, by Dodsley and Co., Crane Court, Fleet St. I have\nnine numbers of it, all that were published, I believe, containing several\ntales, serious and humorous Poems, Irish Melodies, Maxims of Mr. O'Doherty,\nMiscellaneous Papers, The Tobias Correspondence, a translation of Lucian's\nTimon, Shakspere Papers on Sir John Falstaff Jaques, Romeo, Bottom the\nWeaver, Lady Macbeth, and Timon; a Translation of the Batrachomyomachia,\nand three or four of the Homeric Ballads.\n\nWILLIAM CARPENTER.\n\nAdelphi.\n\n\nAs your correspondent J.M.B. appears to be inquiring into the earliest\ncontributions of Dr. Maginn to the periodical press in England, you may\ninform him that he communicated a great number of papers, &c., to the\n_Literary Gazette_ before he left Cork, and wrote articles in _Blackwood's\nMagazine_. The former were his first appearances in print in England,\nthough the Cork journals published many of his productions whilst yet a\nmere boy.\n\nTEUTHA.\n\n\n_Trianon_ (Vol. i., p. 439.).--The meaning of this word is \"a pavilion,\"\nand was applied, doubtless, to the elegant structures to which your\ncorrespondent refers, on account of the light and graceful style of their\narchitecture. J.K.R.W.\n\n_Lee Trianons_.--I have always understood that these gardens, &c., took\ntheir name from the village of Trianon, the site of which they occupy, and\nwhich village Louis XIV. purchased from the monks of St. Genevi\u00e8ve.\n\nAREDJID KOOEZ.\n\n\n_Pimlico_ (Vol. i. p. 383. and 474.).--Would it not be worth the while of\nsome of your ingenious correspondents to inquire whether the following\nextract may not give a clue to the origin of this word?\n\nIn an enumeration of \"strange birds\" to be found in Barbadoes, there is\nmention of \"the Egge Bird, the Cahow, the Tropick Bird, _the Pemlico which\npresageth storms_.\" America painted to the life. (_The True History of the\nSpaniards' Proceedings in America_, by Ferdinando Gorges, Esq., Lond. 4to.\n1659.)\n\nBR.\n\n\n_The Arms of Godin_.--My attention has been drawn to a Query from Mr.\nKERSLEY, in page 439. of Vol. i., relative to the arms of Godin. I have\nseen these arms blazoned variously. Mr. Godin Shiffner bears them quarterly\nwith his own coat of Shiffner, and blazons them thus:--_Party per fess,\nazure and gules, a barr or; in chief, a dexter and sinister hand grasping a\ncup, all proper_.\n\nI am inclined to think this is an innovation upon the original arms, as I\nhave them painted on an old piece of china _azure, a cup or_. They are here\nimpaled with the arms of Du Fon, an ancient French family that intermarried\nwith the Godins.\n\nIn the _Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de la Noblesse de Brabant_, I find that \"Fran\u00e7ois Godin,\nSecr\u00e9taire ordinaire du Roy Philippe II., en grand conseil s\u00e9ant \u00e0\nMalines,\" was ennobled by letters patent, dated Madrid, 7th January, 1589,\nand \"port les armoiries suivantes, qui sont, _un escu de sinople \u00e0 une\ncoupe lasalade, ou couverture ouverte d'or; ledit escu somm\u00e9 d'un heaume\nd'argent grill\u00e9 et lis\u00e9r\u00e9 d'or; aux bourlet et hachements d'or et de\nsinople: cimier une coupe de l'escu_.\"\n\nThis blazoning is corrected in the index, where the arms are stated to be\n\"_un escu de sinople \u00e0 la coupe couverte d'or_.\"\n\nIn the _Nobiliaire des Pays-Bas_, I find that Daniel Godin, Seigneur de\nBeauvois, was enobled by Philip IV. in 1623, and \"les armes sont, _de\nsinople \u00e0 une coupe couverte d'or_.\"\n\nIn 1642, \"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Godin, Seigneur de Baumez, Baill\u00e9 et haut Justicier\nde Reumes\" (son of Fran\u00e7ois Godin, who was ennobled by Philip II.),\nobtained permission from Philip IV. to alter his paternal coat, and to\ncarry \"_un \u00e9cu de sinople \u00e0 trois coupes couvertes d'or; cet \u00e9cu timbr\u00e9\nd'un casque d'argent, grill\u00e9, lis\u00e9r\u00e9, et couronn\u00e9 d'or, orn\u00e9 de ses\nlambrequins d'or et de sinople, et au-dessus en cimier, une t\u00eate et col de\nlicorne au naturel_.\"\n\nHis son, Jaques-Fran\u00e7ois Godin, appears afterwards to have obtained the\ntitle of Baron.\n\nThe earliest mention I can find of the Godin arms is in 1588, when\nChristopher Godin carried \"_de sinople \u00e0 une coupe couverte d'or_.\" He was\na son of Jacques Seigneur d'Aubrecicourt and of Fran\u00e7oise Lettin, and\nbrother to the first-named Fran\u00e7ois Godin. There appears to have been\nanother brother, Jaques; and they were all three ennobled by Philip II.,\nprobably for their public services, as Christopher was Conseiller et\nReceveur-g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Domaines et Finances des Pays-Bas; Jacques, Conseiller\net Ma\u00eetre de la Chambre des Comptes en Hollande; and Fran\u00e7ois, Secr\u00e9taire\ndu Grand Conseil \u00e0 Malines.\n\nI am not aware what connection existed between these Godins and the family\nof that name in Normandy (now extinct); but the _cup_ in the arms, though\nborne differently, proves that they were of the same race.\n\nJ.R.C.\n\nMay 23, 1850.\n\n\n_The Title of D.D._--The remarks of your correspondent \"BROWN RAPPEE\" (Vol.\nI. p. 438.){14} induced me to turn to the List of the Fellows of the\nSociety of Antiquaries, and I find it in my power to exonerate the compiler\nof the list on one point from the carelessness he imputes. \"BROWN RAPPEE\"\nsays, \"We see one or two D.D.'s deprived of their titles of 'Rev.'\" I find\nbut one D.D. in that condition, and in that instance the list is correct,\nand the usual prefix would have been an error; the gentleman in question\n_not_ being in orders, although his services in Biblical literature have\nbeen acknowledged with the degree of D.D. Your correspondent does not seem\nto be aware that this doctorate is, like all others, an academical, and not\na clerical, distinction and that, although it is seldom dissociated from\nthe clerical office in this country, any lay scholar of adequate\nattainments in theology is competent to receive this distinction, and any\nuniversity to bestow it upon him.\n\nEYE-SNUFF.\n\n\n_Emancipation of the Jews_ (Vol. i. p. 479.).--The following extract from\nTovey's _Anglia Judaica_, p. 259., may be acceptable in connection with\nthis subject:--\n\n    \"As soon as King Charles was murther'd, the Jews petitioned the\n    Council of War to endeavour a repeal of that act of parliament\n    which had been made against them; promising, in return, to make\n    them a present of five hundred thousand pounds: Provided that\n    they could likewise procure the cathedral of St. Paul to be\n    procured them for a synagogue, and the Bodleian Library at Oxford\n    to begin their traffic with, which piece of service it seems was\n    undertaken by those _honest men_, at the solicitation of Hugh\n    Peters and Henry Masters, whom the Jews employed as their brokers\n    but without any success.\"\n\nAfterwards, however, the Jews of Holland sent a deputation, consisting of\nthe famous Rabbi Manasseh ben Israel, and several wealthy Jewish merchants.\nWhen Cromwell came into full power their hopes were raised, for he was\nknown to be favourable to their re-admission; but after much discussion,\nthe popular feeling, and the voices of many influential preachers, were\nfound to be so much against the measure that nothing was eventually done;\nand Charles II. must be regarded as the restorer of the Jews to this\ncountry. Tovey says that the Rabbi Netto, \"the governor of the synagogue\"\nin his time, had searched the Jewish registers at his request, and had\nfound that, so late as 1663, there were but twelve Jews in England. It\nseems that while these negotiations were in hand, all sorts of absurd and\nidle rumours were afloat. Among these I incline to reckon the alleged\nproposal to purchase St. Paul's for a synagogue. It seems to be\nsufficiently refuted by the intrinsic absurdity of the thing. But beyond\nthis we have the express denial, made on the spot and at the time, by Rabbi\nManasseh ben Israel himself. On turning to his _Vindici\u00e6 Jud\u00e6orum_,\nwritten in this country, I find that after recapitulating various calumnies\non his people--such as their sacrificing Christian children, etc.--he thus\ngoes on:--\n\n    \"'Love and hatred,' says Plutarch, 'corrupt the truth of every\n    thing;' as experience sufficiently declares it, when we see that\n    which comes to pass, that one and the same thing, in one and the\n    same city, at one and the same time, is related in different\n    manners. I myself, in my own negociation here, have found it so.\n    For it hath been rumoured abroad, that our nation had purchased\n    St. Paul's church, for to make it their synagogue,\n    notwithstanding it was a temple formerly consecrated to Diana.\n    And many other things have been reported of us that never entered\n    the thought of our nation.\"\n\nJ.K.\n\n\n_Sneck-up or Snick-up._--Surely this means nothing more or less than what\nwe should write _Hiccup!_ or _Hiccough!_ so, at least, I have always\nsupposed; misled, perhaps, by Sir Toby's surname, and his parenthetical\nimprecation on \"pickle herring\". I do not pretend to be a critic of\nShakspeare, and must confess that I do not possess a copy of the \"Twelfth\nNight\" but after seeing your correspondent R.R.'s letter (Vol. i., p.\n467.), I resolved to write you a note. First, however, I called on a\nneighbour to get a look at the text, and he brought me down Theobald's\nedition of 1773, where it stands,--\n\n    \"_Sir To._ We did keep time, Sir, in our catches.\n    Sneck up!\"                           [_Hiccoughs._\n\nThe effort necessary to pronounce the word \"catches\" might help to produce\na catch of another sort in the stomach of a gentleman oppressed with drink\nand pickle herring; and it seems likely that some such idea was in the\nauthor's mind.\n\nDAVUS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n+MISCELLANEOUS+\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC.\n\nThe readiness which many of our friends have evinced to illustrate that\nmost curious, interesting, and valuable of all gossiping histories, the\nrecently completed edition of _The Diary of Samuel Pepys_, for which the\npublic is indebted to our noble correspondent Lord Braybrooke, tempts us to\ncall their attention to the no less important work now in course of\npublication, _The Diary and Correspondence of John Evelyn._ This we are the\nmore anxious to do, inasmuch as, although the two volumes already issued\ncomplete the Diary, there remains still an opportunity of introducing into\nthe concluding volumes such farther notes and illustrations as any of our\nreaders may be enabled and disposed to furnish and who would not gladly so\nshow his reverence for the memory of such a man as John Evelyn?\n\n_A List of Printed Service Books according to the Ancient Uses of the\nAnglican Church_ has recently been{15} printed by Mr. F. Dickenson (late\nM.P. for Somersetshire), as a first attempt towards getting a complete\naccount of all such books, and of all copies of each class that are extant.\nMr. Dickenson's object is, eventually to produce a complete _Catalogue\nraisonn\u00e9e_ of all books of this class, whether printed or MSS., comprising,\nas to the MSS., a careful abstract of the contents of each, with a notice\nof its probable age and of anything that may help to fix the place where it\nwas written, or intended to be used; and as to the printed copies,\nsupplying the title, colophon, foliation, and any peculiarities of type,\nwoodcuts, or ornaments, and including besides, an account of the origin and\nhistory of the Anglican uses. Any information on these heads with which\nthat gentleman may be favoured, our readers may calculate on seeing turned\nto good account.\n\nWe have tested De la Rue and Co.'s _Improved Pamphlet Binder_ (registered\nby James MacCabe), for the purpose of facilitating the binding or\nextracting of any letter or pamphlet, without the possibility of deranging\nthe consecutive order of any others that may be contained in it, and have\nfound it answer extremely well the purpose for which it was intended.\nWhether containing one pamphlet or fifty,--and we tried with the numbers of\nour valued contemporary, the _Athen\u00e6um_,--it equally forms a perfect book;\nand we have therefore no doubt of its practical utility.\n\nMessrs. Sotheby and Co., Wellington Street, Strand, will commence on\nWednesday next a nine days' sale of the Philological, Philosophical,\nHistorical, Classical, and General Library of the late Dr. Scott, of\nBedford Square, a library particularly rich in Oriental Works.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\n(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._):\n\nARCANA OF SCIENCE, 1828.\n\n_Odd Volumes_.\n\nERASMUS'S PARAPHRASE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, Vol. II., and\nTitle-page to Vol. I.\n\nBLOOMFIELD'S NORFOLK, Vol. III.\n\nTRIAL OF THE EARL OF STRAFFORD (being Vol. VIII. of \"Rushworth's\nHistorical Collections\").\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\n+NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.+\n\n_The matter is so generally understood with regard to the management of\nperiodical works, that it is hardly necessary for the Editor to say that_\nHE CANNOT UNDERTAKE TO RETURN MANUSCRIPTS; _but on one point he wishes to\noffer a few words of explanation to his correspondents in general, and\nparticularly to those who do not enable him to communicate with them except\nin print. They will see, on a very little reflection, that it is plainly\nhis interest to take all he can get, and make the most, and the best of\neverything; and therefore he begs them to take for granted that their\ncommunications are received, and appreciated, even if two or three\nsucceeding Numbers bear no proof of it. He is convinced that the want of\nspecific acknowledgment will only be felt by those who have no idea of the\nlabour and difficulty attendant on the hurried management of such a work,\nand of the impossibility of sometimes giving an explanation, when there\nreally is one which would quite satisfy the writer, for the delay or\nnon-insertion of his communication. Correspondents in such cases have no\nreason, and if they understood an editor's position they would feel that\nthey have no right, to consider themselves undervalued; but nothing short\nof personal experience in editorship would explain to them the perplexities\nand evil consequences arising from an opposite course._\n\nINDEX AND TITLE-PAGE TO VOLUME THE FIRST. _The Index is preparing as\nrapidly as can be, consistently with fullness and accuracy, and we hope to\nhave that and the Title page ready by the 15th of the Month._\n\n_Our readers will perceive some few alterations in the mechanical\narrangement of our Paper. These have been adopted for the purpose of\nprocuring additional space for their communications._\n\n_Errata in Vol. I._--P. 405. col. 1., for \"Taxall\" and \"Texshall,\" read\n\"Paxall\" and \"Pexshall,\" and for \"Bacon,\" read \"Becon;\" p. 412. col. 2. l.\n17., for \"audato\" read \"andato,\" l. 20., for \"Ginnone,\" read \"Giunone,\" l.\n23., for \"DELLE,\" read \"DETTE,\" l. 24, for \"Gopelin,\" read \"Gosselin;\" p\n468. col. 2., for \"Estruscilla,\" read \"Etruscilla;\" p.481 col. 2., for\n\"Prominens,\" read \"Proximus,\" and for \"proprior,\" read \"propior;\" p.486.\ncol. 1. l. 23., for \"vespertionum,\" read \"vespertilionum.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\nJust published, price 1_s._ each.\n\nTHE UNIVERSITY COMMISSION; or, Lord John Russell's Post Bag of April 27.\n1850. Parts 1 and 2. Part 3 _in a few days_.\n\nOxford: printed by W. BAXTER. London: F. and J. RIVINGTON, St. Paul's\nChurch Yard; and GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\nRoyal 32mo., cloth, 2_s._; morocco (Hayday), 7_s._\n\n\nSELDEN'S TABLE TALK.\n\nRoyal 32mo., price 2_s._ 6_d._ cloth, 7_s._ 6_d._ morocco (Hayday).\n\n\nTHE TEMPLE, SACRED POEMS, and PRIVATE EJACULATIONS. By GEORGE HERBERT.\n\nAlso, by the same Author, Price 2_s._ cloth, 7_s._ morocco (Hayday)\n\n\nA PRIEST TO THE TEMPLE; or, THE COUNTRY PARSON: his Character, and Rule of\nHoly Life, &c.\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street. Leicester J.S. CROSSLEY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nOn a large sheet, price 7_s._ 6_d._ plain, 15_s._ richly coloured; in case,\n10_s._ 6_d._ plain; 18_s._ coloured.\n\nA CHART of ANCIENT ARMOUR, from the ELEVENTH to the SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES;\ncontaining Eighteen Figures, with a Description and a Sketch of the\nProgress of European Armour. By JOHN HEWITT.\n\n\"A graphic outline of the subject of military costume during the\nperiod of its greatest interest to the English antiquary. The author\nhas made a judicious selection of examples, chiefly from the rich\nseries of monumental effigies; and, in the brief text which accompanies\nthese illustrations, a useful resum\u00e9 will be found of a subject which,\nnot many years since, was attainable only through the medium of costly\npublications.\"--_Archaeological Journal_.\n\nGEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.{16}\n\nNEW WORKS IN GENERAL LITERATURE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nI.\n\nMEMOIRS OF THE DUKES OF URBINO (1440 to 1630). By JAMES DENNISTOUN, of\nDennistoun. With numerous Portraits, Plates, Facsimiles, and Woodcuts. 3\nvols. square crown 8vo. 2_l_. 8_s_.\n\n\nII.\n\nSIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. From \"The Spectator\". With Notes, &c., by W.H.\nWILLIS; and Twelve fine Woodcuts from drawings by F. TAYLER. Crown 8vo.\n15_s_.; morocco, 27_s_.\n\n\nIII.\n\nMrs. JAMESON'S SACRED and LEGENDARY ART; or, LEGENDS of the SAINTS and\nMARTYRS. New Edition, complete in One Volume with Etchings by the Author,\nand Woodcuts. Square crown 8vo. 28_s_.\n\n\nIV.\n\nMrs. JAMESON'S LEGENDS OF THE SAINTS AND MARTYRS, as represented in the\nFine Arts. With Etchings by the Author, and Woodcuts. Square crown 8vo.\n28_s_.\n\n\nV.\n\nTHE CHURCH IN THE CATACOMBS: a Description of the Primitive Church of Rome.\nBy CHARLES MAITLAND. New Edition, with Woodcuts. 8vo. 14_s_.\n\n\nVI.\n\nMr. MACAULAY'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the Accession of James II. New\nEdition. Vols. I. and II. 8vo. 32_s_.\n\n\nVII.\n\nJOHN COAD'S MEMORANDUM of the SUFFERINGS of the REBELS sentenced to\nTransportation by Judge Jeffreys. Square fcap. 8vo. 4_s_. 6_d_.\n\n\nVIII.\n\nAN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH ANTIQUITIES. Intended as a Companion to the\nHistory of England. By JAMES ECCLESTON. With many Wood Engravings. 8vo.\n12_s_.\n\n\nIX.\n\nMr. A. RICH'S ILLUSTRATED COMPANION to the LATIN DICTIONARY and GREEK\nLEXICON. With about 2,000 Woodcuts, from the Antique. Post 8vo. 21_s_.\n\n\nX.\n\nMAUNDER'S TREASURY OF KNOWLEDGE and LIBRARY of REFERENCE: a Compendium of\nUniversal Knowledge. New Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 10_s_.; bound 12_s_.\n\n\nXI.\n\nMAUNDER'S BIOGRAPHICAL TREASURY; a New Dictionary of Ancient and Modern\nBiography comprising about 12,000 Memoirs. New Edition, with Supplement.\nFcap. 8vo. 10_s_.; bound, 12_s_.\n\n\nXII.\n\nMAUNDER'S SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY TREASURY; a copious portable\nEncyclopaedia of Science and the Belles Lettres. New Edition. Fcap. 8vo.\n10_s_.; bound, 12_s_.\n\n\nXIII.\n\nMAUNDER'S HISTORICAL TREASURY comprising an Outline of General History, and\na separate History of every Nation. New Edition. Fcp. 8vo. 10_s_.; bound,\n12_s_.\n\n\nXIV.\n\nMAUNDER'S TREASURY OF NATURAL HISTORY, or, a Popular Dictionary of Animated\nNature. New Edition; with 900 Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo. 10_s_.; bound, 12_s_.\n\n\nXV.\n\nSOUTHEY'S COMMON-PLACE BOOK FIRST SERIES--CHOICE PASSAGES, &c. SECOND\nEDITION with Medallion Portrait. Square crown 8vo. 18_s_.\n\n\nXVI.\n\nSOUTHEY'S COMMON-PLACE BOOK SECOND SERIES--SPECIAL COLLECTIONS. Edited by\nthe REV. J.W. WARTER, B.D., the Author's Son-in-Law. Square crown 8vo.\n18_s_.\n\n\nXVII.\n\nSOUTHEY'S COMMON-PLACE BOOK THIRD SERIES--ANALYTICAL READINGS. Edited by\nMr. SOUTHEY's Son-in-Law, the Rev. J.W. WARTER, B.D. Square crown 8vo.\n21_s_.\n\n\nXVIII.\n\nSOUTHEY'S COMMON-PLACE BOOK FOURTH AND CONCLUDING SERIES--ORIGINAL\nMEMORANDA &c. Edited by the Rev. J.W. WARTER, B.D., Mr. SOUTHEY's\nSon-in-Law. Square crown 8vo. [Nearly Ready]\n\n\nXIX.\n\nSOUTHEY'S THE DOCTOR. &c. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait, Bust,\nVignette, and coloured Plate. Edited by the Rev. J.W. WARTER, B.D., the\nAuthor's Son-in-Law. Square crown 8vo. 21_s_.\n\n\nXX.\n\nSOUTHEY'S LIFE and CORRESPONDENCE. Edited by his Son, the Rev. C.C.\nSOUTHEY, M.A., with Portraits and Landscape Illustrations. 6 vols. post\n8vo. 63_s_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLONDON:\n\nLONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Brides in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, June 1. 1850.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 31, June 1, 1850","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":13617}