{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_13361/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_13361","id":"gutenberg_13361","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13361","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: History - Other","Category: Journals","Category: Language & Communication","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"NOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS,\nANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNo. 36.] SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{81}\n\nCONTENTS\n\nNOTES:--\n  Further Notes on Derivation of the Word \"News\", by\n    Samuel Hickson 81\n  More Borrowed Thoughts, by S. W. Singer 82\n  Strangers in the House of Commons, by C. Ross 83\n  Folk Lore:--High Spirits considered a Presage of impending\n    Calamity, by C Forbes 84\n  The Hydro-Incubator, by H. Kersley 84\n  Etymology of the Word \"Parliament\" 85\n   \"Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim,\" by\n    C. Forbes and T. H. Friswell 85\n  A Note of Admiration! 86\n  The Earl of Norwich and his Son George Lord\n    Goring, by CH. and Lord Braybooke 86\n\nQUERIES:--\n  James Carkasse's Lucida Intervalla 87\n  Minor Queries:--Epigrams on the Universities--Lammas'Day--Mother\n  Grey's Apples--Jewish Music--The Plant \"Haemony\"--Ventriloquism--\n    Epigram on Statue of French King--Lux fiat-Hiring of Servants--\n    Book of Homilies--Collar of SS.--Rainbow--Passage in Lucan--William\n    of Wykeham--Richard Baxter's Descendants--Passage in St. Peter--\n    Juicecups--Derivation of \"Yote\" or \"Yeot\"--Pedigree of Greene\n    Family--Family of Love--Sir Gammer Vans 87\n\nREPLIES:--\n  Punishment of Death by Burning 90\n  To give a Man Horns, by C. Forbes and J.E.B. Mayor 90\n  Replies to Minor Queries:--Shipster--Three Dukes--Bishops\n    and their Precedence--Why Moses represented with\n    Horns--Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time--New\n    Edition of Milton--Christian Captives--Borrowed Thoughts--North\n    Sides of Churchyards--Monastery--Churchyards--Epitaphs--Umbrellas--\n    English Translations of Erasmus--Chantrey's Sleeping Children, & c.\n    91\n\nMISCELLANIES:--\n  Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine Service--Error\n    in Winstanley's Loyal Martyrology--Preaching in Nave only 94\n\nMISCELLANEOUS:--\n  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, & c. 95\n  Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 95\n  Notices to Correspondents 95\n  Advertisements 96\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNOTES\n\nFURTHER NOTES ON DERIVATION OF THE WORD \"NEWS\".\n\nWithout being what the Germans would call a _purist_, I cannot deem it\nan object of secondary importance to defend the principles of the law\nand constitution of the English language. For the adoption of words we\nhave no rule; and we act just as our convenience or necessity dictates:\nbut in their formation we must strictly conform to the laws we find\nestablished. Your correspondents C.B. and A.E.B. (Vol. ii., p. 23.) seem\nto me strangely to misconceive the real point at issue between us. To a\nquestion by the latter, why I should attempt to derive \"News\" indirectly\nfrom a German adjective, I answer, because in its transformation into a\nGerman noun declined as an adjective, it gives the form which I contend\nno English process will give. The rule your correspondents deduce from\nthis, neither of them, it appears, can understand. As I am not certain\nthat their deduction is a correct one, I beg to express it in my own\nwords as follows:--There is no such process known to the English\nlanguage as the formation of a noun-singular out of an adjective by the\naddition of \"_s_\": neither is there any process known by which a\nnoun-plural can be formed from an adjective, without the previous\nformation of the singular in the same sense; except in such cases as\n\"the rich, the poor, the noble,\" &c., where the singular form is used in\na plural sense. C.B. instances \"goods, the shallows, blacks, for\nmourning, greens.\" To the first of these I have already referred;\n\"shallow\" is unquestionably a noun-singular; and to the remaining\ninstances the following remarks will apply.\n\nAs it should be understood that my argument applies solely to the\n_English_ language, I think I might fairly take exception to a string of\ninstances with which A.E.B. endeavours to refute me from a vocabulary of\na language very expressive, no doubt, yet commonly called \"slang\". The\nwords in question are not English: I never use them myself, nor do I\nrecognise the right or necessity for any one else to do so; and I might,\nindeed, deem this a sufficient answer. But the fact is that the language\nin some degree is losing its instincts, and liberties are taken with it\nnow that it would not have allowed in its younger days. Have we not seen\nparticipial adjectives made from nouns? I shall therefore waive my\nobjection, and answer by saying that there is no analogy between the\ninstances given and the case in point. They are, one and all, elliptical\nexpressions signifying \"black clothes, green vegetables, tight\npantaloons, heavy dragoons, odd chances,\" &c. \"Blacks\" and \"whites\" are\nnot in point, the singular of either being quite as admissible as the\nplural. The rule, if it be worth while to lay down a rule for the\nformation of such vulgarisms, appears to be {82} that characteristic\nadjective, in constant conjunction with a noun in common use, may be\nused alone, the noun being understood. Custom has limited in some\nmeasure the use of these abridged titles to classes or collective\nbodies, and the adjective takes the same form that the noun itself would\nhave had; but, in point of fact, it would be just as good English to say\n\"a heavy\" as \"the heavies\" and they all become unintelligible when we\nlose sight of the noun to which they belong. If A.E.B. should assert\nthat a glass of \"cold without,\" _because_, by those accustomed to\nindulge in such potations, it was understood to mean \"brandy and _cold_\nwater, _without_ sugar,\" was really a draught from some \"well of purest\nEnglish undefil'd,\" the confusion of ideas could not be more complete.\n\nIndeed, I very much doubt whether our word \"News\" contains the idea of\n\"new\" at all. It is used with us to mean intelligence and the phrases,\n\"Is there any thing new?\" and \"Is there any news?\" present, in my\nopinion, two totally distinct ideas to the English mind in its ordinary\nmechanical action. \"Intelligence\" is not necessarily \"new\", nor indeed\nis \"News:\" in the oldest dictionary I possess, Baret's _Alvearie_, 1573,\nI find \"Olde newes or stale newes.\" A.E.B. is very positive that \"news\"\nis plural, and he cites the \"Cardinal of York\" to prove it. All that I\ncan say is, that I think the Cardinal of York was wrong: and A.E.B.\nthought so too, when his object was not to confound me, as may be seen\nby his own practice in bloc concluding paragraph of his\ncommunication:--\"The _newes_ WAS of the victory,\" &c. The word \"means,\"\non the other hand, is beyond all dispute plural. What says Shakspeare?\n\n  \"Yet nature is made letter by no mean\n  But nature makes that mean.\"\n\nThe plural was formed by the addition of \"_s_:\" yet from the infrequent\nuse of the word except in the plural, the singular form has become\nobsolete, and the same form applies now to both numbers. Those who would\napply this reasoning to \"News,\" forget that there is the slight\ndifficulty of the absence of the _noun_ \"new\" to start from.\n\nI do not feel bound to furnish proof of so obvious a fact, that many of\nthe most striking similarities in language are mere coincidences. Words\nderived from the same root, and retaining the same meaning, frequently\npresent the most dissimilar appearance, as \"ev\u00eaque\" and \"bishop;\" and\nthe most distant roots frequently meet in the same word. When your\ncorrespondents, therefore, remind me that there is a French word,\n_noise_, I must remind them that it contains not one element of our\nEnglish word. Richardson gives the French word, but evidently discards\nit, preferring the immediate derivation from \"_noy_, that which noies or\nannoys.\" I confess I do not understand his argument; but it was\nreferring to this that I said that our only known process would make a\nplural noun of it. I have an impression that I have met with \"annoys\"\nused by poetical license for \"annoyances.\"\n\n\"Noise\" has never been used in the sense of the French word in this\ncountry. If derived immediately from the French, it is hardly probable\nthat it should so entirely have lost every particle of its original\nmeaning. With us it is either _a loud sound_, or _fame, report, rumour_,\nbeing in this sense rendered in the Latin by the same two words, _fama,\nrumor_, as News. The former sense is strictly consequential to the\nlatter, which I believe to be the original signification, as shown in\nits use in the following passages:--\n\n  \"At the same time it was noised abroad in the realme\"\n\n_Holinshed_.\n\n  Cleopatra, catching but the least noise of this, dies\n  instantly.\n\n_Ant. and Cleo._, Act i. Sc. 2.\n\n  _Cre_. What was his cause of anger?\n  _Ser_. The noise goes, this.\n\n_Troil. and Cres._, Act. i. Sc. 2.\n\nWhether I or your correspondents be right, will remain perhaps for ever\ndoubtful; but the flight that can discover a relationship between this\nword and another pronounced[1] as nearly the same as the two languages\nwill admit of, and which gives at all events one sense, if not, as I\nthink, the primary one, is scarcely so eccentric as that which finds the\norigin of a word signifying a loud sound, and fame, or rumor, in\n\"nisus\"; not even _struggle_, in the sense of _contention_, an endeavour\nan effort, a strain.\n\nSAMUEL HICKSON.\n\nSt. John's Wood, June 15, 1850.\n\n[Footnote 1: I do not think it necessary, here, to defend my\npronunciation of German; the expressions I now use being sufficient for\nthe purpose of my argument. I passed over CH.'s observation on this\nsubject, because it did not appear to me to touch the question.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMORE BORROWED THOUGHTS.\n\n  O many are the poets that are sown\n  By nature men endowed with highest gifts,\n  The vision and the facility divine,\n  Yet wanting the accomplishment of verse,\n  Nor having e'er, as life advanced, been led\n  by circumstance to take the height,\n  The measure of themselves, &c.\n\nWordsworth's _Excursion_, B. i.\n\nThis admired passage has its prototype in the following from the\n_Lettere di Battista Guarini_, who points to a thought of similar kind\nin Dante:--\n\n\"O quante nolili ingegni si perdono che riuscerebbe mirabili [in poesia]\nse dal seguir le inchinazione loro non fossero, \u00f2 d\u00e0 loro appetiti \u00f2 da\ni Padri loro sviati.\"\n\nColeridge, in his _Bibliographia Literaria_, 1st ed., vol. i. p. 28.,\nrelates a story of some one who desired {83} to be introduced to him,\nbut hesitated because he asserted that he had written an epigram on \"The\nAncient Mariner,\" which Coleridge had himself written and inserted in\n_The Morning Post_, to this effect:--\n\n  \"Your poem must eternal be\n  Dear Sir! it cannot fail;\n  For 'tis incomprehensible,\n  And without head or tail.\"\n\nThis was, however, only a Gadshill robbery,--stealing stolen goods. The\nfollowing epigram is said to be by Mr. Hole, in a MS. collection made by\nSpence (penes me), and it appeared first in print in _Terr\u00e6 Filius_,\nfrom whence Dr. Salter copied it in his _Confusion worse Confounded_, p.\n88:--\n\n  \"Thy verses are eternal, O my friend!\n  For he who reads them, reads them to no end.\"\n\nIn _The Crypt_, a periodical published by the late Rev. P. Hall, vol. i.\np. 30., I find the following attributed to Coleridge, but I know not on\nwhat authority, as it does not appear among his collected poems:--\n\nJOB'S LUCK, BY S. T. COLERIDGE, ESQ.\n\n    \"Sly Beelzebub took all occasions\n    To try Job's constancy and patience;\n    He took his honours, took his health,\n    He took his children, took his wealth,\n    His camels, horses, asses, cows,--\n  Still the sly devil did not take his spouse.\n    \"But heav'n, that brings out good from evil,\n    And likes to disappoint the devil,\n    Had predetermined to restore\n    Two-fold of all Job had before,\n    His children, camels, asses, cows,--\n  Short-sighted devil, not to take his spouse.\"\n\nThis is merely an amplified version of the 199th epigram of the 3d Book\nof Owen:\n\n  \"Divitias Jobo, sobolemque, ipsamque salutem\n    Abstulit (hoc Domino non prohibens) Satan.\n  Omnibus ablatis, miser\u00f2, tamen una superstes,\n    Quae magis afflictum redderet, uxor erat.\"\n\nOf this there are several imitations in French, three of which are given\nin the _Epigrammes Choisies d'Owen_, par M. de Kerivalant, published by\nLabouisse at Lyons in 1819.\n\nS.W. SINGER.\n\nMickleham, 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSTRANGERS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 17.)\n\nAs far as my observation extends, i.e. the last thirty-one years, no\nalteration has taken place in the practice of the House of Commons with\nrespect to the admission of strangers. In 1844 the House adopted the\nusual sessional order regarding strangers, which I transcribe, inserting\nwithin brackets the only material words added by Mr. Christie in 1845:--\n\n    \"That the Serjeant-at-Arms attending this house do, from time to\n    time, take into his custody any stranger or strangers that he\n    shall see or be informed of to be in the house or gallery\n    [appropriated to the members of this house, and also any\n    stranger who, having been admitted into any other part of the\n    house or gallery, shall misconduct himself, or shall not\n    withdraw when strangers are directed to withdraw] while the\n    House or any committee of the whole House is sitting, and that\n    no person so taken into custody be discharged out of custody\n    without the special order of the House.\n\n    \"That no member of the House do presume to bring any stranger or\n    strangers into the house, or the gallery thereof, while the\n    House is sitting.\"\n\nThis order appears to have been framed at a time when there was no\nseparate gallery exclusively appropriated to strangers, and when they\nwere introduced by members into the gallery of what is called the \"body\nof the house.\" This state of things had passed away: and for a long\nseries of years strangers had been admitted to a gallery in the House of\nCommons in the face of the sessional order, by which your correspondent\nCH. imagines their presence was \"absolutely prohibited.\"\n\nWhen I speak of strangers being admitted, it must not be supposed that\nthis was done by order of the House. No, every thing relating to the\nadmission of strangers to, and their accommodation in the House of\nCommons, is effected by some mysterious agency for which no one is\ndirectly responsible. Mr. Barry has built galleries for strangers in the\nnew house; but if the matter were made a subject of inquiry, it probably\nwould puzzle him to state under what authority he has acted.\n\nMr. Christie wished to make the sessional order applicable to existing\ncircumstances; and, it may be, he desired to draw from the House a\ndirect sanction for the admission of strangers. In the latter purpose,\nhowever, if he ever entertained it, he failed. The wording of his\namendment is obscure, but necessarily so. The word \"gallery,\" as\nemployed by him, can only refer to the gallery appropriated to members\nof the House; but he intended it to apply to the strangers' gallery. The\norder should have run thus, \"admitted into any other part of the house,\nor into the gallery appropriated to strangers;\" but Mr. Christie well\nknew that the House would not adopt those words, because they contain an\nadmission that strangers _are_ present whilst the House is sitting,\nwhereas it is a parliamentary fiction that they are _not_. If a member\nin debate should inadvertently allude to the possibility of his\nobservations being heard by a stranger, the Speaker would immediately\ncall him to order; yet at other times the right honourable gentleman\nwill listen complacently to discussions {84} arising out of the\ncomplaints of members that strangers will not publish to the world all\nthat they hear pass in debate. This is one of the consistencies\nresulting from the determination of the House not expressly to recognise\nthe presence of strangers; but, after all, I am not aware that any\npractical inconvenience flows from it. The non-reporting strangers\noccupy a gallery at the end of the house immediately opposite the\nSpeaker's chair; but the right hon. gentleman, proving the truth of the\nsaying, \"None so blind as he who will not see,\" never perceives them\nuntil just as a division is about to take place, when he invariably\norders them to withdraw. When a member wishes to exclude strangers he\naddresses the Speaker, saying, \"I think, Sir, I see a stranger or\nstrangers in the house,\" whereupon the Speaker instantly directs\nstrangers to withdraw. The Speaker issues his order in these\nwords:--\"Strangers must withdraw.\"\n\nC. Ross.\n\n_Strangers in the House of Commons_.--As a rider to the notice of CH. in\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" it may be well to quote for correction the\nfollowing remarks in a clever article in the last _Edinburgh Review_, on\nMr. Lewis' _Authority in Matters of Opinion_. The Reviewer says (p.\n547.):--\n\n\"_This practice_ (viz., of publishing the debates in the House of\nCommons) _which, &c., is not merely unprotected by law--it is positively\nillegal_. Even the presence of auditors is a violation of the standing\norders of the House.\"\n\nED. S. JACKSON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_High Spirits considered a Presage of impending Calamity or Death_:--\n\n  1. \"How oft when men are at the point of death\n  Have they been merry! which their keepers call\n  A lightning before death.\"\n\n_Romeo and Juliet_, Act v. Sc. 3.\n\n2. \"C'\u00e9tait le jour de Noel [1759]. Je m'\u00e9tais lev\u00e9 d'assez bonne heure,\net avec une humeur plus gaie que de coutume. Dans les id\u00e9es de vieille\nfemme, cela pr\u00e9sage toujours quelque chose do triste.... Pour cette fois\npourtunt le hasard justifia la croyance.\"--_M\u00e9moires de J. Casanova_,\nvol. iii p. 29.\n\n3. \"Upon Saturday last ... the Duke did rise up, in a well-disposed\nhumour, out of his bed, and cut a caper or two.... Lieutenant Felton\nmade a thrust with a common tenpenny knife, over Fryer's arm at the\nDuke, which lighted so fatally, that he slit his heart in two, leaving\nthe knife sticking in the body.\"--_Death of Duke of Buckingham_; Howell.\n_Fam. Letters_, Aug. 5, 1628.\n\n4. \"On this fatal evening [Feb. 20, 1435], the revels of the court were\nkept up to a late hour ... the prince himself appears to have been in\nunusually gay and cheerful spirits. He even jested, if we may believe\nthe cotemporary manuscript, about a prophecy which had declared that a\nking should that year be slain.\"--_Death of King James I_.; Tytler,\n_Hist. Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 306.\n\n5. \"'I think,' said the old gardener to one of the maids, 'the gauger's\n_fie_;' by which word the common people express those violent spirits\nwhich they think a presage of death.\"--_Guy Mannering_, chap. 9.\n\n6. \"H.W.L.\" said: \"I believe the bodies of the four persons seen by the\njury, were those of G.B., W.B., J.B., and T.B. On Friday night they were\nall very merry, and Mrs. B. said she feared something would happen\nbefore they went to bed, because they were so happy.\"--_Evidence given\nat inquest on bodies of four persons killed by explosion of\nfirework-manufactory in Bermondsey_, Friday, Oct. 12, 1849. See _Times_,\nOct. 17, 1849.\n\nNos. 1, 2, 5, 6, are evidently notices of the Belief; Nos. 3, 4, are\n\"what you will.\" Many of your correspondents may be able to supply\nearlier and more curious illustrations.\n\nC. FORBES\n\nJune 19.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE HYDRO-INCUBATOR.\n\nMost, if not all, of your readers have heard of the newly-invented\nmachine for hatching and rearing in chickens, without the maternal aid\nof the hen; probably many of them have paid a visit (and a _shilling_)\nat No. 4. Leicester Square, where the incubator is to be seen in full\noperation. The following extract will, therefore, be acceptable, as it\ntends to show the truth of the inspired writer's words, \"There is no new\nthing under the sun:\"--\n\n    \"Therefore ... it were well we made our remarks in some\n    creatures, that might be continually in our power, to observe in\n    them the course of nature, every day and hour. Sir _John\n    Heydon_, the Lieutenant of his Majesties Ordnance (that generous\n    and knowing gentleman and consummate souldier, both in theory\n    and practice) was the first that instructed me how to do this,\n    by means of a furnace, so made as to imitate the warmth of a\n    sitting hen. In which you may lay several eggs to hatch and by\n    breaking them at several ages, you may distinctly observe every\n    hourly mutation in them, if you please. The first will be, that\n    on one side you shall find a great resplendent clearness in the\n    white. After a while, a little spot of red matter, like blood\n    will appear in the midst of that clearness, fast'ned to the\n    yolk, which will have a motion of opening and shutting, so as\n    sometimes you will see it, and straight again it will vanish\n    from your sight, and indeed, at first it is so little that you\n    cannot see it, but by the motion of it; for at every pulse, as\n    it opens you may see it, and immediately again it shuts, in such\n    sort as it is not to be discerned. From this red speck, after a\n    while, there will stream out a number of little (almost\n    imperceptible) red veins. At the end of some of which, in time,\n    there will be gathered together a knot of matter, which by\n    little and little will take the form of a head and you will, ere\n    long, begin to discern eyes and a beak in it. All this while the\n    first red spot of blood grows bigger and solider, till at length\n    it becomes {85} a fleshy substance, and, by its figure, may easily\n    be discern'd to be the heart; which as yet hath no other inclosure\n    but the substance of the egg. But by little and little, the rest\n    of the body of an animal is framed out of those red veins which\n    stream out all about from the heart. And in process of time,\n    that body encloses the heart within it by the chest, which grows\n    over on both sides, and in the end meets and closes itself fast\n    together. After which this little creature soon fills the shell,\n    by converting into several parts of itself all the substance of\n    the egg; and then growing weary of so strait a habitation, it\n    breaks prison and comes out a perfectly formed chicken.\"--Sir\n    Kenelm Digby's _Treatise of Bodies_, Ch. xxiv. p. 274. ed. 1669.\n\nCould Sir Kenelm return to the scenes of this upper world, and pay a\nvisit to Mr. Cantelo's machine, his shade might say with truthfulness,\nwhat Horace Smith's mummy answered to his questioner,--\n\n  \"--We men of yore\n  Were versed in all the knowledge you can mention.\"\n\nThe operations of the two machines appear to be precisely the same: the\nonly difference being the Sir Kenelm's was an experimental one, made for\nthe purpose of investigating the process of nature; while Cantelo's, in\naccordance with \"the spirit of the iron time,\" is a practical one, made\nfor the purposes of utility and profit. Sir Kenelm's Treatise appears to\nhave been first published in the year 1644.\n\nHENRY KERSLEY.\n\nCorpus Christi Hall, Maidstone.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD \"PARLIAMENT.\"\n\nIt has been observed by a learned annotator on the _Commentaries of\nBlackstone_, that, \"no inconsiderable pains have been bestowed in\nanalysing the word 'Parliament;'\" and after adducing several amusing\ninstances of the attempts that have been made (and those too by men of\nthe most recondite learning) to arrive at its true radical properties,\nhe concludes his remarks by observing that\n\n    \"'Parliament' imported originally nothing more than a council or\n    conference, and that the termination '_ment_,' in parliament,\n    has no more signification than it has in _impeachment_,\n    _engagement_, _imprisonment_, _hereditament_, and ten thouand\n    others of the same nature.\"\n\nHe admits, however, that the civilians have, in deriving testament from\n_testari mentem_, imparted a greater significance to the termination\n\"ment.\" Amidst such diversity of opinion, I am emboldened to offer a\nsolution of the word \"Parliament,\" which, from its novelty alone, if\npossessing no better qualification, may perhaps recommend itself to the\nconsideration of your readers. In my humble judgment, all former\netymologists of the word appear to have stumbled _in limine_, for I\nwould suggest that its compounds are \"_palam_\" and \"_mens_.\"\n\nWith the Romans there existed a law that in certain cases the verdict of\nthe jury might be given CLAM VEL PALAM, viz., _privily_ or _openly_, or\nin other words, by _tablet_ or _ballot_, or by _voices_. Now as the\nessence of a Parliament or council of the people was its representative\ncharacter, and as secrecy would be inconsistent with such a character,\nit was doubtless a _sine qu\u00e2 non_ that its proceedings should be\nconducted \"_palam_,\" in an open manner. The absence of the letter \"_r_\"\nmay possibly be objected to, but a moment's reflection will cast it into\nthe shade, the classical pronunciation of the word _palam_ being the\nsame as if spelt _PARlam_; and the illiterate state of this country when\nthe word Parliament was first introduced would easily account for a\n_phonetic_ style of orthography. The words enumerated by Blackstone's\nannotator are purely of English composition, and have no _correspondent_\nin the dead languages; whilst _testament_, _sacrament_, _parliament_,\nand many others, are Latin words Anglicised by dropping the termination\n\"_um_\"--a great distinction as regards the relative value of words,\nwhich the learned annotator seems to have overlooked. \"_Mentum_\" is\ndoubtless the offspring of \"_mens_\", signifying the mind, thought,\ndeliberation, opinion; and as we find \"_palam populo_\" to mean \"_in the\nsight of the people_,\" so, without any great stretch of imagination, may\nwe interpret \"_palam mente_\" into \"_freedom of thought or of\ndeliberation_\" or \"_an open expression of opinion_:\" the essential\nqualities of a representative system, and which our ancestors have been\ncareful to hand down to posterity in a word, viz., _Parliament_.\n\nFRANCISCUS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"INCIDIS IN SCYLLAM, CUPIENS VITARE CHARYBDIM.\"\n\nI should be sorry to see this fine old _proverb in metaphor_ passed over\nwith no better notice than that which seems to have been assigned to it\nin Boswell's _Johnson_.\n\nErasmophilos, a correspondent of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ in 1774,\nquotes a passage from Dr. Jortin's _Life of Erasmus_, vol. ii. p. 151.,\nwhich supplies the following particulars, viz.:--\n\n1. That the line was first discovered by Galeottus Martius of Narni,\nA.D. 1476.\n\n2. That it is in lib. v. 301. of the \"Alexandreis,\" a poem in _ten_\nbooks, by Philippe Gualtier (commonly called \"de Chatillon,\" though in\nreality a native of Lille, in Flanders).\n\n3. That the context of the passage in which it occurs is as follows:--\n\n      \"-- Quo tendis inertem\n  Rex periture, fugam? Nescis, heu perdite, nescis\n  Quem fugias: hostes incurris dum fugis hostem.\n  Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim.\"\n\nwhere the poet apostrophises Darius, who, while {86} flying from\nAlexander, fell into the lands of Bessus. (See _Selections from Gent.\nMag_. vol. ii. p. 199. London, 1814.)\n\nC. FORBES.\n\nThis celebrated Latin verse, which has become proverbial, has a very\nobscure authority, probably not known to many of your readers. It is\nfrom Gualtier de Lille, as has been remarked by Galeottus Martius and\nPaquier in their researches. This Gualtier flourished in the thirteenth\ncentury. The verse is extracted from a poem in ten books, called the\n\"Alexandriad,\" and it is the 301st of the 5th book; it relates to the\nfate of Darius, who, flying from Alexander, fell into the hands of\nBessus. It runs thus:--\n\n  \"-- Quo flectis inertem\n  Rex periture, fugam? Nescis, heu perdite, nescis,\n  Quem fugias; hostes incurris dum fugis hostem;\n  _Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim_\"\n\nAs honest JOHN BUNYAN, to his only bit of Latin which he quotes, places\na marginal note: \"The Latin which I borrow,\"--a very honest way; so I I\nbeg to say that I never saw this \"Alexandriad,\" and that the above is an\nexcerpt from _Menagiana_, pub. 1715, edited by Bertrand de la Monnoie,\nwherein may also be found much curious reading and research.\n\nJAMES H. FRISWELL.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nA NOTE OF ADMIRATION!\n\nSir Walter Scott, in a letter to Miss Johanna Baillie, dated October 12,\n1825, (Lockhart's _Life of Sir W. S._, vol. vi. p. 82.), says,--\n\n    \"I well intended to have written from Ireland, but alas! as some\n    stern old divine says, 'Hell is paved with good intentions.'\n    There was such a whirl of laking, and boating, and wondering,\n    and shouting, and laughing, and carousing--\" [He alludes to his\n    visiting among the Westmoreland and Cumberland lakes on his way\n    home, especially] \"so much to be seen, and so little time to see\n    it; so much to be heard, and only two ears to listen to twenty\n    voices, that upon the whole I grew desperate, and gave up all\n    thoughts of doing what was right and proper on post-days, and so\n    all my epistolary good intentions are gone to Macadamise, I\n    suppose, 'the burning marle' of the infernal regions.\"\n\nHow easily a showy absurdity is substituted for a serious truth, and\ntaken for granted to be the right sense. Without having been there, I\nmay venture to affirm that \"Hell is _not_ paved with good intentions,\nsuch things being _all lost or dropt on the way_ by travellers who reach\nthat bourne;\" for, where \"Hope never comes,\" \"good intentions\" cannot\nexist any more than they can be formed, since to fulfil them were\nimpossible. The authentic and emphatical figure in the saying is, \"The\n_road_ to hell is paved with good intentions;\" and it was uttered by the\n\"stern old divine,\" whoever he might be, as a warning _not_ to let \"good\nintentions\" miscarry for want of being realized at the time and upon the\nspot. The moral, moreover, is manifestly this, that people may be going\nto hell with \"the best intentions in the world,\" substituting all the\nwhile _well-meaning_ for _well-doing_.\n\nJ.M.G\n\nHallamshire.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE EARL OF NORWICH AND HIS SON GEORGE LORD GORING.\n\nAs in small matters accuracy is of vital consequence, let me correct a\nmistake which I made, writing in a hurry, in my last communication about\nthe two Gorings (Vol. ii., p. 65.). The Earl of Norwich was not under\nsentence of death, as is there stated, on January 8, 1649. He was then a\nprisoner: he was not tried and sentenced till March.[2]\n\nThe following notice of the son's quarrels with his brother cavaliers\noccurs in a letter printed in Carte's bulky appendix to his bulky _Life\nof the Duke of Ormond_. As this is an unread book, you may think it\nworth while to print the passage, which is only confirmatory of\nClarendon's account of the younger Goring's proceedings in the West of\nEngland in 1645. The letter is from Arthur Trevor to Ormond, and dated\nLaunceston, August 18, 1645.\n\n    \"Mr. Goring's army is broken and all his men in disorder. He\n    hates the council here, and I find plainly there is no love\n    lost; they fear he will seize on the Prince, and he, that they\n    will take him: what will follow hereupon may be foretold,\n    without the aid of the wise woman on the bank. Sir John\n    Colepeper was at Court lately to remove him, to the discontent\n    of many. In short, the war is at an end in the West; each one\n    looks for a ship, and nothing more.\n\n    \"Lord Digby and Mr. Goring are not friends; Prince Rupert yet\n    goes with Mr. Goring, but how long that will hold, I dare not\n    undertake, knowing both their constitutions.\"\n\nIt will be observed that the writer of the letter, though a cavalier,\nhere calls him _Mr. Goring_, when as his father was created Earl of\nNorwich in the previous year, he was _Lord Goring_ in cavalier\nacceptation.\n\nHe is indiscriminately called Mr. Goring and Lord Goring in passages of\nletters by cavaliers relating to the campaign in the West of 1645, which\noccur in Carte's _Collection of Letters_ (vol. i. pp. 59, 60. 81. 86.).\n\nA number of letters about the son, Lord Goring's proceedings in the West\nin 1645 are printed in the third volume of Mr. Lister's _Life of Lord\nClarendon_.\n\nThe Earl of Norwich's second son, Charles, who afterwards succeeded as\nsecond earl, commanded a {87} brigade under his brother in the West in\n1645. (Bulstrode's _Memoirs_, p. 142.; Carte's _Letters_, i. 116. 121.)\n\nSome account of the father, Earl of Norwich's operations against the\nparliament in Essex in 1648, is given in a curious autobiography of\nArthur Wilson, the author of the _History of James I_., which is printed\nin Peck's _Desiderata Curiosa_, book xi. part 5. Wilson was living at\nthe time in Essex.\n\nAn interesting fragment of a letter from Goring the son to the Earl of\nDorset, written apparently as he was on the point of retiring into\nFrance, and dated Pondesfred, January 26, 1646, is printed in Mr. Eliot\nWarburton's _Memoirs of Prince Rupert_, iii. 215.\n\nMr. Warburton, by the way, clearly confounds the father with the son\nwhen he speaks of the Earl of Norwich's trial and reprieve (iii. 408.).\nThree letters printed in Mr. W.'s second volume (pp. 172. 181, 182.),\nand signed \"Goring\", are probably letters of the father's, but given by\nMr. Warburton to the son.\n\nI perceive also that Mr. Bell, the editor of the lately published\n_Fairfax Correspondence_, has not avoided confusion between the father\nand son. In the first volume of the correspondence relating to the civil\nwar (p. 281.), the editor says, under date January, 1646,--\n\n    \"Lord Hopton in the meanwhile has been appointed to the command\n    in Cornwall, superseding Goring. Also has been sent off on\n    several negociations to France.\"\n\n    Goring went off to France on his own account; his father was at that\n    time Charles I.'s ambassador at the court of France.\n\nI should like to know the year in which a letter of Goring the son's,\nprinted by Mr. Bell in vol. i. p. 23., was written, if it can be\nascertained. As printed, it is dated \"Berwick, June 22.\" Is _Berwick_\nright? Is there a bath there? The letter is addressed to Sir Constantine\nHuygens, and in it is this passage--\n\n    \"I have now my lameness so much renewed that I cannot come to\n    clear myself; as soon as the bath has restored me to my\n    strength, I shall employ it in his Highness's service, if he\n    please to let me return into the same place of his favour that I\n    thought myself happy in before.\"\n\nI should expect that this letter was written from France after Goring's\nabrupt retreat into that country. It is stated that the letter comes\nfrom Mr. Bentley's collection.\n\nThe Earl of Norwich was in Flanders in November 1569, and accompanied\nthe Dukes of York and Gloucester from Brussels to Breda. (Carte's\n_Letters_, ii. 282.)\n\nCH.\n\nIf the following account of the Goring family given by Banks (_Dormant\nand Extinct Peerage_, vol. iii. p. 575.) is correct, it will appear that\nthe father and both his sons were styled at different times. \"Lord\nGoring,\" and that they may very easily be distinguished.\n\n    \"George Goring, of Hurstpierpont, Sussex, the son of George\n    Goring, and Anne his wife, sister to Edward Lord Denny,\n    afterwards Earl of Norwich, was created Baron Goring in the\n    fourth of Charles I., and in the xx'th of the same reign\n    advanced to the earldom of Norwich, which had become extinct by\n    the death of his maternal uncle above-mentioned, S.P.M.\n\n    \"He betrayed Portsmouth, of which he was governor, to the king,\n    and rendered him many other signal services. He married Mary,\n    one of the daughters of Edward Nevill, vi'th Baron of\n    Abergavenny, and had issue four daughters, and two sons, the\n    eldest of whom, George, was an eminent commander for Charles I.,\n    and best _known as 'General Goring_,' and who, after the loss of\n    the crown to his royal master, retired to the Continent, and\n    served with credit as lieutenant-general to the King of Spain.\n    He married Lettice, daughter of Richard Earl of Cork, and died\n    abroad, S.P., in _the lifetime of his father_, who survived till\n    1662, and was succeeded by _his only remaining son_, Charles\n    Lord Goring, and second Earl of Norwich, with whom, as he left\n    no issue by his wife, daughter of ---- Leman, and widow of Sir\n    Richard Beker, all his honours became extinct in 1672. He was\n    unquestionably the Lord Goring noticed by Pepys as returning to\n    England in 1660, and not the old peer his father, who, if\n    described by any title, would have been styled 'Earl of\n    Norwich.'\"\n\nBRAYBROOKE.\n\nJuly 1, 1850.\n\n[Footnote 2: Let me also correct a misprint. Banks, the author of the\n_Dormant and Extinct Perrage_, is misprinted Burke.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQUERIES\n\nJAMES CARKASSE'S LUCIDA INTERVALLA, AN ILLUSTRATION OF PEPYS' DIARY.\n\nI met lately with a quarto volume of poems printed at London in 1679,\nentitled:\n\n    \"_Lucida Intevalla_ containing divers miscellaneous Poems\n    written at Finsbury and Bethlem, by the Doctor's Patient\n    Extraordinary.\"\n\nOn the title-page was written in an old hand the native of the \"patient\nextraordinary\" and author _James Carkasse_, and that of the \"doctor\"\n_Thomas Allen_. A little reading convinced me that the writer was a very\nfit subject for a lunatic asylum; but at page 5, I met with an allusion\nto the celebrated Mr. Pepys, which I will beg to quote:--\n\n  \"Get thee behind me then, dumb devil, begone,\n  The Lord hath eppthatha said to my tongue,\n  Him I must praise who open'd hath my lips,\n  Sent me from Navy, to the Ark, by Pepys;\n  By Mr. Pepys, who hath my rival been\n  For the Duke's[3] favour, more than years thirteen;\n  But I excluded, he high and fortunate,\n  This Secretary I could never mate; {88}\n  But Clerk of th' Acts, if I'm a parson, then\n  I shall prevail, the voice outdoes the pen;\n  Though in a gown, this challenge I may make,\n  And wager win, save if you can, your stake.\n  To th' Admiral I all submit, and vail--\"\n\nThe book from which I extract is _cropped_, so that the last line is\nillegible. Can the noble editor of Pepys' _Diary_, or any of your\nreaders, inform me who and what was this Mr. James Carkasse?\n\nW.B.R.\n\n[Footnote 3: The Duke of York, afterwards James II.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMINOR QUERIES.\n\n_Epigrams on the Universities_.--There are two clever epigrams on the\ncircumstance, I believe, of Charles I. sending a troop of horse to one\nof the universities, about the same time that he presented some books to\nthe other.\n\nThe sting of the first, if I recollect right, is directed against the\nuniversity to which the books were sent, the king--\n\n  \"--right well discerning,\n  How much that loyal body wanted learning.\"\n\nThe reply which this provoked, is an attack on the other university, the\ninnuendo being that the troops were sent there--\n\n  \"Because that learned body wanted loyalty.\"\n\nI quote from memory.\n\nCan any of your readers, through the medium of your valuable paper,\nfavour me with the correct version of the epigrams, and with the\nparticular circumstances which gave rise to them?\n\nJ. SWANN.\n\nNorwich.\n\n_Lammas Day_.--Why was the 1st of August called \"Lammas Day?\" Two\ndefinitions are commonly given to the word \"Lammas.\" 1. That it may mean\n_Loaf-mass_. 2. That it may be a word having some allusion to St. Peter,\nas the patron of _Lambs_.\n\nO'Halloran, however, in his _History of Ireland_, favours us with\nanother definition; upon the value of which I should be glad of the\nopinion of some of your learned contributors. Speaking of Lughaidh, he\nsays:--\n\n    \"From this prince the month of August was called Lughnas\n    (Lunas), from which the English adopted the name _Lammas_, for\n    the 1st day of August.\"\n\nJ. SANSOM.\n\n_Mother Grey's Apples_.--At the time I was a little girl,--you will not,\nI am sure, be ungallant enough to inquire when that was, when I tell you\nI am now a woman,--I remember that the nursery maid, whose duty it was\nto wait upon myself and sisters, invariably said, if she found us out of\ntemper--\"So, so! young ladies, you are in the sulks, eh? Well, sulk\naway; you'll be like 'Mother Grey's apples,' you'll be sure to come\nround again.\" We often inquired, on the return of fine weather, who\nMother Grey was, and what were the peculiar circumstances of the apples\ncoming round?--questions, however, which were always evaded. Now, as the\nservant was a Cambridge girl, and had a brother a _gyp_, or bedmaker, at\none of the colleges, besides her uncle keeping the tennis court there, I\nhave often thought there must have been some college legend or tradition\nin Alma Mater, of Mother Grey and her apples. Will any of your learned\ncorrespondents, should it happen to fall within their knowledge, take\npity on the natural curiosity of the sex, by furnishing its details?\n\nA.M.\n\n_Jewish Music_.--What was the precise character of the _Jewish music_,\nboth before and after David? And what variety of musical instruments had\nthe Jews?\n\nJ. SANSOM\n\n_The Plant \"Haemony_.\"--Can any of your readers furnish information of,\nor reference to the plant _Haemony_, mentioned in Milton's _Comus_, l.\n638.:--\n\n  \"--a small unsightly root,\n  But of divine effect,...\n  The leaf was darkish, and had prickles on it,\n  But in another country, as he said,\n  _Bore a bright golden flower, but not in this soil:_\n  --More medicinal is it than that Moly,\n  That Hermes once to wise Ulysses gave;\n  He called it _Haemony_, and gave it me,\n  And bade me keep it as of sov'reign use\n  'Gainst all enchantments,\" &c. &c.\n\nThe Moly that Hermes to Ulysses gave, is the wild garlick, [Greek: molu]\nby some thought the wild rue. (_Odyss_. b. x. 1. 302.) It is the [Greek:\nmoluza] of Hippocrates, who recommends it to be eaten as an antidote\nagainst drunkenness. But of _Haemony_ I have been unable to find any\nreference among our ordinary medical authorities, Paulus Aeginata,\nCelsus, Galen, or Dioscorides. A short note of reference would be very\ninstructive to many of the readers of Milton.\n\nJ.M. BASHAM.\n\n17. Chester Street, Belgrave Square.\n\n_Ventriloquism_.--What evidence is there, that _ventriloquism_ was made\nuse of in the ancient oracles? Was the [Greek: pneuma puthonos] (Acts,\nxvi. 16.) an example of the exercise of this art? Was the Witch of Endor\na ventriloquist? or what is meant by the word [Greek: eggastrimuthos] at\nIsai. xix. 3., in the Septuagint?\n\n\"Plutarch informs us,\" says Rollin (_Ancient History_, vol. i. p. 65.),\n\"that the god did not compose the verses of the oracle. He inflamed the\nPythia's imagination, and kindled in her soul that living light which\nunveiled all futurity to her. The words she uttered in the heat of her\nenthusiam, having neither method nor connection, and coming only by\nstarts, to use that expression [Greek: eggastrimuthos] from the bottom\nof her stomach, or rather from her belly, were collected {89} with care\nby the prophets, who gave them afterwards to the poets to be turned into\nverse.\"\n\nIf the Pythian priestess was really a ventriloquist, to what extent was\nshe conscious of the deception she practised?\n\nJ. SANSOM.\n\n_Statue of French King, Epigram on_.--Can any of your readers inform me\nwho was the author of the following epigram, written on the occasion of\nan equestrian statue of a French king attended by the Virtues being\nerected in Paris:--\n\n  \"O la belle statue! O le beau Piedestal!\n  Les Vertus sont \u00e0 pied, le Vice est \u00e0 cheval!\"\n\nAUGUSTINE.\n\n_Lux Fiat_.--Who was the first Christian or Jewish writer by whom _lux\nfiat_ was referred to the creation of the _angels_?\n\nJ. SANSOM.\n\n_Hiring of Servants_.--At Maureuil, in the environs of Abbeville, a\npractice has long existed of hiring servants in the market-place on\nfestival days. I have observed the same custom in various parts of\nEngland, and particularly in the midland counties. Can any of your\ncorrespondents inform me of the origin of this?\n\nW.J.\n\nHavre.\n\n_Book of Homilies_.--Burnet, in his _History of the Reformation in anno\n1542_, says,--\n\n\"A Book of Homilies was printed, in which the Gospels and Epistles of\nall the Sundays and Holidays of the year were set down with a _Homily to\nevery one of these_. To these were also added Sermons upon several\noccasions, as for _Weddings_, _Christenings_, and _Funerals_.\"\n\nCan any learned clerk inform me where a copy of such Homilies can be\nseen?\n\nB.\n\n_Collar of SS_.--Where can we find _much_ about the SS. collar? Is there\nany list extant of persons who were honoured with that badge?\n\nB.\n\n_Rainbow_.--By what heathen poet is the _rainbow_ spoken of as \"risus\nplorantis Olympi?\"\n\nJ. SAMSON.\n\n_Passage in Lucan_.--What parallel passages are there to that of\n_Lucan_:--\n\n  \"Communis mundo superest rogus, ossibus astra\n  Misturus?\"\n\nJ. SAMSON.\n\n_William of Wykeham_.--Is there any better Life of William of Wykeham\nthan the very insufficient one of Bishop Lowth?\n\nWhat were the circumstances of the rise of William of Wykeham,\nrespecting which Lowth is so very scanty and unsatisfactory?\n\nWhere did William of Wykeham get the wealth with which he built and\nendowed New College, Oxon, and St. Mary's, Winchester; and rebuilt\nWinchester Cathedral?\n\nWhat are the present incomes of New College, and St Mary's, Winchester?\n\nIs there a copy of the Statutes of these colleges in the British Museum,\nor in any other public library?\n\nW.H.C.\n\nApril 22, 1850.\n\n_Richard Baxter's Descendants_.--Can any of your correspondents inform\nme of the whereabouts of the descendants of the celebrated Richard\nBaxter? He was a Northamptonshire man, but I think his family removed\ninto some county in the west.\n\nW.H.B.\n\n_Passage in St. Peter_.--Besides the well-known passage in the\n_Tempest_, what _Christian_ writers have used any kindred expression to\n2 Pet. iii. 10.?\n\nJ. SANSOM.\n\n8. Park Place, Oxford, June 1. 1850.\n\n_Juice-cups_.--Is it beneath the dignity of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" to admit\nan inquiry respecting the philosophy and real effect of placing an\ninverted cup in a fruit pie? The question is not about the _object_, but\nwhether that object is, or can be, effected by the means employed.\n\nN.B.\n\nDerivation of \"Yote\" or \"Yeot.\"--What is the derivation of the word\n\"yote\" or \"yeot,\" a term used in Glocestershire and Somersetshire, for\n\"leading in\" iron work to stone?\n\nB.\n\n_Pedigree of Greene Family_.--At Vol. i., p. 200., reference is made to\n\"a fine Pedigree on vellum, of the Greene family, penes T. Wotton, Esq.\"\n\nCan any person inform me who now possesses the said pedigree, or is\nthere a copy of it which may be consulted?\n\nOne John Greene, of Enfield, was clerk to the New River Company: he died\n1705, and was buried at Enfield. He married Elizabeth Myddelton,\ngrand-daughter of Sir Hugh. I wish to find out the birth and parentage\nof the said John Greene and shall be _thankful_, if I may say so much,\nwithout adding too much to the length of my Query.\n\nH.T.E.\n\n_Family of Love_.--Referring to Dr. RIMBAULT'S communication on the\nsubject of this sect (Vol. ii., p. 49.), will you allow me to inquire\nwhether there is any evidence that its members deserved Fuller's severe\ncondemnation? Queen Elizabeth might consider them a \"damnable sect,\" if\nthey were believed to hold heterodox opinions in religion and politics;\nbut were their lives or their writings immoral?\n\nN.B.\n\n_Sir Gammer Vans_.--Can any one give any account of a comic story about\none \"_Sir Gammer Vans_,\" of whom, amongst other absurdities, it is said\n\"_that his aunt was a justice of peace, and his sister a captain of\nhorse_\"? It is alluded to somewhere {90} in Swift's _Letters_ or\n_Miscellanies_; and I was told by a person whose recollection, added to\nmy own, goes back near a hundred years, that it was supposed to be a\n_political satire_, and may have been of Irish origin, as I think there\nis some allusion to it in one of Goldsmith's plays or essays.\n\nC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPLIES\n\nPUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING.\n\nProbably some of the readers of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" will share in the\nsurprise expressed by E.S.S.W. (Vol. ii., p. 6.), yet many persons now\nliving must remember when spectacles such as he alludes to were by no\nmeans uncommon. An examination of the newspapers and other periodicals\nof the latter half of the eighteenth century would supply numerous\ninstances in which the punishment of strangling and burning was\ninflicted; as well in cases of petit treason, for the murder of a\nhusband, as more frequently in cases of coining, which, as the law then\nstood, was one species of high treason. I had collected a pretty long\nlist from the _Historical Chronicle_ in the earlier volumes of the\n_Gentleman's Magazine_, but thought it scarcely of sufficient importance\nto merit insertion in \"NOTES AND QUERIES.\" Perhaps, however, the\nfollowing extracts may possess some interest: one as showing the manner\nin which executions of this kind were latterly performed in London, and\nthe other as apparently furnishing an instance of later date than that\nwhich Mr. Ross considers the last in which this barbarous punishment was\ninflicted. The first occurs in the 56th vol. of the Magazine, Part 1. P.\n524., under the date of the 21st June, 1786--\n\n    \"This morning, the malefactors already mentioned were all\n    executed according to their sentence. About a quarter of an hour\n    after the platform had dropped, Phoebe Harris, the female\n    convict, was led by two officers to a stake about eleven feet\n    high, fixed in the ground, near the top of which was an inverted\n    curve made of irons, to which one end of a halter was tied. The\n    prisoner stood on a low stool, which, after the ordinary had\n    prayed with her a short time, was taken away, and she hung\n    suspended by the neck, her feet being scarcely more than twelve\n    or fourteen inches from the pavement. Soon after the signs of\n    life had ceased, two cartloads of faggots were placed round her\n    and set on fire; the flames soon burning the halter, she then\n    sunk a few inches, but was supported by an iron chain passed\n    over her chest and affixed to the stake.\"\n\nThe crime for which this woman suffered was coining. Probably the method\nof execution here related was adopted in consequence of the horrible\noccurrence narrated by Mr. Ross.\n\nIn vol. lix. of the same Magazine, Part 1. p. 272, under the date of the\n_18th of March_, 1789, is an account of the executions of nine\nmalefactors at Newgate; and amongst them,--\n\n    \"Christian Murphy, alias Bowman, for coining, was brought out\n    after the rest were turned off, and fixed to a stake, and burnt,\n    being first strangled by the stool being taken from under her.\"\n\nFrom the very slight difference in dates, I am inclined to think that\nthis is the same case with that alluded to by Mr. Ross.\n\nOLD BAILEY\n\nJune 24, 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTO GIVE A MAN HORNS.\n(Vol. i. p. 383.)\n\nYour correspondent L.C. has started a most interesting inquiry, and your\nreaders must, I am sure, join with me in regretting that he should have\nbeen so laconic in the third division of his Query; and have failed to\nrefer to, even if he did not quote, the passages from \"late Greek,\" in\nwhich \"horns\" are mentioned as a symbol of a husband's dishonor. The\nearliest notice of this symbolical use of horns is, I believe, to be\nfound in the _Oneirocritica_ of Artemidorus, who lived during the reign\nof Hadrian, A.D. 117-138:\n\n[Greek: \"Pepi de ippon en to peri agonon logo proeiraeiai. Elege de tis\ntheasameno tini epi kriou kathaemenpo, kai pesonti ex autou ek ton\neuprosthen, mnaesteuomeno de kai mellonti en autais tais haemerais tous\ngamous epetelein, proeipein auto hoti hae gunae sou porneusei, kai kata\nto legomenon, kerata soi poiaesei kai outos apethae, k.t.l.\"--Artem.\n_Oneirocritica_, lib. ii, cap. 12.]\n\nSee Menage, _Origines de la Langue Fran\u00e7oise_, Paris, 1650, in verb.\n\"Cornard.\" I have only seen Reiff's edition of Artemidorus, 8vo. Lipsi\u00e6,\n1805. His illustrations of the passage (far too numerous to be quoted)\nseem to be curious, and likely to repay the reader for the trouble of\nexamination. His note commences with a reference to Olaus Borrichius,\n_Antiqua Urb. Rom. facies_:--\n\n    \"Alexander Magnus ....successores ejus..... in nummis omnes\n    cornuti quasi Jovii, honore utique manifesto, donee cornuum\n    decus in ludibria uxoriorum vertit somnorum interpres\n    Artimidorus.\"\n\nOn which he observes,--\n\n    \"Ben\u00e8. Nam ante Artimidorium nullus, quod sciam, hujus scommatis\n    mentionem fecit. Quod enim Traug. Fred. Benedict. ad Ciceron.\n    _Epist. ad Div._ 7.24. ad voc. 'Cipius' conjecit, id paullo\n    audientus mihi videtur conjecisse.\"\n\nI have not succeeded in obtaining a sight of this edition of the\nEpistles. And I should feel much obliged to any one who would quote the\n\"conjecture,\" and so enable your readers to gauge its \"audacity\" for\nthemselves. Is it not odd that Reiff should have made no remark on the\nutter want of connection between the \"honor manifestus,\" and the\n\"ludibria\" of Olaus? or on the [Greek: kata to legomenon] of the author\nthat he was illustrating? {91} Artemidorus may certainly have been the\nfirst who _recorded_ the _scomma_; but the words [Greek: kata to\nlegomenon] would almost justify us supposing that\n\n          \"--The horn\n  Was a crest ere he was born.\"\n\nMenage (referred to above) evidently lays some stress on the following\nepigram, as an illustration of the question:--\n\n  [Greek: \"Ostis eso purous katalambanei ouk agorazon,\n  Keinou Amaltheias hae gunae esti keras.\"]\n\nParmenon. _Anthol._ lib. ii.\n\nBut I confess that I am utterly unable to see its point and therefore\ncannot, of course, trace its connection with the subject. Falstaff, it\nis true, speaks of the \"horn of abundance,\" but then he assigns it to\nthe husband, and makes the \"lightness of the wife shine through it.\"\n(_K. Henry IV._ Act i. Sc. 2., on which see Warburton's note.)\n\nC. FORBES.\n\nTemple, April 25.\n\nL.C. may find the following references of service to him in his inquiry\ninto the origin of this expression:--\"Solanus ad Luc. D.M. 1. 2.; Jacobs\nad Lucill. Epigr. 9.; Belin. ad Lucian, t. iii. p. 326.; Huschk. _Anal._\np. 168.; Lambec. ad Codin. \u00a7 126.; Nodell in _Diario Class._ t. x. p.\n157.; Bayl. _Dict._ in Junone, not. E.\" Boissonade's note in his\n_Anecdotae_, vol. iii. p. 140.\n\nJ.E.B. MAYOR.\n\nMarlborough College.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES\n\n_Shipster_ (Vol. ii., p. 30.).--If C. B. will consult Dr. Latham's\n_English Language_, 2nd ed., he will find that the termination _ster_ is\nnot merely a _notion_ of Tyrwhitt's, but a fact. Sempstress has a\n_double_ feminine termination. _Spinster_ is the only word in the\npresent English which retains the old feminine meaning of the\ntermination _ster_.\n\nE.S. JACKSON.\n\n\n_Three Dukes_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--I should like a more satisfactory\nanswer to this Query than that I given by C. (Vol. ii., p. 46.). I can\ngive the I names of _two_ of the Dukes (viz. Monmouth and Albermarle);\nbut who was the _third_, and where can a _detailed account_ of the\ntransaction be found? In Wades' _British History chronologically\narranged_, 3rd edit. p. 230, is the following paragraph under the date\nof Feb. 28, 1671 (that is, 1670-1):--\n\n    \"The Duke of Monmouth, who had contrived the outrage on\n    Coventry, in a drunken frolic with the young Duke of Albemarle\n    and others, deliberately kills a ward-beadle. Charles, to save\n    his son, pardoned all the murderers.\"\n\nThe date given in the _State Poems_ is Sunday\nmorning, Feb. 26th, 1670-71. Mr. Lister, in his\n_Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon_ (vol. ii. p. 492.),\nalludes to the affair:--\n\n    \"The King's illegitimate son Monmouth, in company with the young\n    Duke of Albemarle and others, kills a watchman, who begs for\n    mercy, and the King pardons all the murderers.\"\n\nC.H. Cooper\n\nCambridge, June 24, 1850.\n\n\n_Bishops and their Precedence_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--I believe bishops\nhave their precedence because they are both _temporal_ and _spiritual_\nbarons. Some I years ago, I took the following note from the\n_Gentleman's Mag_. for a year between 1790 and 1800; I cannot say\npositively what year (for I was very young at the time, and\nunfortunately omitted to \"note\" it):--\n\n    \"Every Bishop has a temporal barony annexed to his see. The\n    Bishop of Durham is Earl of Sudbury and Baron Evenwood; and the\n    Bishop of Norwich is Baron of Northwalsham.\"\n\nQuery, where may the accounts of the respective baronies of the\nbishoprics be found?\n\nHENRY KERSLEY.\n\n\n_Why Moses represented with Horns_.--Your correspondent H.W. (Vol. i, p.\n420.) refers the origin of what he calls the strange practice of making\nMoses appear horned to a mistranslation in the Vulgate. I send you an\nextract from Coleridge which suggests something more profound the such\nan accidental cause; and explains the statement of Rosenm\u00fcller (p.\n419.), that the Jews attributed horns to Moses \"figuratively for\npower:\"--\n\n    \"When I was at Rome, among many other visits to the tomb of\n    Julius II, I went thither once with a Prussian artist, a man of\n    great genius and vivacity of feeling. As we were gazing on\n    Michael Angelo's Moses, our conversation turned on the horns and\n    beard of that stupendous statue of the necessity of each to\n    support the other; of the superhuman effect of the former, and\n    the necessity if the existence of both to give a harmony and\n    _integrity_ both to the image and the feeling excited by it.\n    Conceive them removed, and the statue would become _un_natural\n    without being _super_natural. We called to mind the horns of the\n    rising sun, and I repeated the noble passage from Taylor's _Holy\n    Dying_. That horns were the emblem of power and sovereignty\n    among the Eastern nations; and are still retained as such in\n    Abyssinia; the Achelous of the ancient Greeks; and the probable\n    ideas and feelings that originally suggested the mixture of the\n    human and the brute form in the figure, by which they realised\n    the idea of their mysterious Pan, as representing intelligence\n    blended with a darker power, deeper, mightier, and more\n    universal than the conscious intellect of man; than\n    intelligence--all these thoughts passed in procession before our\n    minds.\"--Coleridge's _Biographia Literaria_, vol. ii. p. 127.\n    edit. 1817. {92}\n\n[The noble passage from Taylor's _Holy Dying_, which Coleridge\nrecreated, is subjoined.]\n\n    \"As when the sun approaches towards the gates of the morning, he\n    first opens a little eye of heaven, and sends away the spirits\n    of darkness, and gives light to a cock, and calls up the lark to\n    matins, and by and bye gilds the fringes of a cloud, and peeps\n    over the eastern hills, thrusting out his golden horns like\n    those which decked the brows of Moses, when he was forced to\n    wear a veil, because himself had seen the face of God; and\n    still, while a man tells the story, the sun gets up higher, till\n    he shows a fair face and a full light, and then he shines one\n    whole day, under a cloud often, and sometimes weeping great and\n    little showers, and sets quickly; so is a man's reason and his\n    life.\"\n\n--Jeremy Taylor's _Holy Dying_.\n\nC.K.\n\n\n_Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time_ (Vol. ii., p.\n9.).--\"The lady who had lost her hair and her nails,\" an account of whom\nis requested by your correspondent H.C., was Lady Douglas, daughter of\nWilliam Lord Howard of Effingham, and widow of John Lord Sheffield.\nLeicester was married to her after the death of his first wife Anne,\ndaughter and heir of Sir John Robsart, and had by her a son, the\ncelebrated Sir Robert Dudley, whose legitimacy, owing to his father's\ndisowning the marriage with Lady Sheffield, in order to wed Lady Essex,\nwas afterwards the subject of so much contention. On the publication of\nthis latter marriage, Lady Douglas, in order, it is said, to secure\nherself from any future practices, had, from a dread of being made away\nwith by Leicester, united herself to Sir Edward Stafford, then\nambassador in France. Full particulars of this double marriage will be\nfound in Dugdale's _Antiquities of Warwickshire_.\n\nThe extract from D'Israeli's _Amenities of Literature_ relates to\ncharges against Leicester, which will be found at large in _Leicester's\nCommonwealth_, written by Parsons the Jesuit,--a work, however, which\nmust be received with great caution, from the author's well-known enmity\nto the Earl of Leicester, and his hatred to the Puritans, who were\nprotected by that nobleman's powerful influence.\n\nW.J.\n\nHavre.\n\n\n_New Edition of Milton_ (Vol. ii., p. 21.).--The Rev. J. Mitford, as I\nhave understood, is employed upon a new edition of Milton's works, both\nprose and verse, to be published by Mr. Pickering. I may mention, by the\nway, that the sentence from Strada, \"Cupido gloriae, quae etiam\nsapientibus novissima exuitur,\" which is quoted by Mr. Mitford on\nLycidas, Aldine edition, v. 71. (\"Fame, that last infirmity of noble\nminds\"), is borrowed from Tacitus _Hist_. iv. 6. Compare _Athen\u00e6us_, xi.\n15. \u00a7 116. p. 507. d., where Plato is represented as saying:--\n\n    \"[Greek: Eschaton ton taes doxaes chitona en to thanato auto\n    apoduometha.]\"\n\nWill you allow me to add, that the quotation from Seneca in Vol. i., p.\n427. Of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" is from the _Nat. Quaest. Proef_.\n\nJ.E.B. MAYOR.\n\nMarlborough College, June 8.\n\n\n_Christian Captives_ (Vol. i., p. 441.).--There is an unfortunate hiatus\nin the accounts of this parish from 1642 to 1679, which prevents my\nstating positively the amount of the collection here made; but in 1670,\nJan 1., there occurs the following:--\n\n    \"Item. To Mr. Day for Copying ouer the fower parts that was\n    gathered in the parish for the Reliefe of Slaues in Algiears - -\n    - - 0 2 0\"\n\nMr. Day was curate of Ecclesfield at that time; and in another part of\nthe book there is, in his handwriting, a subscription list, which,\nthough only headed \"Colected by hous Row for the ...\" is more than\nprobably the copy referred to. From it the totals collected appear to\nhave been,--\n\n                  _s_.  _d_.\nEcclesfield        6    7-1/2\nGreno Firth       13    6\nSouthey Soke      10    7\nWadsley            4    6\n               \u00a31 15    2-1/2\n\nThe above are the four byerlaws, or divisions of the parish, and the\nfour churchwardens used separately to collect in their respective\nbyerlaws; and then a fair copy of the whole was made out by the curate\nor schoolmaster. An ordinary collection in church, upon a brief,\naveraged 7_s_. 6_d_. at this period.\n\nJ. EASTWOOD.\n\nEcclesfield.\n\n\n_Borrowed Thoughts_ (Vol. i., p. 482.).--The number of \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES\" here alluded to has unluckily not reached me; but in Vol. ii.,\np. 30., I observe that your correspondent C., in correcting one error,\nhas inadvertently committed another. Monsieur de la Palisse is the hero\nalluded to in the popular song which was written at the commencement of\nthe eighteenth century by Bernard de la Monnoye, upon the old ballad,\ncomposed after the battle of Pavia, and commencing,--\n\n  \"H\u00e9las! La Palice est mort,\n    Il est mort devant Pavie;\n  H\u00e9las! s'il n'estait pas mort,\n    Il serait encore en vie!\"\n\nW.J.\n\nHavre.\n\n\n_North Sides of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., p. 55.).--A portion of many\nchurchyards is said to have been left unconsecrated, though not to be\nused as playground for the youth of the parish, but for the burial of\nexcommunicated persons. This was {93} not, however, always on the north\nside of the church, as is evident from the following extract from the\nRegister of Hart, Durham:--\n\n    \"Dec. 17. 1596, Ellen Thompson, Fornicatrix (and then\n    excommunicated), was buried of \u00dee people in \u00dee chaer at the\n    entrance unto \u00dee \u00deeate or stile of \u00dee churchyard, on the east\n    thereof.\"\n\nNor is the north side of the church always the less favourite part for\nburial. I could name many instances where this is the only part used.\n\nThe churchyard now within two hundred yards of me contains about an acre\nof ground; the larger portion of which lies to the south of the church,\nbut has been very little used for sepulture till of late years, though\nthe churchyard is very ancient. Even now the poor have an objection to\nbury their friends there. I believe the prejudice is always in favour of\nthe part next the town or village; that on the other side of the church\nbeing generally called \"the backside.\"\n\nI find various notices of excommunicated persons being very strangely\nburied, and in extraordinary places, but I have not as yet met with any\nact or injunction on the subject. If any of your readers can supply such\na document, it would be extremely interesting and useful.\n\nW.H.K.\n\nD.B.\n\n\n_Monastery, Arrangement of one_ (Vol. i., p. 452.),--A.P.H., who\nrequests any information respecting the extent, arrangement, and uses of\na monastic building, has doubtless consulted Fosbroke's _British\nMonachism_.\n\nW.J.\n\nHavre.\n\n\n_Churchyards, Epitaphs_ (Vol. ii., p. 56.).--I beg to submit the\nfollowing observations in answer to the Queries under this head.\n\nFairs, and also markets, were held in churchyards until put a stop to in\n1285 by an enactment in the 13 Edw. I. c. 6:--\n\n    \"E communde le rey e defend qe feire ne marche ne seient tenuz\n    en cimeter pur honur de seint eglise.\"\n\nPrevious to the passing of this act, the king had forbidden the keeping\nof Northampton fair in the church or churchyard of All Saints in that\ntown; and Bishop Grost\u00eate, following the monarch's example, had sent\ninstructions through the whole diocese of Lincoln, prohibiting fairs to\nbe kept in such sacred places. (See Burn's _Eccl. Law_, tit. \"Church,\"\ned. 1788.) Fairs and markets were usually held on Sunday, until the 27\nHen. VI. c. 5. ordered the discontinuing of this custom, with trifling\nexceptions. Appended to the fourth Report of the Lincolnshire\nArchitectural Society is a paper by Mr. Bloxan on \"Churchyard\nMonuments,\" from which it appears that in the churchyards of Cumberland\nand Cornwall, and in those of Wales, are several crosses, considered to\nbe as early as, if not earlier than, the twelfth century: that in the\nchurchyards of the Isle of Man are other crosses of various dates, from\nthe eighth to the twelfth century and that in some of the churchyards in\nKent, of which those of Chartham, Godmersham, and Godneston are\nspecified, there are remaining some of the most simple headstone crosses\nthat can be imagined, most of which the writer apprehends to be of the\ntwelfth or thirteenth century, though he adds, \"there is no sufficient\nreason why they should not be of later date.\" Several other instances\nbetween the periods particularised are also given. The Report is not\npublished, but perhaps a copy might be obtained from the printer, W.\nEdwards, Corn Market, Louth. See further the _Archaeological Journal_,\npassim, and Mr. Cutt's work on _Sepulchral Crosses and Slabs_. The\nprivilege of sanctuary was taken from churchyards, as well as from all\nother places, in 1623, by the 21 Jac. I. c. 28., which provides,\n\n    \"That no sanctuary or privilege of sanctuary shall be hereafter\n    admitted or allowed in any case\" (sec. 7.).\n\nARUN.\n\n\n_Umbrella_ (Vol. i., p. 415; vol. ii., p. 25.).--Seeing that the Query\nrespecting this useful article of domestic economy has been\nsatisfactorily answered, may I be allowed to mention that umbrellas are\ndescribed by the ancients as marks of distinction. Pausanias and\nHesychius report that at Alea, a city of Arcadia, a feast called Scieria\nwas celebrated in honour of Bacchus, in which the statue of the rosy god\nwas carried in procession, crowned with vine leaves, and placed upon an\nornamental litter, in which was seated a young girl carrying an\numbrella, to indelicate the majesty of the god. On several bas-reliefs\nfrom Persepolis, the king is represented under an umbrella, which a\nfemale holds over his head.\n\nW.J.\n\nHavre.\n\n\n_English Translations of Erasmus' \"Encomium Moriae\"_ (Vol. i., p.\n385.).--Perhaps JARLZBERG, who seems interested in the various\ntranslations of this admirable work, might like to know of a French\ntranslation, with designs from Holbein, which I purchased some weeks ago\nat a sale in a provincial French town. It is entitled _L'Eloge de la\nFolie, compos\u00e9 en forme de D\u00e9claration par Erasme, et traduit par Mr.\nGuendeville, avec les Notes de Gerard Listre, et les belles Figures de\nHolbein; le tout sur l'Oiginal de l'Academie de B\u00e2le_. Amsterdam, chez\nFran\u00e7ois l'Honore. 1735.\n\nW.J.\n\nHavre.\n\n\n_Lady Slingsby_ (Vol. ii., p. 71.).--She was a professional actress, who\nplayed under the name of _Mrs_. (probably _Miss_) _Mary Lee_, from about\n1672 to 1680, after which date she is called _Lady_ {94} _Slingsby_, and\nshe played under this title for about five years, when she seems to have\nquitted the stage. She survived her husband, for \"Dame Mary Slingsby,\n_widow_, of St. James's parish, was buried at Pancras, 1st of March,\n1694.\"\n\nC.\n\n\n_Meaning of \"Bawn\"_ (Vol. i., p. 60.).--The poet Campbell uses the word\n_bawn_ as follows:--\n\n  \"And fast and far, before the star\n   Of day-spring, rush'd we through the glade,\n   And saw at dawn the lofty _bawn_\n   Of Castle-Connor fade.\"\n\n_O'Connor's Child_.\n\nROBERT SNOW.\n\n\n_Chantrey's Sleeping Children_ (Vol. ii., p. 70.)--Your correspondent\nPLECTRUM is anxious to know on what grounds I attribute to Stothard any\npart of the design of the monument in Lichfield Cathedral known as\nChantrey's \"Sleeping Children?\" I will endeavour to satisfy him.\n\nThe design, suggested, as it were, by the very nature of the commission,\nwas communicated by Chantrey to Stothard with a request that he would\nmake for him two or three sketches of sleeping children, at his usual\nprice. What Stothard did, I have heard my father say, was very like the\nmonument as it now stands. The sketch from which Chantrey wrought was\ngiven to me by my father a few months before his death, and is now\nsuspended on the wall of the room in which I write.\n\nIt is a pencil-sketch, shaded with Indian ink, and is very Stothard-like\nand beautiful. It wants, however, a certain sculptural grace, which\nChantrey gave with a master feeling; and it wants the snow-drops in the\nhand of the younger sister,--a touch of poetic beauty suggested by my\nfather.\n\nThe carver of the group (the person who copied it in marble) was the\nlate Mr. F.A. Leg\u00e9, to whom the merit of the whole monument has been\nfoolishly ascribed.\n\nI should be sorry to impress the world with the belief that I mean in\nany way to detract from the merit of Chantrey in making this statement.\nI have divulged no secret. I have only endeavoured to explain what till\nnow has been too often misunderstood.\n\nPETER CUNNINGHAM.\n\nThe following statement may perhaps give to PLECTRUM the information he\nrequires.\n\nDining one day alone with Chantrey, in Jan. 1833, our conversation\naccidentally turned upon some of his monuments, and amongst other things\nhe told me the circumstances connected with the monument at Lichfield to\nthe two children of Mrs. Robinson. As I was leaving Chantrey, I asked\nhim if I might write down what he had told me; his reply was,\n\"Certainly; indeed I rather wish you would.\" Before I went to bed I\nwrote down what I now send you; I afterwards showed it to Chantrey, who\nacknowledged it to be correct. It was hastily written, but I send it as\nI wrote it at the time, without alteration.\n\nNicholson, the drawing master, taught Mrs. Robinson and her two\nchildren. Not long after the death of Mr. Robinson, the eldest child was\nburnt to death; and a very short time afterwards the other child\nsickened and died. Nicholson called on Chantrey and desired him to take\na cast of the child's face, as the mother wished to have some monument\nof it. Chantrey immediately repaired to the house, made his cast, and\nhad a most affecting interview with the unhappy mother. She was desirous\nof having a monument to be placed in Lichfield Cathedral, and wished to\nknow whether the cast just taken would enable Chantrey to make a\ntolerable resemblance of her lost treasure. After reminding her how\nuncertain all works of art were in that respect, he assured her he hoped\nto be able to accomplish her wishes. She then conversed with him upon\nthe subject of the monument, of her distressed feelings at the\naccumulated losses of her husband and her two children, in so short a\nspace of time; expatiated upon their characters, and her great\naffection; and dwelt much upon her feelings when, before she retired to\nbed, she had usually contemplated them when she hung over them locked in\neach other's arms asleep. While she dwelt upon these recollections, it\noccurred to Chantrey that the representation of this scene would be the\nmost appropriate monument; and as soon as he arrived at home he made a\nsmall model of the two children, nearly as they were afterwards\nexecuted, and as they were universally admired. As Mrs. Robinson wished\nto see a drawing of the design, Chantrey called upon Stothard, and\nemployed him to make the requisite drawing from the small model: this\nwas done; and from this circumstance originated the story, from those\nenvious of Chantrey's rising fame, that he was indebted to Stothard for\nall the merit of the original design.\n\nEDW. HAWKINS\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMISCELLANIES.\n\n_Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine Service_.--I note with\npleasure that traces of this ancient usage still exist in parts of\nSussex. In Poling Church, and also in Arundel Church, the movable Seats\nare marked with the letters M. and W. respectively, according as they\nare assigned to the men or women. On the first Sunday in the year I\nattended service in Arundel Church, and observed, with respect to the\nbenches which were placed in the middle of the nave for the use of the\npoorer classes, that the women as they entered proceeded to those at the\neastern end, which were left vacant for them, whilst the men by\nthemselves {95} occupied those at the western end. The existence of a\ndistinction of this kind in regard to the open seats only, affords\nstrong proof, if proof were necessary, that it was the introduction of\nappropriated pews which led to the disuse of else long established, and\nonce general, custom of the men occupying the south side of the nave,\nand the women the north.\n\nB.H.B.\n\n\n_Error in Winstanley's Loyal Martyrology_.--Winstanley, in _The Loyall\nMartyrology_ (London, printed by Thomas Mabb, 1665), p. 67., says of\nMaster Gerard, the author of that elaborate herbal which bears his\nname--\"This gallant gentleman, renowned for arts and arms, was likewise\nat the storming of that (Basing) House unfortunately slain.\" According\nto Johnson, who edited his Herbal in 1633, Gerard was born at Namptwich,\nin Cheshire, in the year 1545; and died about 1607. Basing House was\nstormed Oct. 1645: had Gerard served there, he would have been 100 years\nold. It appears that Winstanley has confounded Gerard with his editor\nThomas Johnson above mentioned, who was killed during the siege of\nBasing House, anno 1644. (See Fuller's _Worthies_, vol. iii. p. 422.\nedit. 1840. London.)\n\nE.N.W.\n\n\n_Preaching in Nave only.--Prayers and Preaching distinct Services_--In\nEly Cathedral the old and proper custom of sermons being delivered in\nthe nave only is still maintained. And this observance has doubtless led\nto the continuance of another, which is a sufficient answer to those who\nobject to the length of our service, as it shows that formerly in\npractice, as still in principle, prayers and preaching were distinct\nservices. In the morning of Sunday there is no sermon in either of the\nparish churches in Ely, but prayers only; and those of the respective\ncongregations who wish to hear a sermon remove to the cathedral, where\nthey are joined by the ecclesiastics and others who have \"been to\nchoir\". Consequently, any one may \"go to sermon\" (I use the language of\nthe place) without having been to prayers, or to prayers in one of the\nparish churches, or the choir, without necessarily hearing the sermon.\n\nI think it would be very interesting, if your widely scattered\ncorrespondents would from time to time communicate in your columns such\ninstances of any variation from the now usual mode of celebrating divine\nservice as may fall under their _personal_ observation.\n\nB.H.B.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMISCELLANEOUS\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, &c.\n\nIt has been frequently, more frequently, perhaps than justly, objected\nto the Shakspeare Society, that few of its publications bear directly\nupon the illustration of the works of the great dramatist. That the\nCouncil would gladly publish works more immediately in connection with\nShakspeare and his writings, if the materials for them could be found,\nis proved by the fact of their having just published the _Remarks of\nKarl Simrock on the Plots of Shakspeare's Plays_, which that gentleman,\nwhose name is honoured by all lovers of early German poetry and romance,\nappended to the third volume of the _Quellen der Shakspeare_, a\ncollection of Novels, Tales, &c., illustrative of Shakspeare, which\nSimrock collected and translated in conjunction with Echtermeyer and\nHenschel, and which somewhat resembles Mr. Collier's _Shakspeare's\nLibrary_. The translation of these remarks, made for the Society, was\nplaced in the hands of Mr. Halliwell, and forms, with the notes and\nadditions of that gentleman, a volume containing much new and curious\ninformation upon a very interesting point in Shakspearian literature.\n\nMessrs. Sotheby and Co., of Wellington Street, will sell on Monday, July\n8th, and six following days, a very Choice Cabinet of Coins and Medals,\nthe property of a Nobleman; and on Monday, July 15th, and five following\ndays, an extensive Assemblage of Historical, Theological, and\nMiscellaneous Books.\n\nMessrs. Puttick and Simpson, of 191. Piccadilly, announce a Sale of\nSplendid Engravings by British and Foreign Artists on Monday next.\n\nWe have received the following Catalogues:--William Nield's (46.\nBurlington Arcade) Catalogue No. 3. of Very Cheap Books; Edward Stibbs'\n(331. Strand) Select Catalogue of a Collection of Books just purchased\nfrom a celebrated literary character.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\n(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.)\n\nDRAYTON'S POLYOLBION. (A perfect copy of any edition.)\n\nPULEYN'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM.\n\nOdd volumes.\n\nINGLIS'S IRELAND. Vol. II.\n\nLetters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\", 186. Fleet street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNotices to Correspondents\n\nVOLUME THE FIRST, _Complete with Index, may now be had, price 9_s_.\n6_d_., bound in cloth_. THE INDEX, _published last week, is, we trust,\nsufficiently full to satisfy to the utmost the wishes of our\nSubscribers. We feel that, if called upon at any time to establish the\nutility of_ NOTES AND QUERIES, _we may confidently point to the Index as\na proof that the Literary Inquirer, be his particular branch of Study\nwhat it may, will not search in vain in our pages for valuable Notes and\nIllustrations of it.\n\nAnswers to several correspondents in our next_.\n\nErrata. No. 34. p. 60., for \"D_o_lort\" read \"D_e_lort,\" and for\n\"Triar_mum_\" , read \"Triar_num_\". No. 35. p. 75. in the article on\n\"Carucate of Land\" for \"acre\", read \"acras\", and for \"B_oe_julia\", read\n\"B_a_julia\". The articles \"God Save the Queen,\" p. 71., and \"Royal and\nDistinguished Interments\", p. 79., should have been subscripted \"F.K.\"\ninstead of \"J.H.M.\" {96}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE EDINBURGH REVIEW,\nNo. CLXXXV., will be Published on WEDNESDAY next,\nJuly 10th.\n\nCONTENTS:\n\n1. QUETELET ON PROBABILITIES.\n\n2. MERIVALE'S HISTORY OF ROME UNDER THE\nEMPIRE.\n\n3. CHURCH AND STATE EDUCATION\n\n4. M\u00c9RIM\u00c9E'S HISTORY OF PEDRO THE CRUEL.\n\n5. BLACKIE'S AESCHYLUS.\n\n6. GOETHE'S FESTIVAL.\n\n7. GUIZOT ON THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION.\n\n8. THE AFRICAN SQUADRON.\n\n9. THE GORHAM CONTROVERSY.\n\nLondon: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. AND C. BLACK.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNow ready, Octavo Edition. plain, 15_s_.; Quarto Edition, having the\nPlates of the Tesselated Pavements all coloured, 1_l_. 5_s_.\n\nRemains of Roman art, in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient Corinium:\ncontaining Plates by De la Motte, of the magnificient Tesselated\nPavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with copies of the\ngrand Heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pamona; reduced by the Talootype from\nfacsimile tracings of the original; together with various other plates\nand numerous wood engravings.\n\nIn the Quarto edition the folding of the plates necessary for the\nsmaller volume is avoided.\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL. Cirencester: Bailey and Jones. Norwich: C. Muskett.\nPlymouth: R. Lidstone. Reading: George Lovejoy.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust Published,\n\nA CATALOGUE OF BOOKS\n\nIN VARIOUS LANGUAGES,\n\nAmong which will be found many of the Works of the FATHERS,\nECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, LITURGICAL Works, COUNCILS, THEOLOGY and CANON\nLAW and a Selection of many very rare Spanish Books:\n\nOffered for Sale at the prices affixed (for Cash)\n\nBY CHARLES DOLMAN, 61. NEW BOND STREET.\n\n***Among other important Works are the following:--\n\n123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789072\n                                                             \u00a3   s.  d.\nALBERTI MAGNI Opera Omnia, Studio et Labore P.\nJammy, 21 vols. folio, vellum, only                         12  12   0\nAMROSII Opera, Ed. Benedictina, 2 vols. folio, large paper   6  16   6\nARNAUD, Antoine, Oeuvres Complettes, 49 vols. in 44,\n4to., only                                                   7   7   0\nATHANASII Opera Omnia, Editio Benedictina, 1698,\n5 vols. folio, fine copy, calf, gilt                        14  14   0\nAUGUSTINI Opera Omnia, Editio Benedictina, 1700, 12\nvols. in 9, folio                                           11  11   0\nBEDAE Opera Omnia, 8 vols. in 5, folio                       2  16   0\nBIBLIOTHECA Veterum Patrum, De la Bigne Collecta,\n12 vols. in 9, folio                                         5   5   0\nBOLLANDII ACTA SANCTORUM, 43 vols. folio, vellum,\nVenice, 1734-70, only                                       25  10   0\nBULLARIUM ROMANUM, Ed. C. Coquelines, &c., 32 vols.\nfolio, only                                                 22  10   0\nCHRYSOSTOMI Opera Omnia 13 vols. folio, 1734                14  14   0\nDECISIONES Rotae Romanae Recentiores, 24 vols. folio         6   6   0\nEPHRAEM SYRI Opera Omnia, 6 vols, folio                      6  16   6\nGALLIA CHRISTIANA, Opera D. Samarthani, 13 vols.\nfolio                                                       14  14   0\nHIERONYMI Opera Omnia, Ed. D Vallarsii, 11 vols.\nfolio                                                       14  14   0\nLE QUIEN, Oriens Christianus, 3 vols. folio                  7   7   0\nMENOLOGIUM Graecorum, 3 vols folio                           3  10   0\nORIGENIS Opera Omnia, Ed. De la Rue, 4 vols. folio          12  12   0\n\nN.B. The Catalogue will be forwarded Free by post, on receipt of two\npostage stamps.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNow Publishing, The Churches of the Middle Ages. By HENRY BOWMAN and\nJOSEPH S. CROWTHERS, Architects, Manchester. To be completed in Twenty\nParts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial Folio. Issued at intervals\nof two months. Price per Part to Subscribers. Proofs, large paper,\n10_s_. 6_d_.; Tinted, small paper, 9_s_.; Plain, 7_s_. 6_d_. Parts 1 to\n8 are now published, and contain illustrations of Ewerby Church,\nLincolnshire; Temple Balsall Chapel, Warwickshire; and Heckington\nChurch, Lincolnshire.\n\n\"Ewerby is a magnificent specimen of a Flowing Middle-Pointed Church. It\nis most perfectly measured and described: one can follow the most\nrecondite beauties of the construction, mouldings and joints, in these\nPlates, almost as well as in the original structure. Such a monograph as\nthis will be of incalculable value to the architects of our Colonies or\nthe United States, who have no means of access to ancient churches. The\nPlates are on stone done with remarkable skill and distinctness. Of\nHeckington we can only say that the perspective view from the south-east\npresents a very vision of beauty; we can hardly conceive anything more\nperfect. We heartily recommend this series to all who are able to\npatronize it.\" --_Ecclesiologist_ Oct. 1849.\n\nLondon. GEORGE BELL., 186. Fleet Street\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE PRIMAEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE OF DENMARK.\n\nThe Primaeval Antiquities of Denmark. By J.J.A. WORSAAE. Member of the\nRoyal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. Translated and applied to\nthe illustration of similar Remains in England, by WILLIAM J. THOMS,\nF.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With numerous Woodcuts. 8vo.\n10_s_. 6_d_.\n\n\"The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with--so clear is the\narrangement, and so well and so plainly is each subject illustrated by\nwell-executed engravings.... It is the joint production of two men who\nhave already distinguished themselves as authors and\nantiquarians.\"--_Morning Herald._\n\n\"A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's book is in\nall ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. Thoms has\nexecuted the translation in flowing and idiomatic English, and has\nappended many curious and interesting notes and observations of his\nown.\"--_Guardian._\n\n\"The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our readers,\nis signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly interesting and\nimportant work.\"--_Archaeological Journal._\n\nSee also the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for February 1850.\n\nOxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand. London\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPreparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.\n\nThe Folk-Lore of England. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the\nCamden Society, Editor of \"Early Prose Romances,\" \"Lays and Legends of\nall Nations.\" &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new\ncontributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially\nsome of the more striking illustrations of the subject to be found in\nthe Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries.\n\nCommunications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and\nPopular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and\nwill be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to\nthe care of MR. BELL, Office of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nVols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28_s_. cloth.\n\nThe Judges of England; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD FOSS,\nF.S.A.\n\n\"A work in which a subject of great historical importance is treated\nwith the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr. Foss\nhas brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many\nerrors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it\nsuccessfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation,\nand such taste and judgement as will enable him to quit, when occasion\nrequires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to\nhis work, as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical\nhistory.\"--_Gent. Mag._\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN and LONGMAN.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, In the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, July 6, 1850.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 36, July 6, 1850","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":14458}