{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_13729/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_13729","id":"gutenberg_13729","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13729","summary":null,"tags":["Category: History - Modern (1750+)","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"NOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNo. 37.] SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       * {97}\n\n\nCONTENTS\n\nNOTES:--\n  The Author of the \"Characteristics\" by W.D. Christie. 97\n  Caxton's Printing office, by R.F. Rimbault. 99\n  Sanatory Laws in other Days. 99\n  Folk Lore:--Midsummer Fires. 101\n  Minor Notes:--Borrowed Thoughts--An Infant Prodigy\n    in 1659--Allusion in Peter Martyr--Hogs not\n    Pigs. 101\n\nQUERIES:--\n  A Query and Replies, by H. Walter. 102\n  Letters of Queen Elizabeth and Philip II. of Spain. 102\n  Minor Queries:--The New Temple--\"Junius Identified\"--Mildew\n    in Books--George Herbert's Burialplace--The Earl of Essex\n    and \"The Finding of the Rayned Deer\"--The Lass of Richmond\n    Hill--Curfew--Alumni of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester--St.\n    Leger's Life of Archbishop Walsh--Query put to a Pope--The\n    Carpenter's Maggot--Lord Delamere--Henry and the Nutbrown Maid. 103\n\nREPLIES:--\n  French Poem by Malherbe, by S.W. Singer. 104\n  \"Dies Ir\u00e6, Dies Illa.\" 105\n  Dr. Samuel Ogden, by J.H. Markland. 105\n  Replies to Minor Queries:--Porson's Imposition--The\n    Three Dukes--Kant's S\u00e4mmtliche Werke--Becket's\n    Mother--\"Imprest\" and \"Debenture\"--Derivation\n    of \"News\"--Origin of Adur--Meaning of\n    Steyne--Sarum and Barum--Epigrams on the\n    Universities--Dulcarnon--Dr. Magian--America\n    known to the Ancients--Collar of SS.--Martello\n    Towers--\"A Frog he would a-wooing go\"--William\n    of Wykeham--Execution of Charles I.--Swords--The\n    Low Window--Brasichelli's Expurgatory Index--Discursus\n    Modestus--Melancthon's Epigram. 106\n\nMISCELLANEOUS:--\n  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, &c. 111\n  Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 111\n  Notices to Correspondents. 111\n  Advertisements. 112\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNOTES\n\nTHE AUTHOR OF THE \"CHARACTERISTICS.\"\n\nLord Shaftesbury's _Letters to a young Man at the University_, on which\nMr. SINGER has addressed to you an interesting communication (Vol. ii.,\np. 33.), were reprinted in 1746 in a collection of his letters,\n\"_Letters of the Earl of Shaftesbury, author of the Characteristicks,\ncollected into one volume_: printed MDCCXLVI.\" 18mo. This volume\ncontains also Lord Shaftesbury's letters to Lord Molesworth, originally\npublished by Toland, with an introduction which is not reprinted; a\n\"Letter sent from Italy, with the notion of the Judgment of Hercules,\n&c., to my Lord ----\"; and three letters reprinted from Lord\nShaftesbury's life in the _General Dicionary_, which was prepared by Dr.\nKippis, under the superintendence of Lord Shaftesbury's son, the fourth\nearl.\n\nIn my copy of the original edition of the _Letters to a young Man at the\nUniversity_, two letters have been transcribed by an unknown previous\npossessor. One is to Bishop Burnet, recommending young Ainsworth when\nabout to be ordained deacon:--\n\n    \"To the Bishop of Sarum.\n\n    \"Reigate, May 23. 1710.\n\n    \"My Lord,--The young man who delivers this to your Lordship, is\n    one who for several years has been preparing himself for the\n    ministry, and in order to it has, I think, completed his time at\n    the university. The occasion of his applying this way was purely\n    from his own inclination. I took him a child from his poor\n    parents, out of a numerous and necessitous family, into my own,\n    employing him in nothing servile; and finding his ingenuity, put\n    him abroad to the best schools to qualify him for preferment in\n    a peculiar way. But the serious temper of the lad disposing him,\n    as I found, to the ministry preferably to other advantages, I\n    could not be his hindrance; though till very lately I gave him\n    no prospect of any encouragement through my interest. But having\n    been at last convinced, by his sober and religious courage, his\n    studious inclination and meek behaviour, that 'twas real\n    principle and not a vanity or conceit that led him into these\n    thoughts, I am resolved, in case your lordship thinks him worthy\n    of the ministry, to procure him a benefice as soon as anything\n    happens in my power, and in the mean time design to keep him as\n    my chaplain in my family.\n\n    \"I am, my Lord, &c.,\n\n    \"SHAFTESBURY.\"\n\nThe second letter inserted in my copy is to Ainsworth himself, dated\nReigate, 11th May, 1711, and written when he was about to apply for\npriest's orders. But the bulk of this letter is printed, with a\ndifferent beginning and ending, in the tenth printed letter, under date\nJuly 10th, 1710, and is there made to apply to Ainsworth's having just\nreceived deacon's orders. The beginning, and ending of the letter, as in\nMS., are--\n\n    \"I am glad the time is come that you are to receive full orders,\n    and that you hope it from the hands of our {98} great, worthy,\n    and excellent Bishop, the Lord of Salisbury. This is one of the\n    circumstances\" [then the letter proceeds exactly as in the\n    printed Letter X., and the MS. letter concludes:] \"God send you\n    all true Christianity, with that temper, life, and manners which\n    become it.\n\n    \"I am, your hearty friend,\n\n    \"SHAFTESBURY.\"\n\nI quote the printed beginning of Letter X., on account of the eulogy on\nBishop Burnet:--\n\n    \"I believed, indeed, it was your expecting me every day at ----\n    that prevented your writing since you received orders from the\n    good Bishop, my Lord of Salisbury; who, as he has done more than\n    any man living for the good and honour of the Church of England\n    and the Reformed Religion, so he now suffers more than any man\n    from the tongues and slander of those ungrateful Churchmen, who\n    may well call themselves by that single term of distinction,\n    having no claim to that of Christianity or Protestant, since\n    they have thrown off all the temper of the former and all\n    concern or interest with the latter. I hope whatever advice the\n    great and good Bishop gave you, will sink deeply into your\n    mind.\"\n\nMr. Singer has extracted from the eighth printed letter one or two\nsentences on Locke's denial of innate ideas. A discussion of Locke's\nviews on this subject, or of Lord Shaftesbury's contrary doctrine of a\n\"moral sense,\" is not suited to your columns; and I only wish to say\nthat I think Mr. Singer has not made it sufficiently clear that Lord\nShaftesbury's remarks apply only to the speculative consequences,\naccording to his own view, of a denial of innate ideas; and that Lord\nShaftesbury, in another passage of the same Letters, renders the\nfollowing tribute of praise to the _Essay on the Human Understanding_:--\n\n    \"I am not sorry that I lent you Mr. Locke's _Essay on the Human\n    Understanding_, which may as well qualify for business and the\n    world as for the sciences and a University. No one has done more\n    towards the recalling of philosophy from barbarity into use and\n    practice of the world, and into the company of the better and\n    politer sort, who might well be ashamed of it in its other\n    dress. No one has opened a better or clearer way to reasoning;\n    and, above all, I wonder to hear him censured so much by any\n    Church of England men, for advancing reason and bringing the use\n    of it so much into religion, when it is by this only that we\n    fight against the enthusiasts and repel the great enemies of our\n    Church.\"\n\nA life of the author of the _Characteristics_ is hardly less a\ndesideratum than that of his grandfather, the Lord Chancellor, and would\nmake an interesting work, written in connection with the politics as\nwell as literature of the reigns of William and Anne; for the third Lord\nShaftesbury, though prevented by ill-health from undertaking office or\nregularly attending parliament, took always a lively interest in\npolitics. An interesting collection of the third earl's letters has been\npublished by Mr. Foster (_Letters of Locke, Algernon Sidney, and the\nEarl of Shaftesbury_), and a few letters from him to Locke are in Lord\nKing's _Life of Locke_. I subjoin a \"note\" of a few original letters of\nthe third Lord Shaftesbury in the British Museum; some of your readers\nwho frequent the British Museum may perhaps be induced to copy them for\nyour columns.\n\nLetters to Des Maizeaux (one interesting, offering him pecuniary\nassistance) in _Ags. Cat._ MSS. 4288.\n\nLetters to Charles Montagu, Earl of Halifax[1], (one introducing\nToland). Add. MSS. 7121.\n\nLetter to Toland (printed, I think, in one of the _Memoirs of Toland_).\n_Ags. Cat._ 4295. 10.\n\nLetter to T. Stringer in 1625. Ib. 4107. 115.\n\nIn Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_, neither the _Letters to a young Man\nat the University_, published in 1716, nor the collection of letters of\n1746, are mentioned; and confusion is made between the author of the\n_Characteristics_ and his grandfather the Chancellor. Several political\ntracts, published during the latter part of Charles II.'s reign, which\nhave been ascribed to the first Earl of Shaftesbury, but of which,\nthough they were probably written under his supervision, it is extremely\ndoubtful that he was the actual author, are lumped together with the\n_Characteristics_ as the works of one and the same Earl of Shaftesbury.\n\nSome years ago a discovery was made in Holland of MSS. of Le Clerc, and\nsome notice of the MSS., and extracts from them, are to be found in the\nfollowing work:--\n\n    \"De Joanne Clerico et Philippo A. Limborch Dissertationes Du\u00e6.\n    Adhibitis Epistolis aliisque Scriptis ineditis scripsit atque\n    eruditorum virorum epistolis nunc primum editis auxit Abr. Des\n    Amorie Van Der Hoeven, &c. Amstelodami: apud Fredericum Muller,\n    1843.\"\n\nTwo letters of Locke are among the MSS. Now it is mentioned by Mr.\nMartyn, the biographer of the first Earl of Shaftesbury, in a MS. letter\nin the British Museum, that some of this earl's papers were sent by the\nfamily to Le Clerc, and were supposed not to have been returned. I\nmention this, as I perceive you have readers and correspondents in\nHolland, in the hope that I may possibly learn whether any papers\nrelating to the first Earl of Shaftesbury have been found among the\nlately discovered Le Clerc MSS.; and it is not unlikely that the same\nMSS. might contain letters of the third earl, the author of the\n_Characteristics_, who was a friend and correspondent of Le Clerc.\n\nW.D. CHRISTIE.\n\n    [Footnote 1: Two of these--one a letter asking the earl to stand\n    godfather to his son, and the other a short note, forwarding a\n    book (Qy. of Toland's)--are printed by Sir Henry Ellis in his\n    Camden volume, _Letters of Eminent Literary Men_.--ED.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       * {99}\n\nCAXTON'S PRINTING-OFFICE.\n\nThe particular spot where Caxton exercised his business, or the place\nwhere his press was fixed, cannot now, perhaps, be exactly ascertained.\nDr. Dibdin, after a careful examination of existing testimonies, thinks\nit most probable that he erected his press in one of the chapels\nattached to the aisles of Westminster Abbey; and as no remains of this\ninteresting place can now be discovered, there is a strong presumption\nthat it was pulled down in making alterations for the building of Henry\nVII.'s splendid chapel.\n\nIt has been frequently asserted that all Caxton's books were printed in\na part of Westminster Abbey; this must be mere conjecture, because we\nfind no statement of it from himself: he first mentions the place of his\nprinting in 1477, so that he must have printed some time without\ninforming us where.\n\nWith all possible respect for the opinions of Dr. Dibdin, and the\nnumerous writers on our early typography, I have very considerable\ndoubts as to whether Caxton really printed _within the walls of the\nAbbey_ at all. I am aware that he himself says, in some of his\ncolophons, \"Emprinted in th' Abbey of Westmynstre,\" but query whether\nthe _precincts_ of the Abbey are not intended? Stow, in his _Annals_\n(edit 1560, p. 686.), says,--\"William Caxton of London, mercer, brought\nit (printing) into England about the year 1471, and first practised the\nsame in the _Abbie_ of St. Peter at Westminster;\" but in his _Survey of\nLondon_, 1603 (edit. Thoms, p. 176.), the same writer gives us a more\nfull and particular account; it is as follows:--\n\n    \"Near unto this house [i.e. Henry VII.'s alms-house], westward,\n    was an old chapel of St. Anne; over against the which, the Lady\n    Margaret, mother to King Henry VII., erected an alms-house for\n    poor women, which is now turned into lodgings for the singing\n    men of the college. The place wherein this chapel and alms-house\n    standeth was called the Elemosinary, or almonry, now corruptly\n    the ambry, for that the alms of the Abbey were there distributed\n    to the poor; and therein Islip, abbot of Westminster, erected\n    the first press of book-printing that ever was in England, about\n    the year of Christ 1471. William Caxton, citizen of London,\n    mercer, brought it into England, and was the first that\n    practised it _in the said abbey_; after which time the like was\n    practised in the abbeys of St. Augustine at Canterbury, St.\n    Albans, and other monasteries.\"\n\nAgain, in the curious hand-bill preserved in the Bodleian Library, it\nwill be remembered that Caxton invites his customers to \"come to\nWestmonester _into the Almonestrye_,\" where they may purchase his books\n\"good chepe.\"\n\nFrom these extracts it is pretty clear that Caxton's printing-office was\nin the Almonry, which was within the precincts of the Abbey, and not in\nthe Abbey itself. The \"old chapel of St. Anne\" was doubtless the place\nwhere the first printing-office was erected in England. Abbot Milling\n(not Islip, as stated by Stow) was the generous friend and patron of\nCaxton and the art of printing; and it was by permission of this learned\nmonk that our printer was allowed the use of the building in question.\n\nThe _old_ chapel of St. Anne stood in the New-way, near the back of the\nworkhouse, at the bottom of the almonry leading to what is now called\nStratton Ground. It was pulled down, I believe, about the middle of the\nseventeenth century. The _new_ chapel of St. Anne, erected in 1631, near\nthe site of the old one, was destroyed about fifty years since.\n\nMr. Cunningham, in his _Handbook for London_ (vol. i. p. 17.), says,--\n\n    \"The first printing-press ever seen in England was set up in\n    this almonry under the patronage of _Esteney_, Abbot of\n    Westminster, by William Caxton, citizen and mercer (d. 1483).\"\n\nEsteney succeeded Milling in the Abbacy of Westminster, but the latter\ndid not die before 1492. On p. 520. of his second volume, Mr. Cunninghan\ngives the date of Caxton's death correctly, i.e. 1491.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSANATORY LAWS IN OTHER DAYS.\n\nIn that curious medley commonly designated, after Hearne, _Arnold's\nChronicle_, and which was probably first printed in 1502 or 1503, we\nfind the following passages. I make \"notes\" of them, from their peculiar\ninterest at the moment when sanatory bills, having the same objects, are\noccupying the public attention so strongly; especially in respect to the\nSmithfield Nuisance and the Clergy Discipline bill.\n\n1. In a paper entitled \"The articles dishired bi y'e comonse of the cety\nof London, for reformacyo of thingis to the same, of the Mayer,\nAldirmen, and Comon Counsell, to be enacted,\" we have the following:--\n\n    \"Also that in anoyding the corupte savours and lothsom innoyaunc\n    (caused by slaughter of best) w'tin the cyte, wherby moche\n    people is corupte and infecte, it may plese my Lord Mayr,\n    Aldirmen, and Comen Counsaile, to put in execucion a certaine\n    acte of parlement, by whiche it is ordeigned y't no such\n    slaughter of best shuld be vsed or had within this cite, and\n    that suche penaltees be leuyed vpo the contrary doers as in the\n    said acte of parlement ben expressed.\n\n    \"Also in anoyding of lyke annoyauce. Plese it my Lord Mair,\n    Alderme, and Como Councell, to enact that noo manor pulter or\n    any other persone i this cytee kepe from hinsforth, within his\n    hous, swans, gies, or dowk, upon a peyn therfore to be\n    ordeigned.\"--pp. 83, 84, 3d. ed.\n\nI believe that one item of \"folk-faith\" is that \"farm-yard odours are\nhealthy.\" I have often {100} heard it affirmed at least; and, indeed,\nhas not the common councilman, whom the _Times_ has happily designated\nas the \"defender of filth\", totally and publicly staked his reputation\non the dogma in its most extravagant shape, within the last few months?\nIt is clear that nearly four centuries ago, the citizens of London\nthought differently; even though \"the corupte savours and lothsom\ninnoyaunc\" were infinitely less loathsome than in the present Smithfield\nand the City slaughter-houses.\n\nIt would be interesting to know to what act of parliament Arnold's\ncitizens refer, and whether it has ever been repealed. It is curious to\nnotice, too, that the danger from infuriated beasts running wild through\nthe streets is not amongst the evils of the system represented. They go\nfurther, however, and forbid even the _killing_ within the city.\n\nMoreover, it would really seem that the swan was not then a mere\nornamental bird, either alive or dead, but an ordinary article of\ncitizen-dinners, it being classed with \"gies and dowks\" in the business\nof the poulterer. At the same time, no mention being made of swine in\nany of these ordonnances or petitions, would at first sight seem to show\nthat the flesh of the hog was in abhorrence with the Catholic citizen,\nas much perhaps as with the Jews themselves; at any rate, that it was\nnot a vendible article of food in those days. When did it become so?\nThis conclusion would, however, be erroneous; for amongst \"the articles\nof the good governa\u00fbce of the cite of London\" shortly following we have\nthis:--\n\n    \"Also yf ony persone kepe or norrysh hoggis, oxen, kyen, or\n    mallardis within the ward, in noyoying of ther neyhbours.\"--p.\n    91.\n\nThe proper or appointed place for keeping hoggis was Hoggistone, now\nHoxton; as Houndsditch[2] was for the hounds.\n\nThere is another among these petitions to the Lord Mayor and\ncorporation, worthy of notice, in connection with sanatory law.\n\n    \"Also in avoyd\u00eeg ye abhomynable savours causid by ye kep\u00eeg of ye\n    kenell in ye mote and ye diches there, and \u00ee especiall by sethig\n    of ye houndes mete wt roten bones, and vnclenly keping of ye\n    ho\u00fbdes, wherof moche people is anoyed, soo yt when the wynde is\n    in any poyte of the northe, all the fowle stynke is blowen ouer\n    the citee. Plese it mi Lord Mair, Aldirmen, and Comen Co\u00fbcell,\n    to ordeigne that the sayd kenell be amoued and sett in s\u00f4 other\n    c\u00f4uenient place where as best shall seme them. And also that the\n    said diches mai be clensed from yere to yere, and so kepte yt\n    thereof folowe non annoyaunce.\"--p. 87.\n\nOf course \"Houndsditch\" is here meant; but for what purpose were the\nhounds kept? And, indeed, what kind of hounds were they, that thus\nformed a part of the City establishment? Were they bloodhounds for\ntracking criminals, or hounds kept for the special behoof and pleasure\nof the \"Lord Mair, Aldermen, and Comen Co\u00fbsel?\" The Houndsditch of that\ntime bore a strong resemblance to the Fleet ditch of times scarcely\nexceeding the memory of many living men.\n\nI come now to the passages relating to the clergy.\n\n    \"Also, where as the curatis of the cyte have used often tyme\n    herebefore to selle their offring (at mariag), whereby the\n    pissh\u00eas where such sales be made comenly be lettid fro messe or\n    matyns, and otherwhiles from both, by so moch as the frendis of\n    the pties maryed vsen to goo abowte vij. or viij. dayes before,\n    and desiryg men to offryg at such tymes as more conuenyent it\n    were to be at diunyne seruice. Plese it my Lord Mair, Aldirm\u00ea,\n    and Com\u00ea Co\u00fbseile, to puide remedy, so that the sayd custume be\n    fordone and leid aparte.\"--p. 86.\n\n    \"Also, to thentent that the ordre of priesthood be had in dew\n    reuerence according to the dignite therof, and that none\n    occasions of incontinence growe bee the famylyarite of seculer\n    people. Plese it my Lord Mayre, Aldirmen, and Comon Counsyll, to\n    enacte that no maner persone beyng free of this citee take,\n    receyue, and kepe from hensforth ony priest in comons, or to\n    borde by the weke, moneth, or yere, or ony other terme more or\n    lesse, vpon peine thervpon to be lymytyd, prouided that this\n    acte ext\u00eade not to ony prieste retayned wyth a citezen in\n    famyliar housolde.\"--p. 89.\n\n    \"Also, plese it my Lord Mayre, Aldyrmen, and Comon Counseylle,\n    that a communication may be had wyth the curatis of this citee\n    for oblacions whiche they clayme to haue of citezens agaynst the\n    tenour of the bulle purchased att their owne instance, and that\n    it may be determined and an ende taken, whervpon the citezens\n    shall rest.\"--p. 89.\n\n    \"Also, yf ther be ony priest in seruice within the warde, which\n    afore tyme hath been sette in the toune in Cornhyll for his\n    dishoneste, and hath forsworne the cyte, alle suche shulde bee\n    presentyd.\"--p. 92.\n\nUpon these I shall make no remark. They will make different impressions\non different readers; according to the extent of prejudice or liberality\nexisting in different minds. They show that even during the most\nabsolute period of ecclesiastical domination, there was one spot in\nEngland where attempts to legislate for the priesthood (though perhaps\nfeeble enough) were made. The legislative {101} powers of the\ncorporation were at that time very ample; and the only condition by\nwhich they appear to have been limited was, that they should not\noverride an act of parliament or a royal proclamation.\n\nIs there any specific account of the \"tonne in Cornhyll\" existing? Its\npurpose, in connection with the conduit, admits of no doubt; the\nforsworn and dishonest priest had been punished with a \"good ducking,\"\nand this, no doubt, accompanied with a suitable ceremonial for the\nspecial amusement of the \"'prentices.\"[3]\n\nI have also marked a few passages relative to the police and the fiscal\nlaws of those days, and when time permits, will transcribe them for you,\nif you deem them worthy of being laid before your readers.\n\nT.S.D.\n\n    [Footnote 2: Mr. Cunningham, speaking of Houndsditch, merely\n    quotes the words of Stow. It would appear that Stow's reason for\n    the name is entirely conjectural; and indeed the same reason\n    would justify the same name being applied to all the \"ditches\"\n    in London in the year 1500, and indeed much later. This passage\n    of Arnold throws a new light upon the _name_, at least, of that\n    rivulet; for stagnant its waters could not be, from its\n    inclination to the horizon. It, however, raises another question\n    respecting the mode of keeping and feeding hounds in those days;\n    and likewise, as suggested in the text, the further question, as\n    to the purpose for which these hounds were thus kept as a part\n    of the civic establishment.]\n\n    [Footnote 3: This view will no doubt be contested on the\n    authority of Stow, who describes the tonne as a \"prison for\n    night-walkers,\" so called from the form in which it was built.\n    (Cunningham, p. 141., 2nd ed.) Yet, as Mr. Cunningham elsewhere\n    states (p. xxxix.), \"the Tun upon Corn-hill [was] converted into\n    a conduit\" in 1401, it would hardly be called a \"prison\" a\n    century later. The probability is, that the especial building\n    called the tonne never was a prison at all; but that the prison,\n    from standing near or adjoining the tonne, took its name, the\n    tonne prison, in conformity with universal usage. It is equally\n    probable that the tonne was originally built for the purpose to\n    which it was ultimately applied; and that some delay arose in\n    its use from the difficulty experienced in the hydraulic part of\n    the undertaking, which was only overcome in 1401. The\n    universality of the punishment of \"ducking\" amongst our\n    ancestors is at least a circumstance in favour of the view taken\n    in the text.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Midsummer Fires._--From your notice of Mr. Haslam's account of the\nBeltein or Midsummer fires in Cornwall, I conclude you will give a place\nto the following note. On St. John's eve last past, I happened to pass\nthe day at a house situate on an elevated tract in the county of\nKilkenny, Ireland; and I shall long remember the beauty of the sight,\nwhen, as dusk closed in, fire after fire shot up its clear flame,\nthickly studding the near plains and distant hills. The evening was calm\nand still, and the mingled shouts and yells of the representatives of\nthe old fire-worshippers came with a very singular effect on the ear.\nWhen a boy, I have often _passed through_ the fire myself on Midsummer\neve, and such is still the custom. The higher the flame, the more daring\nthe act is considered: hence there is a sort of emulation amongst the\nunwitting perpetrators of this Pagan rite. In many places cattle are\ndriven through the fire; and this ceremony is firmly believed to have a\npowerful effect in preserving them from various harms. I need not say,\nthat amongst the peasantry the fires are now lighted in honour of St\nJohn.\n\nX.Y.A.\n\nKilkenny.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMINOR NOTES.\n\n_Borrowed Thoughts._--Mr. SINGER (Vol. i., p. 482.) points out the\nFrench original from which Goldsmith borrowed his epigram beginning--\n\n  \"Here lies poor Ned Purdon.\"\n\nI find, in looking over Swift's works, a more literal version of this\nthan Goldsmith's:--\n\n  \"Well then, poor G---- lies under ground,\n    So there's an end of honest Jack;\n  So little justice here he found,\n   'Tis ten to one he'll ne'er come back.\"\n\nI should like to add two Queries:--Who was the Chevallier de Cailly (or\nd'Aceilly), the author of the French epigram mentioned by Mr. Singer?\nAnd--when did he live?\n\nH.C. DE ST. CROIX\n\n\n_An Infant Prodigy in 1659._--The following wonderful story is thus\nrelated by Archbishop Bramhall (Carte's _Letters_, ii. 208.: Dr.\nBramhall to Dr. Earles, Utrecht, Sept. 6-16, 1659):--\n\n    \"A child was born in London about three months since, with a\n    double tongue, or divided tongue, which the third day after it\n    was born, cried 'a King, a King,' and bid them bring it to the\n    King. The mother of the child saieth it told her of all that\n    happened in England since, and much more which she dare not\n    utter. This my lady of Inchiguin writeth to her aunt, _Me brow\n    van Melliswarde_[4], living in this city, who shewed me the\n    letter. My Lady writeth that she herself was as incredulous as\n    any person, until she both saw and heard it speak herself very\n    lately, as distinctly as she herself could do, and so loud that\n    all the room heard it. That which she heard was this. A\n    gentleman in the company took the child in his arms and gave it\n    money, and asked what it would do with it, to which it answered\n    aloud that it would give it to the King. If my Lady were so\n    foolish to be deceived, or had not been an eye and ear witness\n    herself, I might have disputed it; but giving credit to her, I\n    cannot esteem it less than a miracle. If God be pleased to\n    bestow a blessing upon us, he cannot want means.\"\n\nIt can hardly be doubted that the Archbishop's miracle was a\nventriloquist hoax.\n\nCH.\n\n    [Footnote 4: The name of the Dutch lady, mis-written for De\n    Vrouw, &c.]\n\n\n_Allusion in Peter Martyr._--Mr. Prescott, in his _History of the\nConquest of Mexico_ vol. i. p. 389. (ed. 8vo. 1843), quotes from Peter\nMartyr, _De Orbe Novo_, dec. 1. c. l., the words, \"Una illis fuit spes\nsalutis, desperasse de salute,\" applied to the Spanish invaders of\nMexico; and he remarks that \"it is said with the classic energy of\nTacitus.\" The {102} expression is classical, but is not derived from\nTacitus. The allusion is to the verse of Virgil:--\n\n  \"Una salus victis nullam sperare salutem.\"\n\n_\u00c6n._ ii. 354.\n\nL.\n\n\n_Hogs not Pigs._--In Cowper's humorous verses, \"The yearly Distress, or\nTithing-time at Stoke in Essex,\" one of the grumblers talks\n\n  \"of pigs that he has lost\n  By maggots at the tail.\"\n\nUpon this I have to remark that an intelligent grazier assures me that\npigs are never subject to the evil here complained of, but that lambs of\na year old, otherwise called \"hogs\" or \"hoggets,\" are often infested by\nit. It would appear, therefore, that the poet, misled by the ambiguous\nname, and himself knowing nothing of the matter but by report,\nattributed to pigs that which happens to the other kind of animal, viz.\nlambs a year old, which have not yet been shorn.\n\nJ. MN.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQUERIES.\n\nA QUERY AND REPLIES.\n\n_Plaister or Paster--Christian Captives--Members for Calais, &c._--In\nediting Tyndale's _Pathway_ (_Works_, vol. i. p. 22.), I allowed\npreceding editors to induce me to print _pastor_, where the oldest\nauthority had _paster_. As the following part of the sentence speaks of\n\"suppling and suaging wounds,\" I am inclined to suspect that \"paster\"\nmight be an old way of spelling, \"plaster.\" Can any of your\ncorrespondents supply me with any instance in which \"plaster\" or\n\"plaister\" is spelt \"paster\" by any old English writer?\n\nIn return for troubling you with this question, you may inform Mr.\nSansom, in answer to Query, Vol. ii., p. 41., that Hallam says, \"Not\nless than fifty gentlemen were sold for slaves at Barbadoes, under\nCromwell's government.\" (_Constit. Hist._, ch. x. note to p. 128., 4to.\nedit.) And though Walker exaggerated matters when he spoke \"a project to\nsell some of the most eminent masters of colleges, &c., to the Turks for\nslaves,\" Whitelock's _Memorials_ will inform him, under date of Sept.\n21, 1648, that the English Parliament directed one of its committees \"to\ntake care for transporting the Scotch prisoners, in the first place to\nsupply the plantations, and to send the rest to Venice.\"\n\nTo another, O.P.Q. (Vol. ii., p. 9.), you may state that the members for\nCalais in the time of Edw. VI., and in the first four parliaments of\nMary, may be seen in Willis' _Notitia Parliamentaria_, where their names\nare placed next to the members for the Cinque Ports. Willis states that\nthe return for Calais for the last parliament of Henry VIII is lost.\nTheir names indicate that they were English,--such as Fowler,\nMassingberd, &c.\n\nAs to umbrellas, there are Oriental scholars who can inform your\ninquirers that the word \"satrap\" is traceable to words whose purport is,\nthe bearer of an umbrella.\n\nAnother of your latest Querists may find the epigrams on George II.'s\n(not, as he imagines, Charles I.'s) different treatment of the two\nEnglish universities in Knox's _Elegent Extracts_. The lines he has\ncited are both from the same epigram, and, I think, from the first of\nthe two. They were occasioned by George. II's purchasing the library of\nDr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, and giving it to the university of Cambridge.\n\nThe admirer of another epigram has not given it exactly as I can\nremember it in a little book of emblems more than fifty years ago:--\n\n  \"'Tis an excellent world that we live in,\n  To lend, to spend, or to give in;\n  But to borrow or beg, or get a man's own,\n  'Tis just the worst world that ever was known.\"\n\nH. WALTER.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLETTERS OF QUEEN ELIZABETH AND PHILIP II. OF SPAIN.\n\nPerhaps some of your readers may be able to inform me whether any of the\nfollowing letters between Queen Elizabeth and Philip II. of Spain,\nextracted from the archives of Simancas, have yet appeared in print:--\n\n1. Queen Elizabeth to Philip II., January 9, 1562-3.\n\n2. Answer, April 2, 1563.\n\n3. Philip II.'s reply to the English ambassador in the case of Bishop\nCuadra, April, 1563.\n\n4. Charges made in England against the Bishop of Aquila, Philip's\nambassador, and the answers.\n\n5. Queen Elizabeth to Philip II., January 18, 1569.\n\n6. Philip to Elizabeth, May 9, 1569.\n\n7. Elizabeth to Philip, March 20, 1571.\n\n8. Answer, June 4, 1571.\n\n9. Declaration of the Council to the Spanish ambassador Don Gueran de\nEspes, Dec. 14, 1571.\n\n10. The ambassador's answer.\n\n11. Elizabeth to Philip, Dec. 16, 1571.\n\n12. Bermandino de Mendoza to Philip II., in cypher, London, January 26,\n1584.\n\n13. Philip to Elizabeth, July, 16, 1568.\n\n14. Duke of Alva to Philip II., January 14, 1572.\n\n15. Minutes of a letter from Philip II. to Don Gueran de Espes, February\n24, 1572.\n\nA.M.\n\n       *       *       *       *       * {103}\n\nMINOR QUERIES.\n\n_The New Temple._--As your correspondent L.B.L. states (Vol. ii., p.\n75.) that he has transcribed a MS. survey of the Hospitallers' lands in\nEngland, taken in 1338, he will do me a great kindness if he will\nextract so much of it as contains a description of the New Temple in\nLondon, of which they became possessed just before that date. It will\nprobably state whether it was then in the occupation of themselves or\nothers: and, even if it does not throw any light on the tradition that\nthe lawyers were then established there, or explain the division into\nthe Inner and Middle Temple, it will at least give some idea of the\nboundaries, and perhaps determine whether the site of Essex House,\nwhich, in an ancient record is called the Outer Temple, was then\ncomprehended within them.\n\nEDWARD FOSS.\n\n\n\"_Junius Identified._\"--The name of \"John Taylor\" is affixed to the\nPreface, and there can be little doubt, I presume, that Mr. John Taylor\nwas literally _the writer_ of this work. It has, however, already become\na question of some interest, to what extent he was assisted by Mr.\nDubois. The late Mr. George Woodfall always spoke of the pamphlet as the\nwork of Dubois. Lord Campbell, in his _Lives of the Chancellors_,\npublished a statement by Lady Francis in respect to Sir Philip's claim\nto the authorship of _Junius' Letters_, and thus introduced it--\"I am\nindebted for it to the kindness of my old and excellent friend, Mr.\nEdward Dubois, _the ingenious author of 'Junius Identified'_\" Mr. Dubois\nwas then, and Mr. Taylor is now living, and both remained silent. Sir\nFortunatus Dwarris, the intimate friend of Dubois, states that he was\n\"_a connection_ of Sir Philip Francis\", and that the pamphlet is \"said,\nI know not with what truth, to have been prepared under the eye of Sir\nPhilip Francis, it may be, through the agency of Dubois.\" Dubois was\ncertainly connected with, though not, I believe, related to Sir Philip;\nand at the time of the publication he was also connected with Mr.\nTaylor. I hope, under these circumstances, that Mr. Taylor will think it\nright to favour you with a statement of the facts, that future\n\"Note\"-makers may not perplex future editors with endless \"Queries\" on\nthe subject.\n\nR.J.\n\n\n_Mildew in Books._--Can you, or any of your readers, suggest a\npreventive for mildew in books?\n\nIn a valuable public library in this town (Liverpool), much injury has\nbeen occasioned by mildew, the operations of which appear very\ncapricious; in some cases attacking the printed part of an engraving,\nleaving the margin unaffected; in others attacking the inside of the\nbacks _only_; and in a few instances it attacks all parts with the\nutmost impartiality.\n\nAny hints as to cause or remedy will be most acceptable.\n\nB.\n\n\n_George Herbert's Burial-place._--Can any of your correspondents inform\nme where the venerable George Herbert, rector of Bemerton, co. Wilts.,\nwas buried, and whether there is any monument of him existing in any\nchurch?\n\nJ.R. Fox.\n\n\n_The Earl of Essex, and \"The Finding of the Rayned Deer.\"_--\n\n    \"There is a boke printed at Franker in Friseland, in English,\n    entitled _The Finding of the Rayned Deer_, but it bears title to\n    be printed in Antwerp, it should say to be done by som prieste\n    in defence of the late Essex's tumult.\"\n\nThe above is the postscript to a letter of the celebrated Father Parsons\nwritten \"to one Eure, in England\", April 30, 1601, a contemporary copy\nof which exists in the State Paper Office [Rome,] Whitehall. Can any of\nyour readers tell me whether anything is known of this book?\n\nSPES.\n\nJune 28. 1850.\n\n\n_The Lass of Richmond Hill._--I should be much obliged by being informed\nwho wrote the _words_ of the above song, and when, if it was produced\noriginally at some place of public entertainment. The Rev. Thomas\nMaurice, in his elegant poem on Richmond Hill, has considered it to have\nbeen written upon a Miss Crop, who committed suicide on that spot, April\n23rd, 1782; but he was evidently misinformed, as it appeared some few\nyears later, and had no reference to that event. I have heard it\nattributed to Leonard Mac Nally, a writer of some dramatic pieces, but\non no certain grounds; and it may have been a Vauxhall song about the\nyear 1788. The music was by James Hook, the father of Theodore Hook.\n\nQU\u00c6RO.\n\n\n_Curfew._--In what towns or villages in England is the old custom of\nringing the curfew still retained?\n\nNABOC.\n\n\n_Alumni of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester._--Are the alumni of the\nvarious colleges of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester, published from an\nearly period, and the various preferments they held, similar to the one\npublished at Eton.\n\nJ.R. Fox.\n\n\n_St. Leger's Life of Archbishop Walsh._--In Doctor Oliver's _History of\nthe Jesuits_, it is stated that William St. Leger, an Irish member of\nthat Society, wrote the _Life of Thomas Walsh, Archbishop of Cashel_, in\nIreland, published in 4to. at Antwerp in 1655. Can any of your numerous\nreaders inform me if a copy of this work is to be found in the British\nMuseum, or any other public library, and something of its contents?\n\nJ.W.H. {104}\n\n\n_Query put to a Pope._--\n\n  \"Sancte Pater! scire vellem\n  Si Papatus mutat pellem?\"\n\nI have been told that these lines were addressed to one of the popes,\nwhose life, before his elevation to the see of St. Peter, had been\npassed in excesses but little suited to the clerical profession.\n\nThey were addressed to him _orally_, by one of his former associates,\nwho met and stopped him while on his way to or from some high festival\nof the Church, and who plucked aside, as he spoke, the gorgeous robes in\nwhich his quondam fellow-reveller was dressed.\n\nThe reply of the pope was prompt, and, like the question, in a rhyming\nLatin couplet. I wish, if possible, to discover, the name of the\npope;--the terms of his reply;--the name of the bold man who \"_put him\nto the question_;\"--by what writer the anecdote is recorded, or on what\nauthority it rests.\n\nC. FORBES.\n\nTemple.\n\n\n_The Carpenter's Maggot._--I have in my possession a MS. tune called the\n\"Carpenter's Maggot,\" which, until within the last few years, was played\n(I know for nearly a century) at the annual dinner of the Livery of the\nCarpenters' Company. Can any of your readers inform me where the\noriginal is to be found, and also the origin of the word \"Maggot\" as\napplied to a tune?\n\nF.T.P.\n\n\n_Lord Delamere._--Can any of your readers give me the words of a song\ncalled \"Lord Delamere,\" beginning:\n\n  \"I wonder very much that our sovereign king,\n  So many large taxes upon this land should bring.\"\n\nAnd inform me to what political event this song, of which I have an\nimperfect MS. copy, refers.\n\nEDWARD PEACOCK, JUN.\n\n\n_Henry and the Nut-brown Maid._--SEARCH would be obliged for any\ninformation as to the authorship of this beautiful ballad.\n\n    [Mr. Wright, in his handsome black-letter reprint, published by\n    Pickering in 1836, states, that \"it is impossible to fix the\n    date of this ballad,\" and has not attempted to trace the\n    authorship. We shall be very glad if SEARCH's Query should\n    produce information upon either of these points.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPLIES.\n\nFRENCH POEM BY MALHERBE.\n\nThe two stanzas your correspondent E.R.C.B. has cited (Vol. ii., p. 71.)\nare from an elegiac poem by MALHERBE (who died in 1628, at the good old\nage of seventy-three), which is entitled _Consolation \u00e0 Monsieur Du\nPerrier sur la Mort de sa Fille_. It has always been a great favorite of\nmine; for, like Gray's Elegy and the celebrated _Coplas_ of Jorge\nManrique on the death of his father, beside its philosophic moralising\nstrain, it has that pathetic character which makes its way at once to\nthe heart. I will transcribe the first four stanzas for the sake of the\nbeauty of the fourth:--\n\n  \"Ta douleur, Du Perrier, sera done \u00e9ternelle,\n     Et les tristes discours\n  Que te met en l'esprit l'amiti\u00e9 paternelle\n     L'augmenteront toujours.\n\n  \"Le malheur de ta fille au tombeau descendue,\n     Par un commun tr\u00e9pas,\n  Est-ce quelque d\u00e9dale, o\u00f9 ta raison perdue\n     Ne se retrouve pas?\n\n  \"Je sai de quels appas son enfance estoit pleine;\n     Et n'ay pas entrepris,\n  Injurieux ami, de soulager ta peine\n     Avecque son m\u00e9pris.\n\n  \"Mais elles estoit du monde, o\u00f9 les plus belles choses\n     Ont le pire destin:\n  Et Rose elle a v\u00e9cu ce que vivent les roses,\n     L'espace d'un matin.\"\n\nThe whole poem consists of twenty-one stanzas and should be read as a\nwhole; but there are several other striking passages. The consolation\nthe poet offers to his friend breathes the spirit of Epictetus:--\n\n  \"De moy, d\u00e9j\u00e0 deux fois d'une pareille foudre\n     Je me suis vu perclus,\n  Et deux fois la raison m'a si bien fait resoudre,\n     Qu'il ne m'en souvient plus.\n\n  \"Non qu'il ne me soit grief que la terre poss\u00e8de\n     Ce qui me fut si cher;\n  Mais en un accident qui n'a point de rem\u00e8de,\n     II n'en faut point chercher.\"\n\nThen follow the two stanzas cited by your correspondent, and the closing\nverse is:--\n\n  \"De murmurer contre-elle et perdre patience,\n     Il est mal-\u00e0-propos:\n  Vouloir ce que Dieu veut, est la seule science\n     Qui nous met en repos.\"\n\nThe stanza beginning \"Le pauvre en sa cabane,\" is an admirable imitation\nof the \"Pallida mors \u00e6quo pulsat pede,\" &c. of Horace, which a\ncountryman of the poet is said to have less happily rendered \"La p\u00e2le\nmort avec son pied de cheval,\" &c.\n\nMalherbe has been duly appreciated in France: his works, in one edition,\nare accompanied by an elaborate comment by Menage and Chevreau: Racan\nwrote his life, and Godeau, Bishop of Vence, a panegyrical preface. He\nwas a man of wit, and ready at an impromptu; yet it is said, that in\nwriting a consolotary poem to the President de Verdun, on the death of\nhis wife, he was so long {105} in bringing his verses to that degree of\nperfection which satisfied his own fastidious taste, that the president\nwas happily remarried, and the consolation not at all required.\n\nBishop Hurd, in a note on the _Epistle to Augustus_, p. 72., says:\n\n    \"Malherbe was to the French pretty much what Horace had been to\n    Latin poetry. These great writers had, each of them, rescued the\n    lyric muse of their country out of the rude ungracious hands of\n    their old poets. And, as their talents of a _good ear_, _elegant\n    judgment_, and _correct expression_, were the same, they\n    presented her to the public in all the air and grace, and yet\n    _severity_, of beauty, of which her form was susceptible.\"\n\nS.W. SINGER.\n\nMickleham, July 2. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"DIES IR\u00c6, DIES ILLA.\"\n\nIn reply to the first of Mr. SIMPSON's Queries (Vol. ii., p. 72.)\nrelative to the magnificent sequence _Dies ir\u00e6_, I beg to say that the\nauthor of it is utterly unknown. The following references may be\nsufficient:--Card. Bona, _Rer. Liturgic._ lib. ii. cap. vi. p. 336.,\nRom\u00e6, 1671; or, if possible, Sala's edition, tom. iii. p 143., Aug.\nTurin. 1753; Gavantus, tom. i. pp. 274-5., Lugd. 1664; and the\n_Additions_ by Merati, i. 117-18., Aug. Vindel, 1740; Zaccaria,\n_Biblioth. Ritual._ tom. i. p. 34., Rom\u00e6, 1776; Oldoini Addit. ad\nCiaconii _Vit. Pontiff. et Cardd._, tom. ii. col. 222., Rom\u00e6, 1677.\n\nMr. SIMPSON's second question is, \"In what book was it first printed?\"\nJoannes de Palentia, in his notes upon the _Ordinarium PP. Pr\u00e6d._,\nasserts that this celebrated prose was first introduced into the Venice\neditions of the Missals printed for the Dominicans. The oldest _Missale\nPr\u00e6dicatorum_ which I possess, or have an opportunity of seeing, is a\ncopy of the Parisian impression of the year 1519; and herein the _Dies\nir\u00e6_ is inserted in the _Commemoratio Defunctorum_; mens. Novemb. sig.\nM. 5.\n\nAn inquiry remains as to the date of the general adoption of this\nsequence by the Roman Church. In Quetif and Echard (_Scriptt. Ord.\nPr\u00e6d._ i. 437.), under the name of Latinus Malabranca, we read that it\ncertainly was not in use in the year 1255; and there does not appear to\nbe the slightest evidence of its admission, even upon private authority,\ninto the office for the dead anterior to the commencement of the\nfifteenth century.\n\nYour correspondent was not mistaken in his belief that he had met with\nan imperfect transcript of this prose, for the original consists not of\n\"twenty-seven,\" but of _fifty-seven_ lines. I may add that I do not\nremember to have found the text more correctly given than in the\nbeautiful folio missal of the church of Augsburg, partly printed on\nvellum in 1555 (fol. 466. b.).\n\nR.G.\n\n\nThe _Dies Ir\u00e6_ is truly said by Mr. SPARROW SIMPSON (Vol. ii., p. 72.)\nto be an extremely beautiful hymn. Who was its author is very doubtful,\nbut the probabilities are in favour of Thomas de Celano, a Minorite\nfriar, who lived during the second half of the fourteenth century. It\nconsists of nineteen strophes, each having three lines. Bartholomew of\nPisa, A.D. 1401, in his _Liber Conformitatum_, speaks of it; but the\nearliest printed book in which I have ever seen this hymn, is the\n_Missale Romanum_, printed at Pavia, A.D. 1491, in 8vo., a copy of which\nI have in my possession.\n\nD. ROCK.\n\nBuckland, Faringdon.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDR. SAMUEL OGDEN.\n\nIn reply to your correspondent TWYFORD (Vol. ii., p. 73.), the original\nof the common surname _Ogden_ is doubtless Oakden. A place so called is\nsituated in Butterworth, Lancashire, and gave name to a\nfamily,--possibly extinct in the sixteenth century. A clergymam, whose\nname partook both of the original and its corruption, was vicar of\nBradford, 1556, viz Dus Tho. _Okden_. The arms and crest borne by the\nOakdens were both allusive to the name, certainly without any reference\nto King Charles's hiding-place.\n\nDr. Samuel Ogden, born in 1716 at Winchester, was the son of Thomas\nOgden, a man of very humble origin: but he had the merit of giving a\nliberal education to one whose natural talents well deserved culture;\nand both his parents, in the decline of life, owed their support to\nOgden's filial piety and affection. Cole is quite mistaken in fixing the\nfather's residence at Mansfield, and in stating that he had been in the\narmy. The monument, spoken of by Cole, is not at Mansfield, but in the\ncathedral of Manchester: nor is it a memorial of Dr. Ogden. It was\nplaced by him in memory of his _father_. Ogden was buried in his own\nchurch, St. Sephlchre's, Cambridge.\n\nThe following epigram, it is believed, has not been printed. It is\ntranscribed from a letter in my possession, addressed by the first Lord\nAlvanley, when at college, to his former tutor, Mr. Thyer, editor of\n_Butler's Remains_:--\n\n  \"When Ogden his prosaic verse\n    In Latin numbers drest,\n  The Roman language prov'd too weak\n    To stand the Critic's test.\n\n  \"To English Rhyme he next essay'd,\n    To show he'd some pretence;\n  But ah! Rhyme only would not do--\n    They still expected Sense.\n\n  \"Enrag'd, the Doctor said he'd place\n    In Critics no reliance,\n  So wrapt his thoughts in Arabic,\n    And bad them all defiance.\"\n\nJ.H. MARKLAND.\n\n       *       *       *       *       * {106}\n\n_Ogden Family_ (Vol. ii., p. 73.).--Perhaps the representatives of the\nlate Thomas Ogden, Esq., and who was a private banker at Salisbury\nprevious to 1810 (presuming he was a member of the family mentioned by\nyour correspondent TWYFORD), might be able to furnish him with the\ninformation he seeks.\n\nJ.R. FOX.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Porson's Imposition_ (Vol. i., p. 71.) is indeed, I believe, an\n_imposition_. The last line quoted (and I suppose all the rest) can\nhardly be Porson's, for Mr. Langton amused Johnson, Boswell, and a\ndinner party at General Oglethorpe's, on the 14th of April, 1778, with\nsome macaronic Greek \"by _Joshua Barnes_, in which are to be found such\ncomical Anglo-hellenisms as [Greek: klubboisin ebagchthae] they were\nbanged with clubs.\" Boswell's _Johnson_, last ed. p. 591.\n\nC.\n\n\n_The Three Dukes_ (Vol. ii., pp. 9, 46, 91.).--Andrew Marvel thus makes\nmention of the outrage on the beadle in his letter to the Mayor of Hull,\nFeb. 28, 1671 (_Works_, i. 195.):--\n\n    \"On Saturday night last, or rather Sunday morning, at two\n    o'clock, some persons reported to be of great quality, together\n    with other gentlemen, set upon the watch and killed a poor\n    beadle, praying for his life upon his knees, with many wounds;\n    warrants are out for apprehending some of them, but they are\n    fled.\"\n\nI am not aware of any contemporary authority for the names of the three\ndukes; and a difficulty in the way of assigning them by conjecture is,\nthat in the poem they are called \"three bastard dukes.\" Your\ncorrespondent C. has rightly said (p. 46.) that none of Charles II.'s\nbastard sons besides Monmouth would have been old enough in 1671 to be\nactors in such a fray. Sir Walter Scott, in his notes on _Absalom and\nAchitophel_, referring to the poem, gives the assault to Monmouth and\nsome of his brothers; but he did so, probably, without considering\ndates, and on the strength of the words \"three bastard dukes.\"\n\nMr. Lister, in the passage in his _Life of Clarendon_ referred to by Mr.\nCooper (p. 91.), gives no authority for his mention of Albemarle. I\nshould like to know if Mr. Wade has any other authority than Mr. Lister\nfor this statement in his useful compilation.\n\nWere it certain that three dukes were engaged in this fray, and were we\nnot restricted to \"bastards,\" I should say that Monmouth, Albemarle, and\nRichmond (who married the beautiful Miss Stuart, and killed himself by\ndrinking) would probably be the three culprits. As regards Albemarle, he\nmight perhaps have been called bastard without immoderate use of\nlibeller's licence.\n\nIf three dukes did murder the beadle, it is strange that their names\nhave not been gibbeted in many of the diaries and letters which we have\nof that period. And this is the more strange, as this assault took place\njust after the attack on Sir John Coventry, which Monmouth instigated,\nand which had created so much excitement.\n\nThe question is not in itself of much importance; but I can suggest a\nmode in which it may possibly be settled. Let the royal pardons of 1671\nbe searched in the Rolls' Chapel, Chancery Lane. If the malefactors were\npardoned by name, the three dukes may there turn up. Or if any of your\nreaders is able to look through the Domestic Papers for February and\nMarch, 1671, in the State Paper Office, he would be likely to find there\ncome information upon the subject.\n\nQuery. Is the doggerel poem in the _State Poems_ Marvel's? Several poems\nwhich are ascribed to him are as bad in versification, and, I need not\nsay, in coarseness.\n\nQuery 2. Is there any other authority for Queen Catharine's fondness for\ndancing than the following lines of the poem?\n\n  \"See what mishaps dare e'en invade Whitehall,\n  This silly fellow's death puts off the ball,\n  And disappoints the Queen's foot, little Chuck;\n  I warrant 'twould have danced it like a duck.\"\n\nCH.\n\n\n_Kant's S\u00e4mmtliche Werke._--Under the head of \"Books and Odd Volumes\"\n(Vol. ii., p. 59.), there is a Query respecting the XIth part of Kant's\n_S\u00e4mmtliche Werke_, to which I beg to reply that it was published at\nLeipzig, in two portions, in 1842. It consists of Kant's Letters,\nPosthumous Fragments, and Biography. The work was completed by a 12th\nvol., containing a history of the Kantian Philosophy, by Carl\nRosenkranz, one of the editors of this edition of Kant.\n\nJ.M.\n\n\n_Becket's Mother_ (Vol. i., pp. 415. 490.; vol. ii., p. 78.).--Although\nthe absence of any contemporaneous relation of this lady's romantic\nhistory may raise a reasonable doubt of its authenticity, it seems to\nderive indirect confirmation from the fact, that the hospital founded by\nBecket's sister shortly after his death, on the spot where he was born,\npart of which is now the Mercers' chapel in Cheapside, was called \"The\nHospital of St. Thomas the Martyr _of Acon_.\" Erasmus, also, in his\n_Pilgrimages to Walsingham and Canterbury_ (see J.G. Nichol's excellent\ntranslation and notes, pp. 47. 120.), says that the archbishop was\ncalled \"Thomas _Acrensis_.\"\n\nEdward Foss.\n\n\n_\"Imprest\" and \"Debenture.\"_--Perhaps the following may be of some use\nto D.V.S. (Vol. ii., p. 40.) in his search for the verbal raw material\nout of which these words were manufactured.\n\nTheir origin may, I think, be found in the Latin terms used in the\nancient accounts of persons {107} officially employed by the crown to\nexpress transactions somewhat similar to those for which they appear to\nbe now used. Persons conversant with those records must frequently have\nmet with cases where money advanced, paid on account, or as earnest, was\ndescribed as \"de prestito\" or \"in prestitis.\" Ducange gives \"pr\u00e6stare\"\nand its derivatives as meaning \"mutuo dare\" with but little variation;\nbut I think that too limited a sense. The practice of describing a\ndocument itself by the use of the material or operative parts expressing\nor defining the transaction for which it was employed, is very common.\nIn legal and documentary proceedings, it is indeed the only one that is\nfollowed. Let D.V.S. run over and compare any of the well-known\ndescriptions of writs, as _habeas corpus_, _mandamus_, _fi. fa._: or\nlook into Cowell's _Interpreter_, or a law dictionary, and he will see\nnumerous cases where terms now known as the names of certain documents\nare merely the operative parts of Latin _formul\u00e6_. \"Imprest\" seems to be\na slightly corrupted translation of \"in prestito;\" that part of the\ninstrument being thus made to give its name to the whole. Of \"debenture\"\nI think there is little doubt that it may be similarly explained. Those\nRecord Offices which possess the ancient accounts and vouchers of\nofficers of the royal household contain numerous \"debentures\" of the\nthirteenth, but far more of the fourteenth, century. In this case the\n_initial_ is the chief operative word: those relating to the royal\nwardrobe, commencing \"Debentur in garderoba domini regis,\" being in fact\nmerely memorandums expressing or acknowledging that certain sums of\nmoney \"are owing\" for articles supplied for the use of that department.\nIt is well known that the royal exchequer was, at the time these\ndocuments were executed, often in great straits; and it seems to me\nscarcely doubtful that these early \"debentures\" were actually delivered\nover to tradesmen, &c., as security for the amount due to them, and\ngiven in to be cancelled when the debts were discharged by the Exchequer\nofficers.\n\nThere is a remarkable feature about these ancient \"debentures\" which I\nmay perhaps be permitted to notice here, viz., the very beautiful seals\nof the officers of the royal household and wardrobe which are impressed\nupon them. They are of the somewhat rare description known as\n\"appliqu\u00e9;\" and at a time when personal seals were at the highest state\nof artistic developement, those few seals of the clerks of the household\nwhich have escaped injury (to which they are particularly exposed) are\nunrivalled for their clearness of outline, design, delicacy, and beauty\nof execution.\n\nAllowing for the changes produced by time, I think sufficient analogy\nmay be found between the ancient and modern uses of the words \"imprest\"\nand \"debenture.\"\n\nJ. BT.\n\n\n\"_Imprest_\" (Vol. ii., p. 40).--D.V.S. will find an illustration of the\nearly application of this word to advances made by the Treasury in the\n\"Rotulus de _Prestito_\" of 12 John, printed by the Record Commission\nunder the careful editorship of Mr. T. Duffus Hardy, whose preface\ncontains a clear definition of its object, and an account of other\nexisting rolls of the same character.\n\nEDWARD FOSS.\n\n\n_Derivation of News._--P.C.S.S. has read with great interest the various\nobservations on the derivation of the word \"News\" which have appeared in\nthe \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" and especially those of the learned and\ningenious Mr. Hickson. He ventures, however, with all respect, to differ\nfrom the opinion expressed by that gentleman in Vol. i., p. 81., to the\neffect that--\n\n    \"In English, there is no process known by which a noun plural\n    can be formed from an adjective, without the previous formation\n    of the singular in the same sense.\"\n\nP.C.S.S. would take the liberty of reminding Mr. H. of the following\npassage in the _Tempest_:--\n\n                 \"When that is gone,\n  He shall drink nought but brine, for I'll not show him\n  Where the quick freshes lie.\"\n\nSurely, in this instance, the plural noun \"freshes\" is not formed from\nany such singular noun as \"_fresh_,\" but directly from the adjective,\nwhich latter does not seem to have been ever used as a singular _noun_.\n\nWhile on the subject of \"News,\" P.C.S.S. finds in Pepys' _Diary_ (vol.\niii. p. 59.) another application of the word, in the sense of a noun\nsingular, which he does not remember to have seen noticed by others.\n\n    \"Anon, the coach comes--in the meantime, there coming a _news_\n    thither, with his horse to come over.\"\n\nIn other parts of the _Diary_, the word _News-book_ is occasionally\nemployed to signify what is now termed a newspaper, or, more properly, a\nbulletin. For instance (vol. iii. p. 29.), we find that--\n\n    \"This _News-book_, upon Mr. Moore's showing L'Estrange Captain\n    Ferrers's letter, did do my Lord Sandwich great right as to the\n    late victory.\"\n\nAnd again (at p. 51.):\n\n    \"I met this noon with Dr. Barnett, who told me, and I find in\n    the _News-book_ this week, that he posted upon the 'Change,'\"\n    &c. &c.\n\nMuch has been lately written in the \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" respecting the\n\"Family of Love.\" A sect of a similar name existed here in 1641, and a\nfull and not very decent description of their rites and orgies is to be\nfound in a small pamphlet of that date, reprinted in the fourth volume\n(8vo. ed.) of the _Harleian Miscellany_.\n\nP.C.S.S. {108}\n\n\n_Origin of Adur_ (Vol. ii., p. 71.).--A, derived from the same root as\nAqua and the French _Eau_, is a frequent component of the names of\nrivers: \"A-dur, A-run, A-von, A-mon,\" the adjunct being supposed to\nexpress the individual characteristic of the stream. _A-dur_ would then\nmean the _river of oaks_, which its course from Horsham Forest through\nthe Weald of Sussex, of which \"oak is the weed,\" would sufficiently\njustify. It is called in ancient geography _Adurnus_, and is probably\nfrom the same root as the French _Adour_.\n\nC.\n\n\nThe river Adur, which passes by Shoreham, is the same name as the Adour,\na great river in the Western Pyrenees.\n\nThis coincidence seems to show that it is neither a Basque word, nor a\nSaxon. Whether it is a mere expansion of _ydwr_, the water, in Welch, I\ncannot pretend to say, but probably it includes it.\n\nWe have the Douro in Spain; and the Doire, or Doria, in Piedmont.\nPompadour is clearly derived from the above French river, or some other\nof the same name.\n\nC.B.\n\n\n_Meaning of Steyne_ (Vol. ii., P. 71.).--Steyne is no doubt _stone_, and\nmay have reference to the original name of Brighthelm-_stone_: but what\nthe _stone_ or \"steyne\" was, I do not conjecture; but it lay or stood\nprobably on that little flat valley now called the \"Steyne.\" It is said\nthat, so late as the time of Elizabeth, the town was encompassed by a\nhigh and strong _stone wall_; but that could have no influence on the\nname, which, whether derived from Bishop _Brighthelm_ or not, is\nassuredly of Saxon times. There is a small town not far distant called\n_Steyning, i.e._ the meadow of the stone. In my early days, the name was\ninvariably pronounced Brighthamstone.\n\nC.\n\n\n_Sarum and Barum_ (Vol. ii., p. 21.).--As a conjecture, I would suggest\nthe derivation of _Sarum_ may have been this. Salisbury was as\nfrequently written Sarisbury. The contracted form of this was Sap., the\nordinary import of which is the termination of the Latin genitive plural\n_rum_. Thus an imperfectly educated clerk would be apt to read _Sarum_\ninstead of Sarisburia; and the error would pass current, until one\nreading was accepted for right as much as the other. In other instances\nwe adopt the Law Latin or Law French of medi\u00e6val times; as the county of\n_Oxon_ for Oxfordshire, _Salop_ for Shropshire, &c., and _Durham_ is\ngenerally supposed to be French (_Duresmm_), substituted for the\nAnglo-Saxon Dunholm, in Latin _Dunelmum_. I shall perhaps be adding a\ncircumstance of which few readers will be aware, in remarking that the\nBishops of Durham, down to the present day, take alternately the Latin\nand French signatures, _Duresm_ and _Dunelm_.\n\nJ.G.N.\n\n\n\"_Epigrams on the Universities_\" (Vol. ii., p. 88.).--The following\nextract frown Hartshorne's _Book-rarities in the University of\nCambridge_ will fully answer the Query of your Norwich correspondent.\n\nAfter mentioning, the donation to that University, by George I., of the\nvaluable library of Dr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, which his Majesty had\npurchased for 6,000 guineas, the author adds,--\n\n    \"When George I. sent these books to the University, he sent at\n    the time a troop of horse to Oxford, which gave occasion to the\n    following well-known epigram from Dr. Trapp, smart in its way,\n    but not so clever as the answer from Sir William Browne:--\n\n      \"The King, observing, with judicious eyes,\n      The state of both his Universities,\n      To one he sent a regiment; for why?\n      That learned body wanted loyalty:\n      To th' other he sent books, as well discerning\n      How much that loyal body wanted learning.\"\n\n      _The Answer._\n\n      \"The King to Oxford sent his troop of horse,\n      For Tories hold no argument but force:\n      With equal care to Cambridge books he sent,\n      For Whigs allow no force but argument.\n\n\"The books were received Nov. 19, 20, &c., 1715.\"\n\nG.A.S.\n\n    [J.J. DREDGE, V. (Belgravia), and many other correspondents,\n    have also kindly replied to this Query.]\n\n\n_Dulcarnon_ (Vol. i., p. 254.)--_Urry_ says nothing, but quotes\n_Speght_, and _Skene_, and _Selden_.\n\n\"_Dulcarnon_,\" says Speght, \"is a proposition in _Euclid_ (lib. i.\ntheor. 33. prop. 47.), which was found out by Pythagoras after a whole\nyears' study, and much beating of his brain; in thankfulness whereof he\nsacrificed an ox to the gods, which sacrifice he called Dulcarnon.\"\n\n_Neckam_ derived it from _Dulia quasi sacrificium_ and _carnis_.\n\n_Skene_ justly observes that the triumph itself cannot be the point; but\nthe word might get associated with the problem, either considered before\nits solution, puzzling to _Pythagoras_, or the demonstration, still\ndifficult to us,--a Pons Asinorum, like the 5th proposition.\n\nMr. _Selden_, in his preface to _Drayton's Polyolbion_, says,--\n\n    \"I cannot but digresse to admonition of abuse which this learned\n    allusion, in his _Troilus_, by ignorance hath indured.\n\n      \"'I am till God mee better mind send,\n      At _Dulcarnon_, right at my wit's end.'\n\n    It's not _Neckam_, or any else, that can make mee entertaine the\n    least thought of the signification of _Dulcarnon_ to be\n    _Pythagorus_ his sacrifice after his geometricall theorem in\n    finding the square of an orthogonall triangle's sides, or that\n    it is a word of _Latine_ deduction: but, indeed, by easier\n    pronunciation it was made of D'hulkarnyan[5], i.e. _two-horned_\n    which the _Mahometan Arabians_ {109} vie for a root in\n    calculation, meaning _Alexander_, as that great dictator of\n    knowledge, _Joseph Scaliger_ (with some ancients) wills, but, by\n    warranted opinion of my learned friend Mr. _Lydyat_, in his\n    _Emendatio Temporum_, it began in _Seleucus Nicanor_, XII yeares\n    after _Alexander's_ death. The name was applyed, either because\n    after time that _Alexander_ had persuaded himself to be _Jupiter\n    Hammon's_ sonne, whose statue was with _Ram's_ hornes, both his\n    owne and his successors' coins were stampt with horned images:\n    or else in respect of his II pillars erected in the East as a\n    _Nihil ultra_[6] of his conquest, and some say because hee had\n    in power the Easterne and Westerne World, signified in the two\n    hornes. But howsoever, it well fits the passage, either, as if\n    hee had personated _Creseide_ at the entrance of two wayes, not\n    knowing which to take; in like sense as that of _Prodicus_ his\n    _Hercules_, _Pythagoras_ his _Y._, or the Logicians _Dilemma_\n    expresse; or else, which is the truth of his conceit, that hee\n    was at a _nonplus_, as the interpretation in his next staffe\n    makes plaine. How many of noble _Chaucer's_ readers never so\n    much as suspect this his short essay of knowledge, transcending\n    the common Rode? And by his treatise of the _Astrolabe_ (which,\n    I dare sweare, was chiefly learned out of _Messahalah_) it is\n    plaine hee was much acquainted with the mathematiques, and\n    amongst their authors had it.\"\n\n_D'Herbelot_ says:\n\n    \"_Dhoul_ (or _Dhu_) _carnun_, _with the two horns_, is the\n    surname of _Alexander_, that is, of an ancient and fabulous\n    Alexander of the first dynasty of the Persians. 795. Article\n    Sedd, Tagioug and Magioug. 993. Article Khedher. 395. b. 335. b.\n    Fael.\n\n    \"But 317. Escander, he says, Alexander the Great has the same\n    title secondarily. The truth probably is the reverse, that the\n    fabulous personage was taken from the real conqueror.\n\n    \"_Hofmann_, in Seleucus, says that the area of Seleucus is\n    called Terik Dhylkarnain, i.e. Epocha Alexandri Cornigen. Tarik\n    means probably the date of an event.\"\n\nThere can be no doubt that the word in Chaucer is this Arabic word; nor,\nI think, that Speght's story is really taught by the Arabs, our teachers\nin mathematics. Whether the application is from Alexander, (they would\nknow nothing of his date with regard to Pythagoras), or merely from\ntwo-horned, is doubtful. The latter might possibly mean the ox.\n\nMr. Halliwell gives a quotation from Stanyhurst, in which it means \"dull\npersons\"--an obvious misuse of it for Englishmen, and which Skene\nfortifies by an A.-S. derivation, but which is clearly not Cressida's\nmeaning, or she would have said, \"I _am_ Dulcarnon,\" not \"I _am at_\nDulcarnon;\" and so Mrs. Roper.\n\nIt may seem difficult what Pandarus can mean:\n\n  \"Dulcarnon clepid is fleming of wretches,\n  It semith hard, for wretchis wol nought lere\n  For very slouthe, or othir wilfull tetches,\n  This said is by them that ben't worth two fetches,\n  But ye ben wise.\"\n\nWhether he means that wretches call it _fleming_ or not, his argument\nis, \"You are not a wretch.\" Speght's derivation seems to mean, \"Quod\nstultos vertit.\" _Fleamas_, A.-S. (Lye), is _fuga_, _fugacio_, from\n_flean_, to flee. Pandarus, I think, does not mean to give the\nderivation of the word, but its application of fools, a stumbling-block,\nor puzzle.\n\nC.B.\n\n    [Footnote 5: Speght gives it in English letters, but Selden in\n    Arabic.]\n\n    [Footnote 6: Christman, _Comment. in Alfragan_, cap. ii.\n    _Lysimachi_ Cornuum apud Cael. Rhodigin. _Antiq. lect._ 10. cap.\n    xii., hic genuina interpretatio.]\n\n\n_Dr. Maginn._--The best account of this most talented but unfortunate\nman, is given in the _Dublin University Mag._, vol. xxiii. p. 72. A\nreprint of this article, with such additional particulars of his\nnumerous and dispersed productions as might be supplied, would form a\nmost acceptable volume.\n\nF.R.A.\n\n\n_America known to the Ancients._--To the list of authorities on this\nsubject given in Vol. i., p. 342., I have the pleasure to add Father\nLaffiteau; Bossu[7], in his _Travels through Louisiana_; and though\nlast, not least, Acosta, who in his _Naturall and Morall Historie of the\nEast and West Indies_, translated by E.G. [Grimestone], 1604, 4to.,\ndevotes eighty-one pages to a review of the opinions of the ancients on\nthe new world.\n\nThe similarity which has been observed to exist between the manners of\nseveral American nations, and those of some of the oldest nations on our\ncontinent, which seems to demonstrate that this country was not unknown\nin ancient times, has been traced by Nicholls, in the first part of his\n_Conference with a Theist_, in several particulars, viz. burning of the\nvictim in sacrifices, numbering by tens, fighting with bows and arrows,\ntheir arts of spinning, weaving, &c. The arguments, multitudinous as\nthey are, adduced by Adair for his hypothesis that the American Indians\nare descended from the Jews, serve to prove that the known or old world\nfurnished the new one with men. To these may be added the coincidences\nnoticed in \"NOTES AND QUERIES;\" burning the dead (Vol. i., p. 308.); the\nart of manufacturing glass (p. 341.); scalping (Vol. ii., p. 78.). Your\ncorrespondents will doubtless be able to point out other instances.\nBesides drinking out of the skulls of their enemies, recorded of the\nScythians by Herodotus; and of the savages of Louisiana by Bossu; I beg\nto mention a remarkable one furnished by Catlin--the sufferings endured\nby the youths among the Mandans, when admitted into the rank of\nwarriors, {110} reminding us of the probationary exercises which the\npriests of Mithras forced the candidates for initiation to undergo.\n\nT.J.\n\n    [Footnote 7: Forster, the translator of this work, annihilates\n    the argument for the settlement of the Welsh derived from the\n    word \"penguin\" signifying \"white head,\" by the fact of the bird\n    in question having a _black_, not a _white_ head!]\n\n\n_Collar of SS._ (Vol. ii., p. 89.).--B. will find a great deal about\nthese collars in some interesting papers in the Gentleman's Magazine for\n1842, vols. xvii. and xviii., conmunicated by Mr. J.G. Nicholls; and in\nthe Second Series of the Retrospective Review, vol. i. p. 302., and vol.\nii. pp. 156. 514. 518. Allow me to add a Query: Who are the persons now\nprivileged to wear these collars? and under what circumstances, and at\nwhat dates, was such privilege reduced to its present limitation?\n\n[Greek: Phi.]\n\n\n_Martello Towers_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--A misspelling for _Mortella_\ntowers. They are named after a tower which commands the entrance to the\nharbour of St. Fiorenzo, in Corsica; but they are common along the\ncoasts of the Mediterranean. They were built along the low parts of the\nSussex and Kent coasts, in consequence of the powerful defence made by\nEnsign Le Tellier at the Tower of Mortella, with a garrison of 38 men\nonly, on 8th February, 1794, against an attack by sea, made by the\n_Fortitude_ and _Juno_, part of Lord Hood's fleet, and by land, made by\na detachment of troops under Major-General Dundas. The two ships kept up\na fire for two hours and a half without making any material impression,\nand then hauled out of gun-shot, the _Fortitude_ having lost 6 men\nkilled and 56 wounded, 8 dangerously. The troops were disembarked, and\ntook possession of a height comnanding the tower; and their battering\nwas as unsuccessful, till a hot shot fell and set fire to the bass-junk,\nwith which, to the depth of five feet, the immensely thick parapet wall\nwas lined. This induced the small garrison, of whom two were mortally\nwounded, to surrender. The tower mounted only one 6 and two 18-pounders,\nand the carriage of one of the latter had been rendered unserviceable\nduring the cannonade. (See James' _Naval History_, vol. i. p. 285.) The\ntowers along the English coast extend from Hythe to Seaford, where the\nlast tower is numbered 74, at intervals of about a quarter of a mile,\nexcept where the coast is protected by the cliffs. The tower at Seaford\nis 32 feet high, with a circumference of 136 feet at the base, and\ngradually tapering to 90 feet at the top. The wall is 6 feet thick at\nthe top next the sea, and 2 feet on the land side. The cost of each\ntower was very large,--from 15,000l. to 20,000l. I am not aware of any\nblue book on the subject; blue books were not so much in vogue at the\ntime of their erection, or perhaps a little less would have been spent\nin these erections, and a little more pains would have been taken to see\nthat they were properly built. Some have been undermined by the sea and\nwashed down already; in others, the facing of brick has crumbled away;\nand in all the fancied security which the original tower taught us to\nexpect would be probably lessened were the English towers subjected to\nan attack.\n\nWM. DURRANT COOPER.\n\n\n\"_A Frog he would a-wooing go_\" (Vol. ii., p. 75.).--I know not whether\nthis foolish ballad is worth the notice it has already received, but I\ncan venture to say that the supposed Irish version is but a modern\nvariance from the old ballad which I remember above sixty years, and\nwhich began--\n\n  \"There was a frog lived in a well,\n      Heigho crowdie!\n  And a merry mouse in a mill,\n    With a howdie crowdie, &c. &c.\n  This frog he would a-wooing go,\n      Heigho crowdie!\n  Whether his mother would let him or no,\n    With a howdie crowdie,\" &c.\n\nOf the rest of the ballad I only remember enough to be able to say that\nit had little or no resemblance to the version in your last Number.\n\nC.\n\n\n_William of Wykeham_ (Vol. ii., p. 89.).--1. I believe that there is no\nbetter life of this prelate than that by Bishop Lowth.\n\n2. The public records published since he wrote give several further\nparticulars of Wykeham's early career, but a proper notice of them would\nbe too extended for your columns.\n\n3. When W.H.C. recollects that New College, Oxford, the first of the\nworks he names, was not commenced till 1380, and that Wykeham had then\nenjoyed the revenues of his rich bishopric for nearly fourteen years,\nand had previously been in possession of many valuable preferments, both\nlay and ecclesiastical, for fourteen years more, he will find his third\nquestion sufficiently answered, and cease to wonder at the accumulation\nof that wealth which was applied with wise and munificent liberality to\nsuch noble and useful objects.\n\nI am not able to answer W.H.C.'s 4th and 5th questions.\n\n[Greek: Phi.]\n\n\n_Execution of Charles I._ (Vol. ii., p. 72.).--The late Mr. Rodd had\ncollected several interesting papers on this subject; and from his\nwell-known acquaintance with all matters relating to English history,\nthey are no doubt valuable. Of course they exist. He offered them to the\nwriter of this note, on condition that he would prosecute the inquiry.\nOther engagements prevented his availng himself of this liberal offer.\n\nJ.M.\n\nWoburn Abbey.\n\n\n_Swords_ (Vol. i., p. 415.).--Swords \"ceased to be worn as an article of\ndress\" through the influence of Beau Nash, and were consequently first\nout of fashion in Bath. \"We wear no swords here,\" says Sir Lucius\nO'Trigger.\n\nWEDSECUARF. {111}\n\n\n_The Low Window_ (Vol. ii., p. 55.).--In Bibury Church, Gloucestershire,\nare several windows of unusual character; and in the chancel is a\nnarrow, low window, called to this day \"the Lepers' window,\" through\nwhich, it is concluded, the lepers who knelt outside the building\nwitnessed the elevation of the host at the altar, as well as other\nfunctions discharged by the priest during the celebration of mass.\n\nROBERT SNOW.\n\n\n_Brasichelli's Expurgatory Index_ (Vol. ii., p. 37.).--Although unable\nto reply to MR. SANSOM's Query, by pointing out any public library in\nwhich he can find the Ratisbon reprint of Brasichelli's _Expurgatory\nIndex_, I beg to state that I possess it, the Bergomi reprint, and also\nthe original, and that MR. SANSOM is perfectly welcome to a sight of\neither.\n\nC.J. STEWART\n\n11. King William Street, West Strand.\n\n\n_Discursus Modestus_ (Vol. i., pp. 142, 205.)--Crakanthorp, in his\n_Defens. Eccl. Angl._, cap. vi. p. 27. (A.C.L. edition), refers to\n_Discur. Compen. de Jesuit. Angl._, p. 15., and quotes from it the\nwords, \"Omnia pro tempore, nihil pro veritate.\" Is this _Discur.\nCompen._ the _Discurs. Modest._? and are these words to be found in\nWatson's _Quodlibets_? This would fix the identity of the two books. It\nis curious that the only two references made by Bishop Andrews to the\n_Discurs. Modest._ (_Respons. ad Apol._, pp. 7. and 117.) are to page\n13., and both the statements are found in page 81. of Watson.\nCrakanthorp, however (p. 532.), quotes both the works,--_Discurs.\nModestus de Jesuit. Anglic._, and Watson.\n\nFrom the many different Latin titles given to this book, it seems\ncertain that it was originally written in English, and that the title\nwas Latinized according to each person's fancy. There is no copy in the\nLambeth library.\n\nJ.B.\n\n\n_Melancthon's Epigram._--Melancthon, in the epigram translated by RUFUS\n(Vol. i., p. 422.), seems to have borrowed the idea, or, to use the more\nexpressive term of your \"Schoolboy\", to leave cabbaged from Martial's\nepigram, terminating thus:--\n\n  \"Non possunt nostros mult\u00e6 Faustine litur\u00e6,\n  Emendare jocos: una litura potest.\"\n\n_Martial_, Book iv. 10.\n\nNABOC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMISCELLANEOUS\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, &C.\n\nMr. Bohn has just published the second volume of his very useful and\ncomplete edition of _Junius' Letters_. It contains, in addition to a new\nessay on their authorship, entitled _The History and Discovery of\nJunius_, by the editor, Mr. Wade, the Private Letters of Junius\naddressed to Woodfall; the Letters of Junius to Wilkes; and the\nMiscellaneous Letters which have been attributed to the same powerful\npen. Mr. Wade is satisfied that Sir Philip Francis was Junius; a theory\nof which it is said, \"Se non e vero e ben trovato:\" and, if he does not\ngo the length of Sir F. Dwarris in regarding Sir P. Francis, not as the\nsolitary champion, but the most active of the sturdy band of politicians\nwhose views he advocated, he shows that he was known to and assisted by\nmany influential members of his own political party. Some of the most\ncurious points in the Junius history are illustrated by notes by Mr.\nBohn himself, who, we have no doubt will find his edition of Junius\namong the most successful volumes of his Standard Library.\n\nWe have received the following Catalogues:--W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham\nHouse, Westminster Road) Fifty-eighth Catalogue of Cheap Books in\nvarious Departments of Literature; W. Straker's (3. Adelaide Street,\nWest Strand) Catalogue No. 4. 1850, Theological Literature, Ancient and\nModern; J.G. Bell's (10. Bedford Street, Covent Garden) Catalogue of\nInteresting and Valuable Autograph Letters and other Documents; John\nMiller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 8. for 1850, of Books Old\nand New.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\n(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._)\n\nPULLEYNE'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM.\n\nBARNABY GOOGE'S POPISH KINGDOM.\n\nOdd Volumes\n\nMILMAN'S EDITION OF GIBBON'S DECLINE AND FALL. Ed. 1838. Vols. 9, 10,\n11, 12.\n\nDUKE OF BEDFORD'S CORRESPONDENCE. Vols. 2 and 3.\n\nARNOLD'S HISTORY OF ROME. Vol. 3.\n\nLE CLERC'S BIBLIOTHEQUE CHOISIE. Vol. 6.\n\nAVELLANADA'S CONTINUATION OF DON QUIXOTE, translated by Barker, 12mo.\n1760. Vol. 2.\n\nTOUR THROUGH GREAT BRITAIN, 12mo. 1742. Vols. 1 and 2.\n\nTRISTRAM SHANDY. Vols. 7, 8, 9, and 10.\n\nLetters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_ to be\nsent to Mr. BELL, Publisher Of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\", 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nP.M. _is referred to our_ 27th No., p. 445., _where he will learn that\nthe supposed French original of \"Not a Drum was heard\" was a clever hoax\nfrom the ready pen of Father Prout. The date when_ P.M. _read the poem,\nand not the_ date it bore, _is a point necessary to be established to\nprove its existence \"anterior to the supposed author of that beautiful\npoem\"._\n\n_Will the Correspondent who wished for Vol. 8. of Rushworth, furnish his\nname and address, as a copy has been reported._\n\nVOLUME THE FIRST OR NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious\nIndex, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by\norder, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._\n\nErrata. In No. 34., p. 63., in reply to Delta, for \"MRRIS,\" read\n\"MARRIS\"; and for \"MRIE\" read \"MARIE.\" No. 36., P. 83., l. 40., for\n\"prohibens\" read \"prohiben_te_\".\n\n       *       *       *       *       * {112}\n\nMILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS\n\nFOR JULY. Gratis as usual. Contains works on Arch\u00e6ology, Antiquities,\nBotany, Coins, Chess, Freemasonry, Geology and Mineralogy, Heraldry,\nIrish Topography, Old Plays, Phrenology, Theatres, and Dramatic History,\nWales, its History, &c., with an extensive assortment of Books in other\ndepartments of Literature, equally scarce, curious, and interesting.\n\nJOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSecond Edition, cloth 1s.\n\nEASTERN CHURCHES. By the author of \"Proposals for Christian Union.\"\n\"This is a very careful compilation of the latest information of the\nfaith and condition of the various churches of Christ scattered through\nthe East.\"--_Britannia._ \"The book is cheap, but it contains a good deal\nof matter, and appears a labour of duty.\"--_Spectator._ \"A brief, yet\nfull and correct, and withal a most agreeably written account, of the\ndifferent Eastern Churches.\"--_Nottingham Journal._\n\nJAMES DARLING, Great Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPreparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.\n\nTHE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary of the\nCamden Society, Editor of \"Early Prose Romances,\" \"Lays and Legends of\nall Nations,\" &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new\ncontributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially\nsome of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in\nthe Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries.\n\nCommunications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and\nPopular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and\nwill be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to\nthe care of Mr. BELL, Office of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nVols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28s. cloth.\n\nTHE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD FOSS,\nF.S.A. \"A work in which a subject of great historical importance is\ntreated with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr.\nFoss has brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many\nerrors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it\nsuccessfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation,\nand such taste and judgement as will enable him to quit, when occasion\nrequires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to\nhis work, as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical\nhistory.\"--_Gent. Mag._\n\nLondon: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE PRIM\u00c6VAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE OF DENMARK.\n\nTHE PRIM\u00c6VAL ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J.J.A. WORSAAE, Member of the\nRoyal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. Translated and applied to\nthe illustration of similar Remains in England, by WILLIAM J. THOMS,\nF.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With numerous Woodcuts. 8vo.\n10s. 6d.\n\n\"The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with--so clear is its\narrangement, and so well and so plainly is each subject illustrated by\nwell executed engravings.... It is the joint production of two men who\nhave already distinguished themselves as authors and antiquarians.\"--\n_Morning Herald._\n\n\"A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's book is in\nall ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. Thoms has\nexecuted the translation in flowing and idiomatic English, and has\nappended many curious and interesting notes and observations of his\nown.\"--_Guardian._\n\n\"The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our readers,\nis signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly interesting and\nimportant work.\"--_Arch\u00e6ological Journal._\n\nSee also the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for February 1850.\n\nOxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREV. WILLIAM MASKELL's LIBRARY.\n\nShortly will be published,\n\nA CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN THEOLOGY; including some of the\nrarest productions of our early English Divines, and embracing the\nvarious controversies between the Puritans and the Churches of Rome and\nEngland, the works of the Nonjurors, the best Liturgical Commentators,\nEcclesiastical Historians, Fathers of the Church, Schoolmen, Councils,\n&c, many of them of extreme rarity, and forming the Library of the Rev.\nWilliam Maskell, late Vicar of St. Mary Church, Torquay, together with\nother recent purchases, now on Sale by J. LESLIE, 58. Great\nQueen-street, Lincoln's Inn.\n\nN.B.--Gentlemen desirous of receiving this Catalogue are respectfully\nrequested to forward their names to the Publisher, with twelve postage\nstamps to pre-pay the same.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNow ready, containing 149 Plates, royal 8vo. 28s.; folio, 2l. 5s.; India\nPaper, 4l. 4s.\n\nThe MONUMENTAL BRASSES of ENGLAND: a series of Engravings upon Wood,\nfrom every variety of these interesting and valuable Memorials,\naccompanied with Descriptive Notices.\n\nBy the Rev. C. BOUTELI. M.A. Rector of Downham Market.\n\nPart XII., completing the work, price 7s. 6d.; folio, 12s.; India paper,\n24s.\n\nBy the same Author, royal 8vo., 15s.; large paper, 21s.\n\nMONUMENTAL BRASSES and SLABS: an Historical and Descriptive Notice of\nthe Incised Monumental Memorials of the Middle Ages. With upwards of 200\nEngravings.\n\n\"A handsome large octavo volume, abundantly supplied with well-engraved\nwoodcuts and lithographic plates; a sort of Encyclop\u00e6dia for ready\nreference.... The whole work has a look of painstaking completeness\nhighly commendable.\"--_Athen\u00e6um._\n\n\"One of the most beautifully got up and interesting volumes we have seen\nfor a long time. It gives, in the compass of one volume, an account of\nthe history of these beautiful monuments of former days.... The\nillustrations are extremely well chosen.\"--_English Churchman._\n\nA few copies only of this work remain for sale; and, as it will not be\nreprinted in the same form and at the same price, the remaining copies\nare raised in price. Early application for the Large Paper Edition is\nnecessary.\n\nBy the same Author, to be completed in Four Parts,\n\nCHRISTIAN MONUMENTS in ENGLAND and WALES: an Historical and Descriptive\nSketch of the various classes of Monumental Memorials which have been in\nuse in this country from about the time of the Norman Conquest.\nProfusely illustrated with Wood Engravings. Part I. price 7s. 6d.; Part\nII. 2s. 6d.\n\n\"A well conceived and executed work.\"--_Ecclesiologist._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, July 13. 1850.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 37, July 13, 1850","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":14432}