{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_15427/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_15427","id":"gutenberg_15427","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15427","summary":null,"tags":["Category: History - British","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith\nEdkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.\n\n\n\n\n\n{473} NOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 59.]\nSATURDAY, DECEMBER 14. 1850.\n[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                                        Page\n\n    The First Paper-mill in England, by Dr. E.F. Rimbault          473\n    Specimens of Foreign English                                   474\n    Folk Lore:--May-dew--Piskies--The Dun Cow--\n      Lady Godiva--\"Can du plera meleor cera\"                      474\n    Minor Notes--Circulation of the Blood--Origin of\n      the Word \"Culprit\"--Collar of SS.--The Singing of\n      Swans--Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs--Portraits\n      of Stevens and Cotton and Bunyan--Sonnet: Attempting\n      to prove that Black is White--Nicholas\n      Bretons Fantasticks                                          475\n\n  QUERIES:--\n    The Wise Men of Gotham                                         476\n    Herstmonceux Castle                                            477\n    Minor Queries:--Yorkshire Ballads--Ringing a Hand-bell\n      before a Corpse--Church of St. Savior, Canterbury--\n      Mock Beggar's Hall--Beatrix Lady Talbot--\n      English Prize Essays--Rev. Joseph Blanco White--\n      History of the Inquisition--Lady Deloraine--Speke\n      Family--Pope's Villa--Armorial Bearings--Passage\n      From Tennyson--Meaning of \"Sauenap\"--Hoods\n      worn by Doctors of the University of Cambridge--\n      Euclid and Aristotle--Ventriloquism--Fanningus,\n      the King's Whisperer--Frances Lady Norton--\n      Westminster Wedding--Stone's Diary--Dr. King's\n      poem of \"The Toast\"--\"Anima Magis\" etc.--The\n      Adventures of Peter Wilkins--Translations of the\n      Talmud--Torn by Horses--The Marks *, [obelus], &c.\n      --Blackguard                                                 478\n\n  REPLIES:--\n    Church History Society, by S.R. Maitland                       480\n    Defender of the Faith, by W.S. Gibson                          481\n    Meaning of Jezebel                                             482\n    Socinian Boast, by J.R. Beard                                  483\n    Replies to Minor Queries:--The Koenig stuhl at Rheuze\n      --Mrs. Tempest--Calendar of Sundays in Greek and\n      Romish Churches--The Conquest--Thruscross--\n      Osnaburgh Bishopric--Nicholas Ferrar--Butcher's\n      Blue Dress--Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve--Lady\n      Jane of Westmoreland--Gray and Dodsley                       484\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n    Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                         485\n    Books and Odd Volumes Wanted                                   486\n    Notices to Correspondents                                      486\n    Advertisements                                                 486\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNOTES.\n\nTHE FIRST PAPER-MILL IN ENGLAND.\n\nIn the year 1588, a paper-mill was established at Dartford, in Kent, by\nJohn Spilman, \"jeweller to the Queen.\" The particulars of this mill are\nrecorded in a poem by Thomas Churchyard, published shortly after its\nfoundation, under the following title:--\n\n\"A description and playne discourse of paper, and the whole benefits that\npaper brings, with rehearsall, and setting foorth in verse a paper-myll\nbuilt near Darthforth, by an high Germaine, called Master Spilman, jeweller\nto the Queene's Majyestie.\"\n\nThe writer says:\n\n  \"(Then) he that made for us a paper-mill,\n  Is worthy well of love and worldes good will,\n  And though his name be _Spill-man_, by degree,\n  Yet _Help_-man now, he shall be called by mee.\n  Six hundred men are set at work by him,\n  That else might starve, or seeke abroade their bread;\n  Who now live well, and go full brave and trim,\n  And who may boast _they_ are with paper fed.\"\n\nIn another part of the poem Churchyard adds:\n\n  \"An high Germaine he is, as may be proovde,\n  In Lyndoam Bodenze, borne and bred,\n  And for this mille, may heere be truly lovde,\n  And praysed, too, for deep device of head.\"\n\nIt is a common idea that this was the first paper-mill erected in England;\nand we find an intelligent modern writer, Mr. J.S. Burn, in his _History of\nthe Foreign Refugees_, repeating the same erroneous statement. At page 262,\nof his curious and interesting work be says:\n\n    \"The county of Kent has been long famed for its manufacture of paper.\n    It was at Dartford, in this county, that paper was _first made_ in\n    England.\"\n\nBut it is proved beyond all possibility of doubt that a paper-mill existed\nin England almost a century before the date of the establishment at\nDartford. In Henry VII.'s _Household Book_, we have the following:--\n\n    \"1498. For a rewarde geven at the pulper-mylne, 16s. 8d.\"\n\nAgain:--\n\n    \"1499. Geven in rewarde to Tate of the Mylne, 6s. 8d.\"\n\nAnd in _Bartholomeus de Proprietatibus Rerum_, printed by Wynkyn de Worde\nin 1495, mention is made of a paper-mill near Stevenage, in the county of\nHertford, belonging to JOHN TATE the younger, which was undoubtedly the\n\"mylne\" visited by Henry VII.\n\nThe water-mark used by John Tate was an eight-pointed star within a double\ncircle. In the {474} twelfth volume of the _Archaeeologia_, p. 114., is a\nvariety of fac-similes of water-marks used by our early paper makers,\nexhibited in five large plates, but is not a little singular that the mark\nof John Tate is omitted.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSPECIMENS OF FOREIGN ENGLISH.\n\nThe accompanying specimens of foreign English you may perhaps consider\nworth a corner among the minor curiosities of literature:--\n\n_Basle._--\n\n    \"Bains ordinaires et artificiels, tenu par B. Sigemund, Dr. in\n    medicine, Basle. In this new erected establishment, which the Owner\n    recommends best to all foreigners are to have,--Ordinary and artful\n    baths, russia and sulphury bagnios, pumpings, artful mineral waters,\n    gauze lemonads, fournished apartments for patients.\"\n\n_Cologne._ Title-page in lithograph.\n\n    \"_Remembrance on the Cathedral of Cologne._--A collection of his most\n    remarkable monumens, so as of the most artful ornamous and precious\n    hilts of his renaconed tresory. Draconed and lithographed by Gerhardt\n    Levy Elkan and Hallersch, collected by Gerhd. Emans.\"\n\n_Augsburg_, Drei Mohren Hotel. Entry in travellers' book.\n\n    \"January 28. 1815.--His Grace Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, &c.\n    &c. &c. Great honour arrived at the beginning of this year to the three\n    Moors: this illustrious warrior, whose glorious atchievements, which,\n    cradled in Asia, have filled Europe with his renown, descended in it.\"\n\n_Mount Etna._ Printed notice found attached to the wall of one of the rooms\nin the Casa degl' Inglesi, Mount Etna, October, 1844:\n\n    \"In consequence of the damage suffered in the house called English set\n    on the Etna for the reprehensible conduct of some persons there\n    recovered, the following provisional regulations are prescribed,\n    authorized, and granted to M. Gemmellaro[1], who has the key of the\n    mentioned house for his labour, honour, and money spent to finish such\n    edifice, besides his kind reception for travellers curious to visit the\n    mountain.\n\n    I. Any person desirous to get the key of the house is requested to\n    apply to M.G., and in case of his absence, to ... signing his name,\n    title, and country, in the same time tell the guide's and muleteer's\n    name, just to drive away those have been so rough to spoil the\n    moveables and destroy the stables ... are the men to be particularly\n    remarked.\n\n    II. Nobody is admitted without a certificate of M.G., which will assure\n    to have received his name, &c. &c., except those are known by the\n    fore-going strangers.\n\n    III. According to the afore-mentioned articles, nobody will take the\n    liberty to go in the house and force the lock of the door: he will\n    really suffer the most severe punishment fixed against violence.\n\n    IV. Is not permitted to any body to put mules in the rooms destined for\n    the use of people, notwithstanding the insufficiency of stables. It is\n    forbidden likewise to dirtes the walls with pencil or coal. M.G. will\n    procure a blank book for those learned people curious to write their\n    observations. A particular care must be taken for the moveables settled\n    in the house.\n\n    V. The house must be left clean and without fire, to avoid\n    conflagration; it is forbidden to leave rooms or windows opened, as the\n    house has been lately damaged by the winds, snow, sand, &c. &c.; the\n    aforementioned A.D., M.N. are imputed of negligence and malice: persons\n    neglecting to execute the above article will be severely punished, and\n    are obliged to pay damages and expences.\n\n    VI. As soon as the traveller returns at Nicolosi, either to S. Nicolo\n    l'Arena, will immediately deliver the key to M.G., as it commonly\n    happens that foreigners are waiting for it. A certificate must be\n    likewise delivered, declaring that the afore-mentioned regulations have\n    been exactly executed. It is likewise proper and just to reward M. Gem.\n    for the expense of moveables, money, &c, &c., and for the advantage\n    travellers may get to examine the Volcan, for better than Empedocli,\n    Amodei, Fazelli, Brydon, Spallanzani, and great many others. M. Gemm.\n    has lately been authorized to deny the key whenever is unkindly\n    requested. He is also absolutely obliged to inform the gen. of the\n    army, who is determined to punish with rigour their insolence.\"\n\n_Mount Sinai._--(On the fly-leaf of the travellers' book.)\n\n    \"Here in too were inscribed as in one legend, all whose in the rule of\n    the year come from different parts, different cities and countries,\n    pilgrims and travellers of any different rank and religion or\n    profession, for advise and notice thereof to their posterity, and even\n    also in owr own of memory acknowledging. 1845, Mount Sinai.\"\n\nVIATOR.\n\n[Footnote 1: The name of this gentleman will be recognised by some of the\nreaders of NOTES AND QUERIES as that of a most indefatigable explorer of\nthe wonders of the mountain, and the author, in the _Transactions of the\nCatanian Academy_., of excellent descriptions of its recent eruptions.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_May-dew._--Every one has heard of the virtues of \"May-dew,\" but perhaps\nthe complex superstition following may be less generally known. A\nrespectable tradesman's wife in this town (Launceston) tells me that the\npoor people here say that a swelling in the neck may be cured by the\npatient's going _before sunrise_, on the 1st of May, to the grave of the\nlast young man who has been buried in the church-yard, and applying the\ndew, gathered by passing the hand _three times_ from the {475} head to the\nfoot of the grave, to the part affected by the ailment.[2] This was told me\nyesterday in reply to a question, whether the custom of gathering \"May-dew\"\nis still prevailing here. I may as well add, that the common notion of\nimproving the complexion by washing the face with the early dew in the\nfields on the 1st of May extensively prevails in these parts; and they say\nthat a child who is weak in the back may be cured by drawing him over the\ngrass wet with the morning dew. The experiment must be thrice performed,\nthat is, on the mornings of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd of May. I find no\nallusion to these specific applications of \"May-dew\" in Ellis's _Brand_.\n\nH.G.T.\n\n[Footnote 2: If the patient be a woman, the grave chosen must be that of\nthe last young man buried, and that of the last young woman in the case of\na man patient.]\n\n_Piskies._--An old woman, the wife of a respectable farmer at a place\ncalled \"Colmans,\" in the parish of Werrington, near Launceston, has\nfrequently told my informant before-mentioned of a \"piskey\" (for _so_, and\nnot _pixy_, the creature is called _here_, as well as in parts of Devon)\nwhich frequently _made its appearance_ in the form of small child in the\nkitchen of the farm-house, where the inmates were accustomed to set a\nlittle stool for it. It would do a good deal of household work, but if the\nhearth and chimney corner were not kept neatly swept, it would pinch the\nmaid. The piskey would often come into the kitchen and sit on its little\nstool before the fire, so that the old lady had many opportunities of\nseeing it. Indeed it was a familiar guest in the house for many months. At\nlast it left the family under these circumstances. One evening it was\nsitting on the stool as usual, when it suddenly started, looked up, and\nsaid,--\n\n  \"Piskey fine, and Piskey gay,\n  Now Piskey! run away!\"\n\nand vanished; after which it never appeared again. This distich is the\nfirst utterance of a piskey I have heard.\n\nThe word \"fine\" put me in mind of the expression \"_fine_ spirit,\" \"_fine_\nAriel,\" &c., noticed by DR. KENNEDY lately in NOTES AND QUERIES (Vol. ii.,\np. 251.). It is worth notice that the people here seem to entertain no\ndoubt as to the identity of piskies and fairies. Indeed I am told, that the\nold woman before mentioned called her guest indifferently \"piskey\" or\n\"fairy.\"\n\nThe country people in this neighbourhood sometimes put a prayer-book under\na child's pillow as a charm to keep away the piskies. I am told that a poor\nwoman near Launceston was fully persuaded that one of her children was\ntaken away and a piskey substituted, the disaster being caused by the\nabsence of the prayer-book on one particular night. This story reminds me\nof the \"killcrop.\"\n\nH.G.T.\n\n1. The _dun cow_ of Dunsmore filled with milk every vessel that was brought\nto her till an envious witch tried to milk her in a sieve.\n\n2. _Lady Godiva._--A close-fitting dress might suggest the idea of nudity;\nbut was not the horse borrowed from the warrior Lady of Mercia Ethelfleda?\n\n3. CAN DU PLERA MELEOR CERA. Quand Dieu plaira meilleur sera. Charm on a\nring, olim penes W. Hamper, F.A.S.\n\nF.Q.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMINOR NOTES.\n\n_Circulation of the Blood._--About twenty-five years since, being in a\npublic library in France, a learned physician pointed out to me in the\nworks of the Venerable Bede a passage in which the fact of the circulation\nof the blood appeared to him and myself to be clearly stated. I regret that\nI did not, at the time, \"make a note of it,\" and that I cannot now refer to\nit, not having access to a copy of Bede: and I now mention it in hopes that\nsome of your correspondents may think it worth while to make it a subject\nof research.\n\nJ. MN.\n\n_Culprit, Origin of the Word._--Long ago I made this note, that this much\nused English word was of French extraction, and that it was \"_qu'il\nparuit_,\" from the short way the clerk of the court has of pronouncing his\nwords; for our pleadings were formerly in French, and when the pleadings\nwere begun, he said to the defendant \"_qu'il parait_\"--culprit; and as he\nwas generally culpable, the \"_qu'il parait_\" became a synonyme with\noffender.\n\nT.\n\nCambridge.\n\n    [Does not our ingenious correspondent point at the more correct origin\n    of _culprit_, when he speaks of the defendant being \"generally\n    _culpable?_\"]\n\n_Collar of SS._--In the volume of Bury Wills just issued by the Camden\nSociety, is an engraving from the decorations of the chantry chapel in St.\nMary's Church, Bury St. Edmund's, of John Baret, who died in 146-; in which\nthe collar is represented as SS in the upright form set on a collar of\nleather or other material. It is described in the will as \"my collar of the\nking's livery.\" John Baret, says the editor of the Wills, was a lay officer\nof the monastery of St. Edmund, probably treasurer, and was deputed to\nattend Henry VI. on the occasion of the king's long visit to that famed\nmonastic establishment in 14--.\n\nBURIENSIS.\n\n_The Singing of Swans._--\"It would,\" says Bishop Percy (Mallet's _North.\nAntiq._, ii. p. 72.), \"be a curious subject of disquisition, to inquire\nwhat could have given rise to so arbitrary and groundless a notion as the\nsinging of swans,\" {476} which \"hath not wanted assertors from almost every\nnation.\" (Sir T. Browne.)\n\n  \"Not in more swelling whiteness sails\n  Cayster's swan to western gales, [3]\n  When the melodious murmur sings\n  'Mid her slow-heav'd voluptuous wings.\"\n\nT.J.\n\n[Footnote 3: \"It was an ancient notion that the music of the swan was\nproduced by its wings, and inspired by the zephyr. See this subject,\ntreated with his accustomed erudition, by Mr. Jodrell, in his\n_Illustrations of the Ion of Euripides_.\"--Bulwer's _Siamese Twins_.]\n\n_Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs._--In consequence of the suggestion of\n[Greek: D.] (Vol. ii., p. 220.), I have applied to the owner of Sir T.\nHerbert's MS. account of the last days of Charles I., and the answer which\nI have received is as follows:\n\n    \"I found the first part of Sir Thos. Herbert's MS. (56 pages) is not in\n    the edition of Woods _Athenae_ Lord W. has; but I found a note in a\n    pedigree book, saying it was printed in 1702, 8vo. I suppose it can be\n    ascertained whether this is true.\"\n\nPerhaps some of your readers may know whether there is such a volume in\nexistence as that described by my friend.\n\nALFRED GATTY.\n\n_Portraits of Stevens and Cotton and Bunyan._--The plan of \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES\" appears well adapted to record the change of hands into which\nportraits of literary men may pass. I accordingly offer two to your notice.\n\nThe portrait of George Stevens, the celebrated annotator on Shakspeare, who\ndied in 1800, was bequeathed by him to a relative, Mrs. Gomm of Spital\nSquare; and at that lady's death, some years after, it passed, I have\nreason to expect, into the possession of her relative, Mr. Fince, of\nBishopsgate Street. I have no farther information of it.\n\nThe portrait of Charles Cotton, by Sir Peter Lely, was, at the time (1814)\nwhen Linnell took a copy, and (in 1836) when Humphreys took a copy, in the\npossession of John Berisford, Esq., of Compton House, Ashborne, Derbyshire;\nand the following extracts of letters will show who at present possesses\nit:--\n\n    \"Leek, 14th July, 1842.\n\n    \"After Mr. Berisford's decease, I should think the portrait of Cotton\n    would fall into the hands of his nephew Francis Wright, Esq., of Linton\n    Hall, near Nottingham.\n\n    I am, &c. &c\"\n\n    \"Linton Hall, Aug. 19. 1842.\n\n    \"Sir,--The Rev. J. Martin, of Trinity College, Cambridge, is the\n    possessor of the portrait of Cotton to which your letter alludes. I am,\n    Dear Sir,\n\n    \"Yours, in haste,\n\n    \"F. WRIGHT.\"\n\nI avail myself of the present opportunity to ask the authority for the\nportrait of Bunyan appended to his ever-fresh allegory. The engraved\nportrait I have has not the name of the painter.\n\nO.W.\n\n_Sonnet: Attempting to prove that Black is White._--\n\n  \"It has been said of many, they were quite\n    Prepared to prove (I do not mean in fun)\n  That white was really black, and black was white;\n    But I believe it has not yet been done.\n  Black (Saxon, Blac) in any way to liken\n    With _candour_ may seem almost out of reach;\n  Yet _whiten_ is in kindred German _bleichen_,\n    Undoubtedly identical with _bleach_:\n  This last verb's cognate adjective is _bleak_--\n    Reverting to the Saxon, _bleak_ is blaek. [4]\n  A semivowel is, at the last squeak,\n    All that remains such difference wide to make--\n  The hostile terms of keen antithesis\n  Brought to an _E plus ultra_ all but kiss!\"\n\nMEZZOTINTO.\n\n[Footnote 4: Pronounced (as _black_ was anciently written) _blake_.]\n\n_Nicholas Breton's Fantasticks_, 1626.--MR. HEBER says, \"Who has seen\nanother copy?\" In Tanner's Collection in the Bodleian Library is one copy,\nand in the British Museum is another, the latter from Mr. Bright's\nCollection.\n\nW.P.\n\n    [Another copy is in the valuable collection of the Rev. T. Corser. See\n    that gentleman's communication on Nicholas Breton, in our First Vol.,\n    p. 409.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQUERIES.\n\nTHE WISE MEN OF GOTHAM.\n\nAn ill-starred town in England seems to have enjoyed so unenviable a\nreputation for some centuries for the folly and stupidity of its\ninhabitants, that I am induced to send you the following Query (with the\nreasons on which it is founded) in the hope that some of your readers may\nbe able to help one to a solution.\n\nQuery: Why have the men of _Gotham_ been long famous for their extreme\nfolly?\n\nMy authorities are,--\n\n1. The Nursery Rhyme,--\n\n  \"Three wise men of _Gotham_\n  Went to sea in a bowl;\n  If the bowl had been stronger,\n  My story would have been longer.\"\n\n2. _Drunken Barnaby's Journal_ (edit. London, 1822, p. 25.), originally\nprinted 1774, London:\n\n  \"Veni _Gotham_, ubi multos\n  Si non omnes, vidi stultos,\n  Nam scrutando reperi unam\n  Salientem contra lunam\n  Alteram nitidam puellam\n  Offerentem porco sellam.\"\n\n  \"Thence to _Gotham_, where, sure am I,\n  If, _though_ not all fools, saw I many;\n  Here a she-bull found I prancing,\n  And in moonlight nimbly dancing;\n  There another wanton mad one,\n  Who her hog was set astride on.\"\n\n{477} 3. In the \"Life of Robin Hood\" prefixed to Ritson's _Collection of\nBallads concerning Robin Hood_ (People's edit. p. 27.), the following\nstory, extracted from _Certaine Merry Tales of the Madmen of Gottam_, by\nDr. Andrew Borde, an eminent physician, temp. Hen. VIII. (Black letter), in\nBodleian Library, occurs:--\n\n    \"There was two men of __Gottam_, and the one of them was going to the\n    market to Nottingham to buy sheepe, and the other came from the market;\n    and both met together upon Nottingham bridge. Well met, said the one to\n    the other. Whither be yee going? said he that came from Nottingham.\n    Marry, said he that was going thither, I goe to the market to buy\n    sheepe. Buy sheepe? said the other, and which way wilt thou bring them\n    home? Marry, said the other, I will bring them over this bridge. By\n    Robin Hood, said he that came from Nottingham, but thou shalt not. By\n    Maid Marrion, said he that was going thitherward, but I will. Thou\n    shalt not, said the one. I will, said the other. Ter here! said the\n    one. Shue there! said the other. Then they beat their staves against\n    the ground, one against the other, as there had been an hundred sheepe\n    betwixt them. Hold in, said the one. Beware the leaping over the bridge\n    of any sheepe, said the other. I care not, said the other. They shall\n    not come this way, said the one. But they shall, said the other. Then\n    said the other, and if that thou make much to doe, I will put my finger\n    in thy mouth. A t..d thou wilt, said the other. And as they were at\n    their contention, another man of _Gottam_ came from the market with a\n    sack of meale upon a horse, and seeing and hearing his neighbours at\n    strife for sheepe, and none betwixt them, said, Ah, fooles, will you\n    never learn wit? Helpe me, said he that had the meale, and lay my sacke\n    upon my shoulder. They did so and he went to the one side of the\n    bridge, and unloosed the mouth of the sacke, and did shake out all his\n    meale into the river. Now, neighbours, said the mall, how much meale is\n    there in my sacke now? Marry, there is none at all, said they. Now, by\n    my faith, said he, even as much wit as in your two heads, to strive for\n    that thing you have not. Which was the wisest of all these three\n    persons, judge you?\"\n\n4. Tom Coryat, in an oration to the Duke of York (afterwards Chas. I.),\ncalled _Crambe, or Colwarts twice sodden_ (London, 1611), has this\npassage:--\n\n    \"I came to Venice, and quickly took a survey of the whole model of the\n    city, together with the most remarkable matters thereof; and shortly\n    after any arrival in England I overcame any adversaries in the Town of\n    Evill, in my native county of Somersetshire, who thought to have sunk\n    me in a bargain of pilchards, as the _wise men of Gottam_ went about to\n    drown an eel.\"\n\n5. Dr. More's _Antidote against Atheism_, cap. ii. Sec. 14.:\n\n    \"But because so many bullets joggled together in a man's hat will\n    settle a determinate figure, or because the frost and wind will draw\n    upon doors and glass windows pretty uncouth streaks like feathers and\n    other fooleries which are to no use or purpose, try infer thence, that\n    all the contrivances that are in nature, even the frame of the bodies,\n    both of men and beasts, are from no other principle but the jumbling\n    together of the matter, and so because that this doth naturally effect\n    something, that is the cause of all things, seems to me to be reasoning\n    in the same mood and figure with that wise market man's, who, going\n    down a hill and carrying his cheeses under his arms, one of them\n    falling and trundling down the hill very fast, let the other go after\n    it appointing them all to meet him at his house at _Gotham_, not\n    doubting but they beginning so hopefully, would be able to make good\n    the whole journey; or like another of the same town, who perceiving\n    that his iron trevet he had bought had three feet, and could stand,\n    expected also that it should walk too, and save him the labour of the\n    carriage.\"\n\n6. Col. T. Perronet Thompson's Works, vol. ii. p. 236., _Anti-Corn-Law\nTracts_:--\n\n    \"If fooleries of this kind go on, _Gotham_ will be put in Schedule A.,\n    and the representation of Unreason transferred into the West Riding.\"\n\nJ.R.M., M.A.\n\nK.C.L. Nov. 26. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nHERSTMONCEUX CASTLE.\n\nCan you find an early place in your pages for the following Queries\nrelative to the history of Herstmonceux Castle and its lords, on which a\nmemoir is in preparation for the next volume of the collections of the\nSussex Archaeological Society.\n\n1. Who was Pharamuse of Boulogne, father of Sybil de Tingry? He is called\nthe _nephew_ of Maud, King Stephen's wife; but I believe there is no doubt\nthat she was the only child and sole heir of Eustace Earl of Boulogne,\nbrother of Godfrey, King of Jerusalem. Where is _Tingry_, of which place he\nwas lord? Is there any place in the North of France bearing that name now?\n\n2. Will any one well skilled in the interpretation of ancient legal\ndocuments furnish some explanation of the following extracts from the\n_Rotul. de Fin._ (Hardy, i. 19.):--\n\n    \"1199. William de Warburton and Ingelram de Monceux give 500 marks to\n    the king for having the inheritance of Juliana, wife of William, son of\n    Aymer, whose next of kin they say they are.\"\n\nYet six years later, 1205 (Hardy, i. 310 )--\n\n    \"Waleran de Monceux gives 100 marks for having the reasonable\n    (rationabilis) part of the inheritance of Juliana, as regards (versus)\n    Wm. de Warburton, William and Waleran being her next of kin.\"\n\nThis Waleran was son of Idonea _de Herst_ (now Herst Monceux), and appears\nin other documents as \"Waleran _de Herst_.\" The land in question was in\n_Compton_ (afterwards Compton _Monceux_), Hants.\n\nNow how are we to reconcile the two above-quoted documents? What was the\nconnexion {478} between Ingelram and Waleran? And how is Waleran's double\nappellation to be explained? I see a reference to a family named _de\nMounceaux_ in the last number of the _Archaeological Journal_, p. 300.,\nholding a manor near Hawbridge, Somerset Were they of the same stock?\n\n3. The magnificent monument in Herstmonceux church to Thomas Lord Dacre\n(who died 1534), and his eldest son, is embellished with a considerable\nnumber of coats of arms, several of which I am unable to identity with any\nconnexions of the family. These are,--(1.) Sable, a cross or; (2.) Barry of\nsix, ar. and az., a bend gules; (3.) Arg. a fesse gules; (4.) Quarterly or,\nand gules, an escarbuncle sable; (5.) Barry of six, arg. and gules; (6.)\nAzure, an orle of martlets or, on an inescutcheon arg. three bass gules.\n\nCan any of your readers, acquainted with the Dacre and Fienes pedigrees,\nappropriate any of these coats?\n\n4. A suite of small bed-rooms, and the gallery from which they opened, in\nHerstmonceux Castle, were called respectively the _Bethlem Chambers_ and\n_Bethlem Gallery_: is any instance of a similar denomination of apartments\nknown, and can the reason be assigned?\n\n5. Sir Roger Fienes, the builder of Herstmonceux Castle, accompanied Henry\nV. to Agincourt. Are any references to him to be found in Sir H. Nicolas'\n_Battle of Azincourt_, or elsewhere?\n\n6. Francis Lord Dacre was one of the noble twelve who had the courage to\nappear in their places in the House of Lords and reject the ordinance for\nthe trial of Charles I. His son Thomas, who married the daughter of Charles\nII. by the Duchess of Cleveland, and was created Earl of Sussex, was\ncompelled through his extravagance to alienate the castle and manor of\nHerstmonceux. Are there any references to either of these peers, who played\na not inconspicuous part in the events of their times, in any of the\ncontemporary memoirs? Any information on any of the above points would\ngreatly oblige\n\nE.V.\n\nHerstmonceux, Nov. 18.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMINOR QUERIES.\n\n_Yorkshire Ballads._--Any of your readers would confer a great favour by\nreferring me to any early Yorkshire ballads, or ballads relating to places\nin Yorkshire, not reprinted in the ordinary collections, such as Percy,\nEvans, &c. I am of course acquainted with those in the Roxburghe\ncollection.\n\nH.\n\n_Ringing a Handbell before a Corpse._--Is it true that whenever an\ninterment takes place in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, the corpse is\npreceded on its way to the grave by a person who rings a small handbell at\nintervals, each time giving a few tinkling strokes? My informant on this\nsubject was an Oxford undergraduate, who said that he had recently\nwitnessed the burials both of Mr. ----, a late student of Christ Church,\nand of Miss ----, daughter of a living bishop: and he assured me that in\nboth cases this ceremony was observed. Certainly it is possible to go\nthrough the academical course at Oxford without either hearing the bell, or\nknowing of its use on such occasions: but I should now be glad to receive\nsome explanation of this singular custom.\n\nA.G.\n\nEcclesfield.\n\n_Church of St. Saviour, Canterbury._--Tradition, I believe, has uniformly\nrepresented that an edifice more ancient, but upon the present site of St.\nMartin's, Canterbury, was used by St. Augustine and his followers in the\nearliest age of Christianity in this country. St. Martin's has, on that\naccount, been often spoken of as the mother-church of England. Lately,\nhowever, in perusing the fourth volume of Mr. Kemble's _Codex\nDiplomaticus_, p. 1. I find a charter of King Canute, of the year 1018,\nwhich states the church of ST. SAVIOUR, _Canterbury_, to be the\nmother-church of England:\n\n    \"AEcclesia Salvatoris in Dorobernia sita, omnium AEcclesiarum regni\n    Angligeni _mater et domina_.\"\n\nIn none of the histories of Kent or of Canterbury can I find any mention of\na church dedicated to St. Saviour. May I beg the favour of you to insert\nthis among your Notes?\n\nHENRY ELLIS.\n\n_Mock Beggar's Hall._--What is the origin of this name as applied to some\nold mansions? One at Wallasey, in Cheshire, was so named, and another near\nIpswich, in Suffolk. And what is the earliest instance of the title?\n\nBURIENSIS.\n\n_Beatrix Lady Talbot._--Since the publication of Sir Harris Nicolas' able\ncontribution to the _Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica_ (vol. i. pp.\n80-90.) no one may be excused for confounding, as Dugdale and his followers\nhad done, Beatrix Lady Talbot with Donna Beatrix, daughter of John, King of\nPortugal, to whom Thomas FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel, was married, 26th Nov.,\n1405. What I now wish to learn is, whether anything has since been\ndiscovered to elucidate further the pedigree of Lady Talbot? It is evident\nthat she was of Portuguese origin; and it may be inferred from the\nquarterings on her seal, as shown in a manuscript in the British Museum\n(1st and 4th arg., five escutcheons in cross az., each charged with five\nplates in saltire, for _Portugal_; and 2nd and 3rd az., five crescents in\nsaltire, or), that she was a member of the Portuguese family of Pinto,\nwhich is the only house in Portugal that bears the five crescents in\nsaltire, as displayed on the seal.\n\nSCOTUS.\n\n{479}\n\n_English Prize Essays._--Is there at present, in either of the\nuniversities, or elsewhere, any prize, medal, or premium given for English\nessays, for which all England could compete, irrespective of birth, place\nof education, &c.; and, if so, particulars as to where such could be\nobtained, would greatly oblige\n\nMODEST AMBITION.\n\n_Rev. Joseph Blanco White._--_History of the Inquisition._--In the Rev.\nJ.H. Thom's _Life of the Rev. Joseph Blanco White_ it is stated that he had\nmade a collection for a history of the Inquisition which he intended to\npublish; and in a batch of advertisements preceding the first volume of\nSmedley's _Reformed Religion in France_, published in 1832 by Rivingtons,\nas part of their Theological Library. I find an announcement of other works\nto be included in the series, and amongst others, already in preparation,\n_The Origin and Growth of the Roman Catholic Inquisition against Heresy and\nApostacy_; by Joseph Blanco White, M.A. I need not ask whether the work was\n_published_, for it is not to be found in the London Catalogue; but I wish\nto ask whether any portion of the work was ever placed in the publisher's\nhands, or ever printed; or whether he made any considerable progress in the\ncollection, and, if so, in whose hands the MSS. are? Such papers, if they\nexist, would probably prove of too much importance to allow of their\nremaining unpublished.\n\nIOTA.\n\n_Lady Deloraine._--The _Delia_ of Pope's line,\n\n  \"Slander or poison dread from _Delia's_ rage,\"\n\nis supposed to have been Lady Deloraine, who remarried W. Windam, Esq., of\nCarsham, and died in Oct., 1744. The person said to have been poisoned was\na Miss Mackenzie. Are the grounds of this strange suspicion known?\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n_Speke Family._--I shall be glad to ascertain the family name and the\narmorial bearings of Alice, wife of Sir John Speke, father of Sir John\nSpeke, founder of the chapel of St. George in Exeter Cathedral. She is said\nto have been maid of honour to Queen Catherine.\n\nJ.D.S.\n\n_Pope's Villa._--In Pope's _Literary Correspondence_, published by Curll,\nan engraving, is advertised of his (Pope's) Villa at Twickenham, engraved\nby Rysbrach and published by Curll. Are any of your correspondents aware of\nthe existence of a copy, and the price at which it can be obtained?\n\nC. BATHURST W.\n\n_Armorial Bearings._--Among the numerous coats-armorial in the great east\nwindow of the choir of Exeter Cathedral, there is one respecting which I am\nat a loss. Argent a cross between four crescents gules. Can either of your\nreaders kindly afford the name?\n\nJ.D.S.\n\n_Passage from Tennyson._--You have so many correspondents well versed in\nlore and legend, that I am induced to beg through you for an explanation of\nthe allusion contained in the following passage of Tennyson:--\n\n  \"Morn broaden'd on the borders of the dark,\n  Ere I saw her, who clasp'd in her last trance\n  Her murder'd father's head.\"\n\nIt occurs in the _Dream of Fair Women_, st. 67.\n\nW.M.C.\n\nCambridge.\n\n_Sauenap, Meaning of._--In the will of Jane Heryng, of Bury, 1419, occurs\nthis bequest:--\n\n    \"To Alyson my dowter, xl s. and ij pottys of bras neste the beste, and\n    a peyr bedys of blak _get_, and a grene hod, and a red hod, and a gowne\n    of violet, and another of tanne, and a towayll of diaper werk, and a\n    _sauenap_; also a cloke and rownd table.\"\n\nWhat was the _sauenap_?\n\nBURIENSIS.\n\n_Hoods worn by Doctors of the University of Cambridge._--Pray permit me to\ninquire, through your agency, what is the proper lining of the scarlet\ncloth hoods worn by doctors in the three faculties of the university of\nCambridge? The robe-makers of Cambridge have determined upon a pink or\nrose-coloured silk for all; the London artists adopt a shot silk (light\nblue and crimson) sometimes for all faculties, at others for Doctors in\nDivinity only. On ancient monuments (there is one in Canterbury Cathedral)\nI find that the hoods were lined with ermine; and this is the material of\nthose attached to the full-dress robes of doctors on the occasion of their\ncreation, and in the schools, and at congregations. I cannot find the\nstatutes bearing upon the subject.\n\nAs the Oxford statutes have recently been published, the matter is not so\nmuch in the dark,--black silk being the material prescribed for the lining\nof hoods of Doctors in Divinity, and those of the doctors in the other\nfaculties being prescribed to be of _silk of any intermediate colour_,\nwhich the Oxford doctors understand to mean a deep rose-colour.\n\nD.C.L.\n\nU. University Club, Dec. 4. 1850.\n\n_Euclid and Aristotle._--The ordinary chronologies place Aristotle as\nnearly a century anterior to Euclid; but Professor De Morgan (\"Eucleides,\"\nin Dr. Smith's _Biographical Dictionary_) considers them as contemporary.\nAny of your readers conversant with the subject will oblige me by saying\n_which_ is right, and likewise _why_ so.\n\nGEOMETRICUS.\n\n_Ventriloquism. Fanningus the King's Whisperer._--To the Query respecting\nBrandon the juggler (Vol. ii., p. 424.), I beg leave to add another\nsomewhat similar. Where is any information to be obtained of \"The King's\nWhisperer, [Greek: engastrimythos], nomine Fanningus, who resided at Oxford\nin 1643?\"\n\nT.J.\n\n{480}\n\n_Frances Lady Norton._--Can any of your readers give me an account of the\nlife of Frances Lady Norton, who wrote a work, entitled _The Applause of\nVirtue, in Four Parts, consisting of Divine and Moral Essays towards the\nobtaining of True Virtue_, 4to. 1705? It is a very delightful book, full of\npatristic learning. I am aware she was the daughter of Ralph Freke, Esq.,\nof Hannington, and married Sir George Norton, Knt. of Abbot's Leigh, in the\ncounty of Somerset. I wish to know what other books she wrote, if any, and\nwhere her life may be found? Perhaps the Freke family could furnish an\naccount of this learned lady. The work I believe to be extremely scarce.\n\nRICHARD HOOPER.\n\n_Westminster Wedding._--Jeremy Collier says, in one of his _Essays_ (Part\niii. Essay viii.):\n\n    \"As for the business of friendship you mentioned, 'tis not to be had at\n    a _Westminster Wedding_.\"\n\nBeing much interested in weddings in Westminster at the present day, I\nshould be much obliged to any of your readers who can throw any light on\nthe observation of the Essayist, as above cited. What other authors use the\nterm?\n\nR.H.\n\n_Stone's Diary._--Stone, the celebrated sculptor, left a valuable diary.\nThe MS. was in the possession of Vertue the engraver. Has it ever been\nprinted?\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n_Dr. King's Poem of The Toast._--Where can I find a key to Dr. King's\n_Heroic Poem_, called _The Toast?_ Isaac Reed's copy, with a _manuscript\nkey_, sold at his sale for 10l. 10s.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n_Anima Magis, &c._--To whom is this sentence to be ascribed--\n\n  \"Anima magis est ubi amat\n  Quam ubi animat.\"\n\nTYRO-ETYMOLOGICUS.\n\n_The Adventures of Peter Wilkins._--Is the author of this delightful work\nof fiction known? The first edition was published in 1751, but it does not\ncontain the dedication to Elizabeth, Countess of Northumberland, found in\nlater impressions. When was this dedication added? It is observable that in\nall the editions I have seen, the initials R.P. are signed to the\ndedication, while R.S. appears on the title-page.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n_Talmud, Translations of._--1. Have there been any English translations of\nthe Talmud, or any complete section of it? 2. What are the most esteemed\nContinental and Latin translations?\n\nS.P.H.T.\n\n_Torn by Horses._--What is the last instance in the history of France of a\nculprit being torn by horses? Jean Chatel, who attempted to assassinate\nHenri Quatre, suffered thus in 1595. (Crowe's _France_, i. 364.)\n\nED. S. JACKSON.\n\n_The Marks_ *, [obelus], [diesis], _&c._--What is the origin of the\nasterisk, obelus, &c., used for references to notes? When were they first\nused? What are their proper names?\n\nED. S. JACKSON.\n\nTotteridge, Herts, Oct. 23.\n\n_Blackguard._--Walking once through South Wales, we found an old woman by\nthe roadside selling a drink she called _blackguard_. It was composed of\nbeer and gin, spiced with pepper, and well deserved its name. Is this a\ncommon beverage in the principality?\n\nJ.W.H.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPLIES.\n\nCHURCH HISTORY SOCIETY.\n\nI am much obliged to your correspondent LAICUS for his inquiry respecting\nthe proposed Society (Vol. ii., p. 464). Will you allow me to express to\nhim my confident hope, that the proposed plan, or some modification of it\nby a committee (when one shall exist) may in due time be carried out. But\nthere seems to be no reason for haste; and in the formation of such body it\nis desirable to have as many avowed supporters to select from as possible.\nI do not think that the matter is much known yet, though I have to thank\nyou for a kind notice; and I need not tell some of your correspondents that\nI have received very encouraging letters. But, in truth, as I did not\nexpect any profit, or desire any responsibility as to either money or\nmanagement, and only wished to lay before the public an idea which had\nexisted in my own mind for some years, and which had obtained the sanction\nof some whom I thought competent judges; and as I had, moreover, published\npamphlets enough to know that a contribution of waste paper to any object\nis often one of the most costly, I did not feel myself called on to go to\nso much expense in advertising as I perhaps might have done if I had been\nspending the money of a society instead of my own. I sent but few copies;\nnone, I believe, except to persons with whom I had some acquaintance, and\nwhom I thought likely to take more or less interest in the subject.\n\nI trust, however, that the matter is quietly and solidly growing; and from\ncommunications which I have received, and resources on which I believe I\nmay reckon, I feel no doubt that if it were considered desirable, friends\nand money enough to set such a society going might be immediately brought\nforward. It is one advantage of the proposed plan, that it may be tried on\nalmost any scale. A society so constituted would NOT begin its existence\n{481} with great promises of returns to subscribers, and heavy engagements\nto printers, papermakers, and editors. Its only _necessary_ expenses would\nbe those of _management_; and if the society were very small, these\nexpenses would be so too. It is, indeed, hardly possible to imagine that\nthey should be such as not to leave something to be funded for future use,\nif they did not furnish means for immediate display; but it seems better to\nwait patiently until such real substantial support is guaranteed as may\nprevent all apprehension on that score.\n\nS.R. MAITLAND.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDEFENDER OF THE FAITH.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 442.)\n\nIt is quite startling to be told that the title of \"Defender of the Faith\"\nwas used by any royal predecessor of Henry VIII.\n\nSelden (_Titles of Honour_, ed 1631, p. 54) says:\n\n    \"The beginning and ground of that attribute of DEFENDER OF THE FAITH,\n    which hath been perpetually, in the later ages, added to the style of\n    the kings of England, (not only in the first person, but frequent also\n    in the second and in the third, as common use shows in the formality of\n    instruments of conveyance, leases and such like) is most certainly\n    known. It began in Henry the VIII. For he, in those awaking times, upon\n    the quarrel of the Romanists and Lutherans, wrote a volume against\n    Luther,\" &c.\n\nSelden then states the well-known occasion upon which this title was\nconferred, and sets out the Bull of Leo X. (then extant in the Collection\nof Sir Robert Cotton, and now in the British Museum), whereby the Pope,\n\"holding it just to distinguish those who have undertaken such pious\nlabours for defending the faith of Christ with every honour and\ncommendation,\" decrees that to the title of King the subjects of the royal\ncontroversialist shall add the title \"Fidei Defensori.\" The pontiff adds,\nthat a more worthy title could not be found.\n\nYour correspondent, COLONEL ANSTRUTHER, calls attention to the statement\nmade by Mr. Christopher Wren, Secretary of the Order of the Garter (A.D.\n1736), in his letter to Francis Peck, on the authority of the Register of\nthe Order in his possession; which letter is quoted by Burke (_Dorm. and\nExt. Bar._, iv. 408.), that \"King Henry VII. had the title Defender of the\nFaith.\" It is not found in any acts or instruments of his reign that I am\nacquainted with, nor in the proclamation on his interment, nor in any of\nthe epitaphs engraved on his magnificent tomb. (Sandford, _Geneal. Hist._)\nNor is it probable that Pope Leo X., in those days of diplomatic\nintercourse with England, would have bestowed on Henry VIII., as a special\nand personal distinction and reward, a title that had been used by his\nroyal predecessors.\n\nI am not aware that any such title is attributed to the sovereign in any of\nthe English records anterior to 1521; but that many English kings gloried\nin professing their zeal to defend the Church and religion, appears from\nmany examples. Henry IV., in the second year of his reign, promises to\nmaintain and defend the Christian religion (_Rot. Parl._, iii. 466.); and\non his renewed promise, in the fourth year of his reign, to defend the\nChristian faith, the Commons piously grant a subsidy (_Ibid._, 493.); and\nHenry VI., in the twentieth year of his reign, acts as keeper of the\nChristian faith. (_Rot. Parl._, v. 61.)\n\nIn the admonition used in the investiture of a knight with the insignia of\nthe Garter, he is told to take the crimson robe, and being therewith\ndefended, to be bold to fight and shed his blood for Christ's faith, the\nliberties of the Church, and the defence of the oppressed. In this sense,\nthe sovereign and every knight became a sworn defender of the faith. Can\nthis duty have come to be popularly attributed as part of the royal style\nand title?\n\nThe Bull of Leo X., which confers the title on Henry VIII. personally, does\nnot make it inheritable by his successors, so that none but that king\nhimself could claim the honour. The Bull granted two years afterwards by\nClement VII. merely confirms the grant of Pope Leo to the king himself. It\nwas given, as we know, for his assertion of doctrines of the Church of\nRome; yet he retained it after his separation from the Roman Catholic\ncommunion, and after it had been formally revoked and withdrawn by Pope\nPaul III. in the twenty-seventh year of Henry VIII., upon the king's\napostacy in turning suppressor of religious houses. In 1543, the\nReformation legislature and the Anti-papal king, without condescending to\nnotice any Papal Bulls, assumed to treat the title that the Pope had given\nand taken away as a subject of Parliamentary gift, and annexed it for ever\nto the English crown by the statute 35 Hen. VIII. c. 3., from which I make\nthe following extract, as its language bears upon the question:\n\n    \"Where our most dread, &c., lord the king, hath heretofore been, and is\n    justly, lawfully, and notoriously knowen, named, published, and\n    declared to be King of England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the\n    Faith, and the Church of England and also of Ireland, in earth supreme\n    head; and hath justly and lawfully used the title and name thereof as\n    to his Grace appertaineth. Be it enacted, &c., that all and singular\n    his Graces' subject, &c., shall from henceforth accept and take the\n    same his Majesty's style ... viz., in the English tongue by these\n    words, Henry the Eighth, by the grace of God King of England, France,\n    and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and of the Church of England, and\n    also of Ireland, in earth the supreme head; and that the said style,\n    &c., shall be, &c., united {482} and annexed for ever to the imperial\n    crown of his highness's realms of England.\"\n\nBy the supposed authority of this statute, and notwithstanding the\nrevocation of the title by Pope Paul III., and its omission in the Bull\naddressed by Pope Julius III. to Philip and Mary, that princess, before and\nafter her marriage, used this style, and the statute having, been\nre-established by 1 Eliz. c. 1., the example has been followed by her royal\nProtestant successors, who wished thereby to declare themselves Defenders\nof the Anti-papal Church. The learned Bishop Gibson, in his _Codex_ (i. 33,\nnote), treats this title as having commenced in Henry VIII. So do Blount,\nCowel, and such like authorities.\n\nWM. SIDNEY GIBSON.\n\nNewcastle-on-Tyne, Dec. 1850.\n\nP.S. Since writing the above, I have found (in the nineteenth volume of\n_Archaeologia_, pp. 1-10.) an essay by Mr. Alex. Luders on this very\nsubject, in which that able writer, who was well accustomed to examine\nhistorical records, refers to many examples in which the title \"Most\nChristian King\" was attributed to, or used by English sovereigns, as well\nas the kings of France; and to the fact, that this style was used by Henry\nVII., as appears from his contract with the Abbot of Westminster (Harl. MS.\n1498.). Selden tells us that the emperors had from early times been styled\n\"Defensores Ecclesiae;\" and from the instances cited by Mr. Luders, it\nappears that the title of \"Most Christian\" was appropriated to kings of\nFrance from a very ancient period; that Pepin received it (A.D. 755) from\nthe Pope, and Charles the Bald (A.D. 859) from a Council: and Charles VI.\nrefers to ancient usage for this title, and makes use of these words:\n\n    \"--nostrorum progenitorum imitatione--evangelicae\n    veritatis--DEFENSORES--nostra regia dignitas divino Christianae\n    religionis titulo gloriosius insignitur--.\"\n\nMr. Luders refers to the use of the words \"Nos zelo _fidei catholicae_,\ncujus sumus et erimus Deo dante _Defensores_, salubriter commoti\" in the\ncharter of Richard II. to the Chancellor of Oxford, in the nineteenth year\nof his reign, as the earliest introduction of such phrases into acts of the\nkings of England that he had met with. This zeal was for the condemnation\nof Wycliff's _Trialogus_. In the reign of Hen. IV. the writ \"De Haeretico\ncomburendo\" had the words \"Zelator justitia et fidei catholicae cultor;\" and\nthe title of \"Tres Chretien\" occurs in several instruments of Hen. VI. and\nEdw. IV. It appears very probable that this usage was the foundation of the\nstatement made by Chamberlayne and by Mr. Christopher Wren: but that the\ntitle of Defender of the Faith was used as part of the royal style before\n1521, is, I believe, quite untrue.\n\nW.S.G.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMEANING OF JEZEBEL.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 357.)\n\nThere appear to be two serious objections to the idea of your correspondent\nW.G.H. respecting the appearance of _Baal_ in this word: 1. The original\northography ([Hebrew: 'iyzebel]); whereas the name of the deity is found on\nall Phoenician monuments, where it enters largely into the composition of\nproper names, written [Hebrew: b`l]: and, 2. The fact of female names being\ngenerally on these same monuments (as tombstones and so forth) compounded\nof the name of a _goddess_, specially Astarth ([Hebrew: 'atiorit] or\n[Hebrew: `a]). I do not know that we have any example of a female name into\nwhich _Baal_ enters.\n\nThe derivation of the word appears to be that given by Gesenius (s.v.);\nthat it is compounded of the root [Hebrew: zabal] (habitavit, cohabitavit)\nand the negative [Hebrew: 'eiyn], and that its meaning is the same as\n[Greek: alochos], casta: comp. _Agnes_. _Isabel_, in fact, would be a name\nnearer the original than the form in which we have it.\n\nSC.\n\nCarmarthen, Oct. 29. 1850.\n\n_Jezebel._--W.G.H. has been misled by the ending _bel_. The Phoenician god\n_Bel_ or _Baal_ has nothing to do with this name,--the component words\nbeing _Je-zebel_, not _Jeze-bel_. Of the various explanations given, that\nof Gesenius (_Heb. Lex._, s. voc.) appears, as usual, the simplest and most\nrational. The name [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] (Jezebel) he derives from [Hebrew:\n'iy] (_i_) \"not\" (comp. I-chabod, \"In-glorious\") and [Hebrew: zabal]\n(zabal), \"to dwell, cohabit with.\"\n\nThe name will then mean \"without cohabitation,\" _i.e._ [Greek: alochos]\n(Plat. _Theaet._) \"chaste, modest.\" Comp. _Agnes_, _Katherine_, &c.\n\nLess satisfactory explanations may be found in Calmet's _Dictionary_, and\nthe _Cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature_, edited by Dr. Kitlo.\n\nR.T.H.G.\n\n_Jezebel._--The Hebrew spelling [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] presents so much\ndifficulty, that I fear such a derivation as W.G.H. wishes to obtain for\nthe name is not practicable by any known etymology. Nothing that I am aware\nof, either in Hebrew, Syriac, or Arabic, will help us. The nearest verb\nthat I can find is the Chaldee [Hebrew: 'aza'], signifying, \"to light a\nfire,\" parts of which occur two or three times in Dan. iii.; but I fear it\nwould be too daring a conjecture to interpret the name _quem Belus\naccendit_ on the strength of that verb's existence. At present I feel\nmyself obliged to take the advice of Winer, in his _Lexicon_, \"Satius est\nignorantiam fateri quam argutari.\"\n\n\"Nominis origo (he says) non liquet. Sunt qui interpretentur _non stercus_,\nColl. 2 Reg. ix. 27., inepte. {483} Simonis in Onom. dictum putat Ino\n[Hebrew: n'iy zebel], _mansio habitationis_ (habitatio tectissima);\nGesenius _cui nemo concubuit_, Coll. [Hebrew: zbl], Gen. xxx. 20. Sed\nsatius,\" &c.\n\nAdmitting that Hasdrubal is, in fact [Hebrew: `azrw beil], _Bel (was) his\nhelper_, we cannot possibly connect [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] with it.\n\n[Hebrew: b].\n\nL---- Rectory, Somerset.\n\n_Jezebel._--Your correspondent W.G.H. believes this word to be derivable\nfrom _Baal_. That the Phoenician word [Hebrew: ba`al] (Lord) makes a\ncomponent part of many Syrian names is well-known: but I do not think the\ncontracted form [Hebrew: beil], which was used by the Babylonians, is ever\nfound in any Syrian names. If we suppose the name [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] to be\nderived from [Hebrew: beil] or [Hebrew: ba`al], we must find a meaning for\nthe previous letters. Gesenius derives the name from [Hebrew: 'y], the\nnegative particle, [Hebrew: zbl], and gives it the sense of \"innuba\",\n_i.e._ \"pure,\" comparing it, as a female name, with the Christian Agnes.\nThere is but one passage, however, in Scripture which supports this\nsecondary sense of [Hebrew: zbl] properly, \"to be round,\" or, \"to make\nround,\" and then \"to dwell;\" from whence [Hebrew: zbwl], \"a dwelling or\nhabitation:\" also [Hebrew: zbwlwn], \"dwellings,\" the name which Leah gives\nto her sixth son, because she hopes that thenceforward her husband [Hebrew:\nyizbleiwiy], \"will dwell with me.\" (Gen. xxx. 20.) Gesenius considers this\nequivalent with \"cohabit;\" and from this single passage draws the sense\nwhich he assigns to [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] This seems rather far-fetched. I am,\nhowever, still inclined to give the sense of \"pure, unpolluted,\" to\n[Hebrew: 'iyzebel], but on different grounds.\n\n[Hebrew: zebel] has another sense, [Greek: kopros], particularly of camels,\nfrom the round form; and the word was common, in the later Hebrew, in that\nsense. Hence the evil spirit is called [Hebrew: ba`al-zbwl], a contemptuous\nname, instead of [Hebrew: ba`al-zbwb] = [Greek: Beelzeboul] instead of\n[Greek: Beelzeboub] (Matt. xii. 24.).\n\nThe negative of this word [Hebrew: 'iyzebel] might, without any great\nforcing of the literal sense, imply \"the undefiled,\" [Greek: Amiautos]; and\nthis conjecture is supported by comparing 2 Kings, ix. 37. with the same\nverse in the _Targum_ of Jonathan. They are as follows: (Heb.):\n\n  [Hebrew: wihayta niblat 'iyzebel krmen `al-pneiy hasreh]\n\nIn the _Targum_ thus:\n\n  [Hebrew: wtiheiy nibeiylta' r'iyzebel kzebel mbarar `al 'apeiy taqla':]\n\nIt is quite clear that the Targumists intended here a strong allusion to\nthe _original_ meaning of Jezebel's name; viz. that she who was named \"the\nundefiled\" should become as \"defilement.\" I am not sure whether a\ndisquisition of this kind may be considered irrelevant to your work; but as\nthe idea seems not an improbable one to some whose judgment I value, I\nventure to send it.\n\nE.C.H.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSOCINIAN BOAST.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 375.).\n\nOne of your correspondents, referring to the lines lately quoted by Dr.\nPusey--\n\n  \"Tota jacet Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus,\n  Calvinus muros, sed fundamenta Socinus.\"\n\ninquires \"by what Socinian writer\" are these two hexameter verses used ?\n\nIn reply, I beg to remark that by \"Socinian\" is, I suppose, meant\n\"Unitarian,\" for even the immediate converts of Socinus refused to be\ncalled Socinians, alleging that their belief was founded on the teaching of\nJesus Christ; and modern Unitarians, disowning all human authority in\nreligious matters, cannot take to themselves the name of Socinus.\n\nThe distich, however, appears to have been in use among the Polish\nUnitarians shortly after the death of Faustus Socinus, as respectfully\nexpressive of the exact effect which they conceived that he had produced in\nthe religious world. Mr. Wallace, in his _Antitrinitarian Biography_, vol.\niii. p. 323., states that it is \"the epitaph said to have been inscribed on\nthe tomb of Faustus Socinus.\" Mr. Wallace's authority for this assertion I\nhave not been able to discover. Bock (_Hist. Antitrinitariorum_, vol. iii.\np. 725.), whom Mr. Wallace generally follows, observes that the adherents\nof Faustus Socinus were accustomed to use these lines \"respecting his\ndecease,\" (qui de ejus obitu canere soliti sunt). This would seem to imply\nthat the lines were composed not long after the death of Faustus Socinus.\nProbably they formed originally a part of poem written as a eulogy on him\nby some minister of the Unitarian church. The case would not be without a\nparallel.\n\nThree versions of the distich are before me; that cited by Dr. Pusey, and\nthe two which follow:--\n\n  \"Alta ruit Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus,\n  Muros Calvinus, sed fundamenta Socinus.\"\n                  Fock, _Socinianismus_, vol. i. p. 180.\n\n  \"Tota ruet Babylon; destruxit tecta Lutherus,\n  Muros Calvinus, sed fundamenta Socinus.\"\n                  Bock, _ut supra_.\n\nWhich is the original? Bock's reading has the preference in my mind,\nbecause he is known to have founded his history on the results of his own\npersonal investigations among the manuscripts as {484} well as the printed\ndocuments of the Polish Unitarian Churches. Besides, if, as there is reason\nto believe, the lines were composed shortly after the death of F. Socinus,\n_ruet_ (_will_ fall) would now correctly describe what, at so small a\ndistance from the days of Luther and Calvin, may be supposed to have been\nthe feeling among the Polish Unitarians; whereas Dr. Pusey's _jacet_ (lies\nlow, in the _present_ tense) does as certainly partake somewhat of the\ngrandiloquent. That no \"boast,\" however, was intended, becomes probable,\nwhen we consider that the distich was designed to convey a feeling of\nreverence towards Socinus rather than an insult to Rome.\n\nJOHN R. BEARD.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.\n\n_The Koenigs-stuhl at Rheuze_ (Vol. ii., p. 442.).--DR. BELL, who inquires\nfor an engraving of the old _Koenigs_ or _Kaisers-stuhl_, at Rheuze, is\nreferrred to the _History of Germany, on the Plan of Mrs. Markham's\nHistories_, published by Murray, where, on the 188th page, he will find a\nvery neat woodcut of this building, which we are told was destroyed in\n1807, and rebuilt after the original model in 1843. It is of an octagon\nform, supported by pillars, with seven stone seats round the sides for the\nelectors, and one in the centre for the emperor.\n\nM.H.G.\n\n    [The woodcuts of this work deserve especial commendation, being\n    accurate representations of objects of historical interest, instead of\n    the imaginative illustrations too often introduced into works which\n    claim to represent the truth of history. Many of the engravings, such\n    as that of the _room in which the Council of Constance was held_, and\n    the _Cages of the Anabaptists_ attached to the tower of _St. Lambert's\n    Church, Munster_, are, we have understood, copied from original\n    sketches placed at Mr. Murray's disposal for the purpose of being used\n    in the work in question.]\n\n_Mrs. Tempest_ (Vol. ii., p. 407.).--This lady was one of the two daughters\nof Henry Tempest, Esq., of Newton Grange, Yorkshire (son of Sir John\nTempest of Tong Hall, who was created a baronet in 1664), by his wife\nAlathea, daughter of Sir Henry Thompson of Marston, co. York. She died\nunmarried in 1703. As the Daphne of Pope's pastoral \"Winter,\" inscribed to\nher memory, she is celebrated in terms which scarcely bear out the remark\nof your correspondent, that the poet \"has no special allusion to her.\"\n\nJ.T. HAMMACK.\n\n_Calendar of Sundays in Greek and Romish Churches._--In reply to M.'s\nQuery, I beg to inform him, that to find a calendar of _both_ the above\nchurches, he need seek no further than the _Almanach de Gotha_ for the year\n1851. He will there find what he wants, on authority no doubt sufficient.\n\nD.C.\n\n_The Conquest_ (Vol. ii., p. 440).--I do not agree with L. in thinking that\nthe modern notion, that this word means \"a forcible method of acquisition,\"\nis an erroneous one; but have no doubt that, whatever its original\nderivation may be, it was used in that sense. If William I. never pretended\n\"to annex the idea of victory to conquisition,\" it is certain that his son\nWilliam II. did: for we find a charter of his in the _Monasticon_ (ed.\n1846), vol. vi. p. 992., confirming a grant of the church of St. Mary of\nAndover to the abbey of St. Florence, at Salmur, in Anjou, in which there\nis the following recital:\n\n  \"Noscant qui sunt et qui futuri sunt, quod Willielmus\n  rex, qui _armis Anglicam terram sibi subjugavit_,\n  dedit.\" &c.\n\nIf this charter was granted by William I., under whom Dugdale has placed it\nin his _Chronica Series_, p. 1., _nomine Baldric_, the argument is so much\nthe stronger; but I have endeavored to prove by internal evidence (_Judges\nof England_, vol. i. p. 67.) that it is a charter of William II.\n\nEDWARD FOSS.\n\n_Thruscross_ (Vol. ii., p. 441.).--In a sermon preached at the funeral of\nLady Margaret Mainard, at Little Easton, in Essex, June 30, 1682, by Bishop\nKen, he says:\n\n    \"The silenced, and plundered, and persecuted clergy she thought worthy\n    of double honour, did vow a certain sum yearly out of her income, which\n    she laid aside, only to succour them. The congregations where she then\n    communicated, were those of the Reverend and pious Dr. Thruscross and\n    Dr. Mossom, both now in heaven, and that of the then Mr. Gunning, the\n    now most worthy Bishop of Ely, for whom she ever after had a peculiar\n    veneration.\"\n\n    \"My last son Izaak, borne the 7th of September, 1651, at halfe an houre\n    after two o'clock in the afternoone, being Sunday, and he was baptized\n    that evening by Mr. Thruscross, in my house in Clerkenwell. Mr. Henry\n    Davison and my brother Beacham were his godfathers, and Mrs. Roe his\n    godmother.\"--_Izaak Walton's Entry in his Prayer Book._\n\nPeckhard, in his _Life of Nicholas Ferrar_, p. 213., quotes Barwick's Life,\nOley, Thruscross, and Thorndike.\n\nW.P.\n\n_Osnaburgh Bishopric_ (Vol. ii., pp. 358. 447.).--The succession to this\nbishopric was regulated by the Treaty of Westphalia, in 1648. By virtue of\nthat treaty the see of Osnaburgh is alternately possessed by a Romish and a\nProtestant prince; and when it comes to the turn of a Protestant, it is to\nbe given to a younger son of the house of Hanover. The _Almanach de Gotha_\nwill most probably supply the information who succeeded the late Duke of\nYork. Looking at the names of the titular bishops of Osnaburgh, it may be\ninferred that the duties attached to the see are confined to its\ntemporalities.\n\nJ.T. HAMMACK.\n\n{485} _Nicholas Ferrar_ (Vol. ii., pp. 119. 407. 444.).--The libellous\npamphlet, entitled _The Arminian Nunnery at Little Gidding_, is printed\nentire in the Appendix to Hearne's Preface to Langtoft. One of the\nHarmonies of the Life of Christ is in the British Museum, and another at\nSt. John's College, Oxford (Qy.) (See the list of MSS. once at Gidding,\nPeckhard, p. 306.) N. Ferrar published and wrote the preface to Herbert's\n_Temple_, 1633,--and translated Valdesso's _Divine Considerations_, Camb.\n1646.\n\nW.P.\n\n_Butchers' Blue Dress_ (Vol. ii., p. 266.).--A blue dress does not show\nstains of blood, inasmuch as blood, when dry, becomes of a blue colour. I\nhave always understood this to be the explanation of this custom.\n\nX.Z.\n\n_Chaucer's Portrait by Occleve_ (Vol. ii., p. 442.).--This portrait is\nengraved in Strutt's _Regal and Ecclesiastical Antiquities_.\n\nJ.I.D.\n\n    [And we may add, in the edition of Tyrwhitt's _Canterbury Tales_,\n    published by Pickering--ED.]\n\n_Chaucer's Portrait_ (Vol. ii., p. 442.).--His portrait, from Occleve's\npoem, has been engraved in octavo and folio by Vertue. Another, from the\nHarleian MS., engraved by Worthington, is in Pickering's edition of\nTyrwhitt's _Chaucer_. Occleve's poem has not been printed; but see Ritson's\n_Biblioth. Poetica_, and Warton's _H.E.P._ A full-length portrait of\nChaucer is given in Shaw's _Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages_;\nanother, on horseback, in Todd's _Illustrations of Gower and Chaucer_.\n\nW.P.\n\n_Lady Jane of Westmoreland_ (Vol. i., p. 103.).--I think your correspondent\nQ.D. is wrong in his supposition that the two following entries in Mr.\nCollier's second volume of _Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers'\nCompany_ refer to a composition by Lady Jane of Westmoreland:--\n\n    \"1585-6. Cold and uncoth blowes, of the Lady Jane of Westmorland.\n\n    1586-7. A songe of Lady Jane of Westmorland.\"\n\nMy idea is, that the ballad (for Mr. Collier thinks that both entries\nrelate to one production) was merely one of those metrical ditties sung\nabout the streets of London depicting the woes and sufferings of some\nunfortunate lady. The question is, who was this \"unfortunate lady?\" She was\nthe wife of Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland, who was attainted about the year\n1570, and died in Flanders anno 1584. I learn this from a MS. of the\nperiod, now before me, entitled _Some Account of the Sufferinges of the\nLadye Jane of Westmorlande, who dyed in Exile. By T.C._ Perhaps at some\nfuture time I may trouble your readers with an account of this highly\ninteresting MS.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n_Gray and Dodsley._--As the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT has repeated his Queries on\nGray and Dodsley, I must make a second attempt to answer them with due\nprecision, assured that no man is more disposed than himself to communicate\ninformation for the satisfaction of others.\n\n1. _Gray_: In the first edition of the _Elegy_ the epithet in question is\n_droning_; and so it stands in the _Poems of Gray_, as edited by himself,\nin 1753, 1768, &c.\n\n2. _Dodsley_: The first edition of the important poetical miscellany which\nbears his name was published in 1748, in three volumes, 12mo.\n\nBOLTON CORNEY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMISCELLANEOUS.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.\n\n_The New Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and History_, may be\nconsidered as the third in that important series of Classical Dictionaries\nfor which the world is indebted to the learning of Dr. Smith. As the\npresent work is distinguished by the same excellencies which have won for\nthe _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_, and the _Dictionary of\nGreek and Roman Biography and Mythology_, the widely-spread reputation they\nenjoy, we shall content ourselves with a few words explanatory of the\narrangement of a work which, it requires no great gift of prophecy to\nforetell, must ere long push Lempriere from its stool. The present\nDictionary may be divided into three portions. The Biographical, which\nincludes all the historical names of importance which occur in the Greek\nand Roman writers, from the earliest times down to the extinction of the\nWestern Empire; those of all Greek and Roman writers, whose works are\neither extant or known to have exercised an influence upon their respective\nliteratures; and, lastly, those of all the more important artists of\nantiquity. In the Mythological division may be noticed first, the\ndiscrimination, hitherto not sufficiently attended to, between the Greek\nand Roman mythology, and which in this volume is shown by giving an account\nof the Greek divinities under their Greek names, and the Roman divinities\nunder their Latin names; and, secondly, what is of still more consequence,\nthe care to avoid as far as possible all indelicate allusions in the\nrespective histories of such divinities. Lastly, in the Geographical\nportion of the work, and which will probably be found the most important\none, very few omissions will be discovered of names occurring in the chief\nclassical writers. This brief sketch of the contents of this _New Classical\nDictionary_ will satisfy our readers that Dr. Smith has produced a volume,\nnot only of immense value to those who are entering upon their classical\nstudies, but one which will be found a most useful handbook to the scholar\nand the more advanced student.\n\n_The Greek Church, A Sketch_, is the last of the Shilling Series in which\nMr. Appleyard has described {486} the different sections of Christendom,\nwith a view to their ultimate reunion. Like its predecessors, the volume is\namiable and interesting, but being historical rather than doctrinal, is\nscarcely calculated to give the uninformed reader a very precise view of\nthe creed of the Greek Church. It may serve, however, to assure us that the\nacrimony of religious discussion and the mutual jealousy of Church and\nState, which disquiets so many minds at present, was more than matched in\nthe days of Constantine and Athanasius.\n\nThe last part of the _Transactions of the Academy of Sciences_ of Berlin\ncontains two papers by Jacob Grimm, which will doubtless be perused with\ngreat interest in this country. The one on the ancient practice of burning\nthe bodies of the dead (_Ueber das Verbrennen der Leichen_) will be of\nespecial interest to English antiquaries; but the other, from its connexion\nwith the great educational questions which now occupy so much of public\nattention, will probably be yet more attractive. It is entitled, _Ueber\nSchuele Universitaet Academie_. Separate copies of these Essays may be\nprocured from Messrs. Williams and Norgate.\n\nMessrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson (Wellington Street, Strand) will sell on\nMonday next and two following days the valuable Dramatic and Miscellaneous\nLibrary of the late John Fullarton, Esq., which contains an extensive\ncollection of the early editions of the Old English Dramatists.\n\nWe have received the following Catalogues:--Bernard Quaritch's (16. Castle\nStreet, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 21. for 1850, of Antiquarian,\nHistorical, Heraldic, Numismatic, and Topographical Books; William Heath's\n(291/2, Lincoln Inn Fields) Catalogue No. 6. for 1850, of Valuable\nSecond-hand Books; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List of very Cheap Books.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nLAW'S LETTERS TO BISHOP HOADLEY.\n\nMILLES, REV. ISAAC, ACCOUNT OF THE LIFE AND CONVERSATION OF, 1721.\n\nBRAY, REV. T., PUBLIC SPIRIT ILLUSTRATED IN THE LIFE AND DESIGNS OF, 8vo.\n1746.\n\nHUET'S COMMERCE OF THE ANCIENTS, 1717.\n\nVINCE'S ASTRONOMY, 3 Vols. 1808.\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.\n\nJEEDEE. _Notwithstanding Dr. Parr's assertion to the contrary, the _MALLEUS\nMALEFICARUM_ is by no means an uncommon book, as may be seen by a reference\nto Gruesse _(Bibliotheca Magica, p. 32.)_, where upwards of a dozen editions\nare enumerated, and a table of its contents may be seen. The work has been\nvery fully analysed in the second volume of Horst's Daemonomagie, and, if we\nremember rightly, its history is told by Soldan in his _Gesch. der\nHexenprocesse.\n\nR.H. (Trin. Coll. Dub.) _will see that it is impossible to adopt his kind\nsuggestion without spoiling the uniformity of the work. We have a bound\ncopy of our First Volume now before us, and can assure him that, although\nthe margin is necessarily narrow the book has not been spoilt by the\nbinder._\n\nJ.S. Nortor _or _Nawter_ is only the provincial mode of pronouncing\n_neatherd_. The _Nolt_ market is the ancient name of a street in\nNewcastle--the cattle-market. See Brockett's _Gloss. of North Country\nWords_, s.v. _NOWT_ or _NOLT.\n\nA.H. (Stoke Newington). \"Limbeck\" _is used by Shakspeare for _\"Alembic;\"_\nand in the passage in Macbeth_,--\n\n  \"That memory, the warder of the brain,\n  Shall be a fume, and the receipt of reason\n  A limbeck only.\"\n\nReceipt _is used in the sense of _receptacle_; and (we quote from one of\nthe commentators)_, \"The _limbeck_ is the vessel through which distilled\nliquors pass into the recipients. So shall it be with memory, through which\nevery thing shall pass, and nothing remain.\"\n\nDJEDALEME TEBEYR. _Some of our correspondent's articles would, we have no\ndoubt, have appeared ere this, but for the difficulty of deciphering his\nhandwriting. Our correspondents little know how greatly they would\nfacilitate our labours by writing more legibly._\n\n_Errata._--P. 406, col. 2. l. 45, for \"vingto\" read \"MSto;\" l. 48, for\n\"indefe_n_sus\" read \"indefe_s_sus.\" P. 469, col. 1. lines 44, 50, and 53,\nfor \"Litt_ers_\" read \"Litt_us_.\"\n\nIn the advertisement of Mr. Appleyard's _Greek Church_, in our last Number,\np. 471, for \"Darling, Great _Cullen_ Street,\" read \"Darling, Great _Queen_\nStreet.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nLabitzky's quadrille of all nations, dedicated by special permission to\nH.R.H. Prince Albert, performed Eighteen consecutive Nights at the GRAND\nNATIONAL CONCERTS, and invariably encored twice or three times nightly\n_[some words illegible]_ 4s.; Piano Duet, 6s., Orchestra, 8s. On Order of\nall good Music-sellers, and of the Publishers, MESSRS. R. COCKS AND CO.,\nNew Burlington Street, London, Publishers to Her Most Gracious Majesty.\n\nN.B.--Just published, COCKS'S MUSICAL MISCELLANY, for October, November,\nand December. 2d. each; stamped 3d. each.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDR. WORDSWORTH'S TREATISE ON THE CHURCH, SIXTH EDITION.\n\nIn crown 8vo., price 8s. 6d., the Sixth Edition of THEOPHILUS ANGLICANUS;\nor, Instruction concerning the CHURCH, and the Anglican Branch of it. For\nthe Use of Schools, Colleges, and Candidates for Holy Orders. By CHR.\nWORDSWORTH, D.D., Canon of Westminster.\n\nRIVINGTON, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; Of whom may be had,\n\n1. ELEMENTS OF INSTRUCTION CONCERNING THE CHURCH. By the SAME AUTHOR. 3s.\n6d.\n\n2. CATECHESIS; or, Christian Instruction preparatory to CONFIRMATION, and\nFIRST COMMUNION. By the Rev. CHARLES WORDSWORTH, M.A. 5s. 6d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nForeign books gratis and post free.--A CATALOGUE of very Cheap Second-hand\nFOREIGN BOOKS, in all European Languages, has just been issued by FRANZ\nTHIMM, Foreign Bookseller, (German Circulating Library), 88. New Bond\nStreet. The Catalogue will be forwarded to those who will favour MR. THIMM\nwith their addresses.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{487} NOW READY,\n\nCHOICE EXAMPLES OF ART-WORKMANSHIP, IN GOLD, SILVER, STEEL, BRONZE, IVORY,\nWOOD, GLASS, LEATHER, EARTHENWARE, &c.\n\nUPWARDS OF SIXTY EXAMPLES SELECTED FROM THE EXHIBITION OF ANCIENT AND\nMEDIAEVAL ART AT THE SOCIETY OF ARTS, DRAWN AND ENGRAVED UNDER THE\nSUPERINTENDENCE OF PHILIP DE LA MOTTE.\n\nElegantly Bound in Cloth, with Gilt Bosses, in fac-simile of an Ancient\nVenetian Binding.\n\n  Imperial Octavo, bound in cloth with bosses ... L1 5 0\n  Ditto coloured and gilt, bound in morocco   ... L4 4 0\n  Large Paper, bound in cloth with bosses     ... L3 3 0\n  Ditto coloured and gilt, bound in morocco   ... L6 6 0\n\n*** _A few Vellum Copies will be printed to Order only. These will be most\ncarefully Illuminated and finished by_ MR. DE LA MOTTE, _Bound in Velvet,\nprice Twelve Guineas._\n\nLONDON: CUNDALL AND ADDEY, 21. Old Bond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nVALUABLE LIBRARY OF THE LATE JAMES BROWN.\n\nMESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY & JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneer of Literary Property\nand Works Illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their\nHouse, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on FRIDAY, December 20, 1850, and\nfollowing day, at One o'clock precisely, the VALUABLE LIBRARY of the late\nJAMES BROWN, Esq., for many years a Clerk in the General Post Office,\ncomprising Comte Lamberg, Collection des Vases Grecs, expliquee et publiee\npar La Borde, 2 vols., a beautiful and interesting work; La Borde, Voyage\nPittoresque en Autriche, 3 vols., plates finely coloured; La Borde,\nDescripcion de un Pavimento de Mosayco, with coloured plates; the Fine\nPicturesque Works of Coney, Neale, Haghe, Lawis, Mueller, Nash, and Wilkie,\nall fine and picked sets, complete; an Interesting Collection of\nIllustrious and Noble Foreigners, arranged in 5 vols.; Genealogical\nIllustrations of the Ancient Family of Gruee, a splendid Heraldic\nManuscript, written by P. Absalom, Esq.; Dugdale, History of St. Paul's,\nfine copy, illustrated with extra portraits; Illustrations of the Noble\nfamily of Howard, finely emblazoned by P. Absalom, illustrated with upwards\nof seventy scarce portraits of the family; Lysons, Magna Britannia, 8 vols.\nin 9; Equestrian Portraits of the Family of Nassau and Orange, the Fine\nWork on Early German Stained Glass, published by Weale; Chalmers, General\nBiographical Dictionary, 32 vols. half russia; Lodge, Portraits of\nIllustrious Persons, 12 vols.; Neale. Views of the Seats in Great Britain;\nSir W. Scott, Novels and Tales, 25 vols., fine copy, in calf, marbled\nleaves; Shaw, General Zoology, coloured plates, 30 vols.\n\nTo be viewed two days prior, and Catalogues had; if in the Country, on\nreceipt of Six Postage Stamps.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMR. DOYLE'S CHRISTMAS BOOK.\n\nTHE STORY OF JACK AND THE GIANTS.\n\nWith Forty Illustrations by RICHARD DOYLE. Engraved by G. and E. DALZIEL.\nSmall 4to., price 2s. 6d. ornamental wrapper; 3s. 6d. cloth; coloured, gilt\nedges, 6s.\n\nCUNDALL AND ADDEY, 21. Old Bond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJOURNAL FRANCAIS, publie a Londres.--Le COURRIER de l'EUROPE, fonde en\n1840, paraissant le Samedi, donne dans chaque numero les nouvelles de la\nsemaine, les meilleurs articles de tous les journaux de Paris, la Semaine\nDramatique par Th. Gautier ou J. Janin, la Revue de Paris par Pierre\nDurand, et reproduit en entier les romans, nouvelles, etc., en vogue par\nles premiers ecrivains de France. Prix 6d.\n\nLondon: JOSEPH THOMAS, 1. Finch Lane.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTREATMENT OF THE INSANE--TESTIMONIAL to DR. CONNOLLY.--Subscribers' Names\nand Subscriptions received by the Secretaries at 12. Old Burlington Street.\nPost office Orders should be made payable at the Post-office, Piccadilly,\nto one of the Secretaries.\n\nJOHN FORBES, M.D., RICHARD FRANKUM, Secretaries.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFAC-SIMILES.\n\nASHBEE AND TUCKETT, LITHOGRAPHERS, &c., 18. Broad Court, Long Acre, beg\nrespectfully to draw attention to their Establishment for the Execution of\nANCIENT AND MODERN FAC-SIMILES, both Plain and in Colours, comprising\nAutographs, Charters, Deeds, Drawings, Illuminations, Title Pages,\nWoodcuts, &c., which they produce with the utmost fidelity and exactness,\nalso without the slightest injury to the Original. Specimens may be\ninspected at the Offices, or will be forwarded on Application.\n\nEvery Description of Plain and Ornamental LITHOGRAPHY executed with the\ngreatest attention and punctuality.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPrice 1d., or 5s. per Hundred for Distribution\n\nWESTMINSTER AND DR. WISEMAN; or, FACTS _v._ FICTION, \"Speaking the Truth in\nLove.\"--_Ephes._ iv. 15. By WILLIAM PAGE WOOD, Esq., M.P., Q.C. Reprinted\nfrom _The Times_, with an Advertisement on the subject of the WESTMINSTER\nSPIRITUAL AID FUND, and more especially on the Duty and Justice of applying\nthe Revenues of the suspended Stalls of the Abbey for the adequate\nEndowment of the District Churches in the immediate neighbourhood.\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; MESSRS. RIVINGTON'S, St. Paul's\nChurch-yard, and Waterloo Place; and THOMAS HATCHARD, 187. Piccadilly; and\n_by Order_ of all Booksellers.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCHOICE COLLECTION OF AUTOGRAPHS OF THE LATE S. GEORGE CHRISTISON,\nESQ.--THREE DAYS' SALE.\n\nPUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioners of Literary Property, will Sell by Auction\nat their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on Thursday, Dec. 19, and two\nfollowing days, the very choice Collection of Autograph Letters of the late\nS. George Christison, Esq., including specimens of great rarity and\ncuriosity, and of high literary and historical interest, in fine condition,\nmostly selected from the collection of the late William Upcott, Esq., and\nthe various celebrated collections dispersed by us. Catalogues will be sent\non application.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n{488}\n\nNEW BOOKS.\n\nTHE CHURCH A FAMILY. Twelve Sermons on the Occasional Services of the\nPrayer Book, preached at Lincoln's Inn, by F.D. MAURICE, M.A., Professor of\nDivinity in King's College. 4s. 6d.\n\nCORRESPONDENCE OF SIR ISAAC NEWTON AND PROFESSOR COTES, including Letters\nof other Eminent Men, now first published from the originals in the Library\nof Trinity College, Cambridge; with other unpublished Letters and Papers by\nNewton. With Synoptical View of Newton's Life, Notes, and a variety of\nDetails, Illustrative of his History. Edited by J. EDLESTON, M.A., Fellow\nof Trinity College, Cambridge. Octavo, with a Portrait of Sir Isaac Newton,\nfrom the Original Drawing in the Pepysian Collection at Cambridge. 10s.\n\nSHIPWRECKS OF THE ROYAL NAVY, between 1793 and 1849. Compiled principally\nfrom Official Documents in the Admiralty. By W.O.S. GILLY. With a Preface\nby W.S. GILLY, D.D., Canon of Durham. Post 8vo. 7s. 6d.\n\nANSCHAR: a STORY OF THE NORTH. By RICHARD JOHN KING. 7s.\n\nCHANCE AND CHOICE: or, the Education of Circumstances. Two Tales: 1. The\nYoung Governess.--2. Claudine de Soligny. Post 8vo.\n\nCOMPTON MERIVALE: Another Leaf from the Lesson of Life. By the Author of\n\"Brampton Rectory.\" A COMPANION VOLUME. 8s. 6d.\n\nLIFE OF JAMES DAVIES, a Village Schoolmaster. By SIR THOMAS PHILLIPS. With\na Portrait and Woodcuts. Foolscap 8vo. 3s. 6d.\n\nMEMOIR OF JOHN CARTER. BY W.J. DAMPIER, Vicar of Coggeshall. Post 8vo. With\nIllustrations. 5s.\n\nAN EXPOSITION OF THE XXXIX. ARTICLES, HISTORICAL AND THEOLOGICAL. By E.\nHAROLD BROWNE, M.A., Vicar of Kenwyn; Late Vice-Principal of Lampeter. To\nbe completed in Two Volumes, 8vo. Vol. I. 10s. 6d.\n\nCLASSICAL EXAMINATION PAPERS OF KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON. By R.W. BROWNE,\nM.A., Professor of Classical Literature in King's College. Foolscap 8vo.\n6s.\n\nCOMMENTARY ON THE EPISTLE OF PAUL THE APOSTLE TO THE ROMANS. With a NEW\nTRANSLATION, and Explanatory Notes. By W.W. EWBANK, M.A., Incumbent of St.\nGeorge's Church, Everton. To be completed in Two Volumes. Post 8vo. Vol. I.\n5s. 6d.\n\nNEW EDITIONS.\n\nARCHBISHOP WHATELY'S ELEMENTS OF LOGIC. Reprinted from the Ninth (Octavo)\nEdition. With all the Author's Additions. Crown 8vo. 4s. 6d.\n\nARCHBISHOP WHATELY'S ELEMENTS OF RHETORIC. Reprinted from the Seventh\n(Octavo) Edition. With all the Author's Additions. Crown 8vo. 4s. 6d.\n\nCopies of the Demy Octavo Editions of ARCHBISHOP WHATELY'S LOGIC and\nRHETORIC (price 10s. 6d. each), printed uniformly with the Author's other\nWorks, may still be had.\n\nMR. J.S. MILL'S SYSTEM OF LOGIC. Third and Cheaper Edition. Two Volumes,\n8vo. 25s.\n\nPROFESSOR SEDGWICK'S DISCOURSE ON THE STUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF\nCAMBRIDGE. Fifth Edition. One thick Volume, Crown 8vo. 12s.\n\n*** The present Edition is enlarged by the Addition of a Preliminary\nDissertation and Supplement; and consists, altogether, of 770 pages.\n\nDR. HERBERT MAYO'S PHILOSOPHY OF LIVING. Third and Cheaper Edition.\n\nARCHDEACON HARE'S MISSION OF THE COMFORTER. With Notes. Second Edition,\n8vo. 1 Vol. 12s.\n\nREV. R.C. TRENCH'S NOTES ON THE MIRACLES. Third Edition, 8vo. 12s.\n\nTHE HOMILIES, with Various Readings, and the Quotations from the Fathers\ngiven at length in the Original languages. Edited, for the Syndics of the\nCambridge University Press, by G.E. CORRIE, B.D., Master of Jesus College.\n8vo. 10s. 6d.\n\nPROFESSOR BURTON'S HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Eighth and Cheaper\nEdition. 5s.\n\nPROFESSOR SCHOLEFIELD'S HINTS FOR AN IMPROVED TRANSLATION OF THE NEW\nTESTAMENT. Third Edition, with the Appendix incorporated. 3s. 6d.\n\nMR. GRIFFITH'S RECREATIONS IN CHEMISTRY. Second Edition, much enlarged, and\nalmost entirely re-written. 5s.\n\nPROFESSOR HALL'S ELEMENTS OF ALGEBRA. Third and Cheaper Edition. 5s.\n\nLONDON: JOHN W. PARKER, WEST STRAND.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, December 14. 1850.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 59, December 14, 1850","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":13869}