{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_13936/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_13936","id":"gutenberg_13936","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13936","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Archaeology & Anthropology","Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: History - Modern (1750+)","Category: Journalism/Media/Writing","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"NOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNo. 47.]\nSATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1850\n[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.\n\n\n       *       *       *       *       * \n\nCONTENTS.\n\nNOTES:--\n  Old Songs. 257\n  \"Junius Identified.\" by J. Taylor. 258\n  Folk Lore:--Spiders a Cure for Ague--Funeral Superstition--Folk\n  Lore Rhymes. 259\n  On a Passage in the Tempest, by S.W. Singer. 259\n  Punishment of Death of Burning. 260\n  Note on Morganatic Marriages. 261\n  Minor Notes:--Alderman Beckford--Frozen Horn--Inscription\n  translated--Parallel Passages--Note on George Herbert's Poems--\"Crede\n  quod habes\"--Grant to Earl of Sussex--First Woman formed from a\n  Rib--Beau Brummell's Ancestry. 262\n\nQUERIES:--\n  Gray's Elegy and Dodsley's Poems. 264\n  Hugh Holland and his Works, by E.F. Rimbault, L.L.D. 265\n  Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood. 266\n  Minor Queries:--Bernardus Patricius--Meaning of\n  Hanger--Cat and Bagpipes--Andrew Becket--Laurence\n  Minot--Modena Family--Bamboozle--Butcher's\n  Blue Dress--Hatchment and Atchievement--\"Te\n  colui Virtutem\"--\"Illa suavissima Vita\"--Christianity,\n  Early Influence of--Meaning of Wraxen--Saint,\n  Legend of a--Land Holland--Farewell--Stepony\n  Ale--\"Regis ad Exemplar\"--La Caronacquerie--Rev.\n  T. Tailer--Mistletoe as a Christmas\n  Evergreen--Poor Robin's Almanacks--Sirloin--Thompson\n  of Esholt. 266\n\nREPLIES:--\n  Replies to Minor Queries:--Pension--Execution of\n  Charles I.--Paper Hangings--Black-guard--Pilgrims'\n  Road--Combs buried with the Dead--A\u00cerostation--St.\n  Thomas of Lancaster--Smoke Money--Robert Herrich--Guildhalls--Abb\u00c8\n  Strickland--Long Conkin--Havock--Becket's Mother--Watching\n  the Sepulchre--Portraits of Charles I.--Joachim,\n  the French Ambassador. 269\n\nMISCELLANEOUS:--\n  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 271\n  Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 271\n  Notices to Correspondents. 271\n  Advertisements. 272\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNOTES.\n\nOLD SONGS.\n\nI heard, \"in other days,\" a father singing a comic old song to one of\nhis children, who was sitting on his knee. This was in Yorkshire: and\nyet it could hardly be a Yorkshire song, as the scene was laid in\nanother county. It commenced with--\n\n  \"Randle O'Shay has sold his mare\n  For nineteen groats at Warrin'ton fair,\"\n\nand goes on to show how the simpleton was cheated out of his money.\n\nI find in Hasted's _History of Kent_ (vol. i. p. 468., 2nd edit.)\nmention made of the family of Shaw, who held the manor of Eltham, &c.,\nand who \"derive themselves from the county palatine of Chester.\" It is\nfurther stated that _Randal de Shaw_, his son, was settled at Haslington\nHall in that county.\n\nAll, indeed, that this proves is, the probability of the hero of the\nsong being also a native of Cheshire, or one of the adjacent counties;\nand that the legend is a truth, even as to names as well as general\nfacts. The song is worthy of recovery and preservation, as a remnant of\nEnglish character and manners; and I have only referred to Hasted to\npoint out the probable district in which it will be found.\n\nThere are many other characteristics of the manners of the humbler\nclasses to be found in songs that had great local popularity within the\nperiod of living memory; for instance, the _Wednesbury Cocking_ amongst\nthe colliers of Staffordshire and _Rotherham Status_ amongst the cutlers\nof Sheffield. Their language, it is true, is not always very\ndelicate--perhaps was not even at the time these songs were\ncomposed,--as they picture rather the exuberant freaks of a\nhalf-civilised people than the better phases of their character. Yet\neven these form \"part and parcel\" of the history of \"the true-born\nEnglishman.\"\n\nOne song more may be noticed here:--the rigmarole, snatches of which\nprobably most of us have heard, which contains an immense number of mere\ntruisms having no connexion with each others, and no bond of union but\nthe metrical form in which their juxtaposition is effected, and the\nrhyme, which is kept up very well throughout, though sometimes by the\nintroduction of a nonsense line. Who does not remember--\n\n  \"A yard of pudding's not an ell,\"\n\nor\n\n  \"Not forgetting _dytherum di_,\n  A tailor's goose can never fly,\"\n\nand other like parts?\n\nIt is just such a piece of burlesque as Swift might have written: but\nmany circumstances lead me to think it must be much older. Has it ever\nbeen printed?\n\nThere is another old (indeed an evidently very ancient) song, which I do\nnot remember to have seen in print, or even referred to in print. None\nof the books into which I have looked, from deeming them likely to\ncontain it, make the least reference to this song. I have heard it in\none of the midland counties, and in one of the western, both many years\nago; but I have not heard it in London or any of the metropolitan\ndistricts. The song begins thus:--\n\n  \"London Bridge is broken down,\n     Dance over my Lady Lea:\n  London Bridge is broken down,\n     With a gay lad\u00c8e.\"\n\nThis must surely refer to some event preserved in history,--may indeed\nbe well known to well-read antiquaries, though so totally unknown to men\nwhose general pursuits (like my own) have lain in other directions. The\npresent, however, is an age for \"popularising\" knowledge; and your work\nhas assumed that task as one of its functions.\n\nThe difficulties attending such inquiries as arise out of matters so\ntrivial as an old ballad, are curiously illustrated by the answers\nalready printed respecting the \"wooing frog.\" In the first place, it was\nattributed to times within living memory; then shown to exceed that\nperiod, and supposed to be very old,--even as old as the Commonwealth,\nor, perhaps, as the Reformation. This is objected to, from \"the style\nand wording of the song being evidently of a much later period than the\nage of Henry VIII.;\" and Buckingham's \"mad\" scheme of taking Charles\ninto Spain to woo the infanta is substituted. This is enforced by the\n\"burden of the song;\" whilst another correspondent considers this\n\"chorus\" to be an old one, analogous to \"Down derry down:\"--that is, M.\ndenies the force of MR. MAHONY's explanation altogether!\n\n(Why MR. MAHONY calls a person in his \"sixth decade\" a \"sexagenarian\" he\nbest knows. Such is certainly not the ordinary meaning of the term he\nuses. His pun is good, however.)\n\nThen comes the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT, with a very decisive proof that\nneither in the time of James I., nor of the Commonwealth, could it have\noriginated. His transcript from Mr. Collier's _Extracts_ carries it\nundeniably back to the middle of the reign of Elizabeth. Of course, it\nis interesting to find intermediate versions or variations of the\nballad, and even the adaptation of its framework to other ballads of\nrecent times, such as \"Heigho! says Kemble,\"--one of the Drury Lane\n\"O.P. Row\" ballads (_Rejected Addresses_, last ed., or Cunningham's\n_London_). Why the conjecture respecting Henry VIII. is so\ncontemptuously thrown aside as a \"fancy,\" I do not see. A _fancy_ is a\ndogma taken up without proof, and in the teeth of obvious\nprobability,--tenaciously adhered to, and all investigation eschewed.\nThis at least is the ordinary signification of the term, in relation to\nthe search after truth. How far my own conjecture, or the mode of\nputting it, fulfills these conditions, it is not necessary for me to\ndiscuss: but I hope the usefulness and interest of the \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES\" will not be marred by any discourtesy of one correspondent\ntowards another.\n\nAt the same time, the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has done the most essential\nservice to this inquiry by his extract from Mr. Collier, as the question\nis thereby inclosed within exceedingly narrow limits. But if the ballad\ndo not refer to Henry VIII., to whom can it be referred with greater\nprobability? It is too much to assume that all the poetry, wit, and\ntalent of the Tudor times were confined to the partizans of the Tudor\ncause, religious or political. We _know_, indeed, the contrary. But for\nhis communication, too, the singular coincidence of two such\ncharacteristic words of the song in the \"Poley Frog\" (in the same number\nof the \"NOTES AND QUERIES\") might have given rise to another conjecture:\nbut the _date_ excludes its further consideration.\n\nI may add, that since this has been mooted, an Irish gentleman has told\nme that the song was familiar enough in Dublin; and he repeated some\nstanzas of it, which were considerably different from the version of\nW.A.G., and the chorus the same as in the common English version. I hope\npresently to receive a complete copy of it: which, by the bye, like\neverything grotesquely humorous in Ireland, was attributed to the author\nof _Gulliver's Travels_.\n\nT.S.D.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"JUNIUS IDENTIFIED.\"\n\nIt is fortunate for my reputation that I am still living to vindicate my\ntitle to the authorship of my own book, which seems otherwise in danger\nof being taken from me.\n\nI can assure your correspondent R.J. (Vol. ii., p. 103.) that I was not\nonly \"literally _the writer_,\" (as he kindly suggests, with a view of\nsaving my credit for having put my name to the book), but in its fullest\nsense _the author of \"Junius Identified\"_; and that I never received the\nslightest assistance from Mr. Dubois, or any other person, either in\ncollecting or arranging the evidence, or in the composition and\ncorrection of the work. After I had completed my undertaking, I wrote to\nMr. Dubois to ask if he would allow me to see the handwriting of Sir\nPhilip Francis, that I might compare it with the published\nfac-similes of the handwriting of Junius; but he refused my request. His\nletter alone disproved the notion entertained by R.J. and others, that\nMr. Dubois was in any degree connected with me, or with the authorship\nof the work in question.\n\nWith regard to the testimony of Lord Campbell, I wrote to his lordship\nin February, 1848, requesting his acceptance of a copy of _Junius\nIdentified_, which I thought he might not have seen; and having called\nhis attention to my name at the end of the preface, I begged he would,\nwhen opportunity offered, correct his error in having attributed the\nwork to Mr. Dubois. I was satisfied with his lordship's reply, which was\nto the effect that he was ashamed of his mistake, and would take care to\ncorrect it. No new edition of that series of the _Lives of the\nChancellors_, which contains the \"Life of Lord Loughborough,\" has since\nbeen published. The present edition is dated 1847.\n\nR.J. says further, that \"the late Mr. George Woodfall always spoke of\nthe _pamphlet_ as the work of Dubois;\" and that Sir Fortunatus Dwarris\nstates, \"the _pamphlet_ is said, I know not with what truth, to have\nbeen prepared under the eye of Sir Philip Francis, it may be through the\nagency of Dubois.\" If _Junius Identified_ be alluded to in these\nobservations as a _pamphlet_, it would make me doubt whether R.J., or\neither of his authorities, ever saw the book. It is an 8vo. vol. The\nfirst edition, containing 380 pages, was published in 1816, at 12s. The\nsecond edition, which included the supplement, exceeded 400 pages, and\nwas published in 1818, at 14s. The supplement, which contains the plates\nof handwriting, was sold separately at 3s. 6d., to complete the first\nedition, but this could not have been the pamphlet alluded to in the\npreceding extracts. I suspect that when the work is spoken of as a\npamphlet, and this if often done, the parties thus describing it have\nknown it only through the medium of the critique in the _Edinburgh\nReview_.\n\nMr. Dubois was the author of the biography of Sir Philip Francis, first\nprinted in the _Monthly Mirror_ for May and June, 1810, and reprinted in\n_Junius Identified_, with acknowledgment of the source from which it was\ntaken. To this biography the remarks of Sir Fortunatus Dwarris are\nstrictly applicable, except that it never appeared in the form of a\npamphlet.\n\nJOHN TAYLOR.\n\n30. Upper Gower Street, Sept. 7. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Spiders a Cure for Ague_ (Vol. ii., p. 130.).--Seeing a note on this\nsubject reminds me that a few years since, a lady in the south of\nIreland was celebrated far and near, amongst her poorer neighbours, for\nthe cure of this disorder. Her universal remedy was a large house-spider\nalive, and enveloped in treacle or preserve. Of course the parties were\ncarefully kept in ignorance of what the wonderful remedy was.\n\nWhilst I am on the subject of cures, I may as well state that in parts\nof the co. Carlow, the blood drawn from a black cat's ear, and rubbed\nupon the part affected, is esteemed a certain cure for St. Anthony's\nfire.\n\nJUNIOR.\n\n\n_Funeral Superstition._--A few days ago the body of a gentleman in this\nneighbourhood was conveyed to the hearse, and while being placed in it,\nthe door of the house, whether from design or inadvertence I know not,\nwas closed before the friends came out to take their places in the\ncoaches. An old lady, who was watching the proceedings, immediately\nexclaimed, \"God bless me! they have closed the door upon the corpse:\nthere will be another death in that house before many days are over.\"\nShe was fully impressed with this belief, and unhappily this impression\nhas been confirmed. The funeral was on Saturday, and on the Monday\nmorning following a young man, resident in the house, was found dead in\nbed, having died under the influence of chloroform, which he had\ninhaled, self-administered, to relieve the pain of toothache or\ntic-douloureux.\n\nPerhaps the superstition may have come before you already; but not\nhaving met with it myself, I thought it might be equally new to others.\n\nH.J.\n\nSheffield.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n_Folk Lore Rhymes._--\n\n  \"Find odd-leafed ash, and even-leafed clover,\n  And you'll see your true love before the day's over.\"\n\nIf you wish to see your lover, throw salt on the fire every morning for\nnine days, and say--\n\n  \"It is not salt I mean to burn,\n  But my true lover's heart I mean to turn;\n  Wishing him neither joy nor sleep,\n  Till he come back to me and speak.\"\n\n  \"If you marry in Lent,\n  You will live to repent.\"\n\nWEDSECNARF.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nEMENDATION OF A PASSAGE IN THE \"TEMPEST.\"\n\nPremising that I should approach the text of our great poet with an\nalmost equal degree of awful reverence with that which characterises his\ntwo latest editors, I must confess that I should not have the same\nrespect for evident errors of the printers of the early editions, which\nthey have occasionally shown. In the following passage in the _Tempest_,\nAct i., Scene 1., this forbearance has not, however, been the cause of\nthe very unsatisfactory state in which they have both left it. I\nmust be indulged in citing at length, that the context may the more\nclearly show what was really the poet's meaning:--\n\n  \"Enter FERDINAND _bearing a Log_.\n\n  \"_Fer._ There be some sports are painful; and their labour\n  Delight in them sets off; some kinds of baseness\n  Are nobly undergone; and most poor matters\n  Point to rich ends. This my mean task\n  Would be as heavy to me, as odious; but\n  The mistress, which I serve, quickens what's dead,\n  And makes my labours pleasures: O! she is\n  Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed;\n  And he's composed of harshness. I must remove\n  Some thousands of these logs, and pile them up,\n  Upon a sore injunction: My sweet mistress\n  Weeps when she sees me work; and says such business\n  Had never like executor. I forget:\n  But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours;\n  Most busy lest when I do it.\"\n\nMr. Collier reads these last two lines thus--\n\n  \"But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours;\n  Most busy, least when I do it.\"\n\nwith the following note--\n\n    \"The meaning of this passage seems to have been misunderstood by\n    all the commentators. Ferdinand says that the thoughts of\n    Miranda so refresh his labours, that when he is most busy he\n    seems to feel his toil _least_. It is printed in the folio\n    1623,--\n\n      'Most busy _lest_ when I do it,'\n\n    --a trifling error of the press corrected in the folio 1632,\n    although Theobald tells us that both the oldest editions read\n    _lest_. Not catching the poet's meaning, he printed,--\n\n      'Most busy-_less_ when I do it,'\n\n    and his supposed emendation has ever since been taken as the\n    text; even Capell adopted it. I am happy in having Mr. Amyot's\n    concurrence in this restoration.\"\n\nMr. Knight adopts Theobald's reading, and Mr. Dyce approves it in the\nfollowing words:--\n\n    \"When Theobald made the emendation, 'Most busy-_less_,' he\n    observed that 'the corruption was so very little removed from\n    the truth of the text, that he could not afford to think well of\n    his own sagacity for having discovered it.' The correction is,\n    indeed, so obvious that we may well wonder that it had escaped\n    his predecessors; but we must wonder ten times more that one of\n    his successors, in a blind reverence for the old copy, should\n    re-vitiate the text, and defend a corruption which outrages\n    language, taste, and common sense.\"\n\nAlthough at an earlier period of life I too adopted Theobald's supposed\nemendation, it never satisfied me. I have my doubts whether the word\n_busyless_ existed in the poet's time; and if it did, whether he could\npossibly have used it here. Now it is clear that _labours_ is a misprint\nfor _labour_; else, to what does \"when I do _it_\" refer? _Busy lest_ is\nonly a typographical error for _busyest_: the double superlative was\ncommonly used, being considered as more emphatic, by the poet and his\ncontemporaries.\n\nThus in Hamlet's letter, Act ii. Sc. 2.:\n\n  \"I love thee best, O _most best_.\"\n\nand in _King Lear_, Act ii. Sc. 3.:\n\n  \"To take the basest and _most poorest_ shape.\"\n\nThe passage will then stand thus:--\n\n  \"But these sweet thoughts, do even refresh my labour,\n  Most busiest when I do it.\"\n\nThe sense will be perhaps more evident by a mere transposition,\npreserving every word:\n\n  \"But these sweet thoughts, most busiest when I do\n  My labour, do even refresh it.\"\n\nHere we have a clear sense, devoid of all ambiguity, and confirmed by\nwhat precedes; that his labours are made pleasures, being beguiled by\nthese sweet thoughts of his mistress, which are busiest when he labours,\nbecause it excites in his mind the memory of her \"weeping to see him\nwork.\" The correction has also the recommendation of being effected in\nso simple a manner as by merely taking away two superfluous letters. I\ntrust I need say no more; secure of the approbation of those who (to use\nthe words of an esteemed friend on another occasion) feel \"that making\nan opaque spot in a great work transparent is not a labour to be\nscorned, and that there is a pleasant sympathy between the critic and\nbard--dead though he be--on such occasions, which is an ample reward.\"\n\nS.W. SINGER\n\nMickleham, Aug 30. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING.\n\n(Vol. ii., pp. 6. 50. 90. 165.)\n\nIn the \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" of Saturday, the 10th of August, SENEX gives\nsome account of the burning of a female in the Old Bailey, \"about the\nyear 1788.\"\n\nHaving myself been present at the last execution of a female in London,\nwhere the body was burnt (being probably that to which SENEX refers),\nand as few persons who were then present may now be alive, I beg to\nmention some circumstances relative to that execution, which appear to\nbe worthy of notice.\n\nOur criminal law was then most severe and cruel: the legal punishment of\nfemales convicted of high treason and petty treason was burning; coining\nwas held to be high treason; and murder of a husband was petty treason.\n\nI see it stated in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, that on the 13th of\nMarch, 1789,--\n\n    \"The Recorder of London made his report to His Majesty of the\n    prisoners under sentence of death in Newgate, convicted in the\n    Sessions of September, October, November, and January (forty-six\n    in number), fourteen of whom were ordered for execution;\n    five of whom were afterwards reprieved.\"\n\nThe recorder's report in regard to these unfortunate persons had been\ndelayed during the incapacity of the king; thus the report for four\nsessions had been made at once. To have decided at one sitting of\ncouncil upon such a number of cases, must have almost been enough to\noverset the strongest mind. Fortunately, these reports are now\nabolished.\n\nIn the same number of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, under date the 18th of\nMarch, there is this statement,--\n\n    \"The nine following malefactors were executed before the\n    Debtors' Door at Newgate pursuant to their sentence, viz., Hugh\n    Murphy and Christian Murphy _alias_ Bowman, Jane Grace, and\n    Joseph Walker, for coining. [Four for burglary, and one for\n    highway robbery.] They were brought upon the scaffold, about\n    half an hour after seven, and _turned off_ about a quarter past\n    eight. The woman for coining was brought out after the rest were\n    turned off, and fixed to a stake and burnt; being first\n    strangled by the stool being taken from under her.\"\n\nThis is the execution at which I was present; the number of those who\nsuffered, and the burning of the female, attracted a very great crowd.\nEight of the malefactors suffered on the scaffold, then known as \"the\nnew drop.\" After they were suspended, the woman, in a white dress, was\nbrought out of Newgate alone; and after some time spent in devotion, was\nhung on the projecting arm of a low gibbet, fixed at a little distance\nfrom the scaffold. After the lapse of a sufficient time to extinguish\nlife, faggots were piled around her, and over her head, so that her\nperson was completely covered: fire was then set to the pile, and the\nwoman was consumed to ashes.\n\nIn the following year, 1790, I heard sentence passed in the Criminal\nCourt, in the Old Bailey, upon other persons convicted of coining: one\nof them was a female. The sentence upon her was, that she should be\n\"drawn to the place of execution, and there burnt with fire till she was\ndead.\"\n\nThe case of this unfortunate woman, and the cruel state of the law in\nregard to females, then attracted attention. On the 10th of May, 1790,\nSir Benjamin Hammett, in his place in the House of Commons, called the\nattention of that House to the then state of the law. He mentioned that\nit had been his official duty to attend on the melancholy occasion of\nthe burning of the female in the preceding year (it is understood he was\nthen one of the sheriffs of London), he moved for leave to bring in a\nbill to alter the law, which he characterised as--\n\n    \"One of the savage remains of Norman policy, disgracing our\n    statute book, as the practice did the common law.\"\n\nHe noticed that the sheriff who did not execute the sentence of burning\nalive was liable to a prosecution; but he thanked Heaven there was not a\nman in England who would carry such a sentence into effect. He obtained\nleave to bring in a bill for altering this cruel law; and in that\nsession the Act 30 G. III. c. 48. was passed--\n\n    \"For discontinuing the judgment which has been required by law\n    to be given against women convicted of certain crimes, and\n    substituting another judgment in lieu thereof.\"\n\nA debt of gratitude is due to the memory of Sir Benjamin Hammett, for\nhis exertions, at that period, in the cause of humanity. Thank God, we\nnow live in times when the law is less cruel, and more chary of human\nlife.\n\nOCTOGENARIUS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nA NOTE ON MORGANATIC MARRIAGES.\n\nGrimm (_Deutsche Rechts Alterthumer_, vol. ii., p. 417.), after a long\ndissertation, in which it appears that the money paid by the bridegroom\nto the wife's relations (I believe subsequently also to the wife\nherself) had every form of a _purchase_, possibly derived also from some\n_symbolic_ customs common to all northern tribes, offers the following\nas the origin of this word \"morganatic:\"--\n\n    \"Es gab aber im Alterthum noch einen erlaubten Ausweg f\u00b8r die\n    Verbindung vorneluner M\u00e4nner mit geringen (freien und selbst\n    unfreien) Frauen, den _Concubinat_, der ohne feierliches\n    Verl\u02c6bniss, ohne _Brautgabe_ und _Mitgift_ eingegangen wurde,\n    mithin _keine wahre und volle Ehe_, dennoch ein rechtm\u00e4ssiges\n    Verh\u00e4ltniss war.\n\n    \"Da jedoch die Kirche ein solches Verh\u00e4ltniss missbilligte durch\n    keine Einsegnung weihte, so wurde es allm\u00e4hlich unerlaubt und\n    verboten als Ausnahme aber bis auf die neueste Zeit f\u00b8r F\u00b8rsten\n    zugelassen--ja durch Trauung an die linke Hand gefeiert. Die\n    Benennung Morganatische Ehe,--Matrimonium ad Morganaticam (11.\n    Feud. 29.), r\u00b8hrt daher, dass _den Concubinen_ eine _Morgangabe_\n    (woraus im Mittelalter die Lombarden '_Morganatica_'\n    machten)--bewilligt zu werden pflegte--_es waren Ehen auf blosse\n    Morgengabe_. Den Beweis liefern Urkunden, die Morganatica f\u00b8r\n    Morgengabe auch in Fallen gebrauchen wo von wahrer Ehe die Rede\n    ist.\" (See Heinecius, _Antiq_. 3. 157, 158.)\n\nThe case now stands thus:\n\nIt was the custom to give money to the wife's relations on the\nmarriage-day.\n\nIt was not the custom with respect to unequal marriage (Misheirath):\nthis took place \"ohne Brautgabe und Mitgift,\" which was also of later\norigin.\n\nThe exception made by the Church for _princes_, restored the woman so\nfar, that the marriage was legally and morally recognised by the Lombard\nlaw and the Church, with exceptions as regards _issue_, and that the\nleft hand was given for the _right_.\n\nWith regard to this latter, it would be desirable to trace whether\ngiving of the hand had any _symbolic_ meaning. I think the\nastrologists consider the right as the nobler part of the body; if so,\ngiving of _the left_ in this case is not without symbolic significance.\nIt must be remembered how much symbolism prevailed among the tribes\nwhich swept Europe on the fall of the Roman empire, and their Eastern\norigin.\n\nThe Morgengabe, according to Cancianus (_Leges Barbarorum_, tom. iv. p.\n24.), was at first a _free gift_ made by the husband after the first\nmarriage night. This was carried to such excess, that Liutprand ordained\n\n    \"Tamen ipsum Morgengabe volumus, ut non sit amplius nisi quarta\n    pars ejus substantia, qui ipsum Morgengabe dedit.\"\n\nThis became subsequently converted into a _right_ termed _justitia_.\n\nUpon this extract from a charter,--\n\n    \"Manifesta causa est mihi, quoniam die ilio quando te sposavi,\n    promiseram tibi dare _justitiam_ tuam secundum _legem meam_ [qr.\n    _my Lombard_ law in opposition to the Roman, which he had a\n    right to choose,] in Morgencap, id est, quartam portionem omnium\n    rerum mobilium et immobilium,\" &c.\n\nCancianus thus comments:--\n\n    \"Animadverte, quam recte charta h\u00cac cum supra alligatis formulis\n    conveniat. Sponsus promiserat Morgencap, quando feminam\n    desponsaverat, inde vero ante conjugium chartam conscribit: et\n    quod et Liutprandi lege, et ex antiquis moribus _Donum_ fuit\n    mere gratuitum, hic appellatur _Justitia_ secundum legem\n    Langobardorum.\"\n\nThe Morgencap here assumes, I apprehend, somewhat the form of _dower_.\nThat it was so, is very doubtful. (Grimm, vol. ii. p. 441.\n\"Morgengabe.\")\n\n    \"An demselben Morgen empf\u2030ngt die JungFrau von ihrem Gemahl ein\n    ansehnliches Geschenk, welches Morgengabe heisst. Schon in der\n    Pactio Guntherammi et Childeberti, werden Dos und Morganagiba\n    _unterschieden_, ebenso _Leg. Rip._ 37. 2. _Alaman_. 56. 1, 2.\n    Dos und Morgangeba; _Lex Burgend._ 42. 2. Morgangeba und das\n    'pretium nuptiale;' bei den Langobarden, 'Meta und Morgengab.'\"\n\nI do not say this answers the question of your correspondent G., which\nis, what is the _derivation_ of the word?\n\nIts actual signification, I think, means left-handed; but to think is\nnot to resolve, and the question is open to the charitable contributions\nof your learned and able supporters.\n\nAs regards the Fairy Morgana, who was married to a mortal, I confess,\nwith your kind permission, I had rather not accept her as a satisfactory\nreply. It is as though you would accept \"once upon a time\" as a\nchronological date! She was _married_ to a mortal--true; but\n_morganatically_, I doubt it. If morganatic came from this, it should\nappear the _Fairy Morgana_ was the _first lady_ who so underwent the\nceremony. Do not forget Lurline, who married also a mortal, of whom the\npoet so prettily sings:\n\n             \"Lurline hung her head,\n              Turned pale, and then red;\n  And declared his abruptness in popping the question\n  So soon after dinner had spoilt her digestion.\"\n\nThis lady's marriage resembled the other in all respects, and I leave\nyou to decide, and no man is more competent, from your extensive\nknowledge of the mythology of Medieval Europe, whether Morgana, beyond\nthe mere accident of her name, was more likely than Lurline to have\nadded a word with a puzzling etymology to the languages of Europe. The\nword will, I think, be found of Eastern origin, clothed in a Teutonic\nform.\n\nAfter all, Jacob Grimm and Cancianus may interest your readers, and so I\nsend the Note.\n\nS.H.\n\nAthen\u00caum, Sept. 6. 1850\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMINOR NOTES.\n\n_Alderman Beckford._--Gifford (_Ben Jonson_, vol. vi. p. 481.) has the\nfollowing note:--\n\n    \"The giants of Guildhall, thank heaven, yet defend their charge:\n    it only remains to wish that the citizens may take example by\n    the fate of Holmeby, and not expose them to an attack to which\n    they will assuredly be found unequal. It is not altogether owing\n    to their wisdom that this has not already taken place. For\n    twenty years they were chained to the car of a profligate\n    buffoon, who dragged them through every species of ignominy to\n    the verge of rebellion; and their hall is even yet disgraced\n    with the statue of a worthless negro-monger, in the act of\n    insulting their sovereign with a speech of which (factious and\n    brutal as he was) _he never uttered one syllable_.\" ... \"By my\n    troth, captain, these are very bitter words.\"\n\nBut Gifford was _generally_ correct in his assertions; and twenty-two\nyears after _his_ note, I made the following one:--\n\n    \"It is a curious fact, but a true one, that Beckford _did not\n    utter one syllable of this speech_. It was penned by Horne\n    Tooke, and by his art put on the records of the city and on\n    Beckford's statue, as he told me, Mr. Braithwaite, Mr. Seyers,\n    &c., at the Athenian Club.\n\n    \"ISAAC REED.\n\n    \"See the _Times_ Of July 23. 1838, p. 6.\"\n\nThe worshipful Company of Ironmongers have _relegated their_ statue from\ntheir hall to a lower position: but it still disgraces the Guildhall,\nand will continue to do so, as long as any factious demagogue is\npermitted to have a place among its members.\n\nL.S.\n\n\n_The Frozen Horn._--Perhaps it is not generally known that the writer of\n_Munchausen's Travels_ borrowed this amusing incident from Heylin's\n_Mikrokosmos_. In the section treating of Muscovy, he says:--\n\n    \"This excesse of cold in the ayre, gave occasion to _Castilian_,\n    in his _Aulicus_, wittily and not incongruously to faine that if\n    two men being smewhat distant, talke together in the winter,\n    their words will be so frozen that they cannot be heard: but if\n    the parties in the spring returne to the same place, their words\n    will melt in the same order that they were frozen and _spoken_,\n    and be plainly understood.\"\n\nJ.S.\n\nSalisbury.\n\n\n_Inscription from Roma Subterranea._--If you deem the translation of\nthis inscription, quoted in Lord Lindsay's fanciful but admirable\n_Sketches of the History of Christian Art_, worth a place among your\nNotes, it is very heartily at your service.\n\n  \"Sisto viator\n  Tot ibi troph\u00caa, quot ossa\n  Quot martyres, tot triumphi.\n  Antra qu\u00ca subis, multa qu\u00ca cernis marmora,\n  Vel dum silent,\n  Palam Rom\u00ca gloriam loquuntur.\n  Audi quid Echo resonet\n  Subterrane\u00ca Rom\u00ca!\n  Obscura licet Urbis C\u0153metria\n  Totius patens Orbis Theatrium!\n  Supplex Loci Sanetitatem venerare,\n  Et post hac sub luto aurum\n  Coelum sub coeno\n  Sub Rom\u201a Romam qu\u00carito!\"\n\n_Roma Subterranea_, 1651, tom. i. p. 625.\n\n(Inscription abridged.)\n\n  Stay, wayfarer--behold\n  In ev'ry mould'ring bone a trophy here.\n  In all these hosts of martyrs,\n  So many triumphs.\n  These vaults--these countless tombs,\n  E'en in their very silence\n  Proclaim aloud Rome's glory:\n  The echo'd fame\n  Of subterranean Rome\n  Rings on the ear.\n  The city's sepulchres, albeit hidden,\n  Present a spectacle\n  To the wide world patent.\n  In lowly rev'rence hail this hallow'd spot,\n  And henceforth learn\n  Gold beneath dross\n  Heav'n below earth,\n  Rome under Rome to find!\n\nF.T.J.B.\n\nBrookthorpe.\n\n\n_Parallel Passages._--\n\n    \"_There is an acre sown with royal seed_, the copy of the\n    greatest change from rich to naked, from cieled roofs to arched\n    coffins, from _living like gods to die like men_.\"--Jeremy\n    Taylor's _Holy Dying_, chap. i. sect. 1. p. 272. ed. Edin.\n\n    \"_Here's an acre sown_ indeed\n    _With_ the richest _royalest seeds_,\n    That the earth did e'er suck in,\n    Since the first man dyed for sin:\n    Here the bones of birth have cried,\n    Though _gods they were, as men they died_.\"\n    F. BEAUMONT\n\nM.W.\nOxon.\n\n\n_A Note on George Herbert's Poems._--In the notes by Coleridge attached\nto Pickering's edition of George Herbert's _Poems_, on the line--\n\n  \"My flesh beg_u_n unto my soul in pain,\"\n\nColeridge says--\n\n    \"Either a misprint, or noticeable idiom of the word _began_:\n    Yes! and a very beautiful idiom it is: the first colloquy or\n    address of the flesh.\"\n\nThe idiom is still in use in Scotland. \"You had better not begin to me,\"\nis the first address or colloquy of the school-boy half-angry\nhalf-frightened at the bullying of a companion. The idiom was once\nEnglish, though now obsolete. Several instances of it are given in the\nlast edition of Foxe's _Martyrs_, vol. vi. p. 627. It has not been\nnoticed, however, that the same idiom occurs in one of the best known\npassages of Shakspeare; in Clarence's dream, _Richard III._, Act i. Sc.\n4.:\n\n  \"O, then _began_ the tempest _to_ my soul.\"\n\nHerbert's _Poems_ will afford another illustration to Shakspeare,\n_Hamlet_, Act iv. Sc. 7.:--\n\n  \"And then this _should_ is like a spendthrift sigh,\n  That hurts by easing.\"\n\nColeridge, in the _Literary Remains_, vol. i. p. 233., says--\n\n  \"In a stitch in the side, every one must have heaved\n  a sigh that hurts by easing.\"\n\nDr. Johnson saw its true meaning:\n\n    \"It is,\" he says, \"a notion very prevalent, that sighs impair\n    the strength, and wear out the animal powers.\"\n\nIn allusion to this popular notion, by no means yet extinct, Herbert\nsays, p. 71.:\n\n  \"Or if some years with it (a sigh) escape\n  The sigh then only is\n  A gale to bring me sooner to my bliss.\"\n\nD.S.\n\n\n\"_Crede quod habes_,\" &c.--The celebrated answer to a Protestant about\nthe real presence, by the borrower of his horse, is supposed to be made\nsince the Reformation, by whom I forget:--\n\n  \"Quod nuper dixisti\n  De corpore Christi\n  Crede quod edis et edis;\n  Sic tibi rescribo\n  De tuo palfrido\n  Crede quod habes et habes.\"\n\nBut in Wright and Halliwell's _Reliqui\u00ca Antiqu\u00ca_, p. 287., from a\nmanuscript of the time of Henry VII., is given--\n\n  \"Tu dixisti de corpore Christi, crede et habes\n  De palefrido sic tibi scribo, crede et habes.\"\n\nM.\n\n\n_Grant to the Earl of Sussex of Leave to be covered in the Royal\nPresence._--In editing Heylyn's _History of the Reformation_, I had to\nremark of the grant made by Queen Mary to the Earl of Sussex, that it\nwas the only one of Heylyn's documents which I had been unable to trace\nelsewhere (ii. 90.). Allow me to state in your columns, that I have\nsince found it in Weever's _Funeral Monuments_ (pp. 635, 636).\n\nJ.C. ROBERTSON.\n\nBekesbourne.\n\n\n_The first Woman formed from a Rib_ (Vol. ii., p. 213.).--As you have\ngiven insertion to an extract of a sermon on the subject of the creation\nof Eve, I trust you will allow me to refer your correspondent\nBALLIOLENSIS to Matthew Henry's commentary on the second chapter of\nGenesis, from which I extract the following beautiful explanation of the\nreason why the _rib_ was selected as the material whereof the woman\nshould be created:--\n\n    \"Fourthly, that the woman was made of a rib out of the side of\n    Adam; not made out of his head to top him, nor out of his feet\n    to be trampled upon by him; but out of his side to be equal with\n    him, under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be\n    beloved.\"\n\nIOTA.\n\n\n_Beau Brummel's Ancestry._--Mr. Jesse some years back did ample justice\nto the history of a \"London celebrity,\" George Brummell; but, from what\nhe there stated, the following \"Note\" will, I feel assured, be a novelty\nto him. At the time that Brummell was considered in everything the\n_arbiter elegantiarum_, the writer of this has frequently heard Lady\nMonson (the widow of the second lord, and an old lady who, living to the\nage of ninety-seven, had a wonderful fund of interesting recollections)\nsay, that this ruler of fashion was the descendant of a very excellent\nservant in the family. Not long ago, some old papers of the family being\nturned over, proofs corroborative of this came to light. William\nBrummell, from the year 1734 to 1764, was the faithful and confidential\nservant of Charles Monson, brother of the first lord: the period would\nidentify him with the grandfather of the Beau; the only doubt was, that\nas Mr. Jesse has ascertained that William Brummell, the grandfather,\nwas, in the interval above given, married, had a _son William_, and\nowned a house in Bury Street, how far these facts were compatible with\nhis remaining as a servant living with Charles Monson, both in town and\ncountry. Now, in 1757, Professor Henry Monson of Cambridge being\ndangerously ill, his brother Charles sent William Brummell down, as a\ntrustworthy person, to attend to him; and in a letter from Brummell to\nhis master, he, with many other requisitions, wishes that there may be\nsent down to him a certain glass vessel, very useful for invalids to\ndrink out of, and which, if not in Spring Gardens, \"may be found in\n_Bury Street_. It was used when _Billy_ was ill.\" From the familiarity\nof the word \"Billy,\" he must be speaking of his son. These facts are\ncertainly corroborative of the old dowager's statement.\n\nM(2).\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQUERIES.\n\nGRAY'S ELEGY AND DODSLEY POEMS.\n\nI have here, in the country, few editions of Gray's works by me, and\nthose not the best; for instance, I have neither of those by the Rev. J.\nMitford (excepting his Aldine edition, in one small volume), which,\nperhaps, would render my present Query needless. It relates to a line,\nor rather a word in the _Elegy_, which is of some importance. In the\nsecond stanza, as the poem is usually divided (though Mason does not\ngive it in stanzas, because it was not so originally written), occurs,\n\n  \"Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight.\"\n\nAnd thus the line stands in all the copies (five) I am able at this\nmoment to consult. But referring to Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_,\nvol. iv., where it comes first, the epithet applied to \"flight\" is not\n\"droning,\" but _drony_--\n\n  \"Save where the beetle wheels his _drony_ flight.\"\n\nHas anybody observed upon this difference, which surely is worthy of a\nNote? I cannot find that the circumstance has been remarked upon, but,\nas I said, I am here without the means of consulting the best\nauthorities. The _Elegy_, I presume, must have been first separately\nprinted, and from thence transferred to Dodsley's _Collection_; and I\nwish to be informed by some person who has the earliest impression, how\nthe line is there given? I do not know any one to whom I can appeal on\nsuch a point with greater confidence than to MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM, who,\nI know, has a large assemblage of the first editions of our most\ncelebrated poets from the reign of Anne downwards, and is so well able\nto make use of them. It would be extraordinary, if _drony_ were the\nepithet first adopted by Gray, and subsequently altered by him to\n\"droning,\" that no notice should have been taken of the substitution by\nany of the poet's editors. I presume, therefore, that it has been\nmentioned, and I wish to know where?\n\nNow, a word or two on Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_, in the fourth\nvolume of which, as I have stated, Gray's-_Elegy_ comes first.\nDodsley's is a popular and well-known work, and yet I cannot find _that\nanybody has given the dates connected with it accurately_. If Gray's\n_Elegy_ appeared in it for the first time (which I do not suppose), it\ncame out in 1755 which is the date of vol. iv. of Dodsley's\n_Collection_, and not in 1757, which is the date of the Strawberry Hill\nedition of Gray's _Odes_. The Rev. J. Mitford (Aldine edit. xxxiii.)\ninforms us that \"Dodsley published three volumes of this _Collection_ in\n1752; the fourth volume was published in 1755 and the fifth and sixth\nvolumes, which completed the _Collection_, in 1758.\" I am writing with\nthe title-pages of the work open before me, and I find that the first\nthree volumes were published, not in 1752, but in 1748, and that even\nthis was the second edition so that there must have been an edition of\nthe first three volumes, either anterior to 1748, or earlier in that\nyear. The sale of the work encouraged Dodsley to add a fourth volume in\n1755, and two others in 1758 and the plate of Apollo and the Muses was\nre-engraved for vols. v. and vi., because the original copper, which had\nserved for vols. i., ii., iii., and iv., was so much worn.\n\nThis matter will not seem of such trifling importance to those who bear\nin mind, that if Gray's _Elegy_ did not originally come out in this\n_Collection_ in 1755, various other poems of great merit and\nconsiderable popularity did then make their earliest appearance.\n\nTHE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT.\n\nSept. 1850.\n\nP.S. My attention has been directed to the subject of Gray's _Poems_,\nand particularly to his _Elegy_, by a recent pilgrimage I made to Stoke\nPoges, which is only five or six miles from this neighbourhood. The\nchurch and the poet's monument to his mother are worth a much longer\nwalk; but the mausoleum to Gray, in the immediate vicinity, is a\npreposterous edifice. The residence of Lady Cobham has been lamentably\nmodernised.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nHUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS.\n\nThe name of Hugh Holland has been handed down to posterity in connexion\nwith that of our immortal bard; but few know anything of him beyond his\ncommendatory verses prefixed to the first folio of Shakspeare.\n\nHe was born at Denbigh in 1558, and educated at Westminster School while\nCamden taught there. In 1582 he matriculated at Baliol College, Oxford;\nand about 1590 he succeeded to a Fellowship at Trinity College,\nCambridge. Thence he travelled into Italy, and at Rome was guilty of\nseveral indiscretions by the freedom of his conversations. He next went\nto Jerusalem to pay his devotions at the Holy Sepulchre, and on his\nreturn touched at Constantinople, where he received a reprimand from the\nEnglish ambassador for the former freedom of his tongue. At his return\nto England, he retired to Oxford, and, according to Wood, spent some\nyears there for the sake of the public library. He died in July, 1633,\nand was buried in Westminster Abbey, \"in the south crosse aisle, neere\nthe dore of St. Benet's Chapell,\" but no inscription now remains to\nrecord the event.\n\nWhalley, in Gifford's _Jonson_ (1. cccxiv.), says, speaking of Hugh\nHolland--\n\n    \"He wrote several things, amongst which is the life of Camden;\n    but none of them, I believe, have been ever published.\"\n\nHolland published two works, the titles of which are as follows, and\nperhaps others which I am not aware of:--\n\n1. \"Monumenta Sepulchralia Sancti Pauli. Lond. 1613. 4to.\"\n\n2. \"A Cypres Garland for the Sacred Forehead of our late Soveraigne King\nJames. Lond. 1625. 4to.\"\n\nThe first is a catalogue of the monuments, inscriptions, and epitaphs in\nthe Cathedral Church of St. Paul, which Nicolson calls \"a mean and dull\nperformance.\" It was, at any rate, very popular, being printed again in\nthe years 1616, 1618, and 1633.\n\nThe second is a poetical tract of twelve leaves, of the greatest\npossible rarity.\n\nHolland also printed commendatory verses before a curious musical work,\nentitled _Parthenia, or the Maydenhead of the First Musick for the\nVirginalls_, 1611; and a copy of Latin verses before Dr. Alexander's\n_Roxana_, 1632.\n\nIn one of the Lansdowne MSS. are preserved the following verses written\nupon the death of Prince Henry, by \"Hugh Hollande, fellow of Trinity\nCollege, Cambridge:\"--\n\n  \"Loe, where he shineth yonder\n  A fixed Star in heaven,\n  Whose motion here came under\n  None of the planets seven.\n  If that the Moone should tender\n  The Sun her love, and marry,\n  They both could not engender\n  So sweet a star as HARRY.\"\n\nOur author was evidently a man of some poetical fancy, and if not worthy\nto be classed \"among the chief of English poets,\" he is at least\nentitled to a niche in the temple of fame.\n\nMy object in calling attention to this long forgotten author is, to gain\nsome information respecting his manuscript works. According to Wood,\nthey consist of--1. Verses in Description of the chief Cities of Europe;\n2. Chronicle of Queen Elizabeth's reign; 3. Life of William Camden.\n\nCan any of your readers say in whose possession, or in what\nlibrary, any of the above mentioned MSS. are at the present time? I\nshould also feel obliged for any communication respecting Hugh Holland\nor his works, more especially frown original sources, or books not\neasily accessible.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nHARVEY'S CLAIM TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD.\n\nI have both a Note and a Query about Harvey and the circulation of the\nblood (Vol. ii., p. 187.). The Note refers to Philostratus (_Life of\nApollorius_, p. 461., ed. 1809), _Nouvelles de la R\u00c8publique des\nLettres_, June, 1684, xi.; and Dutens pp. 157-341. 4to. ed. 1796. I\nextract the passage from _Les Nouvelles_:--\n\n    \"On voit avec plaisir un passage d'Andr\u00c8 C\u00casalpinus qui contient\n    fort clairement la doctrine de la circrilation. Il est tir\u00c8 de\n    ses Questions sur la m\u00c8decine imprim\u00c8es l'an 1593. Jean\n    Leonicenas ajo\u02date que le p\u00cbre Paul d\u00c8couvrit la circulation du\n    sang, et les valvules des veines, mais qu'il n'osa pas en\n    parler, de peur d'exciter contre luy quelque temp\u00cdte. Il n'etois\n    d\u00c8j\u2021 que trop suspect, et il n'eut fallu que ce nouveau paradoxe\n    pour le transformer en h\u00c8r\u00c8tique dans le pais d'inquisition. Si\n    bien qu'il ne communiqua son secret qu'au seul Aquapendente, qui\n    n'osant s'exposer \u2021 l'envie.... Il attendit \u2021 l'heure de sa mort\n    pour mettre le livre qu'il avoit compos\u00c8 touchant les valvules\n    des veines entre les mains de la r\u00c8publique de Venise, et comme\n    les moindres nouveautez font peur en cc pais-l\u2021, le livre fut\n    cach\u00c8 dans le billioth\u00cbque de Saint Marc. Mais parcequ'\n    Aquapendente ne fit pas difficult\u00c8 de s'ouvrir \u2021 un jeune\n    Anglois fort curieux nomm\u00c8 Harv\u00c8e, qui \u00c8tudioit sous lui a\n    Padou\u00ce, et qu'en m\u00cdme temps le p\u00cbre Paul fit a m\u00cdme confidence \u2021\n    l'Ambassadeur d'Angleterre, ces deux Anglois de retour chez eux,\n    et se voyant en pais de libert\u00c8, publi\u00cbrent ce dogme, et l'ayant\n    confirm\u00c8 par plusieurs exp\u00c8riences, s'en attribu\u00cbrent toute la\n    gloire.\"\n\nThe Query is, what share Harvey had in the discovery attributed to him?\n\nW.W.B.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Bernardus Patricius._--Some writers mention _Bernardus_ Patricius as a\nfollower of Copernicus, about the time of Galileo. Who was he?\n\nM.\n\n\n_Meaning of Hanger._--Can any one of your readers inform me, what is the\nmeaning of the word _hanger_, so frequently occurring in the names of\nplaces in Bedfordshire, such as Panshanger?\n\nW. Anderson\n\n\n_Cat and Bagpipes._--In studying some letters which passed between two\ndistinguished philosophers of the last century, I have found in one\nepistle a request that the writer might be remembered \"to his friends at\nthe Crown and Anchor, and the _Cat and Bagpipes_.\" The letter was\naddressed to a party in London, where doubtless, both those places of\nentertainment were. The Crown and Anchor was the house where the Royal\nSociety Club held its convivial meetings. Can you inform me where the\nCat and Bagpipes was situated, and what literary and scientific club met\nthere? The name seems to have been a favourite one for taverns, and, if\nI mistake not, is common in Ireland. Is it a corruption of some foreign\ntitle, as so many such names are, or merely a grotesque and piquant\nspecimen of sign-board literature?\n\nQuasimodo.\n\n\n_Andrew Becket._--A.W. Hammond will feel obliged for any information\nrespecting Andrew Becket, Esq., who died 19th January, 1843, \u00cat. 95, and\nto whose memory there is a handsome monument in Kennington Church.\nAccording to that inscription, he was \"ardently devoted to the pursuits\nof literature,\" personally acquainted in early life with the most\ndistinguished authors of his day, long the intimate friend of David\nGarrick, \"and a profound commentator on the dramatic works of\nShakspeare.\" Can any of the learned readers of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\"\nsatisfy this Query?\n\n\n_Laurence Minot._--Is any other MS. of Minot known, besides the one from\nwhich Ritson drew his text? Is there any other edition of this poet\nbesides Ritson's, and the reprints thereof?\n\nE.S. JACKSON.\n\n\n_Modena Family._--When did Victor Amadeus, King of Sardinia, die? When\ndid his daughter, Mary Duchess of Modena, die, (the mother of the\npresent Duke of Modena, and through whom he is the direct heir of the\nHouse of Stuart)?\n\nL.M.M.R.\n\n\n_Bamboozle._--What is the etymology of _bamboozle_, used as a verb?\n\nL.M.M.R.\n\n\n_Butcher's Blue Dress._--What is the origin of the custom, which seems\nall but universal in England, for butchers to wear a blouse or frock of\n_blue_ colour? Though so common in this country as to form a distinctive\nmark of the trade, and to be almost a butcher's uniform, it is, I\nbelieve, unknown on the continent. Is it a custom which has originate in\nsome supposed utility, or in the official dress of a guild or company,\nor in some accident of which a historical notice has been preserved?\n\nL.\n\n\n_Hatchment and Atchievement._--Can any one of the readers of \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES\" tell me how comes the corruption _hatchment_ from\n_atchievement_? Ought the English word to be spelt with a _t_, or thus,\n_achievement_? Why are hatchments put up in churches and on houses?\n\nW. ANDERSON.\n\n\n\"_Te colui Virtutem_.\"--Who is the author of the line--\n\n  \"Te colui virtutem ut rem ast tu nomen inane es?\"\n\nIt is a translation of part of a Greek tragic fragment, quoted,\naccording to Dio Cassius, by Brutus just before his death. As much as is\nhere translated is also to be found in Plutarch _De Superstitione_.\n\nE.\n\n\n\"_Illa suavissima Vita_.\"--Where does \"Illa suavissima vita indies\nsentire se fieri meliorem\" come from?\n\nE.\n\n\n_Christianity, Early Influence of._--\"The beneficial influence of the\nChristian clergy during the first thousand years of the Christian era.\"\n\nWhat works can be recommended on the above subject?\n\nX.Y.Z.\n\n\n_Wraxen, Meaning of._--What is the origin and meaning of the word\n_wraxen_, which was used by a Kentish woman on being applied to by a\nfriend of mine to send her children to the Sunday-school, in the\nfollowing sentence?--\"Why, you see, they go to the National School all\nthe week, and get so _wraxen_, that I cannot send them to the Sunday\nSchool too.\"\n\nG.W. Skyring.\n\n\n_Saint, Legend of a._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where I\ncan find the account of some saint who, when baptizing a heathen,\ninadvertently pierced the convert's foot with the point of his crozier.\nThe man bore the pain without flinching, and when the occurrence was\ndiscovered, he remarked that he thought it was part of the ceremony?\n\nJ.Y.C.\n\n\n_Land Holland--Farewell._--In searching some Court Rolls a few days\nsince, I found some land described as \"Land Holland\" or \"Hollandland.\" I\nhave been unable to discover the meaning of this expression, and should\nbe glad if any of your correspondents can help me.\n\nIn the same manor there is custom for the tenant to pay a sum as a\n_farewell_ to the lord on sale or alienation: this payment is in\naddition to the ordinary fine, &c. Query the origin and meaning of this?\n\nJ.B.C.\n\n\n_Stepony Ale._--Chamberlayne, in his _Present State of England_ (part.\ni. p. 51., ed. 1677), speaking of the \"Dyet\" of the people, thus\nenumerates the prevailing beverages of the day:--\n\n    \"Besides all sorts of the best wines from Spain, France, Italy,\n    Germany, Grecia, there are sold in London above twenty sorts of\n    other drinks: as brandy, coffee, chocolate, tea, aromatick, mum,\n    sider, perry, beer, ale; many sorts of ales very different, as\n    cock, _stepony_, stickback, Hull, North-Down, Sambidge, Betony,\n    scurvy-grass, sage-ale, &c. A piece of wantonness whereof none\n    of our ancestors were ever guilty.\"\n\nIt will be observed that the ales are named in some instances from\nlocalities, and in others from the herbs of which they were decoctions.\nCan any of your readers tell me anything of Stepony ale? Was it ale\nbrewed at Stepney?\n\nJames T. Hammack\n\n\n\"_Regis ad Exemplar_.\"--Can you inform me whence the following line is\ntaken?\n\n  \"Regis ad exemplar totus componitur orbis.\"\n\nQ.Q.Q.\n\n\n\"_La Caconacquerie_\".--Will one of your numerous correspondents be kind\nenough to inform me what is the true signification and derivation of the\nword \"caconac?\" D'Alembert, writing to Voltaire concerning Turgot, says:\n\n    \"You will find him an excellent _caconac_, though he has reasons\n    for not avowing it:--la caconacquerie ne m\u00cbne pas \u2021 la fortune.\"\n\nArdern.\n\n\n_London Dissenting Ministers: Rev. Thomas Tailer._--Not being entirely\nsuccessful in my Queries with regard to \"London Dissenting Ministers\"\n(Vol. i., pp. 383. 444. 454.), I will state a circumstance which,\npossibly, may assist some one of your correspondents in furnishing an\nanswer to the second of those inquiries.\n\nIn the lines immediately referred to, where certain Nonconformist\nministers of the metropolis are described under images taken from the\nvegetable world, the late Rev. Thomas Tailer (of Carter Lane), whose\nvoice was feeble and trembling, is thus spoken of:--\n\n  \"Tailer tremulous as aspen leaves.\"\n\nBut in verses afterwards circulated, if not printed, the censor was\nrebuked as follows:--\n\n  \"Nor tell of Tailer's trembling voice so weak,\n  While from his lips such charming accents break,\n  And every virtue, every Christian grace,\n  Within his bosom finds a ready place.\"\n\nNo encomium could be more deserved, none more seasonably offered or more\nappropriately conveyed. I knew Mr. Tailer, and am pleased in cherishing\nrecollections of him.\n\nW.\n\n\n_Mistletoe as a Christmas Evergreen._--Can any of your readers inform me\nat what period of time the mistletoe came to be recognised as a\nChristmas evergreen? I am aware it played a great part in those\nceremonies of the ancient Druids which took place towards the end of the\nyear, but I cannot find any allusion to it, in connexion with the\nChristian festival, before the time of Herrick. You are of course aware,\nthat there are still in existence some five or six very curious old\ncarols, of as early, or even an earlier date than the fifteenth century,\nin praise of the holly or the ivy, which said carols used to be sung\nduring the Christmas festivities held by our forefathers but I can\ndiscover no allusion even to the mistletoe for two centuries later. If\nany of your readers should be familiar with any earlier allusion in\nprose, but still more particularly in verse, printed or in manuscript, I\nshall feel obliged by their pointing it out.\n\nV.\n\n\n_Poor Robin's Almanacks._--I am anxious to ascertain in which public or\nprivate library is to be found the most complete collection of Poor\nRobin's _Almanacks_: through the medium of your columns, I may, perhaps,\nglean the desired information.\n\nV.\n\n\n_Sirloin._--When on a visit, a day or two since, to the very interesting\n_ruin_ (for so it must be called) of Haughton Castle, near Blackburn,\nLancashire, I heard that the origin of this word was the following freak\nof James I. in his visit to the castle; a visit, by the way, which is\nsaid to have ruined the host, and to have been not very profitable even\nto all his descendants. A magnificent loin of meat being placed on the\ntable before his Majesty, the King was so struck with its size and\nexcellence, that he drew his sword, and cried out, \"By my troth, I'll\nknight thee, Sir Loin!\" and then and there the title was given; a title\nwhich has been honoured, unlike other knighthoods, by a goodly\nsuccession of illustrious heirs. Can any of your correspondents vouch\nfor the truth of this?\n\nH.C.\nBowden, Manchester.\n\n\n_Thomson of Esholt._--In the reign of Henry VIII. arms were granted to\nHenry Thomson, of Esholt, co. York, one of that monarch's\ngentlemen-at-arms at Boulogne. The grant was made by Laurence Dalton,\nNorroy. The shield was--Per fesse embattled, ar. and sa., three falcons,\nbelted, countercharged--a _bend_ sinister. Crest: An armed arm, embowed,\nholding a lance, erect. Families of the name of Thompson, bearing the\nsame shield, have been seated at Kilham, Scarborough, Escrick, and other\nplaces in Yorkshire. My inquiries are,--\n\n1. Will any of your readers by kind enough to inform me where any\nmention is made of this grant, and the circumstances under which it was\nmade?\n\n2. Whether any _ancient_ monuments, or heraldic bearings of the family,\nare still extant in any parts of Yorkshire?\n\n3. Whether any work on Yorkshire genealogies exists, and what is the\nbest to be consulted?\n\nJAYTEE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Pension_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--In the _Dictionnaire Universelle_, 1775,\nvol. ii. p. 203., I find the following explanation of the French word\n_Pension_:--\n\n    \"Somme qu'on donne pour la nourriture et le logement de\n    quelqu'un. _Il se dit aussi du lieu o\u02d8 l'on donne \u2021 manger._\"\n\nMay not the meeting of the benchers have derived its name for their\ndining-room in which they assembled?\n\nBRAYBROOKE.\n\n\n_Execution of Charles I._ (Vol. ii., pp. 72. 110-140. 158.).--In Lilly's\n_History of his Life and Times_, I find the following interesting\naccount in regard to the vizored execution of Charles I., being part of\nthe evidence he gave when examined before the first parliament of King\nCharles II. respecting the matter. Should any of your correspondents be\nable to substantiate this, or produce more conclusive evidence in\ndetermining who the executioner was, I shall be extremely obliged. Lilly\nwrites,--\n\n    \"Liberty being given me to speak, I related what follows: viz.,\n    That the next Sunday but one after Charles I. was beheaded,\n    Robert Spavin Secretary to Lieutenant-General Cromwell at that\n    time, invited himself to dine with me, and brought Anthony\n    Pearson and several others along with him to dinner. That their\n    principal discourse all dinner time was only who it was that\n    beheaded the king. One said it was the common hangman; another,\n    Hugh Peters; others were also nominated, but none concluded.\n    Robert Spavin, so soon as dinner was done, took me by the hand,\n    and carried me to the south window. Saith he, 'These are all\n    mistaken; they have not named the man that did the fact: it was\n    Lieutenant-Colonel Joice. I was in the room when he fitted\n    himself for the work; stood behind him when he did it; when\n    done, went in with him again: there is no man knows this but my\n    master, viz. Cromwell, Commissary Ireton, and myself.'--'Doth\n    Mr. Rushworth know it?' saith I. 'No, he doth not know it,'\n    saith Spavin. The same thing Spavin since has often related to\n    me, when we were alone.\"\n\nR.W.E.\nCheltenham.\n\n\n_Paper Hangings_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--\"It was on the walls of this\ndrawing-room (the king's at Kensington Palace) that the then new art of\npaper-hangings, in imitation of the old velvet flock, was displayed with\nan effect that soon led to the adoption of so cheap and elegant a\nmanufacture, in preference to the original rich material from which it\nwas copied.\"--W.H. Pyne's _Royal Residences_, vol. ii. p. 75.\n\nM.W.\n\n\n_Black-guard._--There are frequent entries among those of deaths of\npersons attached to the Palace of Whitehall, in the registers of St.\nMargaret's, Westminster, of \"----, one of the blake garde.\" about the\nyear 1566, and later. In the Churchwarden's Accompts we find--\n\n    \"1532. Pd. for licence of 4 torchis for Black Garde, vj. d.\"\n\nThe royal Halberdiers carried black bills. (Grose, _Milit. Antiq._, vol.\ni. p. 124.) In 1584 they behaved with great cruelty in Ireland.\n(Cornp. Peck's _Des. Curios._, vol. i. p. 155.) So Stainhurst, in his\n_Description_, says of bad men: \"They are taken for no better than\nrakehells, or the devil's blacke guarde.\"--Chap. 8. Perhaps, in\ndistinction to the gaily dressed military guard, the menial attendants\nin a royal progress were called black-guards from their dull appearance.\n\nI remember a story current in Dublin, of a wicked wag telling a highly\nrespectable old lady, who was asking, where were the quarters of the\nguards, in which corps her son was a private, to inquire at the lodge of\nTrinity College if he was not within those learned walls, as the \"black\nguards were lying there.\"\n\nM.W.\n\n\n_Pilgrims' Road_ (Vol. ii., p. 237.).--Your correspondent S.H., in\nnoticing the old track \"skirting the base of the chalk hills,\" and known\nby the name of the \"Pilgrims' Road,\" has omitted to state that its\ncommencement is at Oxford,--a fact of importance, inasmuch as that the\nArchbishops of Canterbury had there a handsome palace (the ruins of\nwhich still exist), which is said to have been the favourite residence\nof Thomas \u2021 Becket. The tradition in the county thereupon is, that his\nmemory was held in such sanctity in that neighbourhood as to cause a\nvast influx of pilgrims annually from thence to his shrine at\nCanterbury; and the line of road taken by them can still be traced,\nthough only portions of it are now used as a highway. The direction,\nhowever, in which it runs makes it clear (as S.H., no doubt, is aware)\nthat it cannot be Chaucer's road.\n\nWhile on the subject of old roads, I may add that a tradition here\nexists that the direct road between London and Tunbridge did not pass\nthrough Sevenoaks; and a narrow lane which crosses the Pilgrims' road\nnear Everham is pointed out as the former highway, and by which Evelyn\nmust have been journeying (passing close, indeed, to the seat of his\npresent descendant at St. Clere) when he met with that amusing\nrobber-adventure at Procession Oak.\n\nM(2).\n\n\n_Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury._--In the _Athen\u00caum_ of Nov. 2nd, 1844,\nthere is a notice of _Remarks upon Wayside Chapels; with Observations on\nthe Architecture and present State of the Chantry on Wakefield Bridge_:\nBy John Chessell and Charles Buckler--in which the reviewer says--\n\n    \"In our pedestrianism we have traced the now desolate ruins of\n    several of these chapels along the old pilgrims' road to\n    Canterbury.\"\n\nIf this writer would give us the results of his pedestrianism, it would\nbe acceptable to _all_ the lovers of Chaucer. I do not know whether\nPHILO-CHAUCER will find anything to his purpose in the pamphlet\nreviewed.\n\nE.S. JACKSON.\n\n\n_Combs buried with the Dead._--In Vol. ii., p. 230., the excellent vicar\nof Morwenstow asks the reason why combs are found in the graves of St.\nCuthbert and others, monks, in the cathedral church of Durham. I imagine\nthat they were the combs used at the first tonsure of the novices, to\nthem a most interesting memorial of that solemn rite through life, and\nfrom touching affection to the brotherhood among whom they had dwelt,\nburied with them at their death.\n\nM.W.\n\n\n_The Comb_, concerning \"the origin and intent\" of which MR. HAWKER (Vol.\nii., p. 230.) seeks information, was for ritual use; and its purposes\nare fully described in Dr. Rock's _Church of our Fathers_, t. ii. p.\n122., &c.\n\nLITURGICUS.\n\n\n_A\u00cerostation._--C.B.M. will find in the _Athen\u00caum_ for August 10th,\n1850, a notice of a book on this subject.\n\nE.S. JACKSON.\n\n\n_St. Thomas of Lancaster_ (Vol. i., p. 181.).--MR. R.M. MILNES desires\ninformation relative to \"St. Thomas of Lancaster.\" This personage was\nEarl of Leicester as well as Earl of Lancaster; and I find in the\narchives of this borough numerous entries relative to him,--of payments\nmade to him by the burgesses. Of these mention is made in a _History of\nLeicester_ recently published. The most curious fact I know of is, that\non the dissolution of the monasteries here, several relics of St.\nThomas, among others, his felt hat, was exhibited. The hat was\nconsidered a great remedy for the headache!\n\nJAYTEE.\n\n\n_Smoke Money_ (Vol. ii., p. 120.).--\"Anciently, even in England, were\nWhitsun farthings, or smoke farthings, which were a composition for\nofferings made in Whitsun week, by every man who occupied a house with a\nchimney, to the cathedral of the diocese in which he lived.\"--Audley's\n_Companion to the Almanac_, p. 76.\n\nPentecostals, or Whitsun Farthings, are mentioned by Pegge as being paid\nin 1788 by the parishioners of the diocese of Lichfield, in aid of the\nrepairs of the cathedral, to the dean and chapter; but he makes no\nallusion to the word _smoke_, adding only that in this case the payment\nwent by the name of Chad-pennies, or Chad-farthings, the cathedral there\nbeing dedicated to St. Chad.\n\nC.I.R.\n\n\n_Robert Herrick_ (Vol. i., p. 291.).--MR. MILNER BARRY states that he\nfound an entry of the burial of the poet Herrick in the parish books of\nDean Prior. As MR. BARRY seems interested in the poet, I would inform\nhim that a voluminous collection of family letters of early date is now\nin the possession of William Herrick, Esq., of Beaumanor Park, the\npresent representative of that ancient and honourable house.\n\nJAYTEE.\n\n\n_Guildhalls._--The question in Vol. i., p. 320., relative to guildhalls,\nprovokes an inquiry into guilds. In the erudite and instructive\nwork of Wilda on the _Guild System of the Middle Ages (Gildenwesen im\nMittel\u2030lter)_ will be found to be stated that guilds were associations\nof various kinds,--convivial, religions, and mercantile, and so on; and\nthat places of assembly were adopted by them. A guild-house where eating\nand drinking took place, was to be met with in most villages in early\ntimes: and these, I fancy, were the guild-halls. On this head consult\nHone's _Every-day Book_, vol. ii. p. 670., and elsewhere, in connexion\nwith Whitsuntide holidays.\n\nJAYTEE.\n\n\n_Abb\u00c8 Strickland_ (Vol. ii., pp. 198. 237.).--The fullest account of the\nAbb\u00c8 Strickland, _Bishop of Namur_, is to be found in Lord Hervey's\n_Memoirs_ (Vol. i., p. 391.), and a most curious account it is of that\nprofligate intriguer.\n\nC.\n\n\n_Long Lonkin_ (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 251.).--This ballad does not relate to\nCumberland, but to Northumberland. This error was committed by Miss\nLandon (in the _Drawing-room Scrap-book_ for 1835), to whom a lady of\nthis town communicated the fragment through the medium of a friend. Its\nreal locality is a ruined tower, seated on the corner of an extensive\nearth-work surrounded by a moat, on the western side of Whittle Dean,\nnear Ovingham. Since this period, I have myself taken down many\nadditional verses from the recitation of the adjacent villagers, and\nwill be happy to afford any further information to your inquirer,\nSELEUCUS.\n\nG. BOUCHIER RICHARDSON.\nNewcastle-upon-Tyne, Sept. 7. 1850.\n\n\n_Havock_ (Vol. ii., p. 215.).--The presumed object of literary men being\nthe investigation of truth, your correspondent JARLTZBERG will, I trust,\npardon me for suggesting that his illustration of the word _havock_ is\nincomplete, and especially with reference to the line of Shakspeare\nwhich he has quoted:\n\n  \"Cry havock! and let slip the dogs of war.\"\n\nGrose, in his _History of English Armour_, vol. ii. p. 62., says that\n_havok_ was the word given as a signal for the troops to disperse and\npillage, as may be learned from the following article in the _Droits of\nthe Marshal_, vol. ii. p. 229., wherein it is declared, that--\n\n    \"In the article of plunder, all the sheep and hogs belong to\n    such private soldiers as can take them; and that on the word\n    havok being cried, every one might seize his part; but this\n    probably was only a small part of the licence supposed to be\n    given by the word.\"\n\nHe also refers to the ordinance of Richard II.\n\nIn agreeing with your correspondent that the use of this word was the\nsignal for general massacre, unlimited slaughter, and giving no quarter,\nas well as taking plunder in the manner described above, the omission of\nwhich I have to complain is, that, in stating no one was to raise the\ncry, under penalty of losing his head, he did not add the words, \"the\nking excepted.\" It was a royal act; and Shakspeare so understood it to\nbe; as will appear from the passage referred to, if fully and fairly\nquoted:--\n\n  \"And C\u00casar's spirit, ranging for revenge,\n  With At\u00c8 by his side, come hot from hell,\n  Shall in these confines, _with a monarch's voice_,\n  Cry Havock! and let slip the dogs of war.\"\n                                  _Julius C\u00casar_ Act iii.\n\nIt is not at this moment in my power to assist F.W. with the reference\nto the history of Bishop Berkeley's giant, though it exists somewhere in\nprint. The subject of the experiment was a healthy boy, who died in the\nend, in consequence of over-growth, promoted (as far as my recollection\nserves me) principally by a peculiar diet.\n\nW(1).\n\n\n_Becket's Mother._--I do not pretend to explain the facts mentioned by\nMR. FOSS (Vol. ii., p. 106.), that the hospital founded in honour of\nBecket was called \"The Hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr, _of Acon_;\"\nand that he was himself styled \"St. Thomas _Acrenis_, or _of Acre_;\" but\nI believe that the true explanation must be one which would not be a\nhindrance to the rejection of the common story as to the Archbishop's\nbirth. _If_ these titles were intended to connect the Saint with Acre in\nSyria, they may have originated after the legend had become popular. But\nit seems to me more likely, that, like some other city churches and\nchapels, that of St. Thomas got its designation from something quite\nunconnected with the history of the patron. In particular, I would ask\nwhat is the meaning of \"St. Nicolas _Acons_?\" And may not the same\nexplanation (whatever it be) serve for \"St. Thomas _of Acon_?\" Or the\nhospital may have been built on some noted \"acre\" (like _Long Acre_ and\n_Pedlars Acre_); and if afterwards churches in other places were\nconsecrated to St. Thomas under the designation \"_of Acre_,\" (as to\nwhich point I have no information), the churches of \"our Lady _of\nLoretto_,\" scattered over various countries, will supply a parallel. As\nto the inference which Mr. Nichols (_Pilgrimages_, p. 120.) draws from\nthe name _Acrensis_, that Becket was _born at_ Acre, I must observe that\nit introduces a theory which is altogether new, and not only opposed to\nthe opinion that the Archbishop was of English or Norman descent on both\nsides, but _essentially_ contradictory of the legend as to the fair\nSaracen who came from the East in search of her lover.\n\nJ.C.R.\n\n\n_Watching the Sepulchre_ (Vol. i., pp. 318. 354. 403.).--In the parish\nbooks of Leicester various entries respecting the Sepulchre occur. In\nthe year 1546, when a sale took place of the furniture of St. Martin's\nChurch, the \"Sepulchre light\" was sold to Richard Rainford for\n21s. 10d. In the reign of Queen Mary gatherings were made for the\n\"Sepulchre lights;\" timber for making the lights cost 5s.; the light\nitself, 4s.; and painting the Sepulchre, and a cloth for \"our lady's\naltar,\" cost 1s. 10d. Facts like these might be multiplied.\n\nJAYTEE.\n\n\n_Portraits of Charles I. in Churches_ (Vol. i., pp. 137. 184.).--In\nreference to this I have to state, that in the south aisle of the church\nof St. Martin, in Leicester, a painting of this kind is yet to be seen,\nor was lately. It was executed by a Mr. Rowley, for 10l., in the year\n1686. It represents the monarch in a kneeling attitude.\n\nJAYTEE.\n\n\n_Joachim, the French Ambassador_ (Vol. ii., p. 229.).--In Rapin's\n_History of England_ I find this ambassador described as \"Jean-Joachim\nde Passau, Lord of Vaux.\" This may assist AMICUS.\n\nJ.B.C.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMISCELLANEOUS\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.\n\nThe Rev. Mackenzie Walcott, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, whose\npleasant gossiping _Memorials of Westminster_, and _History of St.\nMargaret's Church_, are no doubt familiar to many of our readers, is, as\nan old Wykehamist, collecting information for a \"History of Commoners\nand the Two S. Marie Winton Colleges;\" and will feel obliged by lists of\nillustrious alumni, and any notes, arch\u00caological and historical, about\nthat noble school, which will be duly acknowledged.\n\nThe _Cambrian Arch\u00caological Association_, which was established in 1846\nfor the purpose of promoting the study and preservation of the\nantiquities of Wales and the Marches, held its fourth anniversary\nmeeting in the ancient and picturesque town of Dolgelly, during the week\ncommencing the 26th ultimo. The Association is endeavouring to extend\nits usefulness by enlarging the number of its members; and as its\nsubscribing members receive in return for their yearly pound, not only\nthe Society's Journal, the _Arch\u00caologia Cambrensis_ but also the annual\nvolume of valuable arch\u00caological matter published by the Association, we\ncannot doubt but their exertions will meet the sympathy and patronage of\nall who take an interest in the national and historical remains of the\nprincipality.\n\nThe preceding paragraph was scarcely finished when we received proof of\nthe utility of the Association in Mr. Freeman's volume, entitled\n_Remarks on the Architecture of Llandaff Cathedral, with an Essay\ntowards a History of the Fabric_--a volume which, as we learn from the\npreface, had its origin in the observations on some of the more singular\npeculiarities of the fabric made by the author at the Cardiff meeting of\nthe Association in 1849. These remarks were further developed in a paper\nin the _Arch\u00caologia Cambrensis_; and have now been expanded into the\npresent descriptive and historical account of a building which, to use\nMr. Freeman's words, \"in many respects, both of its history and\narchitecture, stands quite alone among English churches.\" Mr. Freeman's\nability to do justice to such a subject is well known: and his work will\ntherefore assuredly find a welcome from the numerous body of students of\nchurch architecture now to be found in this country; and to their\njudgments we leave it.\n\n_Notes on Bishop Jeremy Taylor's Works._ A reprint being called for of\nvol. vi. of the present edition of Bishop Taylor's works, the Editor\nwill be glad of any assistance towards verifying the references which\nhave been omitted. The volume is to go to press early in October.\n\nMessrs. Puttick and Simpson will commence on Monday next a six days'\nsale of valuable books in all classes of literature; oriental, and other\nmanuscripts; autograph letters; engravings, miniatures, paintings, &c.\n\nMessrs. Southgate and Barrett will sell on Tuesday next some fine\nportraits and engravings; together with a very interesting and extensive\ncollection of nearly 200 original proclamations (extending from 1631 to\n1695), two books printed by Pynson, unknown to bibliographers (viz.\n_Aphthonii Sophist\u00ca Pr\u00caxercitamenta_ and _Ciceronis Orationes\nPhilippic\u00ca_ and a few valuable MSS).\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nESSAYS, SCRIPTURAL, MORAL, AND LOGICAL, by W. and T. Ludlam. 2 vols.\n8vo. London, 1807.\n\nELDERFIELD (C.), DISQUISITIONS ON REGENERATION, BAPTISM, &c., 4to.\nLondon, 1653.\n\nDODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT THE SOUL\nIS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c.\n\nTHE TALE OF A TUB REVERSED, for the universal Improvement of Mankind,\nwith a character of the Author.\n\nREFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS, or, Remarks on his Account of\nCaptain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Col. Luke\nLillingston. 1704. [Two copies wanted.]\n\nSEVEN CHAMPIONS OF CHRISTENDUM. [Any Edition before 1700.]\n\nCHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES AND OTHER POEMS, 2 vols. 12mo. [Cumberland's\nEdition.]\n\nLetters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\nVOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious\nIndex, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by\norder, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: so\nthat our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in\nreceiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not\nyet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in\ntheir Saturday parcels._\n\nW.A. _will find an article on_ \"The Owl was once a Baker's Daughter,\"\n_quoted by Shakspeare, in one of_ MR. THOMS' _Papers on the_ FOLK LORE\nOF SHAKSPEARE, _published in the_ Athen\u00caum October and November 1847.\n\n       *       *       *       *       * \n\nJUNIUS IDENTIFIED.\n\nIn One Volume 8vo., price 6s., bds., (published in 1818 at 14s.). JUNIUS\nIDENTIFIED with SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. By JOHN TAYLOR. Second Edition, with\nthe Appendix, containing the Plates of Handwriting.\n\nLondon: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower-street; and 27. Ivy\nLane, Paternoster Row.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nAMERICA AND IRELAND.--MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, Number XI. for 1850,\ncontains many curious and interesting books on the above Countries with\nthe usual valuable Miscellanies in all departments, Published this day,\nGRATIS.\n\nThe following Books may also be had of him:--\n\nBALLAD ROMANCES, by R. H. HORNE, Esq., author of \"Orion.\"\n&c.--Containing the Noble Heart, a Bohemian Legend--The Monk of\nSwinstead Abbey, a Ballad Chronicle of the Death of King John--The Three\nKnights of Camelott, a Fairy Tale--The Ballad of Delora, or the Passion\nof Andrea Como--Red Gelert, a Welsh Legend--Ben Capstan, A Ballad of the\nNight Watch--The Elf of the Woodlands, a Child's Story, fcap. 8vo,\nelegantly printed and bound in cloth, 248 pages, only 2s. 6d.\n\nCRITICISMS AND ESSAYS On the Writings of Atherstone, Blair, Bowles, Sir\nE. Brydges, Carlyle, Carrington, Coleridge, Cowper, Croly, Gillfillian,\nGraham, Hazlitt, Heber, Heraud, Harvey, Irving, Keats, Miller, Pollock,\nTighe, Wordsworth, and other Modern Writers, by the Rev. J.W. LESTER,\nB.A., royal 8vo., 100 pages of closely printed letterpress, originally\npublished at 5s., reduced to 1s. 3d. 1848.\n\n\"We give our cordial subscription to the general scope and tenor of his\nviews, which are in the main promulgated with a perspicuity and\neloquence not always found in the same individual.\"--_Church of England\nQuarterly Review._\n\n\"Mr. Lester's volume is one of superior merit, and deserves a high rank\namong works of its class.\"--_Tail's Edinburgh Review._\n\n\"He is the pioneer of the beautiful.\"--_Manchester Examiner._\n\nFALLACY OF GHOSTS, DREAMS, AND OMENS, with Stories of Witchcraft, Life\nin Death, and Monomania, by CHARLES OLLIER, 12mo., cloth. gilt, with\nIllustrations by G. Measom, 250 pages of amusing letterpress, only 2s.\n\nJOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos-street, Trafalgar-square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nOld Engravings, early Printed Books, Manuscripts, &c.\n\nSOUTHGATE and BARRETT will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms, 22.\nFleet-street, on Tuesday, September 24, at 12. PORTRAITS and ENGRAVlNGS.\nincliding many proofs, a very interesting and extensive collection of\noriginal proclamations, two books printed by Pynson unknown to\nbibliographers: also a few very valuable Manuscripts relating to the\ncounties of Stafford, Salon, Leicester, Wilts, &c., ancient statutes\nupon vellum. heraldic MSS., &c.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust Published, 8vo., price 8s., with numerous Illustrations by Messrs.\nO. Jerrit and H. Shaw,\n\nREMARKS ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL; with an Essay towards\na History of the Fabric. By EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M.A., late Fellow of\nTrinity College, Oxford; author of the \"History of Architecture.\"\n\nLondon: W. PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. Tenby: R. MASON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust Published, price 5s., in post 8vo., cloth lettered; if sent by\nPost. 6s.\n\nTHE POPE; Considered in his RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCH, TEMPORAL\nSOVEREIGNTIES, SEPARATED CHURCHES, and the CAUSE OF CIVILISATION. By\nCOUNT JOSEPH DE MAISTRE. Translated by the Rev. AENEAS MC D. DAWSON.\nEmbellished with a Portrait of His Holiness Pope Pius IX.\n\nLondon: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond-street; and 48A. Paternoster Row.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE PARLOUR LIBRARY, One Shilling each Volume.\n\nThe Publishers beg to state that all G.P.R. JAMES's works lately out of\nprint are again reprinted, and may be had of every bookseller and at all\nthe railway stations. Works by the following popular authors have also\nbeen published in the \"Parlour Library:\"--\n\nA. Lamartine\nG.P.R. James\nWashington Irving\nMiss Mitford\nAuthor of \"Emilia Wyndham\"\nMiss Austen\nWilliam Carleton\nGerald Griffin\nMary Howitt\nT.C. Grattan\nMrs. S.C. Hall\nRodolph Toppfer\nLeitch Ritchie\nThe O'Hara Family\nW. Meinhold\nAlex. Dumas\n\nSIMMS and M'INTYRE, 13. Paternoster Row, London, and Belfast. Sold at\nall the Railway Stations.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPublished by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet-street.\n\nNow ready, 1 vol. 8vo., with etched Frontispiece, by Wehnert, and Eight\nEngravings, price 15s.\n\nSABRINAE COROLLA: a Volume Of Classical Translations with original\nCompositions contributed by Gentlemen educated at Shrewsbury School.\n\nAmong the Contributors are the Head Masters of Shrewsbury. Stanford,\nRepton, Birmingham, and Uppingham Schools; Andrew Lawson, Esq., late\nM.P; the Rev. R. Shilleto, Cambridge; the Rev. T.S. Evans, Rugby; J.\nRiddell, Esq., Fellow of Baliol College, Oxford; the Rev. E.M. Cope,\nH.J. Hodgson, Esq., H.A.J. Munro, Esq., W.G. Clark, Esq., Fellows of\nTrinity College, Cambridge, and many other distinguished Scholars from\nboth Universities.\n\nThe Work is edited by three of the principal Contributors.\n\n\"Highly creditable to the Scholarship of Shrewsbury, and indeed of\nEngland, and we wish it heartily success.\"--_Guardian._\n\nRULES FOR OVIDIAN VERSE, with some Hints on the Transition to the\nVirgilian Hexameter, and an Introductory Preface. Edited by JAMES TATE,\nA.M., Master of the Grammar School, Richmond. 8vo. sewed, 1s. 6d.\n\nFIRST STEPS TO LATIN VERSIFICATION, being an Analysis of the Scansion\nand Structure of the Ovidian Verse. Price 6d. on sheet; folded in cloth,\n1s.\n\nJust Published, fcp. 8vo., price 4s. 6d., cloth,\n\nCICERONIS CATO MAJOR, sive de Senectute, Laelius, site de Amicitia. et\nEpistol\u00ca Select\u00ca; with English Notes and an Index. By GEORGE LONG. Being\na second volume of the Grammar School Classics.\n\n\"Mr. George Long has edited the De Senectute, and De Amicitia, together\nwith some of the Epistles of Cicero, and has contributed a very clever\npreface upon the best way of teaching foreign, and especially classical,\nlanguages. Mr. Long's ability and reputation render any writing of his\nimportant, and his name is a pledge for the accuracy and value of the\nedition.\"--_Guardian._\n\nAlso, a new edition, price 5s.,\n\nXENOPHON'S ANABASIS, with English Notes and Three Maps. By the Rev. J.F.\nMACMICHAEL, Master of the Grammar School, Burton-on-Trent. Being the\nfirst volume of Grammar School Classics.\n\n\"We can confidently recommend this as the best school edition, and we\nfeel certain that it will satisfy every reasonable demand that can be\nmade.\"--_Classical Museum._\n\n12mo., cloth, 2s. 6d.\n\nSELECTIONS FROM OVID; AMORES, TRISTIA, HEROIDES, METAMORPHOSES: with\nprefatory remarks. This Selection is intended to afford an introduction,\nat once easy and unobjectionable, to a knowledge of the Latin Language,\nafter a boy has become well acquainted with the declensions of nouns and\npronouns, and the ordinary forms of verbs.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, September 21. 1850.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 47, September 21, 1850","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":13941}