{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_15405/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_15405","id":"gutenberg_15405","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15405","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference","Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith\nEdkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.\n\n\n\n\n\n{433}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 57.]\nSATURDAY, NOVEMBER 30. 1850.\n[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--\n    Portrait of Cardinal Beaton                            433\n    On the Pointing of a Passage in \"All's Well that Ends\n      Well\" by A. Roffe                                    434\n    Folk-Lore:--The bigger the Ring, the nearer the Wet\n      --Power of prophesying before Death--Change in the\n      Appearance of the Dead--Strange Remedies--Mice\n      as a Medicine--Omens from Birds                      434\n    Mode of computing Interest                             435\n    On the Cultivation of Geometry in Lancashire           436\n    Minor Notes.--Sermon's Pills--An Infant Prodigy--\n      A Hint for Publishers--\"He who runs may read\"--\n      The Rolliad--The Conquest                            438\n\n  QUERIES:--\n    Bibliographical Queries                                440\n    Minor Queries.--Dr. Timothy Thruscross--Echo\n      Song--Meaning of Thwaites--Deus Justificatus--\n      Death by Burning--Irish Bull--Farquharson's\n      Observations on Aurorae--Defender of the Faith--\n      Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Roman Churches--\n      Dandridge the Painter--Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve--\n      John o'Groat's House--Dancing the Bride to\n      Bed--Duke and Earl of Albermarle                     441\n\n  REPLIES:--\n    Julin, the Drowned City                                443\n    Nicholas Ferrar and the so-called Arminian Nunnery of\n      Little Gidding                                       444\n    Vineyards                                              446\n    Treatise of Equivocation, by J. Sansom                 446\n    Riots in London                                        446\n    Replies to Minor Queries:--Osnaburg Bishoprick--\n      Death of Richard II.--Scottish Prisoners sold to\n      Plantations--Lachrymatories--Querela Cantabrigiensis--\n      \"Then\" for \"than.\"--Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception--\n      Letters of Horning--Dr. Euseby Cleaver--Mrs. Partington--\"Never\n      did Cardinal bring good to England\"--Florentine Edition of the\n      Pandects--Master John Shorne--\"Her Brow was\n      Fair\"--Dodd's Church History--Blackwall Docks--\n      Wives of Ecclesiastics--Stephens' Sermons--Saying\n      of Montaigne--Scala Coeli--Red Hand                  447\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n    Notes on Books, Sales Catalogues, &c.                  453\n    Books and Odd Volumes Wanted                           453\n    Notices to Correspondents                              454\n    Advertisements                                         454\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNOTES\n\nPORTRAIT OF CARDINAL BEATON.\n\nA portrait of this eminent Man was engraved by Pennant, from a picture at\nHolyrood House, in Part II. of his _Tour in Scotland_, p. 243. 4to. Lond.\n1776. Lodge has an engraving from the same portrait in his collection of\n_Illustrious Personages_. This is a strange circumstance; because, when\nPinkerton was about to include this portrait in his collection, Pennant\nwrote to him, on 30th April, 1796, as follows:\n\n    \"Give me leave to say, that I suspect the authenticity of my Cardinal\n    Beaton. I fear it is Cardinal Falconer or Falconieri. I think there is\n    a genuine one somewhere in Scotland. It will be worth your while to\n    inquire if there be one, and engrave it, and add my suspicions, which\n    induce you do it.\"--Pinkerton's _Correspondence_, vol. i. p. 402. 8vo.\n    Lond. 1830.\n\nPinkerton made inquiry, and on Dec. 1st, 1797, writes to the Earl of\nBuchan:\n\n    \"Mr. Pennant informs me the Cardinal Beaton is false. It is, indeed,\n    too modern. A real Beaton is said to exist in Fife.\"--Pinkerton's\n    _Correspondence_, vol. ii. p. 17.\n\nLord Buchan writes to him that Mr. Beaton, of Balfour, believes himself to\nhave a genuine portrait of the Cardinal, and offers it for engraving. The\nauthenticity of this portrait, however, appears not to have been\nestablished, and it was not engraved. Another was found at Yester, and was\nat first concluded to be a genuine original: but Lady Ancram soon\ndiscovered that it possessed no marks of originality, but might be a good\ncopy: it was, however, certainly _not_ one of the six cardinals purchased\nby the third Earl of Lothian. Finally, it was rejected altogether. A copy\nof a portrait from the Vatican was also rejected as undoubtedly spurious.\nIt appears, therefore, that Pinkerton, in this case at least, exercised\ncaution in the selection of his subject for engraving, so far as concerned\nauthenticity. His criticism, that the Holyrood House portrait is \"too\nmodern,\" will be agreed in by all who will take the trouble to compare the\nportrait in Lodge with undoubted portraits of the time: the style is too\nmodern by a hundred years. But the portrait is of a man upwards of sixty\nyears old: Beaton was murdered in 1546, in the fiftieth year of his age.\nThe portrait is of a dark haired man without beard.\n\nI now come to a portrait of Beaton which there appears reason to think is\ngenuine, and I beg the favour of your correspondents to give me any\ninformation in their power regarding it. This portrait is in the Roman\nCatholic College at Blairs, near Aberdeen. It was in the Scotch College at\nRome down to the period of the French occupation of that city in 1798, and\nformed part of the plunder {434} from that college. It was subsequently\ndiscovered in a sale-room by the late Abbe Macpherson, rector of the same\ncollege, who purchased it and sent it to Blairs, where it has been for,\nnow, a good many years. That it is a portrait of Beaton's time is certain;\nbut the artist is unknown, and the picture has sustained damage. It is\nattributed, by a competent judge, who has himself painted two careful\ncopies of it, to Titian, not only from its general style and handling, but\nfrom certain peculiarities of canvas, &c., on which latter circumstances,\nhowever, he does not lay much stress, taking them only as adminicles in\nproof. The portrait is a half-length, about 2 ft. 6 in. by 2 ft.: it is\nthat of a fresh-coloured, intellectual man, of forty-five or upwards; hazel\neyes; hair slightly reddish, or auburn, just becoming tinged with grey; a\nthin small beard; costume similar to that of Holbein's Cardinal Wolsey, in\nthe hall of Christchurch, Oxford. It bears this inscription, painted at the\nbottom of the portrait, and over the original finished painting, and\ntherefore of a subsequent date:\n\n    \"David Betonius, S.R.E., Card. Archiep. S. Andreae in Scotia, ab\n    Hostibus Fidei Barbare Trucidatus.\"\n\nBeaton was elected to the Cardinalate in Dec. 1538; did he visit Rome after\nthat? He was at all events in Paris. The Scotch College at Rome was a\nnatural habitat for a portrait of a Scottish churchman so famous as\nCardinal Beaton, and it would be strange indeed if they had not one of him\nwhere they affected a collecion of portraits of British prelates. I propose\nto have this portrait engraved, if its probable authenticity cannot be\nshaken. Did Pinkerton engrave any portrait of Beaton? There is none in my\ncopies of his _Iconographia Scotica_, 1797, and his _Scottish Gallery_,\n1799. These contain several duplicates; but it is rare to meet with copies\nthat can be warranted perfect. If the portrait be published, it will\nprobably be accompanied by a short memoir, correcting from authentic\ndocuments some of the statements of his biographers: any information either\nas to the portrait or his life will be thankfully acknowledged. One or two\nletters from Lord Buchan, on the subject of Scottish Portraits, appeared in\nthe _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. lxv., but not relating to this particular\none.\n\nSCOTUS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nON THE POINTING OF A PASSAGE IN \"ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL.\"\n\n    _Lafeu._ \"They say miracles are past: and we have our philosophical\n    persons, to make modern and familiar, things, supernatural and\n    causeless.\"--Act ii. Scene 3.\n\nSo the passage is pointed in Johnson and Steevens, that is, with a comma\nafter the word \"things;\" and the same pointing is used in the recent\neditions of Mr. Knight, Barry Cornwall, and Mr. Collier.\n\nIt occurred to me that this pointing gave a meaning quite out of harmony\nwith what directly follows, and also with the spirit in which Lafeu speaks.\nLet the comma be placed after \"familiar\", and the whole passage be read\nthus:\n\n    _Lafeu._ \"They say miracles are past; and we have our philosophical\n    persons to make modern and familiar, things supernatural and causeless.\n    Hence is it, that we make trifles of terrors; ensconcing ourselves into\n    seeming knowledge, when we should submit ourselves to an unknown fear.\"\n\nLafeu apparently is speaking somewhat sarcastically of those who say\nmiracles are past, and who endeavour to _explain away_ the wonderful into\nsomething common and well-known. Subsequently I found that Mr. Coleridge,\nin his _Literary Remains_ (vol. ii. p. 121.), had adduced the\nabove-mentioned passage, placing the comma after \"familiar.\" He does not,\nhowever, make any observation on the other pointing; but remarking, that\nShakspeare often uses \"modern\" for \"common,\" proceeds thus:\n\n    \"Shakspeare, inspired, as it might seem, with all knowledge, here uses\n    the word _causeless_ in its strict philosophical sense; cause being\n    truly predicable only of _phenomena_,--that is, things natural, and not\n    of _noumena_, or things supernatural.\"\n\nIt is, perhaps, rather curious, that although Mr. Collier, in his note on\nLafeu's speech, has quoted the above from Mr. Coleridge, the improved\npointing should have escaped that gentleman's notice.\n\nLooking into Theobald's _Shakspeare_, I find that he also had placed the\ncomma as Mr. Coleridge has. Mr. Theobald adds this note:\n\n    \"This, as it has hitherto been printed, is directly opposite to our\n    poet's and his speaker's meaning. As I have stopped it, the sense\n    quadrates with the context: and surely it is one unalterable property\n    of philosophy to make seeming strange and preternatural phenomena\n    familiar and reducible to cause and reason.\"\n\nDoes not Mr. Theobald, in his closing remark, turn what in Lafeu is really\nan ironical outburst on _would-be_ philosophers, into something like a\nserious common-place?\n\nA. ROFFE.\n\nQuery, In a work entitled _Philosophy of Shakspeare_, by W.H. Roukin,\nLafeu's speech is quoted, and one word changed; \"_and_ we have our\nphilosophical persons,\" &c., becomes \"_yet_ we have,\" &c. Is there any\nauthority for such a change?\n\nA.R.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_The bigger the Ring, the nearer the Wet._--On Sunday evening, the 20th\nOct., the moon had a {435} very fine ring round it, which apparently was\nbased near the horizon, and spread over a considerable area of the heavens.\nThis was noticed by myself and others as we returned home from church; and\nupon my mentioning it to my man-servant, who is a countryman, he said he\nhad been noticing it, and that it reminded him of the old saying, \"the\nbigger the ring, the nearer the wet.\" On the next day, however, it was fine\nand windy, and my faith began to be shaken as to the truth of the saying;\nbut the almost incessant rain of the four or five subsequent days fully\nproved its correctness.\n\nJ.A.\n\n_Power of prophesying before Death._--To the passages on this subject\nlately supplied by your correspondents (Vol. ii., pp. 116. 196.) may be\nadded the following from Tertullian, _De Anima_, c. 53. (vol. ii. col.\n741., ed. Migne, Paris, 1844):\n\n    \"Evenit saepe animam in ipso divortio potentius agitari, sollicitiore\n    obtutu, extraordinaria loquacitate, dum ex majori suggestu, jam in\n    libero constituta, per superfluum quod adhuc cunctatur in corpore\n    enuntiat quae videt, quae audit, quae incipit nosse.\"\n\nJ.C.R.\n\n_Change in the Appearance of the Dead._--A woman near Maidstone, who had\nhad much experience as a sick-nurse, told me some years ago that she had\nalways noticed in corpses a change to a more placid expression on the third\nday after death; and she supposed this to be connected with our Lord's\nresurrection. I omitted to ask her whether the belief were wholly the\nresult of her own observation, or whether it had been taught her by others,\nand were common among her neighbours.\n\nJ.C.R.\n\n_Strange Remedies._--I find some curious prescriptions in an old book\nentitled _The Pathway to Health,_ &c. (I will not trouble you with the full\ntitle), \"by Peter Levens, Master of Arts in Oxford, and Student in Physick\nand Chirurgery.\"... \"Printed for J.W., and are to bee sold by Charles Tym,\nat the Three Bibles on London Bridge, MDCLXIV.\" The first is a charm\n\n    _For all manner of falling evils._--Take the blood of his little finger\n    that is sick, and write these three verses following, and hang it about\n    his neck:\n\n  '_Jasper fert Mirrham, Thus Melchior Balthazar Aurum,_\n  _Haec quicum secum portat tria nomina regum,_\n  _Soleitur a morbo, Domini pietate, caduca.'_\n\nand it shall help the party so grieved.\"\n\n\"_For a man or woman that is in a consumption._--Take a brasse pot, and\nfill it with water, and set it on the fire, and put a great earthen pot\nwithin that pot, and then put in these parcels following:--Take a cock and\npull him alive, then flea off his skin, then beat him in pieces; take dates\na pound, and slit out the stones, and lay a layer of them in the bottom of\nthe pot, and then lay a piece of the cock, and upon that some more of the\ndates, and take succory, endive, and parsley roots, and so every layer one\nupon another, and put in fine gold and some pearl, and cover the pot as\nclose as may bee with coarse dow, and so let it distill a good while, and\nso reserve it for your use till such time as you have need thereof.\"\n\nI could select some exceedingly ludicrous prescriptions (for the book\ncontains 400 pages), but the most curious unfortunately happen to be the\nmost indelicate. Besides this, I am afraid the subject is scarcely worthy\nof much space in such an important and useful work as \"NOTES AND QUERIES.\"\n\nALEXANDER ANDREWS.\n\nAbridge, Essex.\n\n_Mice as a Medicine_ (Vol. i., p. 397.).--An old woman lately recommended\nan occasional roast mouse as a certain cure for a little boy who wetted his\nbed at night. Her own son, she said, had got over this weakness by eating\nthree roast mice. I am told that the Faculty employ this remedy, and that\nit has been prescribed in the Oxford Infirmary.\n\nJ.W.H.\n\n_Omens from Birds._--It is said that for a bird to fly into a room, and out\nagain, by an open window, surely indicates the decease of some inmate. Is\nthis belief local?\n\nJ.W.H.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMODE OF COMPUTING INTEREST.\n\nThe mode of computing interest among the ancient Greeks appears to have\nbeen in many respects the same as that now prevailing in India, which has\nprobably undergone no change from a very remote period. Precisely the same\nterm, too, is used to denote the rate of interest, namely, [Greek: tokos]\nin Greek and _taka_ or _tuka_ in the languages of Western India. [Greek:\nTokoe epidekatoi] in Greek, and _dus take_ in Hindostanee, respectively\ndenote _ten per cent_. At Athens, the rate of interest might be calculated\neither by the month or by the year--each being expressed by different terms\n(Boeckh. _Pub. Econ. of Athens_, i. 165.). Precisely the same system\nprevails here. _Pono taka_, that is, three quarters of a _taka_, denotes 3/4\nper cent. _per month_. _Nau take_, that is, nine _take_, denotes nine per\ncent. _per annum_. For the Greek mode of reckoning interest by the month,\nsee Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_, p. 524. At Athens,\nthe year, in calculating interest, was reckoned at 360 days (Boeckh, i.\n183.). Here also, in all native accounts-current, the year is reckoned at\n360 days.\n\nThe word [Greek: tokos], as applied to interest, was understood by the\nGreeks themselves to be derived from [Greek: tikto], \"to produce,\" _i.e._\nmoney begetting money; the offspring or produce of money lent out. Whether\nits identity may not be established with the word in current use for\nthousands of years in this country to express precisely the same meaning,\nis a question I should like to see discussed {436} by some of your\ncorrespondents. The word _taka_ signifies any thing _pressed_ or _stamped_,\nanything on which an impression is made hence _a coin_; and is derived from\nthe Sanscrit root _tak_, to press, to stamp, to coin: whence, _tank_, a\nsmall coin; and _tank-sala_, a mint; and (query) the English word _token_,\na piece of stamped metal given to communicants. Many of your readers will\nremember that it used to be a common practice in England for copper coins,\nrepresenting a half-penny, penny, &c., stamped with the name of the issuer,\nand denominated \"tokens,\" to be issued in large quantities by shopkeepers\nas a subsidiary currency, and received at their shop in payment of goods,\n&c. May not _ticket_, defined by Johnson, \"a _token_ of any right or debt\nupon the delivery of which admission is granted, or a claim acknowledged,\"\nand _tick_, score or trust, (to go on _tick_), proceed from the same root?\n\nJ.S.\n\nBombay.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nON THE CULTIVATION OF GEOMETRY IN LANCASHIRE.\n\nIf our Queries on this subject be productive of no other result than that\nof eliciting the able and judicious analysis subsequently given by MR.\nWILKINSON (Vol. ii., p. 57.), they will have been of no ordinary utility.\nThe silent early progress of any strong, moral, social, or intellectual\nphenomenon amongst a large mass of people, is always difficult to trace:\nfor it is not thought worthy of record at the time, and before it becomes\nso distinctly marked as to attract attention, even tradition has for the\nmost part died away. It then becomes a work of great difficulty, from the\nfew scattered indications in print (the books themselves being often so\nrare[1] that \"money will not purchase them\"), with perhaps here and there a\nstray letter, or a metamorphosed tradition, to offer even a probable\naccount of the circumstances. It requires not only an intimate knowledge of\nthe subject-matter which forms the groundwork of the inquiry, both in its\nantecedent and cotemporary states, and likewise in its most improved state\nat the present time; it also requires an analytical mind of no ordinary\npowers, to separate the necessary from the probable; and these again from\nthe irrelevant and merely collateral.\n\nMR. WILKINSON has shown himself to possess so many of the qualities\n_essential_ to the historian of mathematical science, that we trust he will\ncontinue his valuable researches in this direction still further.\n\nIt cannot be doubted that MR. WILKINSON has traced with singular acumen the\nmanner in which the _spirit_ of geometrical research was diffused amongst\nthe operative classes, and the class immediately above them--the exciseman\nand the country schoolmaster. Still it is not to be inferred, that even\nthese classes did not contain a considerable number of able geometers\nanterior to the period embraced in his discussion. The Mathematical Society\nof Spitalfields existed more than half a century before the Oldham Society\nwas formed. The sameness of pursuit, combined with the sameness of\nemployment, would rather lead us to infer that geometry was _transplanted_\nfrom Spitalfields to Manchester or Oldham. Simpson found his way from the\ncountry to London; and some other Simpson as great as Thomas (though less\nfavourably looked upon by fortune in furnishing stimulus and opportunity)\nmight have migrated from London to Oldham. Or, again, some Lancashire\nweaver might have adventured to London (a very common case with country\nartisans after the expiration of apprenticeship); and, there having\nacquired a taste for mathematics, as well as improvement in his mechanical\nskill, have returned into the country, and diffused the knowledge and the\ntastes he took home with him amongst his fellows. The very name betokens\nJeremiah Ainsworth to have been of a Lancashire family.\n\nBut was Ainsworth really the earliest mathematician of his district? Or,\nwas he merely the first that made any figure in print as a correspondent of\nthe mathematical periodicals of that day? This question is worthy of MR.\nWILKINSON's further inquiry; and probably some light may be thrown upon it\nby a careful examination of the _original_ Ladies' and Gentleman's Diaries\nof the period. In the reprints of these works, only the names, real or\nassumed, of those whose contributions were actually printed, are\ninserted--not the list of all correspondents.\n\nNow one would be led to suppose that the study of mathematics was\npeculiarly suited to the daily mode of life and occupation of these men.\nTheir employment was monotonous; their life sedentary; and their minds were\nleft perfectly free from any _contemplative_ purpose they might choose.\nAlgebraic investigation required writing: but the weaver's hands being\nengaged he could not write. A diagram, on the contrary, might lie before\nhim, and be carefully studied, whilst his hands and feet may be performing\ntheir functions with an accuracy almost instinctive. Nay more: an\nexceedingly complicated diagram which has grown up gradually as the result\nof investigations successively {437} made, may be carried in the memory and\nbecome the subject of successful peripatetic contemplation. On this point a\ndecided _experimental_ opinion is here expressed: but were further\ninstances asked for, they may be found in Stewart, Monge, and Chasles, all\nof whom possessed this power in an eminent degree. Indeed, without it, all\nattempts to study the geometry of space (even the very elements of\ndescriptive geometry, to say nothing of the more recondite investigations\nof the science) would be entirely unproductive. It is, moreover, a power\ncapable of being acquired by men of average intellect without extreme\ndifficulty; and that even to the extent of \"mentally seeing\" the\nconstituent parts of figures which have never been exhibited to the eye\neither by drawings or models.\n\nThat such men, if once imbued with a love for geometry, and having once got\nover the drudgery of elementary acquisition, should be favourably situated\nfor its cultivation, follows as a matter of course. The great difficulty\nlay in finding sufficient stimulus for their ambition, good models for\ntheir imitation, and adequate facilities for publishing the results at\nwhich they had arrived. The admirable history of the contents of their\nscanty libraries, given by MR. WILKINSON, leaves nothing more to be said on\nthat head; except, perhaps, that he attributes rather more to the\n_influences_ of Emerson's writings than I am able to do.[2] As regards\ntheir facilities for publication, these were few, the periods of\npublication being rarely shorter than annual; and amongst so many\ncompetitors, the space which could be allotted to each (even to \"the best\nmen\") was extremely limited. Yet, contracted as the means of publication\nwere, the spirit of emulation did something; from the belief that\n_insertion was an admitted test of superiority_, it was as much an object\nof ambition amongst these men to solve the \"prize question\" as it was by\nphilosophers of higher social standing to gain the \"prize\" conferred by the\n_Academie des Sciences_, or any other continental society under the wing of\nRoyalty, at the same period. The prize (half a dozen or a dozen copies of\nthe work itself) was not less an object of triumph, than a Copley or a\nRoyal medal is in our own time amongst the philosophers of the Royal\nSociety.\n\nThese men, from similarity of employment and inevitable contiguity of\nposition, were brought into intercourse almost of necessity, and the\nformation of a little society (such as the \"Oldham\") the natural\nresult--the older and more experienced men taking the lead in it. At the\nsame time, there can be little doubt that the Spitalfields Society was the\npattern after which it was formed; and there can be as little doubt that\none or more of its founders had resided in London, and \"wrought\" in the\nmetropolitan workshops. Could the records of the \"Mathematical Society of\nLondon\" (now in the archives of the Royal Astronomical Society) be\ncarefully examined, some light might be thrown upon this question. A list\nof members attending every weekly meeting, as well as of visitors, was\nalways kept; and these lists (I have been informed) have been carefully\npreserved. No doubt any one interested in the question would, upon\napplication to the secretary (Professor De Morgan), obtain ready access to\nthese documents.\n\nThe preceding remarks will, in some degree, furnish the elements of an\nanswer to the inquiry, \"_Why_ did geometrical speculation take so much\ndeeper root amongst the Lancashire weavers, than amongst any other classes\nof artisans?\" The subject was better adapted to the weaver's mechanical\nlife than any other that could be named; for even the other favourite\nsubjects, botany and entomology, required the suspension of their proper\nemployment at the loom. The formation of the Oldham Society was calculated\nto keep alive the aspiration for distinction, as well as to introduce\nnovices into the arcanium of geometry. There was generous co-operation, and\nthere was keen competition,--the sure stimulants to eminent success. The\nunadulterated love of any intellectual pursuit, apart from the love of fame\nor the hope of emolument, is a rare quality in all stages of society. Few\nmen, however, seem to have realised Basil Montagu's idea of being governed\nby \"a love of _excellence_ rather than the pride of _excelling_,\" so\nclosely as the Lancashire geometers of that period--uncultivated as was the\nage in which they lived, rude as was the society in which their lives were\npassed, and selfish as the brutal treatment received in those days by\nmechanics from their employers, was calculated to render them. They were\nsurrounded, enveloped, by the worst social and moral influences; yet, so\nfar as can now be gathered from isolated remarks in the periodicals of the\ntime, they may be held up as a pattern worthy of the imitation of the\nphilosophers of our own time in respect to the generosity and strict honour\nwhich marked their intercourse with one another.\n\nMathematicians seldom grow up solitarily in any locality. When _one_\narises, the absence of all external and social incentives to the study can\nonly betoken an inherent propensity and constitutional fitness for it. Such\na man is too much in earnest to keep his knowledge to himself, or to wish\nto stand alone. He makes disciples,--he aids, encourages, guides them. His\nown researches are fully communicated; and this with a prodigality\nproportioned to his own great resources. He feels no jealousy of\ncompetition, and is always gratified by seeing others successful. Thus such\nbodies of men are created in wonderfully short periods by the magnanimous\nlabours of one ardent {438} spirit. These are the men that found societies,\nschools, sects; wherever one unselfish and earnest man settles down, there\nwe invariably find a cluster of students of his subject, that often lasts\nfor ages. Take, for instance, Leeds. There we see that John Ryley created,\nat a later period, the Yorkshire school of geometers; comprising amongst\nits members such men as Swale, Whitley, Ryley (\"Sam\"), Gawthorp, Settle,\nand John Baines. This, too, was in a district in many respects very\nanalogous to Lancashire, but especially in the one to which the argument\nmore immediately relates:--it was a district of weavers, only substituting\nwool for cotton, as cotton had in the other case been substituted for the\nsilk of Spitalfields.\n\nWe see nothing like this in the agricultural districts; neither do we in\nthose districts where the ordinary manufacturing operations themselves\nrequire the employment of the head as well as the hands and feet. With the\nexception, indeed, of the schoolmaster, and the exciseman, and the\nsurveyor, there are comparatively few instances of persons whose employment\nwas not strictly sedentary having devoted their intellectual energies to\nmathematics, independent of early cultivation. To them the subject was more\nor less professional, and their devotion to it was to be expected--indeed\nfar more than has been realised. It is professional now to a larger and\nmore varied class of men, and of course there is a stronger body of\nnon-academic mathematicians now than at any former period. At the same time\nit may be doubted whether there be even as many really able men devoted to\nscience purely and for its own sake in this country as there were a century\nago, when science wore a more humble guise.\n\nCombining what is here said with the masterly analysis which MR. WILKINSON\nhas given of the books which were accessible to these men, it appears that\nwe shall be able to form a correct view on the subject of the Lancashire\ngeometers. Of course documentary evidence would be desirable--it would\ncertainly be interesting too.\n\nTo such of your readers as have not seen the mathematical periodicals of\nthat period, the materials for which were furnished by these men, it may be\nsufficient to state that the \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" is conceived in the exact\nspirit of those works. The chief difference, besides the usual\nsubject-matter, consists in the greater formality and \"stiffness\" of those\nthan of this; arising, however, of necessity out of the specific and rigid\ncharacter of mathematical research in itself, and the more limited range of\nsubjects that were open to discussion.\n\nThe one great defect of the researches of those men was, that they were\nconducted in a manner so desultory, and that the subjects themselves were\noften so isolated, that there can seldom be made out more than a few\ndislocated fragments of any one subject of inquiry whatever. Special\ninquiries are prosecuted with great vigour and acumen; but we look in vain\nfor system, classification, or general principles. This, however, is not to\nbe charged to _them_ as a scientific vice, peculiarly:--for, in truth, it\nmust be confessed to be a vice, not only too common, but almost universal\namongst English geometers; and even in the geometry of the Greeks\nthemselves, the great object appears to have been \"problem-solving\" rather\nthan the deduction and arrangement of scientific truths. The modern French\ngeometers have, however, broken this spell; and it is not too much too hope\nthat we shall not be long ere we join them in the development of the\nsystems they have already opened; and, moreover, add to the list some\nindependent topics of our own. The chief dangers to which we are in this\ncase exposed are, classification with incomplete data, and drawing\ninferences upon trust. It cannot be denied, at all events, that some of our\nFrench cotemporaries have fallen into both these errors; but the abuse of a\nprinciple is no argument for our not using it, though its existence (or\neven possible existence) should be a strong incentive to caution.\n\nThese remarks have taken a more general form than it is usual to give in\nyour pages. As, however, it is probable that many of your readers may feel\nan interest in a general statement of a very curious intellectual\nphenomenon, I am not without a hope that, though so far removed from the\nusual topics discussed in the work, they will not be altogether\nunacceptable or useless.\n\nPEN-AND-INK.\n\n[Footnote 1: Although at one period of our life we took great pains to make\na collection of the _periodicals_ which, during the last century, were\ndevoted wholly or partially to mathematics, yet we could never even\napproximate towards completeness. It was not, certainly, from niggardly\nexpenditure. Indeed, it is doubtful whether a complete set exists, or could\neven be formed now.]\n\n[Footnote 2: See _Philosophical Magazine_, Sept. 1850.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMINOR NOTES.\n\n_Sermon's Pills._--In Guizot's _Life of Monk, Duke of Albermarle_,\ntranslated and edited by the present Lord Wharncliffe, it is stated (p.\n313.) that when the Duke was suffering from the diseases which afterwards\nproved fatal to him,\n\n    \"One of his neighbours, at New Hall, formerly an officer in his army,\n    mentioned to him certain pills said to be sovereign against the dropsy,\n    which were sold at Bristol by one Sermon, who had also served under his\n    orders in Scotland as a private soldier. This advice and remedy from\n    ancient comrades, inspired the old general with more confidence than\n    the skill of the physicians. He sent for Sermon's pills, and found\n    himself so much recovered by them for a time, that he returned to\n    London at the close of the summer.\"\n\nHaving \"found,\" in the newspapers of the day, the following paragraphs\nillustrative of this passage in the great General's history, I think them\nsufficiently interesting \"to make a Note of.\"\n\n    \"London, July 13. 1669.--His Grace the Lord General, after a long and\n    dangerous distemper, is (God {439} be praised) perfectly recovered and\n    restored to his former health, to the Great rejoycing of their\n    Majesties and the whole court, by the assistance of one William Sermon,\n    of Bristol, whose pills have had that excellent success as to restore\n    him perfectly to his sleep and appetite, and wholly abate all the\n    symptoms of his disease. Yesterday his Grace, as being perfectly cured,\n    dismissed his physicians from their farther attendance.\"\n\n    \"London, July 17. 1669.--The 13th instant, Mr. William Sermon, the\n    practitioner in physick, who so happily performed that excellent cure\n    upon his Grace the Duke of Albermarle, was presented to His Majesty in\n    St. James's Park, where he had the honor to kiss His Majesty's hand,\n    and to receive his thanks for that good service.\"\n\n    September 9. 1669.--\"Advertisement: These are to give notice that\n    William Sermon, Dr. of Physick, a person so eminently famous for his\n    cure of his Grace the Duke of Albermarle, is removed from Bristol to\n    London, and may be spoken with every day, especially in the forenoon,\n    at his house in West Harding Street, in Goldsmith's Rents, near Three\n    Legged Alley, between Fetter Lane and Shooe Lane.\"\n\nCan any of your correspondents give an account of the subsequent career of\nDr. Sermon?\n\n[Greek: D]\n\n_An Infant Prodigy_ (Vol. ii., p. 101.).--There are parallel cases in the\nhagioloists (_Hist. de l'Eglise Gallicane_, par Longueval, tom. iii. p.\n430. 1782):\n\n\"S. Amand apres cette mission etant repasse dans la Gaule, eut bientot\noccasion de montrer l'intrepidite de son zele ... L'amour des femmes,\necueil fatal des jeunes princes, fit en peu de temps oublier a Dagobert les\nlecons qu'il avoit recues de S. Arnoux et de S. Cunibert. Il se livra a\ncette passion avec tant de scandale, qu'il eut jusqu'a trois femmes a la\nfois qui portoient le nom de reines, sans parler d'un grand nombre de\nconcubines ...\n\n\"Amand, apres un assez long exil, 'refusa d'abord l'honneur de baptiser'\nl'enfant de son maitre: 'mais les instances que le roi lui fit faire par\nOuen et Eloi firent ceder sa modestie a l'obeissance. L'enfant fut aussitot\napporte le saint eveque l'ayant pris entre ses bras, lui donna sa\nbenediction, et recita les prieres pour le faire catechumene. L'oraison\netant finie, comme personne ne repondoit, Dieu delia la langue du jeune\nprince, qui n'avoit pas plus de quarante jours, et il repondit\ndistinctement _amen_.'\"\n\nThis happened in 630 at Orleans, and the holy abbot who attests the miracle\nwas present when it occurred. Had St. Amand learnt ventriloquism during his\nmissionary excursions?\n\nAnd now permit me to tell your correspondent CH. that Abp. Bramhall's Dutch\nis quite correct. \"Mevrouw\" is still the title of empresses, queens\nduchesses, Countesses, noble ladies, ministers of state's and other great\nmen's wives.\n\nG.M.\n\nGuernsey.\n\n_A Hint for Publishers._--Many, like myself, have no doubt experienced the\ninconvenience of possessing early impressions of books, of which later\neditions exist with numerous emendations and errata.\n\nWould it not be practicable for publishers to issue these emendations and\nerrata in a separate form and at a fair price, for the benefit of the\npurchasers of the preceding editions?\n\nWere this plan generally adopted, the value of most books would be\nmaterially enhanced, and people would not object, as they now do, to order\nnew publications.\n\nHERBERT.\n\n\"_He who runs may read._\"--There appeared in Vol. ii., p. 374., a new, and,\nin my opinion, an erroneous, interpretation of part of ver. 2., chap. ii.\nHabakkuk. It appears to me probable that a person reading the vision might\nbe struck with awe, and so \"alarmed by it\" as not to be able \"to fly from\nthe impending calamity\" in the way which your correspondent imagines. I\nprefer Archbishop Newcome's explanation:--\"Let the characters be so legible\nthat one who hastily passeth on may read them. This may have been a\nproverbial expression.\"\n\nIf you be pleased to insert this, readers may judge for themselves which is\nthe right interpretation.\n\nPLAIN SENSE.\n\n_The Rolliad._--The following memoranda relative to this word were given to\nme by one who lived during the period of its publication, and was, it is\nbelieved, himself a contributor. Wraxall, in his _Memoirs_, states that the\nwork was nearly all written by Richardson; this is not true. The principal\nwriters were Gen. Fitzpatrick, Lord John Townshend, Dr. Lawrence--he had\nthe chief control. They met in a room at Becket's, the bookseller; they had\na secretary and copyist.\n\nNone of the contributions went to the newspaper in the original\nhandwriting. The _Morning Herald_ was the paper it is believed, in which\nthey first appeared, although that journal was on the eve of going over to\nthe opposite party. The \"ode\" to Wraxall, was written by Tickell, author of\n\"Anticipation.\".\n\nW.A.\n\nNovember, 23. 1850.\n\n_The Rolliad._--\n\nFrom _The Times_, about 1784.\n\n      ROLLIAD.\n\n  _Political Eclogues._\n\n      ROSE.\n\n    Line 21. ed. 1795.\n\n  \"Mr. Rose, Mr. Rose,\n  How can you suppose\n  I'll be led by the nose,\n  In voting for those\n  You mean to propose,\n  Mr. Rose, Mr. Rose?\"\n\nThe above epigram is inserted in my copy of the Rolliad.\n\nCan any of your readers give the names of the {440} authors of the numerous\npieces in the second part of \"Political Miscellanies.\"\n\nF.B.R.\n\n_The Conquest._--Permit me to point out the erroneous historical idea which\nobtains in the use of this phrase. Acquisition out of the common course of\ninheritance is by our legists called _perquisitio_, by the feudists\n_conquisitio_, and the first purchaser (he who brought the estate into the\ncurrent family) the _conquereur_. The charters and chronicles of the age\nthus rightly style William the Norman _conquisitor_, and his accession\n_conquaestus_; but now, from disuse of the foedal sense, with the notion of\nthe forcible method of acquisition, we annex the idea of victory to\nconquisition,--a title to which William never pretended.\n\nW.L.\n\nTwickenham.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQUERIES.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.\n\n(_Continued from page 421._)\n\n(18.) What could have induced the accurate and learned Saxius (_Catal. Lib.\nMediol., edit._ p. DXC.) to give the name _Elucidarium_ to the first part\nof the _Mariale_ of Bernardinus de Bustis? This writer, who has sometimes\nerroneously been reputed a Dominican, and who is commemorated in the\nFranciscan Martyrology on the 8th of May (p. 178.), derived his\ndenomination from his family, and not \"from a place in the country of\nMilan,\" as Mr. Tyler has supposed. (_Worship of the Virgin_, p. 41. Lond.\n1846.) Elsewhere Saxius had said (_Hist. Typog.-Liter. Mediol._, col.\nccclii.) that the _Mariale_ was printed for the first time in 1493, and\ndedicated to Pope Alexander VI.; and Argelati was led by him to consider\nthe _Elucidarium_ to be a distinct performance; and he speaks of the\n_Mariale_ as having been published in 1494. (_Biblioth. Scriptor. Med._,\ntom. i. p. ii. 245.) Unquestionably the real title assigned by the author\nto the first part of his _Sermonarium_ or _Mariale_ was \"PERPETUUM\nSILENTIUM,\" and it was inscribed to Alexander's predecessor, Pope Innocent\nVIII.; and, in conjunction with De Bustis's Office of the Immaculate\nConception of the Virgin Mary (sanctioned by a Brief of Pope Sixtus IV.,\nwho in 1476 had issued the earliest pontifical decree in favour of an\ninnovation now predominant in the Church of Rome), was primarily printed\n\"Mli,\" that is, _Mediolani_, \"per Uldericum scinzenzeler, Anno dni\nM.cccc.lxxxxij\" (1492). Wharton, Olearius, Clement, and Maittaire knew\nnothing of this edition; and it must take precedence of that of Strasburg\nnamed by Panzer (i. 47.).\n\n(19.) Can any particulars be easily ascertained relative to reprints of the\nacts of the canonisation of the Seraphic Doctor in their original small\nquarto shape?\n\n(20.) To whom should we attribute the rare tract entitled _Lauacrum\nconscientie omnium sacerdotum_, which consists of fifty-eight leaves, and\nwas printed in Gothic letter at Cologne, \"Anno post Jubileum quarto?\"\n\n(21.) Where can information be met with as to the authorship of the\n_Dialogus super Libertate Ecclesiastica_, between Hugo, Cato, and Oliver?\nFischer (_Essai sur Gutenberg_, 79.) traces back the first edition to the\nyear 1463; but I know the treatise only in the form in which it was\nrepublished at Oppenheim in 1516.\n\n(22.) Who was the compiler or curator of the _Viola Sanctorum_? and can the\nslightest attempt be made at verifying the signatures and numbers inserted\nin the margin, and apparently relating to the MSS. from which the work was\ntaken? One of two copies before me was printed at Nuremberg in 1486, but\nthe other I believe to belong to the earliest impression. It is of small\nfolio size, in very Gothic type, perhaps of the year 1472, without date,\nplace, or name of printer, and is destitute of cyphers, catchwords, and\nsignatures. There are ninety-two leaves in the volume, and in each page\ngenerally thirty-three (sometimes thirty-four, rarely thirty-five) lines.\n(See Brunet, iii. 547.; Kloss, 280.; Panzer, i. 193.)\n\n(23.) By what means can intelligence be procured respecting \"Doctor\nUlricus,\" the author of _Fraternitas Cleri_? A satisfactory reply to this\ninquiry might probably be found in the _Bibl. Spenceriana_; but I have not\nnow an opportunity of determining this point.\n\n(24.) A question has been raised by Dr Maitland, from whose admirable\ncriticism nothing connected with literature is likely to escape, as to the\nmeaning of the letters \"P.V.\" placed over a sudarium held by St. Peter and\nSt. Paul. (_Early printed Books in the Lambeth Library_, pp. 115. 368.) Any\nperson who has happened to obtain the _Vitas Patrum_, decorated with the\ncurious little woodcuts of which Dr. Maitland has carefully represented\ntwo, will cheerfully agree with him in maintaining the excellence of the\nacquisition. In a copy of this work bearing date 1520, eleven years later\nthan the Lambeth volume (_List_, p. 85.), the reverse of the leaf which\ncontains the colophon exhibits the same sudarium, in company with the words\n\"Salve sancta Facies.\" This circumstance inclines me to venture to ask\nwhether my much-valued friend will concur with me in the conjecture that\n_Pictura Veronicae_ may be the interpretation of \"P.V.?\" Though the\npseudo-Archbishop of Westminster declared, in the simplicity of his heart\n(_Letters to John Poynder, Esq._, p. 6.), that he had \"never met\" with the\nsequence \"quae dicitur in Missa Votiva _de Vultu Sancto_,\" doubtless some of\nhis newly-arrested subjects are {441} well aware that it exists, and that\nits commencement (see Bona, iii. 144.) is,--\n\n  \"Salve sancta Facies nostri Redemptoris,\n  In qua nitet species divini splendoris,\n  Impressa panniculo nivei candoris,\n  Dataque Veronicae signum ob amoris.\"\n\nR.G.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMINOR QUERIES.\n\n_Dr. Timothy Thruscross._--What is known of the Rev. Dr. Timothy\nThruscross, Thirscross, or Thurscross? I am in possession of the very\nlittle related by Wood, _Ath. Oxon. et Fasti_, Walker's _Sufferings of the\nClergy_, _Life of Barwich_, and the interesting notices scattered in\nseveral parts of Sir H. Slingsby's _Diary_; but this only renders me\nanxious for more, and I should be glad to receive other references.\n\nW. DN.\n\n_Echo Song._--_Meaning of Thwaites._--Would you be kind enough to insert\nthe inclosed poem as I am very desirous of being made acquainted with the\nname of the writer. I expect, from various reasons, that it was written\nabout the year 1645:--\n\n          AN ECHO.\n\n  \"What wantst thou, that thou art in this sad taking?\n          _A King._\n  What made him first remove hence his residing?\n          _Siding._\n  Did any here deny him satisfaction?\n          _Faction._\n  Tell me wherein the strength of faction lies?\n          _On Lies._\n  What didst though when the king left his parliament?\n          _Lament._\n  What terms wouldst give to gain his company?\n          _Any._\n  What wouldst thou do if here thou mightst behold him?\n          _Hold him._\n  But wouldst thou save him with they best endeavour?\n          _Ever._\n  But if he come not, what become of London?\n          _Undone._\"\n\nI also wish to know (if any of your readers will enlighten me I shall be\nobliged) what is the meaning of the name \"Thwaites.\" It is a very common\nname, there being Thwaites, Thornthwaites, Hawthornthwaites,\nHaythornthwaites, in abundance through all part of England.\n\nLLYD RHYS MORGAN.\n\n_Deus Justificatus._--Can any of your readers give any information\nrespecting the authorship of the book entitled:--\n\n    \"Deus Justificatus, or the Divine Goodness vindicated and cleared,\n    against the Assertors of Absolute and Inconditionate Reprobation.\n    Together with some Refections on a late Discourse of Mr. Parkers\n    concerning the Divine Dominion and Goodness. London, 1668.\" 8vo. pp.\n    xxxii. 280. iii.?\n\nMy copy (which has the autograph of Richard Claridge, the quaker) has\nwritten on the title in an old hand \"By H. Hallywell.\" In the _Biographia\nBritannica_ vol. iv., p. 546., 2d edit., it is said to be by Ralph\nCudworth. If so, it has escaped Birch and the other editors of this\ncelebrated writer.\n\nJOHN J. DREDGE.\n\n_Death by Burning_ (Vol. ii., p. 6.).--In the Mendip mining district in\nSomersetshire, I am credibly informed that within seventy years a person\nhas been burned alive for stealing ore from the pit mouth. There must be\nsome old inhabitant who can attest this fact, and it would be desirable to\nobtain its confirmation.\n\nJ.W.H.\n\n_Irish Bull._--What is the exact definition of an Irish bull? When was the\nterm first applied to the species of blunder which goes by that name?\n\nGRIFFIN.\n\n_Farquharson's Observations on Aurorae._--A translation of the _Course of\nMeteorology_, by Professor Kaenitz, of Halle, by Mr. C.V. Walker, was\npublished at London in 1845, in one volume 12mo. The work was written in\nGerman, and afterwards translated into French, and the English work is\nderived from the French translation. In p. 459. the following passage\noccurs:\n\n    \"It is chiefly to the _shepherd_ Farquharson, at Alford, in\n    Aberdeenshire, that we are indebted for a long series of observations\n    on aurorae; and he endeavoured to prove that their height is\n    inconsiderable.\"\n\nLower down it is said:\n\n    \"At the same time, _another Protestant minister_, Mr. James Paull, at\n    Tullynessle, four kilometres from Alford, saw that the aurora possessed\n    an unusual clearness in the zenith, so that its height did not perhaps\n    exeed 1300 metres.\"\n\nI have neither the original German work nor the French translation at hand\nto refer to; but I have a strong suspicion that the word translated\n_shepherd_ is _pasteur_, and that it is used to designate Mr. Farquharson\nas _minister_ of Alford.\n\nL.\n\n_Smith's Vitae Eruditissimorum et Illustrium Virorum._--In his _Life of Sir\nPeter Young_ he quotes _Ex Ephemeride Cl. V.D. Petri Junii_, but does not\nsay where it was preserved. This (so-called) _Ephemeris_ was written by Sir\nPeter in his later years, partly perhaps from memory, partly from notes,\nand, as might be expected, is not free from errors of date which admit of\ncorrection from other sources. Smith, following Camden, places Easter\nSeatown, Young's chief residence, in Lothian, whereas it is in Forfarshire,\nabout a mile from Arbroath, and was part of the property of the great Abbey\nto which that town belonged. Is it known whether this _Ephemeris_ is\nextant? and, if so, where?\n\nSCOTUS.\n\n{442}\n\n_Defender of the Faith._--In Banks' _Dormant and Extinct Baronage_, pp.\n408-9., vol. iv., I find the following:--\n\n    \"He ( Henry VIII.) was the first English monarch who obtained the title\n    of Defender of the Faith, which was conferred upon him by Pope Leo X.,\n    for a book written by him against Martin Luther.\"\n\nTo which the following note is subjoined:--\n\n    \"But in a letter from Christopher Wren, Esq., to Francis Peek, M.A.\n    (author of the _Desiderata Curiosa_), it is thus stated, viz., 'that\n    King Henry VII. had the title of Defender of the Faith, appears by the\n    Register of the Order of the Garter in the black book, (sic dictum a\n    tegmine), now in my hands, by office, which having been shown to King\n    Charles I., he received with much joy; nothing more pleasing him than\n    that the right of that title was fixed in the crown long before the\n    Pope's pretended donation, to all which I make protestation to all\n    posterity.' [Greek: Autographo], hoc meo. Ita testor. Chr. Wren, a\n    memoria, et secretis Honoratissimi Ordinis. Wrexham, 4 March, 1736-7.\"\n\nIn support of this note, I find in Chamberlayne's _Present State of\nEngland_, 1669, p. 88., this statement:\n\n    \"Defender of the Faith was anciently used by the Kings of England, as\n    appears by several charters granted to the University of Oxford, &c.\"\n\nAs the word _anciently_, I conceive, applies to a period anterior to 1521,\nmay I express a hope that some of your learned subscribers at Oxford will\nfavour your readers with the dates of the charters alluded to; and, if\npossible, some information as to the circumstances which led to the\nadoption of the title \"Defender of the Faith\" by the kings of England\nprevious to the reign of Henry VIII.\n\nROBERT ANSTRUTHER, Lieut.-Col.\n\nBayswater.\n\n_Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Romish Churches._--Where can I find good\nauthority on the calendar of Sundays in the Greek Church, and in the Roman?\nAs to the latter, the missals and directories only give the current year:\nas to the former, there is no work I know of which gives anything.\n\nM.\n\n_Dandridge the Painter._--At Osterley Park (Lord Jersey's) is the only\nexample of the pencil of Dandridge, bearing his signature and the date\n1741.\n\nThrough neglect and the effect of time this able work has been dried up, so\nthat we may say--\n\n  \"The wine of life is drawn, and nothing\n  Left but the mere lees:\"\n\nbut there's savour of merit and signs of goodly craft for the dark age of\nits birth. In the group of three children of life-size we have a rare work\nof the period when few men of genius wielded the brush or daubed canvas,\neven through the inspiring patronage of a wealthy banker, whose progeny\nthey are--and this is executed too before academies and societies offered\ntheir fostering aid, and when Hogarth struggled on probably side by side\nwith Dandridge. Some of your readers may have traces of him and of his\nworks, and may be able to trace his memory to the grave. All that Walpole\nhas of him is (p. 439.):\n\n    \"Son of a house painter; had great business from his felicity in taking\n    a likeness. He sometimes painted small conversations, but died in the\n    vigour of his age.\"\n\nQUESTOR.\n\nAthenaeum, Nov. 20. 1850.\n\n_Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve._--Is the _portrait_ of Chaucer which\nOccleve _drew_ in his translation of _Egidius de Roma_ to be found in _all_\nthe MSS. of that work? and, if so, has it ever been engraved. I have not\nUrry's _Chaucer_ by me, or perhaps he could save you the trouble of\nanswering the question.\n\nOn reference to Watts, I find he does not even mention this work of\nOccleve, but contents himself with a piece of supercilious criticism;\nwhereas the notices which Occleve takes of passing events (of which the\ncharacter of Chaucer is one) are at least valuable (although his poetry may\nnot be the best in the world), and his work is also valuable in giving us\nthe phraseology of the fourteenth century.\n\nP.\n\n_John o'Groat's House._--Does any authenticated view of the building called\n_John o'Groat's House_ in Caithness exist, and are any traditions\nrespecting it known beyond the certainly ridiculous account in the fifth\nvolume of _Beauties of Scotland_, p.83.?\n\nCan any of your readers point out an engraving of the old _Konigs_ or\n_Kaiserstuhl, at Rheuse_, on the Rhine, as well as of its restoration in\n1848, after being destroyed by the hordes of revolutionary France, in 1792?\nIt is not in Merian or Zeiler. I have seen it, but cannot call to mind the\nauthor. Perhaps _Alsatia Illustrata_?\n\nWILLIAM BELL, Phil. Dr.\n\n_Dancing the Bride to Bed_--_Old Hewson the Cobler._--I have a tune called\n\"_A round dance to dance the bride to bed_.\" Can any of your readers favour\nme with notices of such a custom prevailing? The tune dates about 1630 or\nearlier, and resembles that of \"The Hunt is up.\"\n\nAnother, printed about 1730, is called, \"_My name is Old Hewson the\nCobler_.\" Is this a cavelier's song in ridicule of the Roundhead Colonel\nHewson; and are the words to be found?\n\nWM. CHAPPELL.\n\n    [We trust these Queries may be regarded as a sign that Mr. Chappell is\n    preparing a new edition of his valuable collection of _National English\n    Airs_.--ED.]\n\n_Duke and Earl of Albemarle._--Albemarle has given a title of duke to the\ncelebrated General Monk, and that of earl to the family of Keppel. Will\nsome of your correspondents tell me where {443} there is any place called\nAlbemarle, which gives rise to these dignities, or why this title was\nassumed by these families?\n\nJ.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPLIES.\n\nJULIN, THE DROWNED CITY.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 282.)\n\nIt does not at all follow, that if a city perished by the encroachment of\nthe sea, it was a very striking event at the time: it might have happened\ngradually, not suddenly. Instances both ways seem to have occurred on the\nshores of the German Ocean (see Lyell's _Principles of Geology_, ch. 16.).\nA great flood happened in 1154 (Helmold, p. 216. b. ii. c. 1. s. 5.), but\nit is mentioned with respect to the oceanic rivers only, and not as to the\nBaltic, or destruction of houses or buildings.\n\nBut was Julin drowned at all? Helmold does not say that it was (his account\nis in Book i. c. 2. s. 5.); and he does say that it was not, but destroyed\nby a certain Danish king. It is most inconceivable that he should not have\nknown who the Danish king was, if it happened in his own time. The passage\nsavours of much later interpolation.\n\nKoch, _Rivol._ vol. i. p. 280., states positively that Julin was Wollin,\nand was destroyed by Waldemar I. in 1175, for which he seems to rely upon\nHelmold, or at least his continuator, Arnold. Helmold himself died in 1170.\n\nSaxo Grammaticus lived at that time, and was probably well acquainted with\nthe events, since he was intimate with Archbishop Absolon, who took part in\nthem in a military as well as ecclesiastical sense. In p. 333. he says:\n\n    \"Waldemar the 1st, goes with a fleet through the month of the river\n    Zwina, then to the river which adjoins Julin and Camin, and has its\n    mouth divided into two. There was a long bridge joining the walls of\n    Julin. The king having landed 'ex adverso urbis in ripa Australi,\n    pontem disjici jussit.' The king cleared the way for his fleet; got to\n    an island Chrisztoa; crossed the river and went to Camin. He went out\n    to sea by that mouth.\"\n\nThis is given very much at length.\n\nAll this is the geography of the present day, and the names, if you read\nWollin for Julin. The Oder expands into a wide lake, shut off from the sea\nby a bar of land, through which there are three channels. The Zwein is the\nmiddle one of the three; that which passes by Wollin and Kimmin is the\neastern one.\n\nIn p. 347. he says:\n\n    \"Rex ... classem ... Zuinsibus ostiis inserit, Julinique vacuas\n    defensoribus aedes, incendio adortus, rehabitatae urbis novitatem,\n    iterata penatium strage, consumpsit.... Juilinenses, cum urbis uae\n    recenses ruinas, ferendae obsidioni, inhabiles cernerent, perinde ac\n    viribus orbati, deserta patria, praesidium Caminense petiverunt, aliena\n    amplexi moenia, qui propria tueri diffiderent.\"\n\nIn p. 359. he says: The king \"per Suinam invectus, Julinum oppidum,\nincolarum fuga desertam, incendio tentat.\"\n\nSaxo mentions Julin, p. 182-24.: \"Nobilissimum illius provinciae oppidum,\"\nunder Harold Blatand, King of Denmark, who reigned in the latter half of\nthe ninth century. He put a body of troops into it, who became dreadful\npirates.\n\nIn p. 225. he says that the Danes compelled them to give up their pirates,\nwho were punished. In p. 381., in the reign of Canute, son of Waldemar,\nthere is an expedition against the Julinenses, the result of which is\nexpressed \"Julinensium rebus absumptis.\"\n\nIn p. 382., the king sets out for Julin, but seems to have attacked only\nCamin. Waldemar died in 1182, Canute, 1202 (Koch.)\n\nArnold (b. iii. c. 8. s. 4.) speaks of the Sclavi as finally subdued and\nmade tributary, about 1185.\n\nIn the notes to Saxo (p. 197.) there is a long extract about Wollinum, from\nChytraeus, a writer who lived 1530-1600, taken from the information of a\nlearned old man whose uncle was born there. He says he went there to see,\naccompanied by many of the principal inhabitants, the remains of Julin,\ndestroyed in 1170 by Waldemar. Wollin he calls \"mediocris civitas.\" From\nthe ruins, it had been more than a German mile round. Part of it was\n\"ineditiore paulum colle.\" He speaks of four montes, which had castles. He\nsays Wollin is \"non aspernenda civitas,\" but not a thirtieth part of the\nancient size.\n\nC.B.\n\nI regret that my questioner V., from Belgravia (Vol. ii., p. 379.), should\nhave felt aggrieved that, upon his request for my story, I should have been\ncompelled to reply, in the words of the Ancient Mariner:\n\n  \"Story! bless you, sir, I have none to tell.\"\n\nAs he seems, however, so assured that some account of the destruction of a\ncity of such opulence and renown as Vineta _must_ exist, I shall be\nextremely happy to learn it from him. I can assure my friend V. that\nneither Kanzow nor Microelius (who has, however, a plan of the stone\npavement of its streets at the bottom of the Baltic), nor Giesebrecht, in\nhis _Wendische Geschichten_ (Berlin, 1844, 3 vols. 8 vo.), know anything\nbeyond what I have stated. And as to a great port disappearing in the\nocean, without any cotemporary notice, the instances are frequent; as\nremarkable a one as any occurs in our own island, and at a much later\nperiod:--Ravenspur, which was a sea-port of the greatest importance, where\ncertainly Henry IV., and, as some say, Henry VII., landed from the opposite\ncontinent, to claim and conquer their crowns, and where the father of De la\nPole, {444} Duke of Suffolk, was a merchant, is now so totally lost from\nmemory and the earth, that its very site is unknown, whether within the\nHumber, or outside the Spurn; possibly where now the reef called Stony\nBinks at the mouth of that aestuary is situated.\n\nSo far, however, as an actual legend is concerned with the destruction of a\ngreat emporium of commerce, I am happy I can supply your correspondent with\none, possibly the more acceptable as it is of another famous city, not very\nremote from Vineta, and is not without relations belonging to the latter: I\nallude to the town of Wisby, Visbuy, Visbye, Visburgum, on the island of\nGothland, of which the following account is found in an old Latin\ndescription of Sweden:\n\n    \"Insulae unica civitas, olim potentia splendore et magnitudine celebris,\n    tantarum rerum jactura fracta in exiguos fines se contraxit et oppiduli\n    speciem refert, ut Jansonii Atlas docet. Arx prope portum satis valida.\n    Emporiis illis Pomeraniae clarissimis Wineta et Julin pessum euntibus,\n    Visbya inter omnia Regionum oppida floruit. (Olaus Magnus, l. 10. cap.\n    16.) Licet urbs vetustissima Visbycensis potentissima ac opulentissima\n    quondam fuerit _et pro minima occasione, nempe fractionis unius\n    fenestralis vitri vix valoris obolaris, humiliata sit_, tamen leges\n    maritimae et decisiones omnium controversiarum singulariter longe\n    lateque observantur. Ex distructa autem Vineta Gothlandos incolas\n    marmor, ferrum, cuprum, stannum, argentum, et inter alia duas aenei\n    portas grandis ponderis petiisse, et secum in Gothlandum avexisse\n    ferunt.\"\n\nI need not remind your readers that the maritime code of Wisby even now\ninfluences many of the most important decisions affecting our present\nmercantile shipping, it having been the model of the Laws of the\nAcquitanian Islands of Re and Oleron, which Richard I. ordered to be\nobserved in England, and which are still frequently acted on. It is,\nhowever, to the notice which I have marked in Italics that I would call the\nattention of V.,--the destruction of the city _on account of a small pane\nof glass not the value of an obolus_: and as he, no doubt, has interested\nhimself on these northern histories, request him to explain the\ncircumstance more in detail. I myself have often determined on searching\nPontanus, and other ancient Danish authorities, but hitherto neglected, and\ntherefore know nothing about the matter.\n\nAs to the gates, which are more especially mentioned amongst the spoils of\nthe ruined Wineta, we find them also noticed in the same work, at its\naccount of Wineta:\n\n    \"Urbem frequentabant Graeci aut potius Russi multarumque aliarum\n    nationum mercatores, quorum affluxus frequens civibus ingentes divitias\n    et facultates conciliavit: _adeo ut portae civitatis ex aere paratae_, et\n    argentum tam vulgare ibi esset ut ad communium et vilium rerum usum\n    adhibetur.\"\n\nTo go, however, completely into the history of these gates would require a\nvolume. It would be necessary to commence with the great veneration for\ngates in general throughout the north: whether the name of their great god\nThor (a gateway) is cause or consequence would have to be considered, and\nhis coincidence, in this respect, with Janus and Janua, the eldest deity of\nthe Italians, which I have more largely discussed in an _Essay on a British\nCoin with the Head of Janus_, in the 21st No. of the Journal of the British\nArchaeological Association. Next, the question would arise, whether these\ngates have not been migratory, like those of Somnauth, which Mahmoud took\nto Gazni from a similar principle of deeply-rooted ancient\nveneration,--relics of sanctity rather than trophies of victory, and which\nLord Ellenborough was so unjustly ridiculed for endeavouring to restore.\nThirdly, therefore, also whether the famous gates of the cathedral of\nNovogorod may not be identical with those which have successively adorned\nVineta's and Wisby's portals; and whether those which are still the\nornament of the west door of the cathedral of Hildesheim, (which, according\nto the inscription which crosses their twenty scriptural bas-reliefs, were\ncast by Bereward, the thirteenth bishop, in 1015), may not be an existing\nand beautiful example; as is the bronze column, with the bas-reliefs of\npassages of the New Testament winding round it, and placed in the same\ncathedral close. It would not be too much to surmise, that even the\nbeautiful gate of the Florence baptistery are from the same atelier, as an\nold Italian author sings:\n\n  \"O Germania gloriosa,\n  Tu vasa ex aurichalcis\n  Ad nos subinde mittes.\"\n\nWILLIAM BELL, Phil. D.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNICHOLAS FERRAR AND THE SO-CALLED ARMINIAN NUNNERY OF LITTLE GIDDING.\n\n(Vol. ii., pp. 119. 407.)\n\nHearne, the antiquary, has preserved two curious documents relating to the\nLittle Gidding establishment in the Appendix to his Preface to _Peter\nLangtoff's Chronicle_, Nos. IX. and X. See also _Thomae Caii Vindiciae_, vol.\nii. The most complete account of this remarkable man is that by Dr.\nPeckard, formerly Master of Magdalen College, Cambridge, entitled _Memoirs\nof the Life of Nicholas Ferrar_, published in 1790, which has now become\nextremely scarce, but has been reprinted by Dr. Wordsworth, in his\n_Ecclesiastical Biography_, who has given in an Appendix an account of the\nvisit of the younger Nicholas Ferrar to London, from a MS. in the Lambeth\nLibrary. The _Life of Nicholas Ferrar_, by Dr. Turner, Bishop of Ely, came\ninto the hands of the celebrated Dr. Dodd, who published an abridgment\n{445} of it in the _Christian Magazine_ of 1761. This account was again\nrepublished, with additions, in 1837, entitled _Brief Memorials of Nicholas\nFerrar, Founder of a Protestant Religious Establishment at Little Gidding,\nin Huntingdonshire_, by the Rev. T.M. Macdonogh, Vicar of Bovingdon. Some\nfurther particulars of this family may be found in Barnabas Oley's preface\nto _Herbert's Country Parson_, and in Bishop Hacket's _Life of Archbishop\nWilliams_. In _Baker's MSS._ (vol. xxxv. p. 389.) in the Public Library of\nCambridge, is an article entitled \"Large Materials for writing the Life of\nMr. Nicholas Ferrar.\" Isaac Walton, in his _Life of George Herbert_, also\nnotices Ferrar, and describes minutely his mode of life at Little Gidding.\nFrom an advertisement at the end of Francis Peck's _Memoirs of Cromwell_,\nit appears that Peck had prepared for publication a _Life of Mr. Nicholas\nFerrar_, no doubt the manuscript collections noticed by MR. RIMBAULT (p.\n407.):\n\n    \"Little Gidding,\" it has been observed, \"was in England what Port Royal\n    was in France. Ardent devotion to the Redeemer characterised both. In\n    each, peace, charity, good order, and love to the souls and bodies of\n    men, were eminently exhibited; upon each the hand of persecution fell\n    with unrelenting severity. Port Royal was destroyed by the Jesuits;\n    Little Gidding by the Puritans.\"\n\nJ.Y.\n\nHoxton.\n\n_Arminian Nunnery in Huntingdonshire_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--Allow me to\nrefer DR. RIMBAULT to Hacket's _Life of Archbishop Williams_, Part ii. p.\n50.; Izaak Walton's _Life of George Herbert_; Peter Langloft's _Chronicle_,\ned. Hearne, Preface, sect xi., Appendix to Preface, Nos. IX. and X.; _Caii\nVindiciae Antiquitatis Academiae Oxoniensis_, ed. Hearne, vol. ii. p. 683.\n693. 697. 702. 713.; and _Memoirs of the Life of Mr. Nicholas Ferrar_, by\nPeter Peckard, D.D., Cambridge, 8vo., 1790 (which is reprinted with\nadditions from a manuscript in the archiepiscopal library at Lambeth, in\nDr. Wordsworth's _Ecclesiastical Biography_). In Dr. Peckard's Preface will\nbe found somewhat respecting \"the loss (probably the unjust detention)\" of\nFrancis Peck's manuscript life of Nicholas Ferrar, apparently the same\nmanuscript which DR. RIMBAULT states he has seen.\n\nC.H. COOPER.\n\nCambridge, November 16. 1850.\n\nIn Nichol's _Litterary Anecdotes_, vol. ii. p. 519., it is stated that \"a\ncapital account of the family of Ferrar was compiled by Mr. Gough for the\nsixth volume of the second edition of the _Biographica Britannica_.\" Of the\nonly two copies known to exist of the printed portion of this sixth volume\nMr. Chalmers possessed one, and he seems to have used it in the preparation\nof the life of Ferrar for his _Biographical Dictionary_.\n\nJOHN J. DREDGE.\n\nDR. RIMBAULT will find many interesting particulars relating to the\nso-called \"Arminian Nunnery,\" and the family of Ferrars, together with an\naccount of the present state of the place, in a paper by C. Colson, B.A.,\nFellow of St. John's College, entitled \"An Account of a Visit to Little\nGidding, on the Feast of S. Andrew, 1840,\" published in the first part of\nthe _Transactions of the Cambridge Camden Society_, Stevenson, Cambridge,\n1841.\n\nE.V.\n\nDr. Peckard appears to have had the use of some of Peck's MSS. (perhaps\nthose referred to by DR. RIMBAULT), but he regrets the loss of a MS. which\nhe had lent to the Rev. Mr. Jones, of Sheepshall, being, a _Life of\nNicholas Ferrar_, by Peck, prepared for the press, but which, after near\ntwenty years' inquiry, he had been unable to recover. This suggests the\nQuery, Has it ever yet been recovered? DR. RIMBAULT'S inquiry regarding\nThomas Hearne has been answered by Dr. Dibdin (_Bibliomania_, London, 1811,\np.381.) who informs Dr. Peckard, Dr. Wordsworth, and his Quarterly Reviewer\n(p. 93), that Hearne, in the Supplement to his _Thom. Caii Vind. Ant.\nOxon._, 1730, 8vo., vol. ii., \"had previously published a copious and\ncurious account of the monastery at Little Gidding,\" which he says \"does\nnot appear to have been known to this latter editor,\" meaning Dr.\nWordsworth. I have not Hearne's work to refer to; but Dr. Dibdin _versus_\nDr. Wordsworth and his Reviewer, as to ignorance of what so well-known an\nauthor as Tom Hearne has written, is a little curious. The word \"Arminian,\"\nin DR. RIMBAULT'S Query, requires a remark. On reading the _Memoir_ which\nDr. Wordsworth has edited, he will find (Appendix, p. 247.) that the\nFerrars complained of \"a libellous pamphlet, entitled the _Arminian Nunnery\nat Little Gidding in Huntingdonshire_,\" and that they repudiated\n\"Arminianism and other fopperies.\" This suggests a further Query: Is DR.\nRIMBAULT possessed of that pamphlet? The attachment to books manifested by\nthe Ferrars family entitles them, I humbly think, to as much space as your\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" can afford them.\n\nJ.D.N.N.\n\nRenfrewshire.\n\nIf DR. RIMBAULT or any of your correspondents could furnish a reply to any\nof the Queries inserted by you in Vol. ii., p. 119., relative to the memoir\npublished by Peckard, and other matters connected therewith, I should feel\nobliged.\n\nMATERRE.\n\nMr. Henning of Hillingden, a descendant of the Ferrar family, through his\ngreat-uncle, Dr. John Mapletoft, (see Ward's _Lives of the Gresham\nProfessors_), who was the great-nephew of Nicholas Ferrar, possessed one of\nthe three curious volumes arranged by members of the family, {446} viz.--_A\nDigest of the History of our Saviour's Life_, with numerous plates. One of\nthese copies was presented to Charles I. on his going into the North;\nanother to Charles II. at the Restoration; the third remained in the\nfamily. Can any of your readers tell us whether the copies given to the two\nkings exist, and if so, who are the present possessors of them?\n\nJ.H.M.\n\nBath\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nVINEYARDS.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 393. 414.).\n\nCLERICUS will find some information in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for the\nyear 1775 (vol. xlv. pp. 513. 632.) which will direct him to a still fuller\ndiscussion of the subject in the third volume of the _Archaeologia_.\n\nN.B.\n\nAt _Rochester_ there is a field so called; it is a very favourite _walk_.\nIn the neighbourhood of the _Cathedral at Bath_, there is one side of a\nstreet so called.\n\nS.S.\n\nA part of the town of Richmond (Surrey) is called \"the Vineyard.\" The name,\nof the origin of which I am ignorant, is applied to a collection of small\nhouses between the Roman Catholic Chapel and the Rose Cottage Hotel.\n\nW.A.G.\n\nIn the fields between Buckden and Diddington, in the county of Huntingdon,\nthere is what is called \"the Vineyard\" at the present day; and connected\ntherewith is what is called, and evidently from the shape has been, a \"fish\npond.\" In Buckden is the abbot's house, with the original door; and there\nis no doubt but what the above was, in olden times, belonging to a\nreligious house in that part.\n\nM.C.R.\n\nA small close of land adjoining the churchyard at Oiston, Nottinghamshire\n(due west of the church), goes by the name of \"the Vineyard.\"\n\nP.P.\n\nThere is also a street at Abingdon called \"the Vineyard,\" from the land\nhaving been formerly used for that purpose by the Benedictines of Abingdon\nAbbey. If my memory do not betray me, there is some interesting information\non the early cultivation of the vine in England, in an article by Mr. T.\nHudson Turner, in the _Archaeological Journal_, which I have not now at\nhand.\n\nH.G.T.\n\nThere was a vineyard belonging to Ely Place, Holborn: and another probably\nin the Abbey grounds at Westminster. A portion of the estate of the late\nChas. Powell, Esq., of Hinton Court, near Hereford, was called the\n\"Vineyard\" and the Vineyard of the Monks of St. Mary's is yet pointed out\nby the good folks of Beaulieu in Hampshire. The vineyards of Bath are in\nthe heart, not the suburbs of the present town.\n\nMACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTREATISE OF EQUIVOCATION.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 168.).\n\nAs supplementary to J.B.'s valuable paper on the _Treatise of\nEquivocation_, I transcribe the following from the _Smith Manuscripts_\n(num. lxix. 5. p. 35.), thinking it may leave an interest for some of your\nreaders:--\n\n    \"_Apud, D.P._ 13th of May, 1597.\n\n    _Gerard the Jesuite, his Defence of AEquivocation._\n\n    John Gerard, the Jesuite, being told that, upon the arraignment of\n    Sowthwell the priest of high treason, one of the witnesses being asked\n    upon her oath by one of the judges, in open court, whether Sowthwell\n    were ever in Bellamie's house, said that she had been perswaded by\n    Sowthwell to affirme upon her oath, that she did not see Sowthwell in\n    Bellamie's house and to keep this secret in her mind, of INTENT TO TELL\n    YOU, whereas in truth she had seen him diverse times in Bellamie's\n    house; and Sowthwell being charged therewith, openly confessed the\n    same, and sought to justifie the same by the place out of Jeremie, that\n    a man ought to swear _in judicio, justitia, et veritate_. Now, this\n    John Gerrard, being asked what his opinion and judgment was concerning\n    Southwell's opinion above said, said that he was of the same opinion,\n    and seemed to justifie the same by the example of our Saviour Christ,\n    who said to His disciples, that _you shall go to Jerusalem, Ego autem\n    non ascendam_, keeping this secret to himself, of INTENT TO TELL YOU.\n    And also sayeth that our Saviour Christ said, that the Son of Man did\n    not know of the day of judgment, keeping this secret to himself, OF\n    INTENT TO TELL YOU; for he sayeth, that as he was Son of Man he knew\n    it, and could not be ignorant of any thing: and furder sayeth, that a\n    witness being examined, _juridice_ and of temporal things, not\n    concerning religion or Catholics, cannot answer with such aequivocation\n    as is above said. And, forasmuch as this opinion and the defence\n    thereof seemed to be damnable and blasphemous, he was required to sett\n    down his own opinion therein, least he should be mistaken; but he\n    denied the same, not because it is untrue, but because he would not\n    publish it. Then being required to subscribe the same, denied the same\n    also.\n\n  RICHARD BARKLEY.\n  WILLIAM WAAD.\n  EDWARD COOK.\n  THOMAS FLEMING.\"\n\nThe reference \"_Apud. D.P._,\" which stands as I have placed it above, may\nperhaps enable some of your contributors to point out the source from which\nthis account is derived. The date at the top appears to have been added by\na later hand.\n\nJ. SANSOM.\n\nOxford, Nov. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nRIOTS IN LONDON.\n\n(Vol. ii., pp. 273. 332.)\n\nWill you do me the favour to insert the following attempt to set right and\ndisentangle the thread {447} of my narrative respecting the death of young\nAllen. Certain it is that I was not \"an actor nor spectator,\" in the riots\nof 1768, for they occurred some little time before I was born! It is\nequally certain that a man well remembered by me as our servant, whose name\nwas \"Mac,\" was a soldier concerned in the affair of Allen's death. As all\nthe three soldiers had the prefix of \"Mac\" to their names, I cannot tell\nwhich of them it was, but it was _not_ the man who really shot Allen, and\n_was never again heard of_; for \"Mac,\" whom I so well remember, must have\nlived with my father _after_ the affair of 1768, or _I_ could not have\nknown him. In my youthful remembrance, I have blended the story about him\nwith the riots which I had witnessed in 1780: this is the best and only\nexplanation I can give. Sure I am, that all my father related to me of that\nman was true. I presume the \"Mac\" I knew must have been Maclane, as your\ncorrespondent E.B. PRICE thinks probable, because of his trial and\nacquittal, which agrees with my father's statement; and especially as he\nwas singled out and erroneously accused of the crime--as the quotation\nabove referred to states. All I can say is, I can relate no more; I have\ntold the story _as I remember it,_ and for myself can only apologise that\n(though not so old as to witness the riots of 1768) I am old enough to\nexperience that Time has laid his hand not only on my head to whiten my\nlocks, but in this instance compels me to acknowledge that even the\nmemories of my early days are, like the present, imperfect. The failure is\nwith me, not with my father.\n\nThis vindication of my honourable parent's undoubted veracity reminds me of\na circumstance that I have read or heard in a trial with regard to a right\nof way across an inclosure. Several aged men had given their evidence, when\none said, \"I remember that a public footpath for more than 100 years.\" \"How\nold are you?\" said the counsel. \"Somewhere about eighty,\" was as the reply.\n\"How then do you remember the path for 100 years?\" \"I remember (said the\nold man firmly), when a boy, sitting on my father's knee, and he told me of\na robbery that took place on that footpath; and so I know it existed\n_then_, for _my father never told a lie_.\" The point was carried, and the\nfootpath remains open to this day, to tell to all generations _the beauty\nof truth_.\n\nSENEX.\n\nIn Malcolm's _Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London during the\neighteenth Century_, 4to. 1808, there is a\n\n    \"Summary of the Trial of Donald Maclane, on Tuesday last, at Guildford\n    Assizes, for the murder of William Allen Jun. on the 10th of May last\n    in St. George's Fields.\"\n\nUpon the trial mention was made of the paper stuck up against the walls of\nthe King's Bench Prison, from which it appears that it contained the\nfollowing:\n\n  \"Let * * * Judges, Ministers combine,\n  And here great Wilkes and Liberty confine.\n  Yet in each English heart secure their fame is\n  In spite of crowded levies at St. J----'s.\n  Then while in prison Envy dooms their stay,\n  Here grateful Britons daily homage pay.\"\n\nThe inscription upon the tomb of William Allen was visible in 1817, and in\naddition to the inscription on the north side, which has already been\nprinted in \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" (Vol. ii., p. 333), was as follows:--\n\n      _South Side._\n\n  \"O disembody'd soul! most rudely driven\n  From this low orb (our sinful seat) to Heaven,\n  While filial piety can please the ear,\n  Thy name will still occur for ever dear:\n  This very spot now humaniz'd shall crave\n  From all a tear of pity on thy grave.\n  O flow'r of flow'rs! which we shall see no more,\n  No kind returning Spring can thee restore,\n  Thy loss thy hapless countrymen deplore.\n\n      _East Side._\n\n  \"O earth! cover not thou my blood.\"--_Job._ xvi. 18.\n\n      _West Side._\n\n    \"Take away the wicked from before the King, and His throne shall be\n    established in righteousness.\"--_Prov._ xxiii. 5.\n\nFifteen months afterwards the father of William Allen presented a petition\nto his majesty for vengeance on the murderers of his son.\n\nO. SMITH.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES\n\n_Osnaburg Bishopric_ (Vol. ii. p. 358.).--By the treaty of Osnaburg, in\n1624, it was stipulated \"that the alternate nomination to the Bishopric of\nOsnaburg should be in the catholic bishops, and in the protestant branches\nof the house of Luneburg.\" Thus, the Princes Ernest Augustus, the father of\nGeorge I., Ernest Augustus, brother of the same monarch, and the late Duke\nof York, became sovereign-bishops of Osnaburg. But by the treaty of Vienna,\nin 1815, the bishopric became an integral part of the kingdom of Hanover.\n(Vide _Halliday's House of Guelph_, 4to. 1820, pp. 134, 135, 335.)\n\nF.E.\n\n_Death of Richard II._ (Vol. ii., p. 391.).--Otterburn tells us (pp. 228,\n229.) that Richard II.'s death took place at _Pontefract Castle_, on St.\nValentine's day, and adds, that the body was exposed to public view in all\nthe principal towns through which it passed on the road to London. See also\nWalsingham (p. 363.):\n\n    \"Clausitque diem extremum _apud castrum de Pontefracto_, die Sancti\n    Valentini.\"\n\n{448} The Keeper of the Wardrobe, moreover, received 100 marks for the\nconveyance of the king's body from Pontefract to London. (_Issue Rolls_, 1\nHenry IV.)\n\nIt was the belief of many contemporaries--and arguments have been adduced\nby modern writers in support of the supposition--(see a very interesting\ntreatise on the subject in the second volume of Tytler's _History of\nScotland_), that Richard II. escaped from his prison, and lived for several\nyears in Stirling Castle. But be that as it may, Froissart, I think, is\nclearly wrong in stating that he died in the Tower of London.\n\nO.P.Q.\n\nIn answer to your Query relative to the death of Richard II., and his dying\nat Pontefract, I beg to refer you to Devon's printed _Pell Records_, Hen.\nIII. to Hen. VI., p. 275, for the following entry:\n\n    \"17 February. To Thos. Tuttabury, clerk, keeper of the king's wardrobe,\n    In money paid to him by the hands of Wm. Pampleon, Esq., for expenses\n    incurred for the carriage of the body of Richard, late king of England,\n    _from the town of Pomferait to London_, by Writ, &c., 66l. 13s. 4d.\"\n\nAgain, at page 276.:\n\n    \"To a certain other valet, sent from London, by direction of the king's\n    council, to Pontfreyt Castle for the protection and safe custody of the\n    body of Richard II., late king of England, In money paid to his own\n    hands for his wages and expenses, 6s. 8d.\"\n\nThis seems to be decisive of the question; but there are several other\ninteresting entries bearing on the same point.\n\nD.P.R.\n\n_Scottish Prisoners sold to Plantations_ (Vol. ii., pp. 297. 350. 379.).--\n\n    \"The judgements of heaven were never so visible upon any people as\n    those which have fallen upon the Scots since [the sale of Charles I.];\n    for, besides the sweeping furious plague that reigned in Edinburgh, and\n    the incredible number of witches which have increased, and have been\n    executed there since; besides the sundry shameful defeats they have\n    received by the English, who carried away more of them prisoners than\n    they were themselves in number; _besides that many of them died of mere\n    hunger; besides that they were sold away slaves, at half a crown a\n    dozen, for foreign plantations among savages_; I say besides all this\n    chain of judgements, with diverse others, they have quite lost their\n    reputation among all mankind; some jeer them, some hate them, and none\n    pity them.\"--Howell's _German Dict._, p. 65., 1653.\n\nEchard, in _Hist. Eng._, vol. ii. p. 727., speaking of the prisoners taken\nat Worcester, says that Cromwell\n\n    \"marched up triumphantly to London, driving four or five thousand\n    prisoners like sheep before him; making presents of them, as occasion\n    offered, as of so many slaves, and selling the rest for that purpose\n    into the English plantations abroad.\"\n\nW. DN.\n\n_Lachrymatories._--There is absolutely _no_ authority in any ancient author\nfor this name, and the best scholars speak of these vessels as _the bottles\nusually called lachrymatories_, &c. It would be curious to discover when\nthe name was first used, and by whom first this absurd use was imagined. It\n_[illegible]_ that their _proper_ use was to contain perfumes, scents, and\nunguents, as sweet odours to rest with the departed. Becker says:\n\n    \"Bottles, filled with perfumes, were placed inside the tomb, which was\n    besprinkled _odoribus_. These are the tear-flasks, or _lachrymatories_,\n    so often mentioned formerly.\"--_Gallus_, p. 413. Eng. Tr.\n\nA wasteful use of perfumes at funerals (_sumptuosa respersio_, Cicero de\nLegibus, ii. 23.) was forbidden by the Twelve Tables. The eighth verse of\nthe fifty-sixth Psalm,\n\n    \"My flight thou numberest: put my tears in thy bottle: stand they not\n    in thy book?\"--_Hengstenberg_, Clarke's Tr. Edinb.\n\nis, I believe, the only evidence that can be brought in favour of the old\nopinion; but we surely cannot take the highly figurative language of\nEastern poetry to establish a Roman custom of which we have no hint\nelsewhere. This verse admits of a much simpler interpretation; see Arndt,\nquoted by Hengstenberg _ad locum_. From a review of _Museum Disneianum_,\nwhich appeared in No. XXIII. of the _Classical Museum_, it seems that Mr.\nDisney has devoted to this subject some pages of the introduction to Part\nII. of the above work, of which a summary is given by the reviewer.\n\nED. S. JACKSON.\n\nTorreridge, Herts, Oct. 23.\n\n_Querela Cantabrigiensis_ (Vol. ii., pp. 168. 205.).--MR. SANSOM is\nsustained by Anthony Wood in assigning the _Querela_ to Dean Ryves; but it\nmay be doubted whether he were anything but the editor, publishing it as an\nAppendix to the _Mercurius Rusticus_. The title of the work is _Querela\nCantabrigiensis: or A Remonstrance by way of Apologie for the banished\nMembers of the late flourishing University of Cambridge, by some of the\nsaid Sufferers_. Now Dean Ryves was a member of the University of Oxford.\nIn Wood's _Fasti_, it is stated that he took the degree of B.A., Oct. 26,\n1616, being then of New College. On June 9, 1619, he was admitted of\nMagdalen College, as a member of which he took his B.D. in 1632, and\nproceeded to D.D. in 1639. He had nothing therefore to do with the\nsufferings of the members of the University of Cambridge. In the _Life of\nDr. Barwick_, the account given of the _Querela Cantabrigiensis_ is:--\n\n    \"But _Mr. Barwick's_ no inconsiderable part of this tragedy, together\n    with others of the university, groaning under the same yoke of tyranny,\n    _and each taking a particular account of the sufferings of his own\n    college_, {449} gave a distinct narrative of all these barbarities, and\n    under the title of _Querela Cantabrigiensis_, or the _University of\n    Cambridge's Complaint_, got it printed by the care of _Mr. Richard\n    Royston_, a bookseller of _London_, who did great service to his king\n    and country, by printing and disposing, in the most difficult times,\n    books written in defence of the royal cause.\" pp. 32-33.\n\nIn the Appendix (p.495. note), Dr. Bruno Ryves is mentioned, and spoken of\nas the author of _Mercurius Rusticus_; but no notice is taken of his being\none of the authors of the _Querela_. Of Dr. Ryves, who assisted in the\nPolyglot, a good account is given in Todd's _Life of Bishop Walton_, vol.\ni. pp. 306-309.\n\nBarwick was upon another occasion assisted in a work against the League and\nCovenant, published in 1644, by William Lacy of St. John's, Isaac Barrow of\nPeter-House, Sethward of Sidney College, Edmund Baldero, and William\nQuarles of Pembroke Hall, and Peter Gunning of Clare Hall. It is not an\nimprobable conjecture that some of these distinguished men assisted in the\ncomposition of the _Querela_.\n\nA.B.R.\n\nEaston.\n\n_\"Then\" for \"than.\"_--At the end of Selden's _Titles of Honour_ (edit.\n1631), after the list of \"Faults escapled in print,\" occur the words, \"may\nwith no less difficulty be amended _then_ observed?\" Was the word _then_\ncommonly used in the sense of _than_; or is it a misprint?\n\nP.H.F.\n\n    [Dr Latham, in _English Language_, p. 377. (3d ed.), observes. \"As to\n    the word _than_, the conjunction of comparison, it is a variety of\n    _then_; the notions of _order_, _sequence_, and _comparison_, being\n    allied. _This is good; then_ (or _next in order_) _that is good_, is an\n    expression sufficiently similar to _this is better than that_ to have\n    given rise to it.\"]\n\n_Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--\"The Papal\ndecision\" referred to may probably be found in the Popes Letters of 2nd\nFeb. 1849, and of 20th May, 1850. The former professes to seek for\ninformation on this question from the priests and bishops of the whole\nCatholic world, but at the same time it enunciates clearly the Pope's\nopinion in favour of the doctrine.\n\nJ.H.M.\n\nBath.\n\nIn the _Catholic Annual Register for the Year ended 30th June, 1850_,\npublished by Dolman, will be found the recent Allocution of his Holiness\nPius IX., a Pastoral of the Cardinal Wiseman, and one from the bishops of\nAmerica on this subject; from which your correspondent L. will be fully\nable to discover the present state of the doctrine of the Catholic Church\non this mystery.\n\nFESTE.\n\n_Letters of Horning_ (Vol. ii., p. 393.).--Letters of Horning, in the law\nof Scotland, are writs issuing under the signet of the sovereign (used in\nthe Supreme Court, or Court of Session, for signifying the sovereign's\nassent to writs issuing from that court) obtained by creditors, commanding\nmessengers at arms\n\n    \"To charge the debtor to pay or perform his obligation within a day\n    certain.\" ... \"If payment be not made within the days mentioned in the\n    horning, the messsenger, after proclaiming three oyesses at the\n    marketcross of the head borough of the debtor's domicil, and reading\n    the letters there, blows three blasts with a horn, by which the debtor\n    is understood to be proclaimed rebel to the king for contempt of his\n    authority.\"\n\n    Sec. 26. \"Denunciation, if registered within fifteen days, either in the\n    sheriff's books or in the general register, drew after it the rebel's\n    single cheat, i.e. forfeiture of his moveables to the crown. So severe\n    a penalty, with the character of rebel affixed to denunciation on civil\n    debts, was probably owing to this; that anciently letters of horning\n    were not granted but to enforce the performance of facts within one's\n    own power, and when afterwards [in 1584] they came to be issued on\n    liquid debts, the legislature neglected to soften the penalty. Insomuch\n    that those who were denounced rebels, even for a civil cause, might be\n    put to death with impunity till 1612. Persons denounced rebels have not\n    a _persona standi ne judicio_. They can neither sue nor defend in any\n    action.\"\n\nI have preferred, to any explanation of my own, to make the preceding\nextracts from Erskine's _Principles of the law of Scotland_, Book ii.,\nTitle 5., Sections 24, 25, 26.,--a standard institutional work of the\nhighest authority.\n\nFor those who are disinclined to examine the subject too gravely, I must\nrefer to another authority equally worthy of credit, viz. Sir Walter\nScott's _Antiquary_, where, in Chapter xviii.,\n\n    \"Full of wise saws and modern instances.\"\n\nthe subject of imprisonment for debt in Scotland is discussed most ably by\nJonathan Oldbuck, Esq., of Monkbarns, who proves to his nephew, Captain\nMcIntyre, that in that happy country no man can be legally imprisoned _for\ndebt_. He says,--\n\n    \"You suppose now a man's committed to prison because he cannot pay his\n    debts? Quite otherwise; the truth is, the king is so good as to\n    interfere at the request of the creditor, and to send the debtor his\n    royal command to do him justice within a certain time; fifteen days, or\n    six, as the case may be. Well, the man resists, and disobeys; what\n    follows? Why, that he be lawfully and rightfully declared a rebel to\n    our gracious sovereign, whose command he has disobeyed, and that by\n    three blasts of a horn, at the market-place of Edinburgh, the\n    metropolis of Scotland. And he is then legally imprisoned, not on\n    account of any civil debt, but because of his ungrateful contempt of\n    the royal mandate.\"\n\nI have only quoted what was absolutely necessary to answer the Query; but\nthere is much more to be found on the subject in the same place.\n\nI cannot suppose that there is any one of your readers so illiterate as not\nto have read the _Antiquary_, {450} there are few memories which are not\nthe better for being from time to time refreshed. My own is not of the\nbest, which is sometimes disadvantageous to me, but not in a case like\nthis. I have frequently read over the _Antiquary_, again and again, and\nhave always derived much pleasure and amusement from so doing, and that\npleasure I hope still again to enjoy.\n\nJ. S----s.\n\n_Dr. Euseby Cleaver_ (Vol. ii., p. 297.).--Your correspondent H. COTTON,\nThurles, Ireland, is mistaken with reward to Dr. Euseby Cleaver. He was\nnever Bishop of Cork and Ross. He was Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin, and\ntranslated thence to the archbishopric of Dublin _about_ the year 1805. No\ndoubt the transaction will be found in the Registry of Ferns, but I do not\nknow the date of his consecration.\n\nI was acquainted with that good man, and my mother was his first cousin.\n\nR.S.\n\nBelgave, Nov. 15. 1850.\n\n_Mrs. Partington_ (Vol. ii., pp. 377. 411.).--In the Rev. Sydney Smith's\nspeech at Taunton, on the Lords' rejection of the Reform Bill, October,\n1831, is this passage:\n\n    \"The attempt of the Lords to stop the progress of reform, reminds me\n    very forcibly of the great storm of Sidmouth, and of the conduct of the\n    excellent Mrs. Partington on that occasion. In the winter of 1824,\n    there set in a great flood upon that town--the tide rose to an\n    incredible height--the waves rushed in upon the houses, and everything\n    was threatened with destruction. In the midst of this sublime and\n    terrible storm, Dame Partington, who lived upon the beach, was seen at\n    the door of her house with mop and pattens, trundling her mop,\n    squeezing out the sea-water, and vigorously pushing away the Atlantic\n    Ocean. The Atlantic was roused. Mrs. Partington's spirit was up; but I\n    need not tell you that the contest was unequal. The Atlantic Ocean beat\n    Mrs Partington. She was excellent at a slop or a puddle, but she should\n    not have meddled with a tempest.\"\n\nThis speech is reprinted in the collected editions of Sydney Smith's\n_Works_. Unless an allusion to Mrs. Partington of a prior date to October,\n1831, is produced, we may fairly consider that the celebrity of that lady\nis owing to Sydney Smith.\n\nI doubt if Lord Brougham ever alluded to Mrs. Partington. Certain it is he\nnever made any speech in the House of _Commons_ on the Reform Bill, as he\nwas raised to the peerage some months before that bill was brought forward.\n\nC.H. COOPER.\n\n_\"Never did Cardinal bring good to England\"_ (Vol. ii., p. 424.).--Your\ncorrespondent O.P.Q. refers to Dr. Lingard's _History of England_, in which\nthis exclamation of the Duke of Suffolk, on the adjournment of the legatine\ninquiry into the validity of the marriage of Henry VIII. and Catharine of\nArragon, is termed an \"old saw,\" and remarks that he should be glad to know\nif this saying is to be met with elsewhere, and what gave rise to it.\nBefore we enter upon the inquiries suggested by O.P.Q., it seems to me that\nwe have to consider a previous question--what authority is there for\nterming it an \"old saw.\" Dr. Lingard refers to \"Cavendish, 434.; Herbert,\n278.\" as his authorities for the whole paragraph. But Herbert does not\ncontain anything of the kind and Cavendish relates the matter very\ndifferently:\n\n    \"With that stepped forth the Duke of Suffolk from the king, and lay his\n    commandment spoke these words with a stout and an hault countenance,\n    'It was never merry in England,' quoth he, 'whilst we had cardinals\n    amongst us!'\"--Cavendish's _Wolsey_, pp. 232, 233, Singer's edition.\n\nIs Dr. Lingard the authority for these words being an \"old saw\", or has he\nmerely omitted to give a reference to the place from whence he really\nderived them?\n\nBERUCHINO.\n\n_Pandects, Florentine Edition of_ (Vol. ii., p. 421.).--Your correspondent\nR.G. will find copies of the Florentine edition of the Pandects of 1553,\nboth in the British Museum and in the Bodleian library at Oxford. It is\ndescribed in the catalogues of both under the title of _Pandecta_.\n\nC.L.L.\n\n_Master John Shorne_ (Vol. ii., p. 387.).--Mr. Thoms, in his curious notes\non this personage, has expressed much regret that fuller details relating\nto a representation of _Magister Johannes Schorn_ at Cawston, Norfolk,\ncommunicated to the Archaeological Institute by the Rev. James Bulwer, had\nnot been preserved in the _Archaeological Journal_. I believe that the\nomission was solely in deference to Mr. Bulwer's intention of giving in\nanother publication the results of his inquiries, and those persons who may\ndesire detailed information regarding Master John will do well to peruse\nMr. Bulwer's curious memoir in the _Norfolk Archaeology_, vol. ii. p. 280.,\npublished March 1849, where representations of the figure at Cawston, and\nof another at Gateley, Norfolk, are given. There seems to be no evidence\nthat Sir John, although in both instances pourtrayed with _nimbus_, had\nbeen actually canonized and it is deserving of notice that in no ancient\nevidence hitherto cited is he designated as a Saint, but merely as Master,\nor Sir John. I am surprised that Dr. Husenbeth, who is so intimately\nconversant with the examples of hagiotypic symbols existing in Norfolk,\nshould not have given him even a supplementary place in his most useful\nmanual of the _Emblems of Saints_, recently published. (Burns, 1850, 12mo.)\nI have sought for Sir John in vain, in either section of that valuable\nwork. It occurs neither under the names of saints, nor in the series of\nemblems.\n\nALBERT WAY.\n\n_\"Her brow was fair\"_ (Vol. ii p. 407.).--The author of the passage quoted\nby J.M.B. is Barry Cornwall. It occurs in one of the delicious {451} little\n\"Miscellaneous Poems\" attached to the volume entitled _Dramatic Scenes_.\nThe quotation is not quite accurate, the last two words of the first line,\n\"and look'd,\" being carried into the second, and thus destroying the metre\nof both. The Dr. Armstrong alluded to by J.M.B. is, I suppose, a modern\ncelebrity of whom I must plead guilty of being ignorant. The lines could,\nof course, only occur in the writings of the Dr. Armstrong who wrote _The\nArt of Preserving Health_, and who was the friend of the poet Thomson,\nthrough the interpolation of some modern editor, within the last thirty\nyears. Barry Cornwall's poems have never been collected, in this country at\nleast; and as the volume which contains the one in question is to be met\nwith only occasionally, on the book stalls, I send you the entire poem:--\n\n          THE MAGDALEN.\n\n  \"And woman who had wept her loveliest dower\n  There hid her broken heart.\n    _Paris._ \"I do remember it. Twas such a face\n  As Guido would have loved to dwell upon;\n  But oh! the touches of his pencil never\n  Could paint her perfect beauty. In her home\n  (Which once she did desert) I saw her last;\n  Propp'd up by pillows, swelling round her like\n  Soft heaps of snow, yielding, and fit to bear\n  Her faded figure. I observed her well:\n  Her brow was fair, but _very_ pale, and look'd\n  Like stainless marble; a touch methought would soil\n  Its whiteness. O'er her temple one blue vein\n  Ran like a tendril; one through her shadowy hand\n  Branch'd like the fibre of a leaf--away.\n  Her mouth was tremulous, and her cheek wore then\n  A flush of beautiful vermilion,\n  But more like art than nature; and her eye\n  Spoke as became the youthful Magdalen,\n  Dying and broken-hearted.\"\n\nG.J. DE WILDE.\n\n_Dodd's Church History_ (Vol. ii., p. 347).--G.R., who is good enough to\nspeak of my edition of this work in a very flattering manner, presumes, and\nnot unnaturally, from the lengthened period which has elapsed since the\nappearance of the last, or fifth volume, that its continuation \"has for\nsome reason or other been abandoned.\" I am glad, however, to inform him\nthat such is not the case. Health, and other uncontrollable circumstances,\nhave unfortunately interfered to impede the progress of the work; but that\nit is not abandoned, I hope, ere long, to give to him and to the public a\npractical evidence.\n\nM.A. TIERNEY.\n\nArundel, Nov. 1850.\n\n_Blackwall Docks_ (Vol. i., pp. 141. 220.).--These, in Pepys' time,\nprobably included more than the dry docks, known as Wigram's and Green's;\n_e.g._, in Sir Thomas Brame's _Letters_, dated 29th Sept. 1666, we read:\n\n    \"Blackwall hath the largest wet dock in England, and belongs chiefly to\n    the East India Company.\"--Sir Thos. Brame's _Letters_, edit. Wilkin, t.\n    i. p. 135.\n\nW. DN.\n\n_Wives of Ecclesiastics_ (Vol. i., p. 149.).--In Archdeacon Hale's _Curious\nPrecedents in Criminal Causes_, p. 23., under 1490, and in the parish of S.\nNicholas, Coldharbour, London, we read:\n\n    \"Nicholai Colde.--Johannes Warwick quondam clericus parochie ibidem\n    adulteravit cum Rosa Williamson et ob amorem illius mutilavit et quasi\n    interfecit uxorem propriam.\"\n\nWe may remark that the delinquent is not called Dominus, but \"clericus\nparochie.\"\n\nW. DN.\n\n_Stephens' Sermons_ (Vol. i., p. 334.).--The sermons referred to by\nBALLIOLIENSIS, with a suggestion that they may be those of the Rev. W.\nStephens, were preached by Rev. Samuel Johnson, vicar of Great, and rector\nof Little Torrington. Stephens was subsequently vicar of St. Andrew's,\nPlymouth, a living then in the gift of the corporation.\n\nW. DN.\n\n_Saying of Montaigne_ (Vol. ii., p. 278.).--I have seen this attributed to\nFenelon, and, I think, to an English divine; but have no \"Note,\" and regret\nI cannot recollect the name.\n\nESTE.\n\n_Scala Coeli_ (Vol. ii., p. 285.)--They are not _in_ the church of St. John\nLateran, but in a separate portico-like building. They form the middle\nflight, up which the faithful ascend on their knees, and descend by\nordinary stairs on each side. These stairs are of stone (or marble), and\nare covered with boards, so that only parts are visible. They are said to\nhave formed part of Pilate's house at Jerusalem; but I believe there are\nother claimants for the honour. One or two brass stars, inlaid in the\nstone, are said to mark the spots where Christ's tears fell.\n\nESTE.\n\nBirmingham, Nov. 13. 1850.\n\n_Red Hand--Holt Family--Aston Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 241.).--The tradition\nis not, I belive, of very ancient date. It is stated that one of the Holt\nfamily murdered his cook, and was afterwards compelled to adopt the red\nhand in his arms. It is, however, obviously only the \"Ulster badge\" of\nbaronetcy. I have never heard any further particulars of the tradition.\n\nESTE.\n\n_Swearing by Swans_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.).--\n\n    \"Toison d'or parut ensuite; il apportait un faisan vivant, orne d'un\n    collier d'or; alors le duc Philippe, suivant l'ancien usage qu'avaient\n    les seigneurs de preter leurs serments sur quelque noble oiseau, jura\n    qu'il irait en personne dans l'Orient combattre le chef des Sarrasins.\"\n    &c., &c.--_Histoire des Ducs de Bourgogne_, par F. Valentin, troisieme\n    edition, p. 235. 8vo. Tours, 1846.\n\nE.J.M.\n\nOxford.\n\n{452} _\"Tickhill, God help me!\"_ (Vol. i., p. 247.).--Chagford, on the\nborders Dartmoor, in Devon, is in winter a very desolate and almost\nunapproachable place. If an inhabitant be asked at this season concerning\nhis locality, he calls it, in sad tones, \"Chagford, good Lord!\" In summer\nthe place is picturesque and much sought, and then the exulting designation\nis \"Chaggiford, and what d'ye think?\"\n\nWiddicombe-in-the-Moor, in the same neighbourhood, is a most out-of-the-way\nplace, and is commonly spoken of as \"Widdicombe in the cold country, good\nLord!\"\n\nJ.W.H.\n\n_\"Noli me tangere\"_ (Vol. ii., p. 253.).--To the list given of the painters\nof this subject may be added _Frederico Baroccio_. A singularly beautiful\nengraving by Raphael Morghen of this picture, then in the possession of the\nMarquis Bonvisi of Lucca, was published at Florence, 1816.\n\nC.I.R.\n\n_Judas Bell, Judas Candle, &c._ (Vol. ii., p. 298.).--In the parish\naccounts of Lambeth, the two following entries occur:--\n\n  \"1516. To James Calcot for payntyng of Judas, 6d.\"\n  \"1523. Paid for a staff for Judas crosse -- 4d.\"\n\nI venture to add these to the instances cited by Mr. Walcott, hoping that\nthe slightly varied form may furnish a clue by which some of your readers\nmay be able to unravel the meaning of such allusions more satisfactorily\nthan any yet attempted.\n\nJ.C.B.\n\n_Burial towards the West_ (Vol. ii., p. 408.).--Mr. Hawker has stated very\nconfidently that\n\n    \"It was the ancient usage of the Church that the martyr, the bishop,\n    the saint, and even the priest, should occupy in their sepulture a\n    position the reverse of the secular dead, and lie down with their feet\n    westward and their heads to the rising sun.\"\n\nIt is true that a custom has existed in many places for nearly two\ncenturies and a half to assign to the clergy a method of interment distinct\nfrom that adopted for the laity; and the observance of this usage is not\nlimited to Romanists, for its continuance may be noted among members of the\nChurch of Ireland also, at least in remote districts of that country. With\nrespect to this matter, however, your correspondent has entirely misapplied\nthe term \"ancient;\" for until the seventeenth century there was not any\ndifference in the mode of sepulture prescribed for priests and laymen but,\nmost commonly, all persons entitled to Christian burial were placed with\ntheir feet toward the east, in consequence of a tradition relative to the\nposition of our Saviour's body in the tomb. (Haimo, _Hom. pro Die Sancto\nPasch._; J. Gregrory, _Oriens nomen Ejus_, 85., Martene, _De Antiq. Eccles.\nRitibus_, tom. ii. p. 374. Venet. 1783.) It is believed that there is no\nearlier authority for the sacerdotal privilege in question than a rule\ncontained in the _Rituale Romanum_ sanctioned by Pope Paul V. in June,\n1614; viz.:\n\n    \"Corpora defunctorum in ecclesia ponenda sunt pedibus versus altare\n    majus ... Presbyteri vero habeant caput versus altare.\"--Cap. _De\n    Exsequiis_, p. 63. Antwerp, 1635.\n\nA rubric afterwards directs (p. 168.) that the bier should be so set down\nin the middle of the church that in every case the injunction previously\ngiven should be complied with, even from the commencement of the funeral\nservice; and, in fact, the manner of adhering to the established practice\nof exhibiting in the church to the people the bodies of the deceased\nclergy, clad in vestments, prior to their interment (on which occasions an\naltar-ward posture was naturally selected for the head, in order that the\nremains might be more easily seen), appears to have originated the idea of\nthe fitness of retaining an unjustifiable priestly prerogative at the time\nof burial.\n\nMr. Hawker may peruse with much advantage the first Appendix in the second\nedition of _Eusebii Romani Epistola de Cultu Sanctorum ignotorum_. Mabillon\nhas herein very usefully enlarged what he had said, \"De Sepultura\nSacerdotum,\" in the preceding impression, of which a French translation was\nspeedily published at Paris, 12mo in eights, 1698. The text of both\neditions may be found together in tome i. of the _Ouvrages posthumes de\nMabillon et Ruinart_, a Paris, 1724.\n\nR.G.\n\n_Totnes Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 376).--As the priory of St. Mary stood on the\nN.E. side of the parish church, it is not improbable that the arched\npassage to which your querist H.G.T. refers may have been formed between\nthe two buildings, and found needful to allow room for the extension of the\nchancel on the re-erection of the church in 1432. Perhaps if H.G.T. could\nrefer to the ancient documents brought to light by the fall of one of the\npinnacles into the room over the porch in 1799, he would gain some\ninformation in connexion with his inquiry. The following note may have\nreference to the very \"gangway\" in question:\n\n    \"William Ryder of Totnes, by his will dated 18th Nov. 1432 desires to\n    be buried in the cemetery of the parish church, in itinere\n    processionali juxta ecclesiam prioris et conventus Totton, ex opposito\n    magni altaris ejusdem ecclesiae.\"--See Dr. Oliver's _Monasticum Dioc.\n    Exon._ p. 239.\n\nIt appears that the present churchyard is the site of the priory, but on\nthis point the labours of the sexton would probably give some intimation.\n\nS.S.S.\n\n_Irish Brigade_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--Your correspondent J.B. will find\nsome interesting particulars concerning the Irish Brigade in the _Military\nHistory of the Irish Nation_, by Matthew O'Conor, extending to the peace of\nUtrecht in 1711. It {453} was never finished. There is very valuable\nAppendix in French, written in 1749, and authenticated September 1. 1815,\nby the Adj.-Comm.-Col. De M. Morres (Herve); it gives the war-orders, pay,\nchanges in the organization, and numbers of this gallant corps.\n\nMACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMISCELLANEOUS.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.\n\nWe have received the second edition of _Chronicles of the Ancient British\nChurch_. The author exhibits great industry and research, and brings that\nkindly reverential temper to his subject, which cannot fail to win for it\nthe sympathy of his readers. The apostolic origin of British Christianity,\nand the early independence of the British Church, are satisfactorily\nmaintained, the labours of St. Patrick in Ireland, St. David and his\nworkfellows in Wales, St. Columba and St. Ninian in the North, are duly\nchronicled; and the slender particulars that remain to us of the ancient\nChurch in Cornwall, are gleaned up with diligence and accuracy. The volume\nis put together in a readable and popular shape, but is not unworthy the\nattention of even our clerical friends. The author takes nothing upon\ntrust, and while availing himself of the labours of Usher, Stillingfleet,\n&c., he ascends to the original authorities from which they drew, and makes\nus acquainted with the pages of Gildas, Nennius, and Giraldus Cambrensis.\n\nThere is a time-honoured proverb, which bids us \"Laugh and grow fat.\" The\nauthor of a series of very witty and instructive papers written under the\ntitle of, and for the prose of showing us _How to make Home\nUnhealthy_,--written, too, it is obvious, on the principle of \"When I say\nhold fast, let go, and When I say let go, hold fast,\"--has improved upon\nthe old saw, and bids us \"Laugh and grow healthy.\" The subject is one which\ncomes home to everybody, and we accordingly recommend everybody in search\nof a pleasant half-hour's reading of a happy combination of common sense\nand uncommon humour to apply themselves to the study of _How to make Home\nUnhealthy_.\n\nWe last week called attention to several Flemish works likely to interest\nEnglish readers. We have since seen how desirable it is that this should be\ndone, in the fact, that a curious Flemish Rhyming Chronicle respecting our\nEdward III., by Jan de Klerk, edited in 1840 by that accomplished antiquary\nWillems, and of which only 100 copies were printed, has hitherto been so\nlittle known in this country, that nearly a quarter of the whole impression\nwas left unsold in the hands of the late Mr. Rodd. At the last sale of Mr.\nRodd's books they were purchased by Mr. Quaritch.\n\nWe have received the following Catalogues:--Thomas Thorpe's (13. Henrietta\nStreet, Covent Garden) General Catalogue of the most extensive Collection\nof Curious Books on Sale in this or any other country, in most Languages\nand classes of Literature, and including many hundred Articles of the\nutmost rarity; William Brown's (46. High Holborn) Catalogue of Second-hand\nEnglish and Foreign Books; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile, Holborn) List No.\nXXX. of Miscellaneous Second-hand Books; Reeves' and Turner's (98. Chancery\nLane) Catalogue No. 14. of Cheap Books, many Rare and Curious; John\nMiller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 14. for 1850, of Books Old and\nNew; John Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue Part CXVIII., No. 12. for\n1850, of Old and New Books.\n\nMessrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Wednesday next and three\nfollowing days, the valuable Philological, Biblical, and Miscellaneous\nLibrary of the late Rev. Richard Garnet of the British Museum.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nOBI. An early and abridged edition.\n\nBURKE'S WORKS. 9 vols. 8vo. 1845.\n\nLAWRIE'S HOMOEOPATHIC DOMESTIC MEDICINE. Last Edition.\n\n_Odd Volumes._\n\nKNIGHT'S LONDON, Nos. 27. 53. 57. 98. 105. 146.\n\nPOPE'S WORKS. Warburton, 8vo. 1760. Vol. II.\n\nCARTER'S ARCHITECTURE OF ENGLAND. 1793. Part I.\n\nPARKINSON'S SERMONS on Points of Doctrine and Rules of Duty. 1832. Vol. I.\n\nALISON'S EUROPE. First 8vo. edition. Vol. IX.\n\nNAPIER'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols. II. III. V.\n\nNICHOLSON'S ARCHITECTURAL DICTIONARY. Parts XV. to the end.\n\nURE'S DICTIONARY of Arts and Manufactures. Part VI.\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.\n\n_We this week present our Subscribers with eight pages extra to meet our\nincreasing Correspondence. But though our present Number is thus enlarged,\nwe are compelled again to postpone many valuable communications, which are\nalready in type._\n\nJ.D.N.N. (_Renfrewshire_) _is thanked for his kind note. He will see by the\npresent Number, that there is no occasion for the alternative he suggests._\n\nTWYFORD, _whose Query respecting the_ OGDEN FAMILY _appears at page 73, is\nrequested to say how a note may reach him._\n\n_Communications should be addressed to the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES,\n_care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. _Fleet Street._\n\n_Part XIII. for November, price 1s. 3d., is now ready for delivery._\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and\nNewsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country\nSubscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it\nregularly. Many of the country booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet\naware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND\nQUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._\n\n_Errata._--P. 365, l. 36, for \"ee_n_ or de_n_\" read \"e_r_ or de_r_\"; p.\n405, l. 16, for \"Gar_n_elies\" read \"Gar_u_elies\", p. 414, l. 13, for\nJ.V.R.W. read J.K.R.W.; p. 430, l. 9, for \"441\" read \"414\"; p. 420, l. 52,\nfor [Greek: exeleleipto] read [Greek: exeleleipto]; p. 422, l. 5, for\n_Amaen. Lit._ iii. read _Amaen. Lit._ ii.--l. 42, dele; after \"manifest\"; and\nin col. 2, l. 26, for \"milcinqcens et _o_nze\" read \"mil cinqcens et\n_u_nze.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n{454} NEW WORKS.\n\nI.\n\nThe late LORD HOLLAND'S FOREIGN REMINISCENCES. Edited by his Son, HENRY\nEDWARD LORD HOLLAND. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d. [On Friday next.\n\nII.\n\nMr. MACAULAY'S HISTORY of ENGLAND, from the Accession of James II. Seventh\nEdition. Vols. 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Longman and Co.,\nand of all Booksellers.\n\nLondon\n\nLongman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{455} Committee for the Repair of the TOMB OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER.\n\n  JOHN BRUCE, Esq., Treas. S.A.\n  J. PAYNE COLLIER, Esq., V.P.S.A.\n  PETER CUNNINGHAM, Esq., F.S.A.\n  WILLIAM RICHARD DRAKE, Esq., F.S.A.\n  THOMAS W. KING, Esq., F.S.A.\n  SIR FREDERICK MADDEN, K.II.\n  JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A.\n  HENRY SHAW, Esq., F.S.A.\n  SAMUEL SHEPHERD, Esq., F.S.A.\n  WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A.\n\nThe Tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer in Westminster Abbey is fast mouldering into\nirretrievable decay. A sum of One Hundred Pounds will effect a perfect\nrepair. The Committee have not thought it right to fix any limit to the\nsubscription; they themselves, have opened the list with a contribution\nfrom each of them of Five Shillings; but they will be ready to receive any\namount, more or less, which those who value poetry and honour Chaucer may\nbe kind enough to remit to them.\n\nSubscriptions have been received from the Earls of Carlisle, Ellesmere, and\nShaftesbury, Viscounts Strangford and Mahon, Pres. Soc. Antiq., The Lords\nBraybrooke and Londesborough, and many other noblemen and gentlemen.\n\nSubscriptions are received by all the members of the Committee, and at the\nUnion Bank, Pall Mall East. Post-office orders may be made payable at the\nCharing Cross Office, to William Richard Drake, Esq., the Treasurer, 46.\nParliament Street, or William J. Thoms, Esq., Hon. Sec., 25. 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Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, November 30. 1850.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 57, November 30, 1850","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":21067}