{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_15641/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_15641","id":"gutenberg_15641","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15641","summary":null,"tags":["Category: British Literature","Category: History - British","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon Ingram, Keith\nEdkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.\n\n\n\n\n\n{49}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 65.]\nSATURDAY, JANUARY 25, 1851.\n[Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                                   Page\n    Traditional English Ballads, by Dr. E.F. Rimbault          49\n    The Father of Philip Massinger                             52\n    Touchstone's Dial, by George Stephens                      52\n    Discrepancies in Dugdale's Account of Sir Ralph de\n      Cobham, by W. Hastings Kelke                             53\n    Henry Chettle                                              54\n    Coverdale's Bible                                          54\n    Answer to Cowley                                           55\n    Folk Lore of Lancashire, No. 1., by T.T. Wilkinson         55\n    Minor Notes:--Proclamation of Langholme Fair--Seats\n      in Churches--Flemish Account--Use of\n      Monosyllables--Specimen of Foreign English--Epitaph      56\n\n  QUERIES:--\n    The Tale of the Wardstaff, by S.W. Singer                  57\n    Ballad ascribed to Sir C. Hanbury Williams, by G.H.\n      Barker                                                   59\n    Minor Queries:--Book called Tartuare--William Wallace\n      in London--Obeism--Aged Monks--Lady Alice\n      Carmichael--\"A Verse may find him\"--Daresbury,\n      the White Chapel of England--Ulm Manuscript--\n      Merrick and Tattersall--Dr. Trusler's memoirs--\n      Life of Bishop Frampton--Probabilism--Sir Henry\n      Chauncy's Observations on Wilfred Entwysel--Theological\n      Tracts--Lady Bingham--Gregory the Great--John\n      Hill's Penny Post in 1659--Andrea Ferrara--Imputed\n      Letter of Sallustius--Thomas Rogers of\n      Horninger--Tandem D.O.M.--The Episcopal Mitre            59\n\n  REPLIES:--\n    The Passage in Troilus and Cressida, by John Taylor        62\n    Black Images of the Virgin, by J.B. Litchfield             63\n    Outline in Painting                                        63\n    Ten Children at a Birth                                    64\n    Shakspeare's Use of \"Captious\"                             65\n    Sword of William the Conqueror                             66\n    Meaning of Eisell                                          66\n    Altar Lights, &c.                                          68\n    Replies to Minor Queries:--Handbell before a Corpse\n      --Sir George Downing--Hulls, the Inventor of\n      Steamboats--\"Clarum et venerabile Nomen\"--Occult\n      Transposition of Letters--Darby and Joan--Did\n      Bunyan know Hobbes?--Mythology of the Stars--Dodo\n      Queries--Holland Land--Swearing by Swans--The\n      Frozen Horn--Cockade and True Blue--The\n      Vavasours of Hazlewood--\"Breeches\" Bible--Histoire\n      des Sevarambes--Verses attributed to Charles\n      Yorke--Archbishop Bolton of Cashel--Erasmus and\n      Farel--Early Culture of the Imagination--William\n      Chilcot--By and bye--Mocker--Was Colonel Hewson\n      a Cobbler?--Mole--Pillgarlick--A recent Novel\n      --Tablet to Napoleon--North Sides of Churchyards\n      --Wisby--Singing of Swans--Dacre Monument at\n      Herstmoneux--Herstmoneux Castle--Suem;\n      Ferling; Grasson--Portrait of Archbishop Williams\n      --Swans hatched during Thunder--Etymology of Apricot\n      --\"Plurima gemma latet circa tellure sepulta\"--\n      Time when Herodotus wrote--Lucy and Colin--\n      Translations of Apuleius, &c.--Etymology of \"Grasson\"\n      --Lynch Law--\"Talk not of Love\"--The Butcher\n      Duke--Curfew--Robertson Struan                           68\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n    Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     77\n    Books and Odd Volumes Wanted                               78\n    Notices to Correspondents                                  78\n    Advertisements                                             78\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNOTES.\n\nTRADITIONAL ENGLISH BALLADS.\n\nThe task of gathering old traditionary song is surely a pleasant and a\nlightsome one. Albeit the harvest has been plentiful and the gleaners many,\nstill a stray sheaf may occasionally be found worth the having. But we must\nbe careful not to \"pick up a straw.\"\n\nOne of your corespondents recommends, as an addition to the value of your\npages, the careful getting together of those numerous traditional ballads\nthat are still sometimes to be met with, floating about various parts of\nthe country. This advice is by no means to be disregarded, but I wish to\npoint out the necessity of the contributors to the undertaking knowing\nsomething about ballad literature. An acquaintance with the ordinary\n_published_ collections, at least, cannot be dispensed with. Without this\nknowledge we should be only multiplying copies of worthless trifles, or\nreprinting ballads that had already appeared in print.\n\nThe traditional copies of old _black-letter_ ballads are, in almost all\ncases (as may easily be seen by comparison), much the worse for wear. As a\nproof of this I refer the curious in these matters to a volume of\n_Traditional Versions of Old Ballads_, collected by Mr. Peter Buchan, and\nedited by Mr. Dixon for the Percy Society. The Rev. Mr. Dyce pronounces\nthis \"a volume of _forgeries_;\" but, acquitting poor Buchan (of whom more\nanon) of any intention to deceive, it is, to say the least of it, a volume\nof _rubbish_; inasmuch as the ballads are all worthless modern versions of\nwhat had appeared \"centuries ago\" in their _genuine_ shape. Had these\nballads _not existed in print_, we should have been glad of them in any\nform; but, in the present case, the publication of such a book (more\nespecially by a learned society) is a positive nuisance.\n\nAnother work which I cannot refrain from noticing, called by one of the\nreviewers \"A valuable contribution to our stock of ballad literature\"? is\nMr. Frederick Sheldon's _Minstrelsy of the English Border_. The preface to\nthis volume {50} promises much, as may be seen by the following passage:--\n\n    \"It is now upwards of forty years since Sir Walter Scott published his\n    _Border Minstrelsy_, and during his 'raids,' as he facetiously termed\n    his excursions of discovery in Liddesdale, Teviotdale, Tyndale, and the\n    Merse, very few ballads of any note or originality could possibly\n    escape his enthusiastic inquiry; for, to his love of ballad literature,\n    he added the patience and research of a genuine antiquary. Yet, no\n    doubt many ballads _did_ escape, and still remain scattered up and down\n    the country side, existing probably in the recollection of many a\n    sun-browned shepherd, or the weather-beaten brains of ancient hinds, or\n    'eldern' women: or in the well-thumbed and nearly illegible leaves of\n    some old book or pamphlet of songs, snugly resting on the 'pot-head,'\n    or sharing their rest with the 'Great Ha' Bible,' _Scott's Worthies_,\n    or Blind Harry's lines. The parish dominie or pastor of some obscure\n    village, amid the many nooks and corners of the Borders, possesses, no\n    doubt, treasures in the ballad-ware that would have gladdened the heart\n    of a Ritson, a Percy, or a Surtees; in the libraries, too, of many an\n    ancient descendant of a Border family, some black-lettered volume of\n    ballads, doubtlessly slumbers in hallowed and unbroken dust.\"\n\nThis reads invitingly; the writer then proceeds:--\n\n    \"From such sources I have obtained may of the ballads in the present\n    collection. Those to which I have stood godfather, and so baptized and\n    remodelled, I have mostly met with in the 'broad-side' ballads, as they\n    are called.\"\n\nAlthough the writer here speaks of Ritson and Percy as if he were\nacquainted with their works, it is very evident that he had not looked into\ntheir contents. The name of Evans' _Collection_ had probably never reached\nhim. Alas! we look in vain for the tantalising \"pamphlet of songs,\"--still,\nperhaps, snugly resting on the \"pot-head,\" where our author in his\n\"poetical dream\" first saw it. The \"black-lettered volume of ballads\" too,\nin the library of the \"ancient descendant of a Border family,\" still\nremains in its dusty repository, untouched by the hand of Frederick\nSheldon.\n\nIn support of the object of this paper I shall now point out \"a few\" of the\nerrors of _The Minstrelsy of the English Border_.\n\nP. 201. _The Fair Flower of Northumberland_:--\n\n  \"It was a knight in Scotland born,\n    Follow my love, come over the Strand;\n  Was taken prisoner, and left forlorn\n    Even by the good Erle Northumberland.\"\n\nThis is a corrupt version of Thomas Deloney's celebrated ballad of \"The\nUngrateful Knight,\" printed in the _History of Jack of Newbery_, 1596, and\nin Ritson's _Ancient Songs_, 1790. A Scottish version may be found in\nKinloch's _Ballads_, under the title of the \"The Provost's Daughter.\" Mr.\nSheldon knows nothing of this, but says,--\n\n    \"This ballad has been known about the English Border for many years,\n    and I can remember a version of it being sung by my grandmother!\"\n\nHe also informs us that he has added the last verse but one, in order to\nmake the \"ends of justice\" more complete!\n\nP. 232. _The Laird of Roslin's Daughter_:--\n\n  \"The Laird of Roslin's daughter\n    Walk'd through the wood her lane;\n  And by her came Captain Wedderburn,\n    A servant to the Queen.\"\n\nThis is a wretched version (about half the original length) of a well-known\nballad, entitled \"Captain Wedderburn's Courtship.\" It first appeared _in\nprint_ in _The New British Songster_, a collection published at Falkirk, in\n1785. It was afterwards inserted in Jamieson's _Popular Ballads and Songs_,\n1806; Kinloch's _Ancient Ballads_, 1826; Chambers' _Scottish Ballads_,\n1829, &c. But hear what Mr. Sheldon has to say, in 1847:--\n\n    \"This is a fragment of an apparently ancient ballad, related to me by a\n    lady of Berwick-on-Tweed, who used to sing it in her childhood. I have\n    given all that she was able to furnish me with. The same lady assures\n    me that she never remembers having seen it in print [!!], and that she\n    had learnt if from her nurse, together with the ballad of 'Sir Patrick\n    Spens,' and several Irish legends, since forgotten.\"\n\nP. 274. _The Merchant's Garland_:--\n\n  \"Syr Carnegie's gane owre the sea,\n    And's plowing thro' the main,\n  And now must make a lang voyage,\n    The red gold for to gain.\"\n\nThis is evidently one of those ballads which calls Mr. Sheldon \"godfather.\"\nThe original ballad, which has been \"baptized and remodelled,\" is called\n\"The Factor's Garland.\" It begins in the following homely manner:--\n\n  \"Behold here's a ditty, 'tis true and no jest\n  Concerning a young gentleman in the East,\n  Who by his great gaming came to poverty,\n  And afterwards went many voyages to sea.\"\n\nP. 329. _The rare Ballad of Johnnie Faa_:--\n\n  \"There were seven gipsies in a gang,\n    They were both brisk and bonny O;\n  They rode till they came to the Earl of Castle's house,\n    And here they sang so sweetly O.\"\n\nThis is a very _hobbling_ version (from the recitation of a \"gipsy\nvagabond\") of a ballad frequently reprinted. It first appeared in Ramsay's\n_Tea-Table Miscellany_; afterwards in Finlay's and Chambers' Collections.\nNone of these versions were known to Mr. Sheldon.\n\nI have now extracted enough from the _Minstrelsy of the English Border_ to\nshow the mode of \"ballad editing\" as pursued by Mr. Sheldon. The instances\nare sufficient to strengthen my position.\n\nOne of the most popular traditional ballads still {51} floating about the\ncountry, is \"King Henrie the Fifth's Conquest:\"--\n\n  \"As our King lay musing on his bed,\n  He bethought himself upon a time,\n  Of a tribute that was due from France,\n  Had not been paid for so long a time.\"\n\nIt was first printed from \"oral communication,\" by Sir Harris Nicolas, who\ninserted two versions in the Appendix to his _History of the Battle of\nAgincourt_, 2d edition, 8vo. 1832. It again appeared (not from either of\nSir Harris Nicolas's copies) in the Rev. J.C. Tyler's _Henry of Monmouth_,\n8vo. vol. ii. p. 197. And, lastly, in Mr. Dixon's _Ancient Poems, Ballads,\nand Songs of the Peasantry of England_, printed by the Percy Society in\n1846. These copies vary considerably from each other, which cannot be\nwondered at, when we find that they were obtained from independent sources.\nMr. Tyler does not allude to Sir Harris Nicolas's copies, nor does Mr.\nDixon seem aware that any _printed_ version of the traditional ballad had\npreceded his. The ballad, however, existed in a printed \"broad-side\" long\nbefore the publications alluded to, and a copy, \"Printed and sold in\nAldermary Church Yard,\" is now before me. It is called \"King Henry V., his\nConquest of France in Revenge for the Affront offered by the French King in\nsending him (instead of the Tribute) a ton of Tennis Balls.\"\n\nAn instance of the various changes and mutations to which, in the course of\nages, a popular ballad is subject, exists in the \"Frog's Wedding.\" The\npages of the \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" testify to this in a remarkable degree.\nBut no one has yet hit upon the _original_ ballad; unless, indeed, the\nfollowing be it, and I think it has every appearance of being the identical\nballad licensed to Edward White in 1580-1. It is taken from a rare musical\nvolume in my library, entitled _Melismata; Musicall Phansies, fitting the\nCourt, Citie, and Countrey Humours. Printed by William Stansby for Thomas\nAdams_, 1611. 4to.\n\n  \"THE MARRIAGE OF THE FROGGE AND THE MOUSE.\n\n  \"It was the Frogge in the well,\n    Humble-dum, humble dum;\n  And the merrie Mouse in the mill,\n    Tweedle, tweedle twino.\n\n  \"The Frogge would a-wooing ride,\n    Humble-dum, &c.\n  Sword and buckler by his side,\n    Tweedle, &c.\n\n  \"When he was upon his high horse set,\n    Humble-dum, &c.\n  His boots they shone as blacke as jet.\n    Tweedle, &c.\n\n  \"When he came to the merry mill pin,\n    Humble-dum, &c.\n  Lady Mouse, beene you within?\n    Tweedle, &c.\n\n  \"Then came out the dusty Mouse,\n    Humble-dum, &c.\n  I am Lady of this house,\n    Tweedle, &c.\n\n  \"Hast thou any minde of me?\n    Humble-dum, &c.\n  I have e'ne great minde of thee,\n    Tweedle, &c.\n\n  \"Who shall this marriage make?\n    Humble-dum, &c.\n  Our Lord, which is the Rat,\n    Tweedle, &c.\n\n  \"What shall we have to our supper?\n    Humble-dum, &c.\n  Three beanes in a pound of butter,\n    Tweedle, &c.\n\n  \"When supper they were at,\n    Humble-dum, &c.\n  The frogge, the Mouse, and even the Rat,\n    Tweedle, &c.\n\n  \"Then came in Gib our Cat,\n    Humble-dum, &c.\n  And catcht the Mouse even by the backe,\n    Tweedle, &c.\n\n  \"Then did they separate,\n    Humble-dum, &c.\n  And the Frogge leapt on the floore so flat,\n    Tweedle, &c.\n\n  \"Then came in Dicke our Drake,\n    Humble-dum, &c.\n  And drew the Frogge even to the lake,\n    Tweedle, &c.\n\n  \"The Rat ran up the wall,\n    Humble-dum, &c\n  A goodly company, the Divell goe with all,\n    Tweedle, &c.\"\n\nFrom what I have shown, the reader will agree with me, that a collector of\nballads from oral tradition should possess some acquaintance with the\nlabours of his predecessors. This knowledge is surely the smallest part of\nthe duties of an editor.\n\nI remember reading, some years ago, in the writings of old Zarlino (an\nItalian author of the sixteenth century), an amusing chapter on the\nnecessary qualifications for a \"complete musician.\" The recollection of\nthis forcibly returns to me after perusing the following extract from the\npreface to a _Collection of Ballads_ (2 vols. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1828), by our\n\"simple\" but well-meaning friend, \"Mr. Peter Buchan of Peterhead.\"\n\n    \"No one has yet conceived, nor has it entered the mind of man, what\n    patience, perseverance, and general knowledge are necessary for an\n    editor of a Collection of Ancient Ballads; nor what mountains of\n    difficulties he has to overcome; what hosts of enemies he has to\n    encounter; and what myriads of little-minded quibblers he has to\n    silence. The writing of explanatory notes is like no other species of\n    literature. History throws {52} little light upon their origin [the\n    ballads, I suppose?], or the cause which gave rise to their\n    composition. He has to grope his way in the dark: like Bunyan's\n    pilgrim, on crossing the Valley of the Shadow of Death, he hears sounds\n    and noises, but cannot, to a certainty, tell from whence they come, nor\n    to what place they proceed. The one time, he has to treat of fabulous\n    ballads in the most romantic shape; the next, legendary, with all its\n    exploded, obsolete, and forgotten superstitions; also history, tragedy,\n    comedy, love, war, and so on; all, perhaps, within the narrow compass\n    of a few hours,--so varied must his genius and talents be.\"\n\nAfter this we ought surely to rejoice, that any one hardy enough to become\nan Editor of Old Ballads is left amongst us.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE FATHER OF PHILIP MASSINGER.\n\nGifford was quite right in stating that the name of the father of\nMassinger, the dramatist, was Arthur, according to Oldys, and not Philip,\naccording to Wood and Davies. Arthur Massinger (as he himself spelt the\nname, although others have spelt it Messenger, from its supposed etymology)\nwas in the service of the Earl of Pembroke, who married the sister of Sir\nPhilip Sidney, in whose family the poet Daniel was at one time tutor. I\nhave before me several letters from him to persons of note and consequence,\nall signed \"Arthur Massinger;\" and to show his importance in the family to\nwhich he was attached, I need only mention, that in 1597, when a match was\nproposed between the son of Lord Pembroke and the daughter of Lord\nBurghley, Massinger, the poet's father, was the confidential agent employed\nbetween the parties. My purpose at present is to advert to a matter which\noccurred ten years earlier, and to which the note I am about to transcribe\nrelates. It appears that in March, 1587, Arthur Massinger was a suitor for\nthe reversion of the office of Examiner in the Court of the Marches toward\nSouth Wales, for which also a person of the name of Fox was a candidate;\nand, in order to forward the wishes of his dependent, the Earl of Pembroke\nwrote to Lord Burghley as follows:--\n\n    \"My servant Massinger hathe besought me to ayde him in obteyning a\n    reversion from her Majestie of the Examiner's office in this courte;\n    whereunto, as I willingly have yielded, soe I resolved to leave the\n    craving of your Lordship's furtheraunce to his owne humble sute; but\n    because I heare a sonn of Mr. Fox (her Majestie's Secretary here) doth\n    make sute for the same, and for the Mr. Sherar, who now enjoyethe it,\n    is sicklie, I am boulde to desier your Lordship's honorable favour to\n    my servaunte, which I shall most kindlie accepte, and he for the same\n    ever rest bounde to praye for your Lordship. And thus, leaving further\n    to trouble you, &c. 28. March, 1587. H. PEMBROKE.\"\n\nThe whole body of this communication, it is worth remark, is in the\nhandwriting of Arthur Massinger (whose penmanship was not unlike that of\nhis son), and the signature only that of the Earl, in whose family he was\nentertained. I have not been able to ascertain whether the application was\nsuccessful; and it is possible that some of the records of the court may\nexist, showing either the death of Sherar, and by whom he was succeeded\nabout that date, or that Sherar recovered from his illness. As I have\nbefore said, it is quite clear that Arthur Massinger was high in the\nconfidence and service of Lord Pembroke ten years after the date of the\npreceding note.\n\nI have a good deal more to say about Arthur Massinger, but I must take\nanother time for the purpose.\n\nTHE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTOUCHSTONE'S DIAL.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 405.)\n\nThe conjecture of Mr. Knight, in his note to _As You Like It_, and to which\nyour correspondent J.M.B. has so instructively drawn our attention, is\nundoubtedly correct. The \"sun-ring\" or ring-dial, was probably the watch of\nour forefathers some thousand years previous to the invention of the modern\nchronometer, and its history is deserving of more attention than has\nhitherto been paid to it. Its immense antiquity in Europe is proved by its\nstill existing in the _remotest_ and _least civilised_ districts of North\nEngland, Scotland, and the Western Isles, Ireland, and in Scandinavia. I\nhave in my possession _two_ such rings, both of brass. The one, nearly half\nan inch broad, and two inches in diameter, is from the Swedish island of\nGothland, and is of more modern make. It is held by the finger and thumb\nclasping a small brass ear or handle, to the right of which a slit in the\nring extends nearly one-third of the whole length. A small narrow band of\nbrass (about one-fifth of the width) runs along the centre of the ring, and\nof course covers the slit. This narrow band is movable, and has a hole in\none part through which the rays of the sun can fall. On each side of the\nband (to the right of the handle) letters, which stand for the names of the\nmonths, are inscribed on the ring as follows:--\n\n  J   A   S   O   N   D\n  J   M   A   M   F   J\n\n[the letters in the lower row inverted]\n\n_Inside_ the ring, opposite to these letters, are the following figures for\nthe hours:--\n\n  9   8   7   6   5   4   3   2   1\n                                      12\n  3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10  11\n\n[the figures in the upper row inverted, the 12 sideways]\n\nThe small brass band was made movable that the ring-click might be properly\n_set by the sun_ at stated periods, perhaps once a month.\n\nThe second sun-ring, which I bought in Stockholm in 1847, also \"out of a\ndeal of old iron,\" is {53} smaller and much broader than the first, and is\nperhaps a hundred years older; it is also more ornamented. Otherwise its\nfashion is the same, the only difference being in the arrangement of the\ninside figures, which are as follows:--\n\n          6   7   8   9  10  11\n                                  12\n  8   7   6   5   4   3   2   1\n\n[the figures in the lower row inverted]\n\nThe ring recovered by Mr. Knight evidently agrees with the above. I hope\nMr. K. will, sooner or later, present the curiosity to our national\nmuseum,--which will be driven at last, if not by higher motives, by the\nmere force of public opinion and public indignation, to form a regularly\narranged and grand collection of our own British antiquities in every\nbranch, secular and religious, from the earliest times, down through the\nmiddle ages, to nearly our own days. Such an archaeological department could\ncount not only upon the assistance of the state, but upon rich and generous\ncontributions from British sources, individuals and private societies, at\nhome and abroad, as well as foreign help, at least in the way of exchange.\nBut any such plan must be _speedily_ and _well_ organised and _well\nannounced_!\n\nI give the above details, not only because they relate to a passage in our\nimmortal bard, who has ennobled and perpetuated every word and fact in his\nwritings, but because they illustrate the astronomical antiquities of our\nown country and our kindred tribes during many centuries. These sun-dials\nare now very scarce, even in the high Scandinavian North, driven out as\nthey have been by the watch, in the same manner as the ancient clog[1] or\nRune-staff (the carved wooden perpetual almanac) has been extirpated by the\nprinted calendar, and now only exists in the cabinets of the curious. In\nfifty years more sun-rings will probably be quite extinct throughout\nEurope. I hope this will cause you to excuse my prolixity. Will no\n_astronomer_ among your readers direct his attention to this subject? Does\nanything of the kind still linger in the East?\n\nGEORGE STEPHENS.\n\nStockholm.\n\n[Footnote 1: The Scandinavian Rune-staff is well known. An engraving of an\nancient English clog (but with Roman characters, instead of Runic) is in\nHone's _Every-Day Book_, vol. ii.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDISCREPANCIES IN DUGDALE'S ACCOUNT OF SIR RALPH DE COBHAM.\n\nThere are some difficulties in Dugdale's account of the Cobham family which\nit may be well to bring before your readers; especially as several other\nhistorians and genealogists have repeated Dugdale's account without\nremarking on its inconsistencies. In speaking of a junior branch of the\nfamily, he says, in vol. ii. p. 69., \"There was also Ralphe de Cobham,\nbrother of the first-mentioned Stephen.\" He only mentions one Stephen but\nnames him twice, first at page 66., and again at 69. Perhaps he meant the\n_above_-mentioned Stephen. He continues:--\n\n    \"This Ralphe took to wife Mary Countess of Norfolk, widdow of Thomas of\n    Brotherton. Which Mary was Daughter to William Lord Ros, and first\n    married to William Lord Braose of Brembre; and by her had Issue John,\n    who 20 E. III., making proof of his age, and doing his Fealty, had\n    Livery of his lands.\"\n\nAt page 64. of the same volume he states that Thomas de Brotherton died in\n12 Edward III., which would be only eight years before his widow's son, by\na subsequent husband, is said to have become of age. That he did become of\nage in this year we have unquestionable evidence. In _Cal. Ing. P. Mortem_,\nvol. iv. p. 444., we find this entry:--\n\n    \"Anno 20 Edw. III. Johannes de Cobham, Filius et Haeres Radulphi de\n    Cobeham defuncti. Probatio aetatis.\"\n\nThere is also abundant proof that Thomas de Brotherton died in 12 Edward\nIII. The most natural way of removing this difficulty would be to conclude\nthat John de Cobham was the son of Ralph by a previous marriage. But here\nwe have another difficulty to encounter. He is not only called the son of\nMary, Countess of Norfolk, or Marishall, by Dugdale, but in all\ncontemporaneous records. See Rymer's _Foed._, vol. vi. p. 136.; _Rot.\nOrig._, vol. ii. p. 277.; _Cal. Rot. Pat._, p. 178., again at p. 179.;\n_Cal. Ing. P. Mortem_, vol. iii. pp. 7. 10. Being the son-in-law of the\nCountess, he was probably called her son to distinguish him from a kinsman\nof the same name, or because of her superior rank. She is frequently styled\nthe widow, and sometimes the wife of Thomas de Brotherton, even after the\ndeath of her subsequent husband, Sir Ralph de Cobham. In the escheat at her\ndeath she is thus described:--\n\n    \"Maria Comitissa Norfolc', uxor Thome de Brotherton, Comitis Norfolc',\n    Relicta Radi de Cobeham, Militis.\"\n\nIt is remarkable that this discrepancy in Sir John Cobham's age, and the\ntime of his supposed mother's marriage with his father, has never before,\nas far as my knowledge extends, been noticed by any of the numerous writers\nwho have repeated Dugdale's account of this family.\n\nBefore concluding I will mention another mistake respecting the Countess\nwhich runs through most of our county histories where she is named. For a\nshort period she became an inmate of the Abbey of Langley, and is generally\nstated to have entered it previously to her marriage with Sir Ralph de\nCobham. Clutterbuck, in his _History of Hertfordshire_ (vol. ii. p. 512.),\nfor instance, relates the circumstance in these words:--\n\n{54}\n\n    \"In the 19th year of the reign of Edward III., she became a nun in the\n    Abbey of Langley, in the country of Norfolk; but quitting that\n    religious establishment, she married Sir Ralph Cobham, Knt., and died\n    anno 36 Edward III.\"\n\nBy _Cal. Ing. P. Mortem_, vol. i. p. 328., we find that Ralph Cobham died\n19th Edward III.[2], that is, the same year in which the Countess entered\nthe Abbey, from whence we may conclude that she retired there to pass in\nseclusion the period of mourning.\n\nW. HASTINGS KELKE.\n\n[Footnote 2: If my copy be correct, it is 19 Edw. II. in the printed\ncalendar: but it must have been Edw. III., for, from the possessions\ndescribed, it must have been Sir Ralph Cobham who married the widow of\nThomas de Brotherton.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nHENRY CHETTLE.\n\nDr. Rimbault, in the introduction to his edition of _Kind-Hearts' Dream_,\nfor the Percy Society, says, \"Of the author, Henry Chettle, very little is\nknown: ... we are ignorant of the time and place of his birth or death, and\nof the manner in which he obtained his living.\" (Pp. vii. viii.) I trouble\nyou with this note in the hope that it may furnish him with a clue to\nfurther particulars of Henry Chettle.\n\nHutchins (_Hist. of Dorset._, vol. i. p. 53. ed. 1774) mentions a family\nnamed Chettle, which was seated at Blandford St. Mary from 1547 to about\n1690, and gives the following names as lineal successors to property in\nthat parish: Henry Chettle, ob. 1553. John, s. and h., ob. 1590. Edward, s.\nand h., ob. 1609, \"leaving Henry, his son and heir, eleven years nine\nmonths old.\" Among the burials for the same parish (p. 57.) occurs \"Henry\nChettle, Esq., 1616;\" and at pp. 119. 208. the marriage of \"Henry Chettle,\nGent., and Susan Chaldecot, 1610.\" This last extract is from the register\nof the parish of Steple, in the Isle of Purbeck, which also contains, says\nHutchins, many notices of the Chettle family; but all, I should infer,\n_subsequent_ to the year 1610.\n\nI have ascertained that the statement in Hutchins corresponds with the\nentry in the register of Blandford St. Mary, of the burial of Henry Chettle\nin 1616; and that there is _no_ entry of the baptism of any one of that\nname. In fact, the registers only begin in 1581. Now it is clear that there\nwere two persons of this name living at the same time, viz. H.C., aged\neleven years in 1609; and H.C., who marries in 1610. And if the conjecture\nof the learned editor be correct, as probably it is, that the poet, Henry\nChettle, \"died in or before the year 1607,\" it is equally clear that he was\na _third_ of the same name, and that he could not be the person whose name\noccurs as buried in 1616. But the name is not a common one, and there seems\nsufficient to warrant further research into this subject. I venture,\ntherefore, to make these two suggestions in the form of Queries:\n\nI. Can any _internal_ evidence be gathered from the writings of Henry\nChettle, as to his family, origin, and birthplace? _Kind-Heart's Dream_,\nthe only one of his works which I have either seen or have the means of\nconsulting, contains nothing specific enough to connect him with Dorset, or\nthe West. It would seem, indeed, as if he were acquainted with the New\nForest, but not better than with Essex, and other parts adjacent to London.\n\nII. Would it not be worth while to search the Heralds' Visitations for the\ncounty of Dorset, the Will-office, and the Inquisitions \"post mortem?\" The\nfamily was of some consequence, and is mentioned even in Domesday-book as\nholding lands in the county. Hutchins blazons their arms--Az. 3 spiders,\nor; but gives no pedigree of the family.\n\nE.A.D.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCOVERDALE'S BIBLE.\n\nWe are told by Mr. Granville Penn, in the Preface to the _Annotations to\nthe Book of the New Covenant_, that \"in 1535 Coverdale printed an English\ntranslation of the Old Testament, to which he annexed Tyndale's revision of\nthe New, probably revised by himself. These last constitute what is called\n_Coverdale's Bible_. Now, the title-page of Coverdale's Bible expressly\nstates that it was faithfully and truly translated out of Douche and Latyn\ninto Englishe;\" and that this is literally true may be seen by comparing\nany portion of it with the common German version of Luther. The following\nportion is taken quite at hazard from the original edition; and I have\nadded Tyndale's version of 1526, as edited by Mr. Offor:\n\n    1535.\n\n    JOHN, VI. 41.\n\n    The[3] murmured the Iewes ther ouer, that he sayde: I am yt bred which\n    is come downe from heaue[4], and they sayde: Is not this Iesus, Iosephs\n    sonne, whose father and mother we knowe? How sayeth be then, I am come\n    downe from heaue[5]? Iesus answered, and sayde vnto them: Murmur not\n    amonge youre selues. No man can come vnto me, excepte the father which\n    hath sent me, drawe him. And I shal rayse him vp at the last daye. It\n    is wrytten in the prophetes: They shal all be taughte of God. Who so\n    euer now heareth it of the father and lerneth it, commeth vnto me. Not\n    that eny man hath sene the father, saue he which is of the father, the\n    same hath sene the father.\n\n    _Luther._\n\n    41 Da murreten die Juden daruber, das er sagte: Ich bin das brodt, das\n    vom himmel gekommen ist.\n\n    {55}\n\n    42 Und sprachen; Ist dieser nicht Jesus, Joseph's sohn, dess vater und\n    mutter wir kennen? Wie spricht er denn: Ich bin vom himmel gekommen?\n\n    43 Jesus antwortete, und sprach zu ihnen: Murret nicht unter einander.\n\n    44 Es kann niemand zu mir kommen, es sey denn, das ihn ziche der Vater,\n    der mich gesandt hat; und Ich werde ihn auferwecken am jungsten tage.\n\n    45 Es stehet geschrieben in den propheten: Sie werden alle von Gott\n    gelehret seyn. Wer es nun hoeret vom Vater, und lernet es, der kommt zu\n    mir.\n\n    46 Nicht das jemand den Vater habe gesehen ohne der vom Vater ist, der\n    hat den Vater gesehen.\n\n    _Tyndale, 1526._\n\n    The iewes murmured att itt, be cause he sayde: I am thatt breed which\n    is come doune from heven. And they sayde: Is nott this Jesus the sonne\n    of Joseph, whose father, and mother we knowe? How ys yt then thatt he\n    sayeth, I came doune from heven? Jesus answered and sayde vnto them:\n    Murmur not betwene youre selves. No man can come to me except my father\n    which hath sent me, drawe hym. And y will rayse hym vp at the last\n    daye. Hit is written in the prophetes: And they shall all be taught of\n    God. Every man which hath herde, and lerned of the father, commeth unto\n    me, not that eny man hath sene the father, save he which is off God.\n    The same hath sene the father.\n\n    _Authorized Version._\n\n    41 The Jews then murmured at him, because he said, I am the bread which\n    came down from heaven.\n\n    42 And they said, Is not this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father\n    and mother we know? how is it then that he saith, I came down from\n    heaven?\n\n    43 Jesus therefore answered and said unto them, Murmur not among\n    yourselves.\n\n    44 No man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw\n    him: and I will raise him up at the last day.\n\n    45 It is written in the prophets, And they shall be all taught of God.\n    Every man therefore that hath heard, and hath learned of the Father,\n    cometh unto me.\n\n    46 Not that any man hath seen the Father, save he which is of God, he\n    hath seen the Father.\n\nECHO.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nANSWER TO COWLEY.\n\nOn the fly-leaf of a copy of Cowley's Works (London, 1668), I find the\nfollowing lines:--\n\n      AN ANSWER TO DRINKING (PAGE 32.).\n\n  \"The thirsty earth, when one would think\n  Her dusty throat required more drink,\n  Wets but her lips, and parts the showers\n  Among her thousand plants and flowers:\n  Those take their small and stinted size,\n  Not drunkard-like, to fall, but rise.\n  The sober sea observes her tide\n  Even by the drunken sailor's side;\n  The roaring rivers pressing high\n  Seek to get in her company;\n  She, rising, seems to take the cup,\n  But other rivers drink all up.\n  The sun, and who dare him disgrace\n  With drink, that keeps his steady pace,\n  Baits at the sea, and keeps good hours.\n  The moon and stars, and mighty powers,\n  Drink not, but spill that on the floor\n  The sun drew up the day before,\n  And charitable dews bestow\n  On herbs that die for thirst below.\n  Then drink no more, then let that die\n  That would the drunkard kill, for why\n  Shall all things live by rule but I,\n  Thou man of morals, tell me why?\"\n\nOn the title-page, in the same hand-writing as the \"Answer,\" is the name of\nthe Rev. Archibald Foyer, with the date 1700.\n\nY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE OF LANCASHIRE. NO. 1.\n\nLancashire, like all other counties, has its own peculiar superstitions,\nmanners, and customs, which find no parallels in those of other localities.\nIt has also, no doubt, many local observances, current opinions, old\nproverbs, and vulgar ditties, which are held and known in common with the\ninhabitants of a greater extent of county, and differ merely in minor\nparticulars;--the necessary result of imperfect oral transmission. In\nformer numbers of this work a few isolated specimens of the folk-lore of\nthis district have been noticed, and the present attempt is to give\npermanency to a few others.\n\n1. If a person's hair, when thrown into the fire, burns brightly, it is a\nsure sign that the individual will live long. The brighter the flame the\nlonger life, and _vice versa_.\n\n2. A young person frequently stirs the fire with the poker to test the\nhumour of a lover. If the fire blaze brightly, the lover is\n_good-humoured_; and _vice versa_.\n\n3. A crooked sixpence, or a copper coin with a hole through, are accounted\n_lucky_ coins.\n\n4. Cutting or paring the nails of the hands or feet on a Friday or Sunday,\nis very unlucky.\n\n5. If a person's _left_ ear burn, or feel hot, somebody is _praising_ the\nparty; if the _right_ ear burn, then it is a sure sign that some one is\nspeaking evil of the person.\n\n6. Children are frequently cautioned by their parents not to walk\n_backwards_ when going an errand; it is a sure sign that they will be\nunfortunate in their objects.\n\n7. Witchcraft, and the belief in its reality, is not yet exploded in many\nof the rural districts. The writer is acquainted with parties who place\nfull credence in persons possessing the power to bewitch cows, sheep,\nhorses, and even those persons to whom the witch has an antipathy. One\nrespectable farmer assured me that his horse was {56} _bewitched into the\nstable through a loophole twelve inches by three_; the _fact_ he said was\nbeyond doubt, for he had locked the stable-door himself when the horse was\nin the field, and had kept the key in his pocket. Soon after this, however,\na party of farmers went through a process known by the name of \"_burning\nthe witch out_,\" or \"_killing the witch_,\" as some express it; the person\nsuspected soon died, and the neighbourhood became free from his evil\ndoings.\n\n8. A horse-shoe is still nailed behind many doors to counteract the effects\nof witchcraft: a _hagstone_ with a hole through, tied to the key of the\nstable-door, protects the horses, and, if hung up at the bed's head, the\nfarmer also.\n\n9. A hot iron put into the cream during the process of churning, expels the\nwitch from the churn; and dough in preparation for the baker is protected\nby being marked with the figure of a cross.\n\n10. Warts are cured by being rubbed over with a black snail, but the snail\nmust afterwards be impaled upon a hawthorn. If a bag containing as many\nsmall pebbles as a person has warts, be tossed over the _left_ shoulder, it\nwill transfer the warts to whoever is unfortunate enough to pick up the\nbag.\n\n11. If black snails are seized by the horn and tossed over the _left_\nshoulder, the process will insure _good luck_ to the person who performs\nit.\n\n12. Profuse bleeding is said to be instantly stopped by certain persons who\npretend to possess the secret of a certain form of words which immediately\nact as a charm.\n\n13. The power of bewitching, producing evil to parties by _wishing_ it,\n&c., is supposed to be transmitted from one possessor to another when one\nof the parties is about to die. The writer is in possession of full\nparticulars respecting this supposed transfer.\n\n14. Cramp is effectually prevented by placing the shoes with the _toes_\njust peeping from beneath the coverlet; the same is also prevented by tying\nthe garter round the _left_ leg _below_ the knee.\n\n15. Charmed rings are worn by many for the cure of dyspepsia; and so also\nare charmed belts for the cure of rheumatism.\n\n16. A _red-haired_ person is supposed to bring in ill-luck if he be the\nfirst to enter a house on New Year's Day. _Black-haired_ persons are\nrewarded with liquor and small gratuities for \"taking in the new year\" to\nthe principal houses in their respective neighbourhoods.\n\n17. If any householder's fire does not burn _through_ the night of New\nYear's Eve, it betokens bad luck during the ensuing year; and if any party\nallow another a live coal, or even a lighted candle, on such an occasion,\nthe bad luck is extended to the other part for commiserating with the\nformer in his misfortunes.\n\nMany other specimens of the folk lore of this district might be enumerated;\nbut since many here have implicit faith in Lover's expression,--\n\n    \"There is luck in _odd_ numbers;\"\n\nI will reserve them for a future opportunity, considering that _seventeen_\nparagraphs are sufficient to satisfy all except the most thorough-paced\n_folklorians_.\n\nT.T. WILKINSON.\n\nBurnley, Lancashire.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMINOR NOTES.\n\n_Proclamation of Langholme Fair._--In an old paper I find the following\nproclamation of a fair, to be held in a town in Scotland; it may, perhaps,\namuse some of your numerous readers:--\n\n    \"O yes! and that's a time. O yes! and that's twa times. O yes! and\n    that's the third and last time: All manner of pearson or pearsons\n    whatsoever let 'em draw near, and I shall let you ken that there is a\n    fair to be held at the muckle town of Langholme, for the space of aught\n    days; wherein if any hustrin, custrin, land-louper, dukes-couper, or\n    gang-y-gate swinger, shall breed any urdam, durdam, brabblement, or\n    squabblement, he shall have his lugs tacked to the muckle trone, with a\n    nail of twal-a-penny, until he down of his hobshanks and up with his\n    mucle doubs, and pray to heaven neen times, Gold bles the king, and\n    thrice the muckle Lord of Relton, pay a groat to me Jammey Ferguson,\n    bailiff of the aforesaid manor. So ye heard my proclamation, and I'll\n    haam to dinner.\"\n\nPerhaps some of your correspondents north of the Tweed can give the meaning\n(if there be any) of a few of the choice expressions contained in this\ndocument.\n\nMONKBARNS.\n\n_Seats in Churches._--The following curious notice of seats in churches\noccurs in Thompson's _History of Swine_; which is quoted by him from\n_Whitaker's Whalley_, 2nd edit. 4to. p. 228.:--\n\n    \"My man Shuttleworth, of Harking, made this form and here will I sit\n    when I come; and any cousin Nowell may make one behind me, if he\n    please, and my son Sherburne shall make one on the other side; and Mr.\n    Catteral another behind him; and for the residue the use shall be,\n    _first come first speed; and that will make the proud wives of Whalley\n    rise betimes to come to church_.\"\n\nWhich seems to convey the idea, that it was at that time customary for\npersons to make their seats in the churches. Query, When did pews come into\ngeneral use?\n\nR.W.E.\n\nHull.\n\n    [The earliest notice of pews occurs in the _Vision of Piers Plouman_,\n    p. 95., edit. 1813:--\n\n      \"Among wyves and wodewes ich am ywoned sute\n      Yparroked _in puwes_. The person hit knoweth.\"\n\n    See also _The History of Pews_, a paper read before the Cambridge\n    Camden Society, 1841.]\n\n{57} _Flemish Account._--T.B.M. (Vol. i., p. 8.) requests references to\nearly instances of the use of this expression. In the _History of Edward\nII._, by E.F., written A.D. 1627 (see \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" Vol. i., pp. 91.\n220.), folio edition, p. 113., I find \"The Queen (Isabella) who had already\na French and an Italian trick, was jealous lest she should here taste a\nFlemish one;\" because she feared lest the Earl of Henault should abandon\nher cause. This instance is, I think, earlier than any yet referred to.\n\nS.G.\n\n_Use of Monosyllables._--The most remarkable instance of the use of\nmonosyllables that I remember to have met with in our poets, occurs in the\nFire-worshippers in _Lalla Rookh_. It is as follows:--\n\n  \"I knew, I knew it could not last--\n  'Twas bright, 'twas heav'nly, but 'tis past!\n  Oh! ever thus, from childhood's hour,\n    I've seen my fondest hopes decay;\n  I never lov'd a tree or flow'r\n    But 'twas the first to fade away.\n  I never nurs'd a dear gazelle\n    To glad me with its soft black eye,\n  But when it came to know me well,\n    And love me, it was sure to die!\n  Now, too--the joy most like divine\n    Of all I ever dreamt or knew,\n  To see thee, hear thee, call thee mine,--\n    Oh misery! must I lose _that_ too?\n  Yet go! On peril's brink we meet;--\n    Those frightful rocks--that treach'rous sea--\n  No, never come again--tho' sweet,\n    Tho' Heav'n, it may be death to thee!\"\n\nThis passage contains 126 words, 110 of which are monosyllables, and the\nremainder words of only two syllables. The sentiment embodied throughout is\nthat of violent mental emotion; and it affords a further illustration of\nthe correctness of MR. C. FORBES'S theory (Vol. i., p. 228.) that \"the\nlanguage of passion is almost invariably broken and abrupt.\"\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia, W.I., Nov. 1850.\n\n_Specimen of Foreign English._--\n\n  \"RESTORATIVE HOTEL, FINE HOK.\n  KEPT BY FRANK PROSPERI,\n  FACING THE MILITARY QUARTER\n  AT POMPEII.\n\n    That hotel open since a very few days, is renowned for the cleanness of\n    the apartments and linen; for the exactness of the service, and for the\n    eccelence of the true french cookery. Being situated at proximity of\n    that regeneration, it will be propitius to receive families, whatever,\n    which will desire to reside alternatively into that town, to visit the\n    monuments new found, and to breathe thither the salubrity of the air.\n\n    That establishment will avoid to all the travellers, visitors, of that\n    sepult city, and to the artists, (willing draw the antiquities) a great\n    disorder, occasioned by the tardy and expensive contour of the\n    iron-whay. People will find equally thither, a complete sortment of\n    stranger wines, and of the kingdom, hot and cold baths, stables and\n    coach houses, the whole with very moderated prices. Now, all the\n    applications and endeavours of the hoste, will tend always to\n    correspond to the tastes and desires, of their customers, which will\n    acquire without doubt, to him, in to that town, the reputation whome,\n    he is ambitious.\"\n\nThe above is a literal copy of a card in the possession of a friend of\nmine, who visited Pompeii, 1847.\n\nW.L.\n\n_Epitaph._--While engaged in some enquiries after family documents in the\nBritish Museum lately, I lighted on a little poem, which, though not\nconnected with my immediate object, I copied, and here subjoin, hoping your\nreaders will be as much attracted as I was by the simplicity and elegance\nof the lines and thoughts; and that some one of them, with leisure and\nopportunity, will do what I had not time to do, namely,--decypher in the\nMSS. the _name_ of the \"Worthie Knight\" on whom this epitaph was composed,\nand give any particulars which can be ascertained concerning him.\n\n  EPITAPH ON ----\n\n  (_Harleian MSS._, 78. 25. b. Pluto 63 E.)\n\n  \"Under this stone, thir ly'th at reste\n    A Friendlie Manne--A Worthie Knight,\n  Whose herte and mynde was ever prest\n    To favour truthe--to furder righte.\n  \"The poore's defense--hys neighbors ayde,\n    Most kinde alwaies unto his Kyne,\n  That stynt alle striffes that might be stayed,\n    Whose gentil grace great love dyd wynne,\n  \"A Man that was fulle earneste sette\n    To serve hys prince at alle assayes,\n  No sicknesse could him from itt lette,\n    Which was the shortninge of hys daies.\n  \"His lyf was good--he dyed fulle welle,\n    Hys bodie here--the soule in blisse;\n  With lengthe of wordes, why should I telle,\n    Or further shewe, that well knowne is,\n      Since that the teares of mor or lesse\n      Right welle declare hys worthynesse.\"\n\nA.B.R.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQUERIES.\n\nTHE TALE OF THE WARDSTAFF.\n\nCan any of your antiquarian correspondents furnish further elucidation of\nthe strange ceremony of the gathering of the Wardstaff (which was in old\ntime one of the customs of the hundred of Ongar, in Essex) than are to be\nfound in Morant's _History of Essex_, vol. i. p. 126.? from whence it was\nincorrectly copied in Blount's _Jocular Tenures_ by Beckwith, 4to. ed. It\nhas been also more correctly given by Sir Francis Palgrave, in his _Rise\nand Progress of the English Commonwealth_, Part II. p. clvii., who justly\nstyles it--\n\n    \"a strange and uncouth fragment of the earliest customs of the Teutons;\n    in which we can still recognise {58} the tone and the phraseology of\n    the Courts of the Eresburg. The _Irminsule_ itself having been\n    described as a trunk of a tree, Thor was worshipped under the same rude\n    symbol; and it may be suspected that the singular respect and reverence\n    shown to the ward-staff of the East Saxons is not without its relation\n    to the rites and ceremonies of the heathen time, though innocently and\n    unconsciously retained.\"\n\nAt the time of publication of his learned and interesting work, Sir Francis\ndid me the honour to adopt some conjectural corrections of Morant's very\ncorrupt transcript of the rhyme, which I furnished at his request, in\ncommon with others suggested by the late Mr. Price. Since that time, a more\nmature examination of it has enabled me, I think, to put it into a form\nmuch more nearly resembling what it must have originally been; many of the\ncorrections being obviously required by the prose details which accompany\nit in the MS. from which Morant gave it. It may not, therefore, be\nunacceptable to some of your readers, to subjoin this corrected copy. It\nmay be proper to premise, that \"The _Tale_ of the Wardstaff\" is the\n_tallying_ or _cutting_ of it, and that it was evidently originally spoken\nin parts, assigned as under; although it should seem that there is no\nindication of this arrangement in the MS.\n\n  \"THE TALE OF THE WARDSTAFF.\n\n          _The Bailiffe of the Liberty._\n  \"Iche athied[6] the staffe byleve,\n  Thanne staffe iche toke byleve,\n  Byleve iche will tellen[7]\n  Now the staffe have iche got.\n\n          _Lord of Ruckwood Hall._\n  \"Tho the staffe to me com\n  Als he hoveon for to don,\n  Faire and well iche him underfing\n  Als iche hoveon for to don.\n\n          _The Bailiffe._\n  \"All iche theron challenged,\n  That theron was for to challenge,\n  Nameliche,--this:--and--this:\n  And all that ther was for to challenge.\n\n          _Lord of Ruckwood._\n  \"Fayer iche him uppdede\n  Als iche hoveon for to don.\n\n          _The Bailiffe._\n  \"All iche warnyd to the Ward to cum,\n  That therto hoveon for to cum,\n  By SUNNE SHINING.\n\n          _Lord of Ruckwood._\n  \"We our roope theder brouhton,\n  A roope beltan[8],\n  Als we hoveon for don;\n  And there waren and wakeden,\n  And the Ward soe kept,\n  That the King was harmless,\n  And the Country scatheless.\n\n          _The Bailiffe._\n  \"And a morn, when itt day was,\n  And the sun arisen was,\n  Faier honour weren to us toke,\n  Als us hoveon for to don.\n\n          _The Lords, and the Tenants_\n  Fayre on the staffe we scorden,\n  Als we hoveon for to don,\n  Fayre we him senden,\n  Theder we hoveon for to sende.\n\n          _The Bailiffe._\n  And zif ther is any man\n  That this wittsiggen can\n  Iche am here ready for to don\n  Azens himself, iche one,\n  Other mid him on,\n  Other mid twyn feren,\n  Als we ther weren.\n          ----\n  \"Sir, byleve take this staffe,\n  This is the Tale of the Wardstaffe.\"\n\nIt will be at once apparent that this is a corrupt transcript of a\nsemi-Saxon original of much earlier date; and by comparing it with Morant's\nvery blundering copy, the conjectural corrections I have essayed will be\nperceived to be numerous. Many of then will, however, be found not only\nwarranted, but absolutely necessary, from the accompanying prose account of\nthe ceremony. The MS. from which it was taken by Morant, was an account of\nthe Rents of the hundred of Ongar, in the time of John Stonar of Loughton,\nwho had a grant of it for his life in the 34th year of King Henry VIII. He\nseems to have died 12th June, 1566, holding of the Queen, by the twentieth\npart of a knight's fee, and the yearly rent of 13l. 16s. 4d., the manor,\npark, chase, &c., of Hatfield Broad Oak, with the hundreds of Ongar and\nHarlow; and the _Wardstaff_ of the same hundreds, then valued at 101l. 15s.\n10d. As the _Wardstaff_ is said by Morant to make a considerable figure in\nold records, it is reasonable to hope that a more satisfactory account of\nit may still lie amongst unsunned ancient muniments. All the old Teutonic\njudicial assemblies were, as Sir F. Palgrave remarks, held in the open air,\nbeneath the sky and _by the light of the sun_. The following is a part of\nthe ancient rhyme by which the proceedings of the famous Vehm-Gerichte were\nopened, which were first printed by Schottelius, and the whole of which may\nbe found in Beck's _Geschichte der Westphalischen Fehm-Gerichte_, and in\nSir F. Palgrave's work. The similarity of expression is remarkable.\n\n{59}\n\n  \"All dewile an duessem Dage,\n  Mit yuwer allen behage,\n  Under den HELLEN HIMMEL klar,\n  Ein fry Feld-gericht openbar;\n  Geheget BYM LECHTEN SONNENSHIN\n  Mit noechterm Mund kommen herin,\n  De toel ock is gesettet recht,\n  Dat maht befunden uprecht,\n  So sprecket Recht ane With und Wonne\n  Up Klage und Antwort, WEIL SCHIENT DIE SONNE.\"\n\nI must refer to Morant, to Beckwith or Sir F. Palgrave, for the details of\nthe ceremony of the Wardstaff, which it should appear was observed at least\nas late as the reign of Queen Elizabeth, but in Morant's time it had long\nbeen neglected. In the hope that some of your antiquarian correspondents\nmay be enabled to throw more light on this very curious custom, I will\nmerely add, that Morant suggests that it is possible some elucidation of it\nmight be found \"in the Evidence House in Hatfield Church, where (he says)\nare a great number of writings relating to the priory and lordship.\"\n\nS.W. SINGER.\n\nJan 11. 1851.\n\n[Footnote 3: a\u017eied, cut.]\n\n[Footnote 4: _i.e._ tally, or _score_.]\n\n[Footnote 5: _i.e._ a rope with a _bell_ appended.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBALLAD ASCRIBED TO SIR C. HANBURY WILLIAMS.\n\nBeing engaged on a collection of fugitive pieces by wits of the last\ncentury, yet unprinted, I wish to take the opinion of your valuable\ncorrespondents as to the authorship of the enclosed piece. It has been\npointed out to me in an album, dated at the beginning Feb. 14th, 1743; it\noccurs towards the end of the volume (which is nearly filled), without\ndate, and signed C.H. Williams.\n\nIt is evidently not autograph, being in the hand which mainly pervades the\nbook. Had Sir C.H. Williams been a baronet at the time, his title would\ndoubtless have been attached to his name. I wish to know, first, at what\ndate Sir C.H. Williams was born, became a baronet, and died? Secondly, is\nthere any internal evidence of style that the ballad is by his hand?\nThirdly, is there any clue as to who the fair and cruel Lucy may have been?\nAnd lastly, whether any of your correspondents have seen the thing in print\nbefore?\n\nG.H. BARKER.\n\nWhitwell, Yorkshire.\n\n                  I.\n\n  \"Lips like cherries crimson-juicy,\n    Cheeks like peach's downy shades,\n  Has my Lucy--lovely Lucy!\n    Loveliest of lady's maids!!!\n\n                  II.\n\n  \"Eyes like violet's dew-bespangled,\n    Softly fringed deep liquid eyes!\n  Pools where Cupid might have angled\n    And expected fish to rise.\n\n                  III.\n\n  \"Cupid angling?--what the deuce! he\n    Must not fish in Lucy's eye!\n  Cupid leave alone my Lucy--\n    You have other fish to fry!!!\n\n                  IV.\n\n  \"But with patience unavailing--\n    Angling dangling late and soon--\n  Weeping, still I go a _wail_ing,\n    And _harp on_ without harpoon.\n\n                  V.\n\n  \"Kerchief, towel, duster, rubber,\n    Cannot wipe my weeping dry--\n  _Whal_ing still I lose _my blubber_,\n    Catching _wails_ from Lucy's eye.\n\n          VI.\n\n  \"Blubber--wax and spermaceti--\n    Swealing taper--trickling tear!\n  Writing of a mournful ditty\n    To my lovely Lucy dear.\n\n          VII.\n\n  \"Pouring tears from eyelids sluicy,\n    While the waning flamelet fades,\n  All for Lucy--lovely Lucy,\n    Loveliest of lady's maids.\n\n                  \"C.H. WILLIAMS.\"\n\n    [The foregoing ballad does not appear in the edition of the works of\n    Sir C. Hanbury Williams (3 vols. 8vo. 1822), from the preface to which\n    it appears that he was born in 1709, installed a Knight of the Bath in\n    1746, and died on the 2nd November, 1759.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMINOR QUERIES.\n\n_Book called Tartuare.--William Wallace in London._--1. Is there any one of\nyour correspondents, learned or unlearned, who can oblige me with any\naccount of a printed book called _Tartuare?_ Its date would be early in the\nsixteenth century, if not before this.\n\n2. After William Wallace had been surprised and taken, he was brought to\nLondon, and lodged, it is said, in a part of what is now known as Fenchurch\nStreet. There is a reader and correspondent of yours, who, I am assured,\ncan point out the site of this house, or whatever it was. Will he kindly\nassist archaeological inquirers, by informing us whereabouts it stood?\n\nW.(I.)\n\n_Obeism._--Can any of your readers give me some information about _obeism_?\nI am anxious to know whether it is in itself a religion, or merely a rite\npractised in some religion in Africa, and imported thence to the West\nIndies (where, I am told, it is rapidly gaining ground again); and whether\nthe _obeist_ obtains the immense power he is said to possess over his\nbrother negroes by any acquired art, or simply by working upon the more\nsuperstitious {60} minds of his companions. Any information, however, on\nthe subject will be acceptable.\n\nT.H.\n\nMincing Lane, Jan. 10. 1851.\n\n_Aged Monks._--Ingulphus (_apud Wharton, Anglia Sacra_, 613.) speaks of\nfive monks of Croyland Abbey, who lived in the tenth century, the oldest of\nwhom, he says, attained the age of one hundred and sixty-eight years: his\nname was Clarembaldus. The youngest, named Thurgar, died at the premature\nage of one hundred and fifteen. Can any of your correspondents inform me of\nany similar instance of longevity being recorded in monkish chronicles? I\nremember reading of some old English monks who died at a greater age than\nbrother Thurgar, but omitted to \"make a note of it\" at the time, and should\nnow be glad to find it.\n\nF. SOMNER MERRYWEATHER.\n\nGloucester Place, Kentish Town.\n\n_Lady Alice Carmichael, daughter of John first Earl of Hyndford._--John\nsecond Lord Carmichael succeeded his grandfather in 1672. He was born 28th\nFebruary, 1638, and married, 9th October, 1669, Beatrice Drummond, second\ndaughter of David third Lord Maderty, by whom he had seven sons and _four_\ndaughters. He was created Earl of Hyndford in 1701, and died in 1710.\n\nI wish to be informed (if any of the obliging readers of your valuable\npublication can refer me to the authority) what became of Alice, who is\nnamed among the daughters of this earl in one of the early Scottish\nPeerages (anterior probably to that of Crawfurd, in 1716), but which the\nwriter of this is unable to indicate. Archibald, the youngest son, was born\n15th April, 1693. The Lady Beatrice, the eldest daughter, married, in 1700,\n_Cockburn_; Mary married _Montgomery_; and Anne married _Maxwell_. It is\ntraditionally reported that the Lady Alice, in consequence of her marriage\nwith one of her father's tenants, named Biset or Bisset, gave offence to\nthe family, who upon that contrived to have her name omitted in all\nsubsequent peerages. The late Alexander Cassy, of Pentonville, who\nbequeathed by will several thousand pounds to found a charity at Banff, was\nson of Alexander Cassy of that place, and ---- Biset, one of the daughters,\nsprung from the above-named marriage.\n\nSCOTUS.\n\n\"_A Verse may find Him._\"--In the first stanza of Herbert's poem entitled\nthe _Church Porch_, in the _Temple_, the following lines occur:--\n\n  \"A verse may find him, whom a sermon flies,\n  And turn delight into a sacrifice.\"\n\nWhich contain, evidently, the same idea as the one enunciated in the\nsubsequent ones quoted by Wordsworth (I believe) as a motto prefixed to his\necclesiastical sonnets, without an author assigned:--\n\n  \"A verse may catch a wandering soul that flies\n  More powerful tracts: and by a blest surprise\n  Convert delight into a sacrifice.\"\n\nQuery, Who was the author of them?\n\nR.W.E.\n\nHull.\n\n_Daresbury, the White Chapel of England._--Sometime ago I copied the\nfollowing from a local print:--\n\n    \"'_Nixon's Prophecy._--When a fox without cubs shall sit in the White\n    Chapel of England, then men shall travel to Paris without horses, and\n    kings shall run away and leave their crowns.'\n\n    \"The present incumbent of Daresbury, Cheshire (the White Chapel of\n    England), is the Rev. Mr. Fawkes, who (1849) is unmarried. The striking\n    accomplishment--railway travelling and the revolutions of the present\n    year--must be obvious to every one.\"\n\nMy Query to the above is this: Why is the church of Daresbury called the\nWhite Chapel of England, and how did the name originate? The people in the\nneighbourhood, I understand, know nothing on the subject.\n\nAn answer to the above from one of your learned correspondents would\ngreatly oblige.\n\nJ.G.\n\n_Ulm Manuscript._--Can you inform me where the Ulm manuscript is, which was\nin the possession of Archdeacon Butler, at Shrewsbury, in the year 1832. It\nis a document of great interest, and some critical value, and ought to be,\nif it is not already, in public keeping. It is a Latin MS. of the Acts and\nEpistles, probably of the ninth century, and contains the\nPseudo-Hieronymian Prologue to the \"Canonical\" Epistles.\n\nIt renders the classical passage, 1 John v. 7, 8., in this wise:--\n\n    \"Quia tres sunt qui testimonium dant, spiritus, et aqua, et sanguis, et\n    tres unum sunt. Sicut in coelo tres sunt, Pater, Verbum, et Spiritus,\n    et tres unum sunt.\"\n\nYou will remember that it is quoted by Porson in his _Letters to Travis_,\np. 148., and again referred to by him, pp. 394. 400.\n\nWas it sold on the death of the Bishop of Lichfield, or bequeathed to any\npublic institution? or did it find its way into the possession of the Duke\nof Sussex, who was curious in biblical matters, and was a correspondent of\nDr. Butler? Some of your learned readers will perhaps enable you to trace\nit.\n\nO.T. DOBBIN, LL.D. T.C.D.\n\nHull, Yorkshire, Jan. 1851.\n\n_Merrick and Tattersall._--Will any of your correspondents be so obliging\nas to give the years of _birth_ of Merrick, the poet and versifier of the\nPsalms, and of his biographer, Tattersall. The years of their _deaths_ are\ngiven respectively 1769 {61} and 1829: but I can nowhere find when they\nwere born.\n\nM.\n\n    [Merrick was born in 1720, and Tattersall in 1752.]\n\n_Dr. Trusler's Memoirs._--I have the First Part of the _Memoirs of the Life\nof the Rev. Dr. Trusler, with his Opinions and Remarks through a Long Life\non Men and Manners, written by himself._ Bath. Printed and published by\nJohn Browne, George Street, 1806. This Part is a 4to. of 200 pages, and is\nfull of curious anecdotes of the time. It was intended to form three or\nmore Parts. Was it ever completed: and if so, where to be procured? In all\nmy searches after books, I never met but with this copy.\n\nAt the end of the First Part there is a prospectus of a work Trusler\nintended to publish in the form of a Dictionary (and of which he gives a\nspecimen sheet), entitled _Sententiae Variorum_. Can any of your Bath\nfriends say if the manuscript is still in existence, as he states that it\nis ready for the press; or that he would treat with any party disposed to\nbuy the copyright?\n\nT.\n\n_Life of Bishop Frampton._--I have in my possession a manuscript life of\nBishop Frampton, who was ejected for not taking the oaths to William and\nMary. It is of sufficient detail and interest to deserve publication. But\nbefore I give it to the world, that I may do what justice I can to the\nmemory of so excellent a man, I should be happy to receive the\ncontributions of any of your readers who may happen to possess any thing of\ninterest relating to him. I have reason to believe that several of his\nsermons, the texts of which are given in his life, are still in existence.\nWill you be kind enough to allow your periodical to be the vehicle of this\ninvitation?\n\nT. SIMPSON EVANS.\n\nShoreditch.\n\n_Probabilism._--Will any one inform me by whom the doctrine of Probabilism\nwas first propounded as a system? And whether, when fairly stated, it is\nany thing more than the enunciation of a deep moral principle?\n\nR.P.\n\n_Sir Henry Chauncy's Observations on Wilfred Entwysel._--After recording\nthe inscription on the brass plate in St. Peter's Church, St. Alban's, to\nthe memory of Sir Bertin Entwysel, Knt., Viscount and Baron of Brykbeke in\nNormandy, who fell at the first battle of St. Alban's, in 1455, Chauncy\nproceeds to state:--\n\n    \"These Entwysels were gentlemen of good account in Lancashire, whose\n    mansion-house retains the name of Entwysel, and the last heir of that\n    house was one Wilfred Entwysel, who sold his estate, and served as a\n    lance at Musselborrow Field, Anno 2 Edw. VI. After that he served the\n    Guyes in defence of Meth, and he was one of the four captains of the\n    fort of Newhaven, who being infected with the plague and shipped for\n    England, landed at Portsmouth, and uncertain of any house, in\n    September, 1549, died under a hedge.\"--_Historical Antiq. of\n    Hertfordshire, by Sir Henry Chauncy, Knt., Serj. at Law_, p. 472. fol.\n    1700.\n\nOn what authority is this latter statement made, and if it was traditional\nwhen Chauncy wrote, was the foundation of the tradition good? Did Sir\nBertin Entwysel leave issue male, and is the precise link ascertained which\nconnects him with the family of Entwisle of Entwisle, in the parish of\nBolton-en-le-Moors, in Lancashire? Wilfred Entwysel was not \"the last heir\nof that house,\" as the _post mortem inq._ of Edmund Entwisle, of Entwisle,\nEsq., was taken 14 Sept. 1544, and his son and heir was George Entwisle,\nthen aged twenty-two years and upwards. Amongst his large estates was \"the\nmanor of Entwissell.\"\n\nF.R.R.\n\n_Theological Tracts._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where the\nfollowing tracts are to be found?--\n\n  \"_Pattern of the Present Temple_,\"\n  \"_Garnish of the Soul_,\"\n  \"_Soldier of Battle_,\"\n  \"_Hunt of the Fox_,\"\n  \"_Fardle of Fashions_,\"\n  \"_Gamer's Arraign_,\"\n  and a work entitled \"_Vaux's Catechism_.\"\n\nI am sorry not to be able to give a more minute description of them; they\nwere all published, I think, before the middle of the seventeenth century.\n\nThe Bodleian and our own University Libraries have been searched, but to no\npurpose.\n\nS.G.\n\n_Lady Bingham._--In _Blackwood's Magazine_, vol. lxviii. p. 141. there is a\npaper, bearing every mark of authenticity, which details the unsuccessful\ncourtship of Sir Symonds D'Ewes with Jemima, afterwards Baroness Crewe, and\ndaughter of Edward Waldgrave, Esq., of Lawford House in Essex, and Sarah\nhis wife. It is stated that the latter bore the name of Lady Bingham, as\nbeing the widow of a knight, and that his monument may still be seen in\nLawford church. On referring to the Suckling Papers, published by Weale, I\nfind no account of this monument, though an inscription of that of Edward\nWaldgrave, Esq., apparently his father-in-law, is given. Can any of your\nreaders give me any information as to this lady? I should, if possible, be\nglad to have her maiden name and origin, as well as that of her first\nhusband. She might have been the widow of Sir Richard Bingham, Governor of\nConnaught, &c., whose MS. account of the Irish wars is now publishing by\nthe Celtic Society, and who died A.D. 1598. In that case, I leave a\nconjecture before me, that she was a Kingsmill of Sidmanton, in Hampshire.\nI mention this to aid enquiry, if any one will be so good as to make it. If\nthere is such a monument in existence, his arms may be quartered on it, for\nwhich I should be also thankful.\n\nC.W.B. {62}\n\n_Gregory the Great._--Lady Morgan, in her letter to Cardinal Wiseman,\nspeaks of \"the pious and magnificent Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, the ally\nof Gregory _the Great_, and the foundress of his power through her wealth\nand munificence.\" By Gregory the Great it is evident that Lady Morgan means\nHildebrand, or Gregory VII. May ask, through the medium of your pages,\nwhether any authority can be found for terming Gregory VII. _the Great_, an\nepithet which I had previously considered to be confined to Gregory I.?\n\nEGENHART.\n\n_John Hill's Penny Post, in_ 1659.--I noted a few years back, from a\nbookseller's catalogue, the title of a work--\n\n    \"Hill (John), a Penny-Post; or a vindication of the liberty of every\n    Englishman in carrying Merchants' and other Men's letters against any\n    restraints of farmers of such employments. 4to. 1659.\"\n\nCan any of your correspondents give an account of this work?\n\nE.M.B.\n\n_Andrea Ferrara._--Will any kind friend inform me where any history is to\nbe found of \"Andrea Ferrara,\" the sword cutler?\n\nV.E.L.\n\n_Imputed Letters of Sallustius._--Can any of your correspondents inform me\nwhether a MS. of the _Epistles of Sallustius to Caesar on Statesmanship_ is\ndeposited in any one of our public libraries?\n\nKENNETH R.H. MACKENZIE.\n\nJanuary 18. 1851.\n\n_Thomas Rogers of Horninger_ (Vol. ii., pp. 424. 521.).--I am obliged to\nMr. Kersley for his reference to Rose's Biographical Dictionary; but he\nmight have supposed that all such ordinary sources of information would\nnaturally be consulted before your valuable journal be troubled with a\nquery. Having reason to believe that Rogers took an active part in the\nstirring events of his time, I shall be much obliged to any of your\ncorrespondents who will refer me to any _incidental_ notices of him in\ncotemporary or other writers: to diffuse which kind of information your\npaper seems to me to have been instituted.\n\nS.G.\n\n_Tandem D.O.M._--In an ancient mansion, which stands secluded in the\ndistant recesses of Cornwall, there reposes a library nearly as ancient as\nthe edifice itself, in the long gallery of which it has been almost the\nsole furniture for a space of full two centuries. What is still remarkable,\nthe collection remains sole and entire in all its pristine originality, as\nwell as simple but substantial bindings, uncontaminated by any additions of\nmore modern literature, dressed up in gayer suits of calfskin or morocco.\nIt is even said that few of the pages of these venerable volumes have even\nseen the light since the day they were deposited there by their first most\ncareful owner, till the present proprietor took the liberty of giving them\na dusting. How far he has advanced in examining their contents is\nuncertain; but, as he seldom can summon courage to withdraw himself from\ntheir company, even for his parliamentary duties, these literary treasures\nstand a chance, at last, not only of being dusted externally, but of being\nthoroughly sifted and explored internally. A note of the existence of such\na collection of books is at least worth recording as unique of its kind. I\nhave now a query to put in relations to it.\n\nThe collector seems to have been one Hannibal Gamon, whose name appears\nwritten in fine bold characters,--as beseems so distinguished an\nappellation,--on the title-page of each volume; but, besides, there is\nfrequently appended this addition--\"_tandem D.O.M._\" The writer has his own\nsolution on the meaning of this bit of Latin, but would be glad to know\nwhat interpretation any of your readers would be inclined to put thereon.\n\nFABER MARINUS.\n\n_The Episcopal Mitre._--When first was the episcopal mitre used? And what\nwas the origin of its peculiar form?\n\nAN ENQUIRER.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPLIES.\n\nTHE PASSAGE IN TROILUS AND CRESSIDA.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 386.)\n\nThe oldest edition of this play is the quarto of 1609, in which the passage\nreferred to stands thus:--\n\n  \"_Hect._ Begon, I say, the gods have heard me sweare.\n\n  \"_Cas._ The gods are deafe to hotte and peevish vowes,\n    They are polluted offrings more abhord,\n    Then spotted livers in the sacrifice.\n\n  \"_And._ O be perswaded, do not count it holy,\n    It is the purpose that makes strong the vow,\n    But vowes to every purpose must not hold:\n    Unarme, sweet Hector.\"\n\nThis reading, by stopping the sense at \"holy,\" renders less likely to be\ncorrect the emendation of Tyrwhitt, adopted by Malone:--\n\n  \"O be persuaded: do not count it holy\n  To hurt by being just: it is as lawful,\n  For we would give much to use violent thefts,\n  And rob in the behalf of charity.\"\n\nDr. Johnson observes, \"This is so oddly confused in the folio, that I\ntranscribe it as a specimen of incorrectness:--\n\n                  '----do not count it holy\n  To hurt by being just: it is as lawful\n  For we would count give much to as violent thefts,' &c.\"\n\nWith reference to these particulars, I should be glad if you would allow me\nto propose a reading which has not yet been suggested:--\n\n{63}\n\n  \"O be persuaded; do not count it holy:\n  To hurt, by being just, count it unlawful:\n  For we would give, as much, to violent thefts,\n  And rob, in the behalf of charity.\"\n\nThe meaning being, it is as unlawful to do hurt by being just, as it would\nbe to _give_ to a robbery, or to _rob_ for a charity; to assist a bad cause\nby a good deed, or a good cause by a bad deed.\n\nThe word \"count,\" in its second occurrence, was inserted by the printer in\nthe wrong line; when it is restored to its proper place, the passage\npresents but little difficulty.\n\nJOHN TAYLOR.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBLACK IMAGES OF THE VIRGIN.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 510.)\n\nYour correspondent, MR. HOLT WHITE, throws cut a suggestion relative to the\norigin of the black doll as a sign at old store shops, which is ingenious,\nbut not very probable. The images of black virgins are confined, I believe,\nto the south of Europe, with the exception of the celebrated shrine of\nEinsiedeln in Switzerland. The origin of the colour appears to be oriental,\nas MR. W. surmises. I send the following extract, in answer to his query on\nthe subject. It is a quotation from Grimm, in M. Michelet's _Introduction\nto Universal History_; and, as your readers must be all familiar with the\nlanguage of the gifted historian, I will not make the attempt to convey his\nbrilliant style into another tongue.\n\n    \"Une des idees qui reviennent le plus dans nos meistersinger, dit\n    Grimm, c'est la comparaison de l'incarnation de Jesus Christ avec\n    _l'aurore d'un nouveau soleil_. Toute religion avait eu son\n    soleil-dieu, et des le quatrieme siecle l'eglise occidentale celebre la\n    naissance du Christ au jour ou le soleil remonte, au 25 Decembre,\n    c'est-a-dire, au jour ou l'on celebrait la naissance du _soleil\n    invincible_. C'est un rapport evident avec le soleil-dieu Mithra. On\n    lit encore, dans nos poetes, que Jesus a sa naissance reposait sur le\n    sein de Marie, comme un oiseau, qui, le soir, se refugie dans une fleur\n    de _nuit_ eclose au milieu de la mer. Quel rapport remarquable avec le\n    mythe de la naissance de Brama, enferme dans le lis des eaux, le lotus,\n    jusqu'au jour ou la fleur fut ouverte par les rayons du soleil,\n    c'est-a-dire, par Vischnou lui-meme, qui avait produit cette fleur. Le\n    Christ, le Nouveau-jour, est ne de la nuit, c'est-a-dire de Marie la\n    _Noire_, dont les pied reposent sur la lune, et dont la tete est\n    couronnee de planetes comme d'un brillant diademe. (Voyez les tableaux\n    d'Albert Duerer.) Ainsi reparait, comme dans l'ancien culte, cette\n    grande divinite, appelee tour-a-tour Maia, Bhawani, Isis, Ceres,\n    Proserpine, Persephone. Reine du ciel, elle est la nuit d'ou sort la\n    vie, et ou toute vie se replonge; mysterieuse reunion de la vie et de\n    la mort. Elle s'appelle aussi la rosee, et dans les mythes allemands,\n    la rosee est consideree comme le principe qui reproduit et redonne la\n    vie. Elle n'est pas seulement la nuit, mais comme mere du soleil, elle\n    est aussi l'aurore devant qui les planetes brillent et s'empressent,\n    comme pour Persephone. Lorsqu'elle signifie la terre, comme Ceres, elle\n    est representee avec la gerbe de ble; elle est Persephone, la graine de\n    semence; comme cette deesse, elle a sa faucille: c'est la demi-lune qui\n    repose sous ses pieds. Enfin, comme la deesse d'Ephese, la triste Ceres\n    et Proserpine, elle est belle et brillante, et cependant sombre et\n    noire, selon l'expression du Cantique des Cantiques: 'Je suis noir,\n    mais pleine de charmes, le soleil m'a brulee' (le Christ). Encore\n    aujourd'hui, l'image de la mere de Dieu est noire a Naples, comme a\n    Einsiedeln en Suisse. Elle unit ainsi le jour et la nuit, la joie avec\n    la tristesse, le soleil et la lune (chaleur, humidite), le terrestre et\n    le celeste.\"\n\nThis fragment is, perhaps, rather too long; but I think your readers will\nconsider it too beautiful to abridge. The late G. Higgins, in his\n_Anacalepsis_ (ii. 100.), has some observations to the same purport, and\npoints out the resemblance of some of the old Italian paintings of the\nVirgin and Child to Egyptian representations of Isis and the infant Horus.\n\nMany of these ideas have been taken up by the free-masons, and are typified\nand symbolised in their initiatory ceremonies.\n\nJ.B. DITCHFIELD.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nOUTLINE IN PAINTING.\n\nA correspondent (J.O.W.H.) at p. 318. of Vol. i. asks a question on the\nsubject of outline in painting; instancing the works of Albert Durer and\nRaffaelle as examples of defined, and those of Titian, Murillo, &c., of\nindefined outline. He wishes to know whether there is \"a right and a wrong\nin the matter, apart from anything which men call taste?\"\n\nThe subject generally is a curious one, and has interested me for some\ntime; as experiments exhibit several singular phenomena resulting from the\ninterference and diffraction of rays of light in passing by the outline of\na material body. As a matter of fact, I believe I may say, that there is no\nsuch thing in nature as a perfectly defined outline; since the diffraction\nof the rays, in passing it, causes them to be projected upon it more or\nless, according to the nature of the particular body, and the intensity of\nthe light. And I may remark, by the way, that I believe this circumstance\nof the projection of a star upon the moon's disc at the time of an\noccultation, is to be accounted for on this principle (though with all due\ndeference to higher authority); a phenomenon which is to this day\nunexplained.\n\nOf course every outline is rendered less defined by any motion of the eye\nof the observer, however slight. Hence, perhaps, the comparative\nindistinctness of outline commonly seen in pictures, compared with those in\nnature; as the artist {64} would be apt to take advantage of this\ncircumstance, and give to his painting the same kind of effect the reality\nwould have to an eye wandering over it; thereby taking away the attention\nfrom individual parts, and, as it were, forcing it to judge of the general\neffect, which general effect is, perhaps, the main object in painting.\n\nHence it follows that wherever, in any design, separate portions are\nintended to arrest attention, the outline should be more defined and,\naccordingly, we may remark that Albert Durer, and others like him, who were\nvery careful of minutiae, are also distinct and hard in their outlines,\nwhich is also the case, for the most part, in the Dutch school, and in\narchitectural paintings, fruit-pieces, &c.; and we find that in proportion\nas the artist discards the comparatively unworthy minute accompaniments of\nhis subject, and aims at unity of effect, so does he neglect sharpness of\noutline. Which is the _correct_ practice--distinctness, or indistinctness\nof outline--will be differently judged by those who hold different opinions\non painting in general. While one person will maintain that a picture, to\nbe perfect, must be an exact copy of nature, in short an artistic\ndaguerreotype; another will hold almost the contrary; so that the subject\nof outline must be matter of opinion still. However, the lover of general\neffect has this rational ground of argument on his side, viz., there is no\nsuch thing as a strictly defined outline in nature, even to an eye at rest;\nwhile to one in motion, which is perhaps the normal state, that outline is\nrendered still more indistinct.\n\nH.C.K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford, Dec. 28. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTEN CHILDREN AT A BIRTH.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 459.)\n\nThe curiosity excited by the perusal of my previous communication under the\nforegoing head, and the interesting editorial note appended in \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES,\" induce me to continue the attempt to verify one of the most\nremarkable instances of abnormal fecundity in an individual of the human\nspecies recorded in modern times. The reader must judge of the following\n\"circumstantial evidence:\"--\n\n1. I have just seen widow Platts (formerly Sarah Birch), a poor, fat,\ndecent woman, who keeps a small greengrocer's shop, in West Bar, Sheffield.\nShe says she was born in Spring Street in the same town, on the 29th Sept.\n1781; well remembers wondering why she was so much looked at when a girl:\nand her surprise, when afterwards told by her mother, that she was one of\nten children born at the same time. Had often been told that she was so\nsmall at birth, that she was readily put into a quart measure; and for some\ntime, lay in a basket before the fire \"wrapped in a flannel like a newly\nhatched chicken.\"\n\n2. The improbability of finding any living gossip who was present at the\nbirth, must be obvious: but I have conversed with old women who had heard\ntheir mothers describe the occurrence from personal knowledge.\n\n3. One ancient dame had no more doubt of the fact than the cause of it.\nHaving apparently heard and believed a monstrous tradition of a\nmultitudinous gestation extant in common \"folklore.\" \"It was,\" said she,\nwith all gravity, \"the effect of a wish,\" intended to spite the father;\nwho, having had two children by his wife, and an interval of _nine years_\nelapsing before the portentous pregnancy in question, did not desire, it\nseems, any further increase to his family.\n\n4. The parents died, the daughter married, and the \"story of her birth\" was\nforgotten: until the publication of White's _Sheffield Directory_ in 1833,\nwhen, among other local memorabilia, the strange announcement of \"ten\nchildren at birth,\" was reproduced on the contemporary authority of the\n_Leeds Mercury_. From that time Mrs. Platts has been more or less an object\nof curiosity.\n\n5. The _Directory_ paragraph is as follows:--\n\n    \"An instance of _extraordinary fecundity_ is recorded in the _Leeds\n    Mercury_ of 1781, which says that _Ann_ [Sarah] _Birch_, of Sheffield,\n    was, in that year, _delivered of ten children!!!_ We, in our time, have\n    heard of Sheffield ladies having three children at birth; but we know\n    no other case, but that of the aforesaid Mrs. Birch, which countenances\n    the fructiferous fame which they have obtained in some circles.\"\n\nI have been unsuccessful in an effort to collate the foregoing with the\noriginal newspaper paragraph: but Mr. White, while he personally assured me\nof the veracity of the transcript, also pointed out to me an earlier\nversion of the same fact from the same source in the _Annals of the\nClothing Districts_, published about thirty years since.\n\n6. In conformity with the suggestion (NOTES AND QUERIES, Vol. ii., p. 459),\nI have examined the Parish Register of Baptisms, but the entry is as curt\nand formal as possible, viz.:--\n\n    \"Sarah, Dr. of Thos. and Sarah Birch, Cutler,\"\n\nunder the date, Dec. 12.1781.\n\nTaking all the foregoing circumstances into account, there seems to me\nlittle ground for the erection of any strong objection to the alleged\nfact--extraordinary as it is--of ten children having been brought forth at\none time; or, to the hardly less interesting coincidence, that one of them\nis still living. I cannot but add, that if the contemporary notice of this\nextraordinary birth in the _Leeds Mercury_ of 1781 should not be admitted\nas good evidence for the fact, it does, at least, negative the presumptive\nvalue of any objection {65} derived from the silence of the writer in the\n_Philosophical Transactions_ six years afterwards; strange as such silence\nassuredly appears. After all, the question occurs: What has become of the\nbodies said to have been preserved? As all parties concur in naming \"old\nMr. Staniforth\" as the accoucheur in attendance on Mrs. Birch; and as that\ngentleman has been dead many years, I called upon his eldest surviving\npupil, Mr. Nicholson, surgeon, to ask him whether, in conversation, or\namong the preparations in the surgery of his worthy master, he had ever met\nwith any illustration of the parturition in question? He replied that he\nhad not. It may not, perhaps, be out of place here to mention that the\nabove-named Mr. Nicholson, surgeon, himself delivered a poor woman of five\nchildren, on the 10th of February, 1829, at Handsworth Woodhouse, near\nSheffield. This case was even more remarkable than that which gave occasion\nto the paper which was read before the Royal Society in 1787, inasmuch as\nnot only were four of the children born alive, but three of them lived to\nbe baptized.\n\nN.D.\n\nSheffield, Jan. 13. 1851.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSHAKSPEARE'S USE OF \"CAPTIOUS.\"\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 354.)\n\nIn _All's Well that Ends Well_, Act I. Sc. 3., Helena says to the Countess,\nspeaking of her love for Bertram,--\n\n  \"I know I love in vain; strive against hope;\n  Yet, in this captious and intenible sieve,\n  I still pour in the waters of my love,\n  And lack not to lose still.\"\n\nIt is not without hesitation that I venture to oppose MR. SINGER on a point\non which he is so well entitled to give an opinion. But I cannot help\nthinking that MR. SINGER'S explanation, besides being somewhat too refined\nand recondite, is less applicable to the general sense and drift of the\npassage than that of Steevens, which Malone and Mr. Collier have adopted.\n\nWhat I think wanting to Steevens' interpretation, is an increase, if I may\nso express myself, of intensity. He takes the word, I conceive, in its\nright bearing, but does not give it all the requisite force. I should\nsuggest that it means not merely \"_recipient_, capable of receiving,\" but,\nto coin a word, _captatious_, eager or greedy to receive, absorbing; as we\nsay _avidum mare_, or a _greedy gulf_. The Latin analogous to it in this\nsense would be, not _capax_, or MR. SINGER'S _captiosus_, but _captax_, or\n_captabundus_; neither of which words, however, occurs.\n\nThe sense of the word, like that of many others in the same author, must be\ndetermined by the scope and object of the passage in which it is used. The\nobject of Helena, in declaring her love to the Countess, is to show the\nall-absorbing nature of it; to prove that she is _tota in illo_; and that,\nhowever she may strive to stop the cravings of it, her endeavours are of no\nmore use than the attempt to fill up a bottomless abyss.\n\nThe reader may, if he pleases, compare her case with that of other heroines\nin like predicaments. Thus Medaea, in _Apollonius Rhodius_:\n\n    [Greek: \"Pante moi phrenes eisin amechanoi, oude tis alke Pematos.\"]\n\nAnd the same lady in _Ovid_:\n\n  \"---- Luctata diu, postquam ratione furorem,\n  Vincere non poterat. Frustra, Medea, repugnas.\n          ----\n  Excute virgineo conceptas pectore flammas,\n  Si potes, infelix. Si possem sanior essem:\n  Sed trahit invitam nova vis.\"\n\nOr Dido, in _Virgil_ or _Ovid_:\n\n  \"Ille quidem male gratus, et ad munera surdus;\n    Et quo si non sim stulta carere velim:\n  Non tamen AEneam, quamvis male cogitat, odi;\n    Sed queror infidum, questaque pejus amo.\"\n\nOr Phaedra, in _Seneca_:\n\n              ----\"Furor cogit sequi\n  Pejora: vadit animus in praeceps sciens,\n  Remeatque, frustra sana consilia appetens.\n  Sic cum gravatam navita adversa ratem\n  Propellit unda, cedit in vanum labor,\n  Et victa prono puppis aufertur vado.\"\n\nThe complaints of all are alike; they lament that they make attempts to\nresist their passion, but find it not to be resisted; that they are obliged\nat last to yield themselves entirely to it, and to feel their whole\nthoughts, as it were, swallowed up by it.\n\nSuch being the way in which Shakspeare represents Helena, and such the\nsentiments which he puts into her mouth, it seems evident that the\ninterpretation of _captious_ in the sense of _absorbent_ is better adapted\nto the passage than the explanation of it in the sense of _fallacious_.\n\n    \"I know I love in vain, and strive against hope; yet into this\n    _insatiable_ and _unretaining_ sieve I still pour in the waters of my\n    love, and fail not to lose still.\"\n\nI said that the sense of _fallacious_ seemed to be too refined and\nrecondite. To believe that Shakspeare borrowed his _captious_ in this\nsense, from the Latin _captiosus_, we must suppose that he was well\nacquainted with the exact sense of the Latin word; a supposition which, in\nregard to a man who had _small Latin_, we can scarcely be justified in\nentertaining. This interpretation is, therefore, too recondite: and to\nimagine Helena as applying the word to Bertram as being \"_incapable of\nreceiving_ her love,\" and \"truly _captious_\" (or deceitful and ensnaring)\n\"in that respect,\" is surely to indulge in too much refinement of\nexposition.\n\nThat Shakspeare had in his mind, as MR. SINGER {66} suggests, the\npunishment of the Danaides, is extremely probable; but this only makes the\nexplanation of _captious_ in the sense of _absorbent_ more applicable to\nthe passage, with which that of Seneca, quoted above, may be aptly\ncompared.\n\nI am sorry that Johnson was so unfortunate as to propose _carious_ as an\nemendation; but even in doing this, he had, according to my notion of the\nlines, the right sense in view, viz., that of _letting through_ or\n_swallowing up_, like a rotten tub or a quicksand.\n\nI hope that MR. SINGER will take these remarks in good part, as being\noffered, not from a wish to oppose his opinion, but from a conviction that\nthe interpretation now given is right, and from a desire that to every word\nin Shakspeare should be assigned its true signification.\n\nJ.S.W.\n\nStockwell.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nSWORD OF WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR.\n\n(Vol. iii., p. 24.)\n\nThere can be little doubt that the sword respecting which P. inquires is in\nthe armoury at Goodrich Court. It was presented by Lord Viscount Gage to\nthe late Sir Samuel Meyrick, and exhibited by Dr. Meyrick to the Society of\nAntiquaries, Nov. 23. 1826. The Doctor's letter is to be found in the\nAppendix to the _Archaeologia_ of that date, with an engraving of the sword.\nHe states that the arms on the pommel are those of Battle Abbey, that its\ndate is about A.D. 1430, and that it was the symbol of the criminal\njurisdiction of the abbot. At the dissolution of the abbey it fell into the\nhands of Sir John Gage, who was one of the commissioners for taking the\nsurrender of religious houses.\n\nIts entire length is 3 feet 5 inches, and the breadth of the blade at the\nguard 2 inches. The Doctor considers it to be \"the oldest perfect sword in\nEngland.\" The arms are a cross, with a crown in the first and last\nquarters, and a sword in the second and third. There are also the letters\nT.L., the initials of the Abbot, Thomas de Lodelow, who held that office\nfrom 1417 to 1437. This fixes its date in the reign of Henry V., though the\nfact of the first William having been the founder of Battle Abbey has given\ncolour to the tradition of its having been his property.\n\nW.J. BERNHARD SMITH.\n\nTemple.\n\nI much doubt the fact of the Conqueror's sword ever having been in the\npossession of the monks of Battle. Nor am I aware of any writer\ncontemporary with the dissolution of that famous abbey who asserts it.\nWilliam's royal robe, adorned with precious gems, and a feretory in the\nform of an altar, inclosing 300 relics of the saints, were bequeathed by\nhim to the monastery; and Rufus transmitted them to Battle, where they were\nduly received on the 8th of the calends of November, 1088. This information\nis furnished by the _Chronicle of Battel Abbey_, which I have just\ntranslated for the press; but not one word is said of the sword.\n\nThough I have always lived within a few miles of Firle Place, the seat of\nthe Gages, and though I am tolerably well acquainted with the history and\ntraditions of that noble family, I never heard of the sword mentioned by P.\nHad that relic really been preserved at Battle till the time of Henry\nVIII., it is not improbable that it might have come into Sir John Gage's\nhands with the manor of Aleiston, of which he was grantee, while his\nson-in-law, Sir Anthony Browne, became possessor of the abbey itself.\n\nWill P. have the goodness to mention the source from which he obtained his\nstatement?\n\nMARK ANTONY LOWER.\n\nLewes.\n\nIn reply to the Query respecting the sword of William the Conqueror (Vol.\niii., p. 24.), I am enabled to inform you that the sword, and also the\ncoronation robes, of William the Conqueror, were, together with the\noriginal \"Roll of Battel,\" kept in the church or chapel of Battel Abbey\nuntil it was dismantled at the Reformation; when they were transferred to\nthe part of the abbey which remained, and which became the possession and\nhabitation of Sir Anthony Browne, Master of the Horse to Henry VIII. These\nprecious relics continued in the possession of his descendants, who were\ncreated Lords Mountacute; and when Battel Abbey was sold by them to the\nancestor of the present owner, they conveyed them to Cowdray Park, Sussex,\nwhere they remained until they were destroyed in the lamentable fire which\nburned down that mansion; and which, by a singular coincidence, took place\non the same day that its owner, the last male representative of the Brownes\nLords Mountacute, was drowned in a rash attempt to descend the falls of\nSchaffhausen in a boat.\n\nE.H.Y.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMEANING OF EISELL.\n\n(Vol. ii., pp. 241. 286. 315. 329)\n\nAfter all that has been written on this subject in \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\"\nfrom MR. SINGER'S proposition of wormwood in No. 46., to MR. HICKSON'S\napproval of it in No. 51., the question remains substantially where\nSteevens and Malone had left it so many years agone.\n\nIt is not necessary to discuss whether vinegar, verjuice, or wormwood be\nthe preferable translation of the Shakspearian word; for before either of\nthem can be received, the advocate is bound to {67} accommodate his\nexposition to Shakspeare's sentence, and to \"get over the _drink up_,\"\nwhich still stands in his way as it did in that of Malone.\n\nMR. SINGER get over the difficulty by simply saying \"to _drink up_ was\ncommonly used for simply to _drink_.\" The example he quotes, however,--\n\n                  \"I will drink\n  Potions of eysell,\"--\n\nis not to his purpose; it is only an equivalent by the addition of the\nwords \"_potions of_\" to give it the same definite character. Omit those\nwords, and the question remains as before.\n\nMR. HICKSON (Vol. ii., p. 329.) has laid down \"a canon of criticism for the\nguidance of commentators in questions of this nature,\" so appropriate and\nvaluable, that I cannot except to be bound by it in these remarks; and if\nin the sequel his own argument (and his friend's proposition to boot) shall\nbe blown up by his own petard, it will show the instability of the cause he\nhas espoused.\n\n    \"Master the _grammatical construction_ of the passage in question (if\n    from a drama, in it dramatic and scenic application), deducing\n    therefrom the general sense, before you attempt to amend or fix the\n    meaning of a doubtful word.\"\n\nSuch is the canon; and Mr. HICKSON proceeds to observe, in language that\nmust meet the approval of every student of the immortal bard, that--\n\n    \"Of all writers, none exceed Shakspeare in _logical correctness_ and\n    nicety of expression. With a vigour of though and command of language\n    attained by no man besides, it is fair to conclude, that _he would not\n    be guilty of faults of construction such as would disgrace a\n    schoolboy's composition_.\"\n\nWith this canon so ably laid down, and these remarks so apposite, MR.\nHICKSON, taking up the weak point which Mr. SINGER had slurred over,\nobserves--\n\n    \"_Drink up_ is synonymous with _drink off_, _drink to the dregs_. A\n    child taking medicine is urged to 'drink it up.'\"\n\nAy, exactly so; drink up what? _the_ medicine; again a defined quantity;\ndregs and all,--still a _definite_ quantity.\n\nMR. HICKSON proceeds:\n\n    \"The idea of the passage appears to be that each of the acts should go\n    beyond the last preceding in extravagance.\n\n      'Woo't weep? woo't fight? woo't fast? woo't tear thyself?\n      Woo't drink up eisell?'\n\n    and then comes the climax--'eat a crocodile?' Here is a regular\n    succession of feats, the last but one of which is sufficiently wild,\n    though not unheard of, and leading to the crowning extravagance. The\n    notion of drinking up a river would be both unmeaning and out of\n    place.\"\n\nFrom this argument two conclusions are the natural consequences: first,\nthat from _drinking up_ wormwood,--a feat \"sufficiently wild but not\nunheard of,\" to eating a crocodile, is only a \"regular succession of\nevents;\" and, secondly, that the \"crowning extravagance,\" to eat a\ncrocodile, is, after all, neither \"unmeaning\" nor \"out of place;\" but, on\nthe contrary, quite in keeping and in orderly succession to a \"drink up\" of\nthe bitter infusion.\n\nMR. SINGER (vol. ii., p. 241.) says:\n\n    \"Numerous passages of our old dramatic writers show that it was a\n    fashion with the gallants of the time to do some extravagant feat as\n    proof of their love.\"\n\nI quite agree with him, if he mean to say that the early dramatists ascribe\nto their gallants a fashion which in reality belongs to the age of Du\nGueslin and the Troubadours. But Hamlet himself, in the context of the\npassage in question, gives the key to his whole purport, when, after some\nfurther extravagance, he says:\n\n                  \"Nay, an thoul't mouth,\n  I'll rant as well as thou.\"\n\nThat being so, why are we to conclude that each feat of daring is to be a\ntame possibility, save only the last--the crowning extravagance? Why not\nalso the one preceding? Why not a feat equally of mere verbiage and rant?\nWhy not a river?\n\nAdopting MR. HICKSON'S canon of criticism, the grammatical construction of\nthe passage requires that a definite substantive shall be employed to\nexplain the definite something that is to be done. Shakspeare says--\n\n  \"Woul't drink up esile?\"[9]\n\n--a totality in itself, without the expression of quantity to make it\ndefinite. If we read \"drink up wormwood,\" what does it imply? It may be the\nsmallest possible quantity,--an ordinary dose of bitters; or a pailful,\nwhich would perhaps meet the \"madness\" of Hamlet's daring. Thus the little\nmonosyllable \"up\" must be disposed of, or a quantity must be expressed to\nreconcile MR. SINGER'S proposition with Mr. HICKSON'S canon and the\ngrammatical sense of Shakspeare's line.\n\nIf with Steevens we understand _esile_ to be a river, \"the Danish river\n_Oesil_, which empties itself into the Baltic,\" the _Yssel_, _Wessel_, or\nany other river, real or fictitious, the sense is clear. Rather let\nShakspeare have committed a geographical blunder on the information of his\nday, than break {68} Priscian's head by modern interpretation of his words.\nIf we read \"_drink up esile_\" as one should say, \"_woul't drink up\nThames?_\"--a task as reasonably impossible as setting it on fire\n(nevertheless a proverbial expression of a thirsty soul, \"He'll drink the\nThames dry\"),--the task is quite in keeping with the whole tenor of\nHamlet's extravagant rant.\n\nH.K.S.C.\n\nBrixton.\n\n[Footnote 6:  So the folio, according to my copy. It would be advantageous,\nperhaps, to note the spelling in the earliest edition of the sonnet whence\nMR. SINGER quotes \"_potions of eysell_:\" a difference, if there be any,\nwould mark the distinction between Hamlet's river and the Saxon\nderivative.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nALTAR LIGHTS, ETC.\n\n(Vol. ii., p. 495. Vol. iii., p. 30.)\n\nThe following passage from the works of a deeply pious and learned Caroline\nDivine, which I have never before seen quoted, merits, I think, a place in\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES:\"--\n\n    \"As our Lord himself, so his Gospel also, is called Light, and was\n    therefore anciently never read without a burning taper, '_etiam Sole\n    rutilante_' ('tis Saint Hierome's testimony), though it were lighted in\n    the sun.... The careful Church, perceiving that God was so much taken\n    with this outward symbol of the Light, could do no less than go on with\n    the ceremony. Therefore, the day of Our Lord's nativity was to be\n    called [Greek: epiphania], or, appearing of the Light; and so many\n    tapers were to be set up the night before, as might give name to the\n    vigil, '_Vigilia Luminum_'. And the ancients did well to send lights\n    one to another, whatsoever some think of the Christmas candle. The\n    receiving of this Light in Baptism, though called not usually so, but\n    [Greek: photismos], Illumination, which further to betoken the rites,\n    were to celebrate this sacrament [Greek: haptomenon panton ton keron],\n    etc., with all the tapers lighted, etc., as the order in the\n    Euchologus. The Neophytus, also, or new convert, received a Taper\n    lighted and delivered by the Mystagogus, which for the space of seven\n    days after, he was to hold in his hand at Divine service, sitting in\n    the Baptistery.\n\n    \"Who perceiveth not that by this right way the Tapers came into the\n    Church, mysteriously placed with the Gospel upon the altar as an emblem\n    of the Truer Light?...\n\n    \"The Funeral Tapers (however thought of by some) are of the same\n    harmless import. Their meaning is, to show that the departed souls are\n    not quite put out, but having walked here as the Children of the Light,\n    are now going to walk before God in the Light of the Living. The sun\n    never rose to the ancients, no, not so much as a candle was lighted,\n    but of this signification. '_Vincamus_' was their word, whensoever the\n    Lights came in; [Greek: phos gar ten Niken], etc., for Light (saith\n    Phavorinus) betokeneth victory. It was to show what trust they put in\n    the Light, in whom we are more than conquerors. Our meaning is the same\n    when, at the bringing in of a candle, we use to put ourselves in mind\n    of the Light of Heaven: which those who list to call superstition do\n    but 'darken counsel by words without knowledge.' _Job_ xxxviii.\n    2.\"--Gregorie's _Works_, 4th ed. p. 110. Lond. 1684.\n\nI believe it is a fact, that in some churches (I hope not many) lamps or\ncandles are placed on the altar _unlighted_ during divine service. Now I\nwould not quarrel with persons who have objections to altar lights, &c.,\nbut I have no patience with that worse than superstition which would place\n_unlighted_ candles on the altar,--if they symbolize any thing, it is\ndamnation, excommunication, misery, and dark woe.\n\nComing out of a church one time in which unlighted candles were\nostentatiously displayed, I was forcibly reminded of an hieroglyphical of\nQuarles--an extinguished taper,--and under it the words, \"_Sine lumine\ninane_.\"\n\n  \"How canst thou be useful to the sight?\n  What is the taper not endued with light?\"\n\nI can hardly refrain from quoting here a beautiful passage from Wordsworth:\n\n  \"Our ancestors within the still domain\n  Of vast cathedral, or conventual gloom,\n  Their vigils kept: when tapers day and night\n  On the dim altar burn'd continually,\n  In token that the house was evermore\n  Watching to God. Religious men were they,\n  Nor would their reason, tutor'd to aspire\n  Above this transitory world, allow\n  That there should pass a moment of the year\n  When in their land the Almighty's service ceased.\"\n\nAny communication of interest of the above subject will much oblige\n\nJARLTZBERG.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.\n\n_Handbell before a Corpse_ (Vol. ii., p. 478.).--It is usual, at the\nfuneral of any member of the University of Oxford, for the University\nmarshal and bellman to attend in the character of _mutes_. As the\nprocession moves along, the latter rings his bell at about half-minute\ntime. I have witnessed it also when the deceased has been one of the family\nof a member of the University, and when he has been a matriculated person.\nI have never considered it as anything but _a cast of the bellman's\noffice_, to add more solemnity to the occasion.\n\n[Hebrew: b].\n\nL---- Rectory. Somerset.\n\n_Sir George Downing_ (Vol. ii., pp. 464. 497.).--It may assist your querist\n\"ALPHA,\" to be informed that among the monuments to the family of Pengelly,\nin the church of Whitchurch near Tavistock, in the county of Devon, is one\nto the memory of Ann, wife of Francis Pengelly, and daughter of Sir George\nDowning of East Hatley in the county of Cambridge, who died the 23rd of\nNovember, 1702; with the arms of Pengelly impaling Barry of six argent and\ngules, over all a wyvern or--for Downing. {69}\n\nNicholas Downing of Exeter College, vicar of Kingsteignton, in Devon, who\ndied in 1666, and was buried there, seems to have been of another family,\nas he bore a very different coat of arms.\n\nA Lieut. Downing was buried in Charles church, Plymouth, in 1799, but the\narms on his monument are not the same as either of the above.\n\nOther than these, I know of none of the name, ancient or recent, in the\ncounty, and I shall be glad to learn on what ground Sir George Downing's\nfamily is said to be of most ancient origin in Devonshire. The name does\nnot appear in Westcote, Pole, Prince, Risdon, or the Heralds' visitations,\nand the modern authorities state that the family was from Essex or Norfolk.\n\nJ.D.S.\n\nThe following memorandum I found accidentally on the margin of a MS.\npedigree of Downing, but I am sorry I cannot recall the source from whence\nI obtained it. Possibly, however, it may assist \"ALPHA\" in his enquiry.\n\n    \"Sir George Downing was not the son of Calibut Downing, rector of\n    Hackney, but of Emmanuel Downing, a London merchant, who went to New\n    England. Governor Hutchinson, in his _History of Massachusetts_, gives\n    the true account of Downing's affiliation, which has been further\n    confirmed by Mr. Savage, of Boston, from the public records of New\n    England.\"\n\nJ.P.C.\n\n_Hulls, the Inventor of Steam-boats_ (Vol. iii., p. 23.).--Your facetious\ncorrespondent, NOCAB, may gain some information relative to his friend\nJonathan Hulls, by going to the British Museum, and asking for the\nfollowing book from Mr. Grenville's library.\n\nI will give the full title and Mr. Grenville's note, as it stands in my\nCatalogue of the library.\n\n    GRENVILLE CATALOGUE (Vol. i. p. 351.)\n\n    \"Hulls, Jonathan. A Description and Draught of a new-invented Machine\n    for carrying vessels or ships out of, or into any harbour, port, or\n    river, against wind and tide, or in a calm. For which his Majesty has\n    granted letters patent, for the sole benefit of the Author, for the\n    space of Fourteen years. London, 1737, folding plate.[10] 8vo. R.[11]\n\n    \"This new invented machine is a steam-boat. It entirely puts an end to\n    the claims of America to the invention of steam navigation, and\n    establishes for this country the honour of that important discovery.\"\n\nHENRY FOSS.\n\n42. Devonshire Street, 12. Jan. 1851.\n\n[Footnote 7:  Representing, as well as I remember, a perfect steam-boat.]\n\n[Footnote 8:  Meaning Russia binding.]\n\n    [We are also indebted to [Curly-pi] for a reply to NOCAB'S query.]\n\n\"_The lucky have whole days_\" (Vol. i., pp. 231. 351.).--I can inform your\ncorrespondents P.S. and H.H., that the passage in question is correctly\nquoted by the latter at p. 351., and that it is to be found in Dryden's\n_Tyrannic Love_.\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia, West Indies, Nov. 1850\n\n\"_Clarum et venerabile nomen_\" (Vol. ii., p. 463.).--Your enquirer as to\nwhence comes \"Clarum et venerabile nomen,\" &c., will find them in Lucan.\nBook ix. l. 203.\n\nE.H.\n\nNorwich.\n\n_Occult Transposition of Letters_ (Vol. i., p. 416.; Vol. ii., p.\n77.).--_Concert of Nature._--Other examples of these ambiguous verses are\ngiven by J. Baptista Porta, _de Furtivis Literarum Notis_, one of which has\nsuggested the following lines, as conveying the compliments of the season\nto the editor of \"NOTES AND QUERIES:\" but which, transposed, would become\nan unseasonable address:--\n\n      \"Principio tibi sit facilis, nec tempore parvo\n          Vivere permittat te Dea Terpsichore.\n\n  Si autem conversis dictionibus leges, dicent,--\n\n      Terpsichore Dea te permittat vivere parvo\n          Tempore, nec facilis sit tibi principio.\"\n\nI beg leave sincerely, to add, in the words of Ausonius (Ep. xxv.),--\n\n  \"Quis prohibet Salve atque Vale brevitate parata\n      Scribere? Felicesque notas mandare libellis.\"\n\nThis magnificent epistle inculcating--\n\n  \"Nil mutum Natura dedit: non aeris ales\n  Quadrupedesve silent,\" &c.\n\nshould be compared with the celebrated stanza of Spenser's _Faerie Queen_\n(book ii. canto xii. st. 71.), beginning with\n\n  \"The joyous birds shrouded in cheareful shade;\"\n\nand with D'Israeli's animated defence, in his _Amenities_ (vol. ii. p.\n395.) of these charming verses against the [Greek: plemmeles] and\ntasteless, the anti-poetical and technical, criticism of Twining, in his\nfirst _Dissertation on Poetical and Musical Imitation_.\n\nT.J.\n\n_Darby and Joan_ (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--I never heard of the tradition\nmentioned by H. I can only suppose that the poet referred to was the first\nperson who introduced the ballad at the manor-house. Helaugh Nichols, an\nexcellent authority in such matters, whose trade traditions, through the\nBoyers, father and son, went back a century and a half, tells us that the\nballad was supposed to have been written by Henry Woodfall, while an\napprentice to Darby. The Darbys were printers time out of mind--one Robert\nDarby was probably an assistant to Wynkyn de Worde, who certainly left a\nlegacy to a person of that name. The Woodfalls, too, can be traced up as\nprinters for nearly two centuries. _The_ Darby, and Joan, his wife, were\nprobably John Darby, printer, in Bartholomew Close, who was {70} prosecuted\nin 1684 for printing \"Lord Russell's Speech,\" and died in 1704. _The_\nWoodfall, the printer, is understood to have been Henry Woodfall,\nafterwards \"Woodfall without Temple Bar,\" grandfather of Henry Sampson, the\nprinter of _Junius' Letters_, and great-great-grandfather of the present\nexcellent printer of the same name.\n\nJ.D.Y.\n\n_Did Bunyan know Hobbes?_ (Vol. ii., p. 518.).--Before this question, put\nby JAS. H. FRISWELL, can be answered satisfactorily, it should be shown\nthat Bunyan was the author of the _Visions of Hell_. In _Chambers' Journal_\nfor Sept. 7. 1833, n., it is taken for granted that he was, and the passage\nalluding to Hobbes is noticed. Your correspondent more justly questions the\nfact.\n\nA very intelligent friend of mine, who has devoted much research into the\nsupposed origin of the _Pilgrim's Progress_, the result of which I hope ere\nlong will appear, tells me that he is decidedly of opinion that the\n_Visions_ in question are not the production of the \"prince of dreamers.\"\n\nHe believes the _Visions_ first appeared as Bunyan's in a stereotyped\ncollection or selection of his works, about 1820-8. Some time after seeing\nthis, my friend was surprised at meeting with the following little volume,\nwhich is now before me: _The World to Come. The Glories of Heaven, and the\nTerrors of Hell, lively displayed under the Similitude of a Vision_. By\nG.L., Sunderland. Printed by R. Wetherald, for H. Creighton, 1771. 12mo.\nThe running title, as far as p. 95., is, _The World to Come; or, Visions of\nHeaven_; and on that page commence the _Visions of Hell, and of the\nTorments of the Damned_: and here it is the author has _charitably_ placed\nHobbes, with whom the colloquy alluded to by your querist occurs.\n\nI shall not occupy your papers with any remarks on the ignorance betrayed\nby G.L. (whoever he may be), both of the writings and character of Hobbes;\nbut I shall be glad if I can lead to the elucidation of what yet remains a\nliterary obscurity, and obtains the name of G.L.\n\nF.R.A.\n\n_Mythology of the Stars_ (Vol. iii., p. 23.).--G.I.C. is recommended to\nstudy the ordinary celestial globe, and to make himself familiar with its\n_use_, in order to enhance the interest of the spectacle of the sidereal\nheavens as seen by the naked eye. He is also particularly referred to the\n_Celestial Cycle_, by Capt. Smyth, published by Parker and Co., West\nStrand, in 2 vols. 8vo., price 2l. 2s.; a book full of astronomical and\nmythological gossip.\n\nG.I.C. will find books on _Astrology_ for sale at Maynard's, No. 8. Earl's\nCourt, Cranbourn Street, Leicester Square, more readily, perhaps, than any\nwhere else in London.\n\nROBERT SNOW.\n\n6. Chesterfield Street, Mayfair, Jan. 13. 1851.\n\n_Dodo Queries_ (Vol. i., pp. 261, 262.).--MR. STRICKLAND is informed, that\nin the list of Pingre's works, as given in Querard's _France Litteraire,_\nthere is one with the following title:--\n\n    \"Memoire sur les Decouvertes faites dans la Mer du Sud, avant les\n    derniers Voyages des Francais autour du Monde, lu a l'Academie des\n    Sciences, 1766, 1767, 1778, in. 4.\"\n\nI have not read Pingre's works, but if they contain any mention of\n_Solitaires_, it will probably be found in the _Memoire_ above referred to.\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia, W.I., Nov. 1850.\n\n_Holland Land_ (Vol. ii., pp. 267. 345.; Vol. iii., p. 30).--In an ancient\ncharter, in my possession, bearing date 19 Edw. I.: \"Gilebertus dictus ate\nVorde, de Farlegh,\" and \"James, son of the late Philip de Essche,\"\nquitclaim to James, son of Paulinus de Wynchelse:\n\n    \"dimidiam acram terre Flandrensis ... in villa de Ickelesham,\"\n\nto have and to hold\n\n    una cum redditu et servitio mihi (_sic_) pertinentibus de alia dimidia\n    acra terre Flandrensis.\"\n\nThe _polders_ of Holland are familiar to all travellers, as lands lying\nbelow the level of the sea, once a mere morass, redeemed from that state,\nand brought into cultivation by embankments, &c., &c.\n\nIn another charter, somewhat earlier in date and relating to the same\ndistrict, viz. the neighbourhood of Winchelsea, Hamo de Crevecour speaks of\nlands in La more in Ideun, which the monks of Robertsbridge, with consent\nof his father Hamo, \"a mari incluserunt.\"\n\nI have always supposed that the \"terra Flandrensis\" of my charter signified\nland of the same description as the Dutch polders; the art of thus\nredeeming land being probably introduced from the Low Countries. It is not\nunlikely that, in that day, lands so brought into cultivation were\ndesignated as \"terre Flandrenses,\" and the term afterwards anglicised into\n\"Holland Land.\"\n\nL.B.L.\n\n_Swearing by Swans_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.).--Symbology of the swan.\n\n    \"Tunc allati sunt in pompatica gloria duo cygni, vel olores, ante\n    regem, &c. &c.,--vindicaturus.\"[12]--_Matthaeus Westmonasteriensis_.\n\nDr. Lingard states that \"the vows of chivalry were not taken on the\ngospels, but, ridiculous as it may appear, in the presence of a peacock, or\n{71} pheasant, or other bird of beautiful plumage.\"--_History of England_,\nEdward I.\n\n\"Nec dissimili ingenio Heraldi antiquiores, musicos et cantatores\ncygnis[13] donarunt. Ejusque haud ignarus perspicax noster Franciscanus cum\nhos a non cantoribus latos observasset, rationem se ait a rege heraldorum\npetiisse, eumque duplicem assignasse: hanc quia viri essent pulcherrimi,\nillam quia haberent longa colla. Sane candorem animi per cygni effigiem\nantiquitus praedicabant, nec insulse igitur corporis. Sed gloriae studium ex\neodem hoc symbolo indicari multi asserunt.\n\n\"Cum Edwardus primus,\" &c. &c.--Spelmanni _Aspilogia_, p. 132.\n\nThe Spaniards found that the swan had been employed emblematically in\nMexico, supporting the theory of Hornius that that part of America was\ncolonised by the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, inasmuch as, according to\nBryant, \"where the Canaanites or their descendants may have settled, there\nwill a story be found in reference to swans.\"\n\nThe mythological history of the Cygnus will be found in the latter author's\n_Analysis_, and in Hill's _Urania, or a Complete View of the Heavens,\ncontaining the Ancient and Modern Astronomy, in Form of a Dictionary_,\nwhich will perhaps meet the wants of G.I.C. (Vol. iii. p. 24.).\n\nIt will not, perhaps, be irrelevant to this subject to advert to the story\nof Albertus Aquensis (in _Gesta Dei per Francos_, p. 196.), regarding a\n_Goose and a Goat_, which in the second crusade were considered as \"divino\nspiritu afflati,\" and made \"duces viae in Jerusalem.\" Well may it be\nmentioned by the histoian as \"scelus omnibus fidelibus incredibile;\" but\nthe imputation serves to show that the Christians of that age forgot what a\nheathen poet could have taught them,--\n\n[Greek: \"Eis oionos aristos amynesthai peri patres.\"]\n\nT.J.\n\n[Footnote 9: With this solecism in the printed _Flores Historiarum_ I find\nthat a MS. in the Chetham Library agrees, the abbreviative mark used in the\nHundred Rolls of Edward I. for the terminations _us_ and _er_ having been\naffixed to this participle.]\n\n[Footnote 10: To the passages I have elsewhere referred to on _The Concert\nof Nature_, from Ausonius, Epistle 25., and Spenser's _Faerie Queen_, book\nii. canto xii. st. 71., \"divine respondence meet\" is made by the last lines\nin Tennyson's _Dying Swan_.]\n\n_Swearing by Swans_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.).--The quotation given by your\ncorrespondent E.T.M. (Vol. ii., p. 451.), only increases my desire to\nreceive a reply to my query on this subject, since he has adduced a\nparallel custom. What are the earliest notices of the usage of swearing by\nswans and pheasants? Was the pheasant ever considered a _royal_ bird?\n\nR.V.\n\n_The Frozen Horn_ (Vol. iii., p. 25.).--I am quite angry with J.M.G. for\nsupposing my old friend Sir John Maundevile guilty of such a _flam_ as that\nwhich he quotes from memory as the worthy knight's own statement. There is\nno such story in the _Voiage and Travaile_: nay more, there is not in the\nwhole of that \"ryght merveillous\" book, a single passage given on the\nauthority of Sir John as eyewitness that is not perfectly credible. When he\nquotes Pliny for monsters, the Chronicles for legends, and the romances of\nhis time for narratives of an extraordinary character, he does so in\nevident good faith as a compiler. His most improbable statements, too, are\nalways qualified with some such phrase as \"men seyn, but I have not sene\nit.\" In a word, I believe Sir John Maundevile to have been as truthful in\nintention as any writer of his age. I am afraid that J.M.G.'s knowledge of\nour old \"voiager\" is limited to some jest-book of more modern times, which\nattributes to him sayings and doings of which he is perfectly guiltless.\n\nMARK ANTONY LOWER.\n\nLewes.\n\n_Cockade and True Blue_ (Vol. iii., pp. 7. 27.) both owe their origin to\nthe wars of the Scottish Covenanters; and the cockade appears to have been\nfirst adopted as a distinguishing emblem by the English army at the battle\nof Sherra-muir, where the Scotch wore the blue ribbon as a scarf, or on\ntheir bonnets (which was their favourite colour). The English army then, to\ndistinguish themselves, assumed a black rosette on their hats; which, from\nits position, the Scotch nick-named a \"cock'ade\" (with which our use of the\nword \"cockscomb\" is connected) and is still retained.\n\nAn old Scotch song describing, \"the Battle of Sherra-muir\" (which name it\nbears) in verse 2., line 1., speaks of the English as--\n\n  \"The red-coat lads, wi' black cockades;\"\n\nverse 3., describing the Scotch and their mode of fighting, says,--\n\n  \"But had you seen the philibegs,\n    And skyrin tartan trews, man,\n  When in the teeth they dared our Whigs,\n    And Covenant TRUE-BLUES, man;\n  In lines extended lang and large,\n  When bayonets opposed the targe,\n  And thousands hasten'd to the charge,\n  Wi' Highland wrath, they frae the sheath\n  Drew blades o' death, till, out o' breath,\n    They fled like frighted doos, man.\"\n\nThe song, which is rather a long one, carries you with the army to the\nForth, Dumblane, Stirling, Perth, and Dundee. Oft referring to the \"Poor\nred-coat,\" and to the \"Angus lads.\"\n\nBLOWER.\n\n_The Vavasours of Hazlewood (Vol. ii., p. 326.)._--1. It is a well-known\nfact that the stone for York minster was given by the Vavasour family. To\ncommemorate this, there is, under the west window in that cathedral, a\nstatue of the owner of Hazelwood at that period, holding a piece of stone\nin his hand. Hence may have arisen the tradition that the chief of the\nfamily might ride into York minster on horseback.\n\n{72} 2. In feudal times Hazlewood was a fortified castle, having its\nregular retainers, &c.\n\n3. Hazlewood Chapel was _the only Roman Catholic parish church_ in England\nwhich did not become a Protestant church at the Reformation.\n\nCHAS. D. MARKHAM.\n\nJan. 10. 1851.\n\n_\"Breeches\" Bible_ (Vol. iii., p. 17.).--In quoting from specimens of early\nprinting, correctness of orthography, even in trivial matters, is\ndesirable, and therefore I venture, in allusion to the interesting\ncommunication from [Curly-pi] on the subject of the Geneva or \"_Breeches_\"\nBible, to state that the edition of 1576, in my possession, is \"Imprinted\nby _Christopher Barkar_\" (not Barker), \"dwelling in Paternoster Rowe, at\nthe signe of the Tygres Head.\"\n\nThe text quoted varies also in two or three words from my copy, and it is\nprobably from the Geneva edition. The English edition of 1576 runs thus,\n(Gen. iii. 7.): \"Then the eyes of them _both_ were opened, and they _knew_\nthat they were naked, and they sewed _figge_ tree _leaves_ together, and\nmade them _selves_ breeches.\" I am, sir, yours truly,\n\nS.H.H.\n\n_Histoire des Sevarambes_ (Vol. iii., p. 4.).--On the subject of the\nauthorship of this work I will transcribe a note which I subjoined to a\nshort account of Isaac Vossius (Worthington's _Diary_, p. 125):--\n\n    \"Whether the History of the Sevarites, of Sevarambi by Captains Thomas\n    Liden, published in two parts (London, 1675-9, 12mo.), which is one of\n    the ablest of the fictions written after the model of More's _Utopia_,\n    and which has been ascribed to Isaac Vossius by J.A. Fabricius, be his,\n    is a point yet unsettled. On a careful consideration of the internal\n    evidence, and a comparison with his avowed publications, so far as such\n    a comparison can be made between works so dissimilar in character, I\n    incline to the conclusion that this tract is justly ascribed to Isaac\n    Vossius.\"\n\nOn a reconsideration of the subject, I see no reason to alter this opinion.\nMorhof, who always attributed it to Isaac Vossius (see Polyhistor, vol. i.\np. 74., edit. 1747), was thoroughly versed in the literary history,\nincluding the English, of the period, and was not likely to have been\nmistaken. Vossius lived in England from 1670 to 1688, when he died. I have\nseen several English letters of his, though his general correspondence was\nin Latin or French, and he seems quite able to have written it, as far as\nthe language is concerned. Vairasse appears to have translated it into\nFrench but to have had no other part in it. I may observe, that the\npublication in English, London, 1738, is a retranslation from the French,\nnot a reprint of the original work of 1675-9.\n\nJAMES CROSSLEY.\n\n_Verses attributed to Charles Yorke_ (Vol. ii., p. 7.; and Vol. iii., p.\n43.).--These lines, \"Stript to the naked soul,\" have been frequently\nprinted, indeed so lately as in Lord Campbell's _Lives of the Chancellors_,\nat the end of the Life of Charles Yorke, as his, but without any\nobservation. What is most singular is, that the excellent editor of Bishop\nWarburton's _Literary Remains_ has overlooked the fact that they are driven\nin that prelate's correspondence with Bishop Hurd as Pope's. (See\n_Letters_, p. 362., edit. 1809, 8vo.) Warburton observes, \"The little poem\nis certainly his.\" He remarks in a letter to Yorke--\n\n    \"You have obliged me much (as is your wont) by a fine little poem of my\n    excellent and endeared friend, Mr. Pope, and I propose to put in into\n    use.\"--_Letters from Warburton to C. Yorke_. 1812, 4to. p. 64.\n\nWarburton then gave them to Ruffhead, who inserted them in his _Life of\nPope_, from which they were transferred in Bowles's editions of _Pope's\nWorks_ (vol. ii. p. 406), and in the supplementary volume to _Pope's Works_\n(1807, 4to.). The extraordinary circumstance is, that they had appeared as\nfar back as 1753 in the miscellaneous works of Aaron Hill, published in\n1753, in 4 vols. 8vo., and are included in that collection as his own.\nRoscoe observes (Life of Pope, in vol. i. of his edition of _Pope's Works_,\np. 361., edit. 1824), without, however appearing to have been fully\nacquainted with the facts of the case:\n\n    \"These verses are not the production of Pope, as might indeed readily\n    have been perceived, but of Aaron Hill.\"\n\nI must confess I cannot agree with the remark. If the point be to be\ndecided by internal evidence, the verses are surely Pope's. The collection\nof A. Hill's miscellaneous works was a posthumous one for the benefit of\nthe family, and includes several other poems, which were certainly not\nwritten by him. Little stress, therefore, can be laid upon the fact of the\nlines being included in this collection, which seems to have comprised\nwhatever was found amongst Hill's papers, without any nice examination or\nscrutiny. My conclusion is, that the verses are Pope's; and it is at all\nevents certain that they are not Charles Yorke's.\n\nJAMES CROSSLEY.\n\n_Archbishop Bolton of Cashel_ (Vol. iii., p. 39.).--He was born at\nBurrishool, in the county of Mayo, about 1678; graduated at Trinity\nCollege, Dublin; was ordained deacon in 1702; priest in 1703; became a\nprebendary of St. Patrick's, Dublin, in 1707; chancellor of that cathedral\nin 1714; vicar-general of the diocese of Dublin in 1720; vicar of Finglas,\nnear Dublin, in the same year; praecentor of Christ Church, Dublin, in 1722;\nbishop of Clonfert in the same year; bishop of Elphin in 1724; archbishop\nof Cashel in 1729; to which diocese he bequeathed his valuable library.\n\nHe died in January, 1744, and was buried at St. Werburgh's Church, in\nDublin.\n\n{73} See my _Fasti Ecclesiae Hibernicae_, vols. i., ii., and iv., for a few\nmore particulars, if required.\n\nH. COTTON.\n\nThurles, Ireland, Jan. 20. 1851.\n\n_Erasmus and Farel_ (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--In my _Life of Calvin_, p. 46., I\nmention that Erasmus named Farel, _Phallicus_; and infer that he probably\ndid so from some manifestation of amorous propensities on the part of that\nreformer.\n\nA querist in your last number (J.C.R.) points out that D'Aubigne, or his\ntranslator, spells the word _Fallicus_, and refers it to the deceitful\ncharacter of Farel.\n\n_Phallicus_ is a Greek word, and has a meaning--[Greek: phallikos], of or\nbelonging to the [Greek: phallos]. _Fallicus_, to the best of my knowledge,\nis neither Greek nor Latin, and has no meaning. Erasmus, in his epistles,\nconstantly spells the word _Phallicus_. (See _Epp._ 698. 707. &c. Leyden,\ned. 1706.) And that I was justified in drawing from it an inference which\nis in analogy with its meaning, the following passages, in the last of the\nepistles just cited, will establish:--\n\n    \"Hunc stomachum in me concepit (Phallicus) quod in _spongia_ dubitem de\n    Lutheri spiritu: praeterea quod scripserim, quosdam sordidos, et _impurae\n    vitae_ se jactitare nomine Evangelii.\"\n\nAnd a little farther on--\n\n    \"At tamen quicquid hactenus in me blateravit Phallicus, non minus vane\n    quam virulente, facite condonabitur hominis morbo, modo posthac sumat\n    _mores Evangelii praecone dignos_.\"\n\nTHOS. H. DYER.\n\nLondon, Jan. 20. 1851.\n\n_Early Culture of the Imagination_, (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--The interesting\narticle to which MR. GATTY refers will be found in the _Quarterly Review_,\nNo. XLI. Sir Walter Scott, in a letter addressed to Edgar Taylor, Esq. (the\ntranslator of _German Fairy Tales and Popular Stories by M.M. Grimm_),\ndated Edinburgh, 16th Jan. 1823, says--\n\n    \"There is also a sort of wild fairy interest in them [the _Tales_]\n    which makes me think them fully better adapted to awaken the\n    imagination and soften the heart of childhood, than the good-boy\n    stories which have been in later years composed for them. In the latter\n    case, their minds are, as it were, put into the stocks, like their feet\n    at the dancing-school, and the moral always consists in good moral\n    conduct being crowned with temporal success. Truth is, I would not give\n    one tear shed over _Little Red Riding-Hood_ for all the benefit to be\n    derived from a hundred Histories of Jemmy Goodchild.... In a word, I\n    think the selfish tendencies will be soon enough acquired in this\n    arithmetical age; and that, to make the higher class of character, our\n    wild fictions--like our own simple music--will have more effect in\n    awakening the fancy and elevating the disposition, than the colder and\n    more elaborate compositions of modern authors and composers.\"\n\nF.R.R.\n\nMilnrow Parsonage.\n\n_Early Culture of the Imagination_ (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--MR. ALFRED GATTY\nwill find what he inquires for in the 74th volume of the _Quarterly\nReview_, \"Children's Books.\" With the prefatory remarks of that article may\nbe compared No. 151. of the _Rambler_, \"The Climacterics of the Mind.\"\n\nT.J.\n\n_William Chilcot_ (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--MR. HOOPER is referred to the\nHistory of Tiverton, by Lieut. Col. Harding, ed. Boyce, Tiverton;\nWhittaker, London, 1847, vol. ii., B. III., p. 167., for an account of the\nfamily of Chilcot _alias_ Comyn; to which most likely the author belonged,\nand was probably a native of Tiverton. As MR. HOOPER many not have ready\naccess to the book, I send the substance of an extract. Robert Chilcott\n_alias_ Comyn, born at Tiverton, com. Devon, merchant, and who died, it is\nsupposed, at Isleworth, com. Middlesex, about A.D. 1609, \"married Ann, d.\nof Walter Cade of London, Haberdasher, by whom he had one son, _William_,\nwho married Catherine, d. of Thomas Billingsly of London, Merchant, and had\nissue.\" Certain lands also in Tiverton, A.D. 1680-90, are described as \"now\nor late of William Comyns _alias_ Chilcott.\"--_Ibid._ p. 61.\n\nIf the first edition of the work were in 1698, most likely the author was a\ngrandson of the above-named William Chilcot and Catherine his wife, which\nthe Tiverton registers might show. If the search prove unsuccessful there,\ntry that of Watford, Herts, where a branch of the same family was settled,\nand to which there are monuments in Watford churchyard.\n\nE.A.D.\n\n_By and Bye_ (Vol. ii., p. 424.).--Surely this means \"by the way.\" _Good\nby_ may mean \"Bon voyage.\"\n\nS.S.\n\n_Mocker_ (Vol. ii., p. 519.).--In some of the provincial dialects of\nEngland, and in the Scotch of the lowlands of Scotland, there are a good\nmany Dutch words. _Moker_, in Dutch, means _a large hammer_. This is\nprobably the word used by the old cottager of Pembridge, and spelt _Mocker_\nby W.M.\n\nG.F.G.\n\nEdinburgh.\n\n_Was Colonel Hewson a Cobbler?_ (Vol. iii., p. 11.).--Hume's History\nrelates that \"Colonel Hewson suppressed the tumult of London apprentices,\nNovember, 1659:\" and that \"he was a man who rose from the _profession_ of a\ncobbler to a high rank in the army.\"\n\nColonel John Hewson was member for Guildford from September 17, 1656, to\nJanuary 27, 1658-59. (Bray and Manning.)\n\nGILBERT.\n\n{74}\n\n_Mole_ (Vol. ii., p. 225.).--This story is of course much older than the\nform which it now appears. Sir Bevil Grenville is the great hero of the\nN.W. coast of Cornwall most of the floating legend has been gathered about\nhim.\n\nLegends referring to the origin of different animals are common. Mrs.\nJamieson (Canada) has a very beautiful Chippewa story of the first robin.\n\nIt is believed in Devonshire that moles begin to work with the flow, and\nleave off with the ebb of the tide. The same thing is asserted of the\nbeaver.\n\n_Pillgarlick_ (Vol. ii., p. 393.; Vol. iii., p. 42.).--The word is given by\nTodd, in his edition of Johnson, under the forms _Pilgarlick_ and\n_Pilled-garlick_. The same orthography is adopted by other lexicographers.\nThe spelling, concerning which your querist desires information, is,\nhowever, the least important point. I trust that the question will elicit\ninformation of a valuable kind as to the origin of the term, by which I\nhave I myself been sorely puzzled, and which, I think, has not been\nsatisfactorily cleared up by any of those who have attempted it. Following\nthe authority of Skinner, our philologists are satisfied with assuring us,\nthat _pilled_ means bald (French, pele) and about this there can be no\ndispute. Thus Chaucer (Reve's Tale) says:--\n\n  Round was his face, and camuse was his nose,\n  And _pilled_ as an ape was his skull.\"\n\nShakspeare also has:--\n\n  \"Pieled priest! doost thou command me to be shut out?\"\n\nfor \"shaven priest.\" But _pilled_, in other cases as might be shown by\nquotations, which for the sake of brevity I omit, means _pillaged_,\n_robbed_, and also _peeled_, of which last sense the quotations above given\nseem only to be a figurative application. The difficulties which arise from\nthese explanations are, first, if _bald_ be the true meaning, why must we,\nwith Todd, limit it to baldness, resulting from disease, or more especially\n(as Grose will have it) from a disgraceful disease?\n\nSecondly, if _peeled_ be taken as the equivalent to _pilled_, why is peeled\ngarlick a more perfect type of misery than any other peeled root or fruit?\n\nThirdly, if _pillage_ is an essential ingredient in the true meaning of the\nterm \"pilled garlick,\" what has the stolen garlick to do with wretchedness?\nAnd,\n\nLastly, how will any one, or all of these explanations together, tally with\nthe following passage from Skelton:--\n\n  \"Wyll, Wyll, Wyll, Wyll, Wyll\n  He ruleth always styll.\n  Good reason and good skyll,\n  _They may garlyck pyll_,\n  Cary sackes to the myll,\n  Or pescoddes they may shyll,\n  Or elles go rost a stone?\"\n    _Why come ye not to Courte?_ 103-109.\n\nWithout further elucidation of this pilling, the existing definitions are\npills which defy deglutition of\n\nF.S.Q.\n\n_A Recent Novel_ (Vol. i., pp. 231, 285.).--May I be permitted to correct\nan error in a communication from one of your correspondents? ADOLPHUS (p.\n231.) puts a Query respecting the title of a recent novel; and J.S. (p.\n285) informs him that the title is _Le Morne au Diable_, by Eugene Sue. The\nfact is, that \"La Morne au Diable\" is the principal scene of the events\ndescribed, and nothing more. The title is _L'Aventurier, ou la\nBarbe-bleue_; and an English translation, styled the _Female Blue Beard, or\nthe Adventurer_, was published in 1845 by W. Strange, 21. Paternoster Row.\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia, W.I., Nov. 1850\n\n_Tablet to Napoleon_ (Vol. i., p. 461.).--The form and punctuation given to\nthis inscription by C. suggest its true meaning. Napoleon is called the\nEgyptian, the Italian, for reasons similar to those for which Publius\nCornelius Scipio obtained the name of \"Africanus.\" There is, however,\nanother sense in which the epithet \"bis Italicus\" is applicable to\nNapoleon: he was an Italian by birth as well as by conquest. It is in this\nsense that Voltaire has applied to Henri Quatre the second line of the\nfollowing couplet:--\n\n  \"Je chante ce heros qui regna sur la France\n  Et par droit de _conquete_, et par droit de _naissance_.\"\n\nAs to the \"lingual purity\" of the inscription, there is not much to be said\nabout it, one way or the other. It is on a level with most modern\ninscriptions and epitaphs in the Latin language; neither so elegant as the\nLatinity of Dr. Johnson, or Walter Savage Landor, nor yet so hackneyed as\nour \"Latin de cuisine.\"\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia, W.I., Nov. 1850.\n\n_North Sides of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., pp. 55. &c.)--In a chapter on the\ncustom of burying on the south side of churches, in Thompson's _History of\nSwine_, published 1824, I find the following mention of the north side\nbeing appropriated to felons:\n\n    \"The writer hereof remembers, that between fifty and sixty years ago, a\n    man who was executed at Lincoln, was brought to Swine, and buried on\n    the north side of the church, as the proper place in which to bury a\n    felon.\"\n\nI have heard it stated by several inhabitants of the parish, that it is\nonly within a few years that burials began to be made irrespectively on the\nnorth side. Whilst speaking of things in connection with this church, I may\nmention for the {75} interest of antiquaries, that only a short time ago,\nthe sexton discovered a very curious fresco of the Virgin on one of the\npillars in the north aisle. There is an inscription beneath the figure, but\nso very indistinct, as not to admit of being deciphered.\n\nR.W.E.\n\nHull.\n\n_Wisby_ (Vol. ii., p. 444.).--\n\n    \"Wisby was fortified about 1200 against its country neighbours; and\n    King Magnus, 1288, quieted another civil war, and allowed the citizens\n    to restore their fallen walls.\"--_Olaus Magnus_, ii. 24.\n\n    \"It was destroyed in 1361 (Koch) by Walderna, King of Denmark, who,\n    taking advantage of the discords in Sweden, and having flattered the\n    King Magnus till he made him a mere tool of his own, conquered or\n    destroyed some valuable parts of the Swedish dominions, and among the\n    rest Gothland.\"--_Johannes Magnus, Rex Suev._, xxi. 6.\n\nand in 7.:\n\n    \"... ob direptum insigne emporium Vis becense.\"\n\n    \"As, therefore, it was not an individual event, probably it had not any\n    individual cause, and that the pane of glass story is not\n    true.\"--_Olaus Magnus_, x. 16\n\nThe same Olaus (ii. 24.) says, that pride and discord were its ruin; that\nits inhabitants scattered into the continental cities; and that in his\ntime, 1545, there were splendid ruins, iron doors, brass or copper windows,\nonce gilt or silvered.\n\nC.B.\n\n_Singing of Swans_ (Vol. ii., p. 475.).--If your correspondent T.J. will\nturn to Erman's _Travels in Siberia_ translated by Cooley, vol. ii. p. 43.,\nhe will find that the singing of swans is by no means so groundless a\nnotion as Bp. Percy supposed. _Erman_ says the notes of the Cygnus Olor are\nmost beautifully clear and loud--\"and that this bird, when wounded, pours\nforth its last breath in such notes, is now known for certain.\" There is\nmore also to the same purpose.\n\nA.C.M.\n\n_Dacre Monument at Herstmonceux_ (Vol. ii., p. 478.).--In answer to part of\nthe third Query of your correspondent E.V., I beg to inform him that sable,\na cross _potent_ or, is the coat of Alleyn. Sable, a cross _patonce_ or,\nbelongs to Lascelles. Argent a fesse gules belongs to the Solers family.\nAnd barry of six argent and gules, _with a canton ermine_, is the coat of\nApseley of Sussex.\n\nH.C.K.\n\n_Herstmonceux Castle_ (Vol. ii., p. 477.).--The elucidation of your\ncorrespondent's _second_ Query suggests several further questions; for\ninstance--Was _Juliana_ wife of _William_, the _owner_ of the estate? If\nso, did she die in the lifetime of her husband? If so, did she leave issue?\nsemble not, and assuming her to have no direct heirs, the estate would\nescheat. Was the King lord of the fee? Were William de Warburton and\nIngelram de Monceaux relatives of the _half_ blood of Juliana? If so, a\nre-grant to them, if claimants, would not, I imagine, have been unusual\nupon payment of a fine to the crown. It would almost seems as if a doubt\nexisted as to the heirship, from the expression \"_whose next of kin they\n_SAY_ they are_.\" This note is conjectural only, and is therefore offered\nwith much diffidence.\n\nI.B.C.\n\n_Suem._--_Ferling._--_Grasson_ (Vol. iii., p. 7.).--It is obvious that your\ncorrespondent's extract from the Rotherfield court-roll is not accurately\ntranscribed. The original most probably contains no such words as _suem_.\n\n_Ferling_ is a well-known word in old legal phraseology. As a term of\nsuperficial measure it denotes a quarter of an acre; of lineal measure, an\neighth of a mile, or furlong.\n\n_Grassum_ is the term commonly used in the northern parts of the kingdom to\nsignify the fine, or foregift in money, paid by a lessee for the renewal of\nhis lease from a lay or ecclesiastical corporation. It is derived from the\nA.-S. _Gaersum_ or _Gaersame_, a treasure; the root of which is still\nretained in the northern word _Gear_, goods or stuff.\n\n[Delta].\n\nJan. 10. 1851.\n\n_Portrait of Archbishop Williams_ (Vol. iii., p. 8.).--Your correspondent\nY.Y. desires to be informed of the \"locus\" of the portraits of several\nbishops, among them of _John Williams_, Archbishop of York. There is a\nfull-length in the hall of this college, which I shall have great pleasure\nin showing to him should he ever find it convenient to pay Cambridge a\nvisit.\n\nP.J.F. GANTILLON.\n\nSt. John's College.\n\n_Swans hatched during Thunder_ (Vol. ii., p. 510.).--Some years ago I\npurchased a pair of swans, and, during the first breeding season after I\nprocured them, they made a nest in which they deposited seven eggs. After\nthey had been sitting about six weeks, I observed to my servant, who had\ncharge of them and the other water-fowl, that it was about the time for the\nswans to hatch. He immediately said, that it was no use expecting it till\nthere had been a rattling peal of thunder to crack the egg-shells, as they\nwere so hard and thick that it was impossible for the cygnets to break them\nwithout some such assistance. Perhaps this is the reason why swans are said\nto be hatched during a thunder-storm. I need only say, that this is a\npopular fallacy, as swans regularly hatch after sitting six weeks, whether\nthere happens to be a thunder-storm or not.\n\nHENRY E.\n\n_Etymology of Apricot_ (Vol. ii., p. 420.).--I cannot agree in the opinion\nexpressed by your correspondent E.C.H., that this word is derived from the\nLatin _praecox_, signifying \"early-ripening,\"--that the words [Greek:\nprokokkia] and [Greek: prekokkia] are {76} Graecised Latin,--and that the\nArabs themselves, adopting the word with a slight variation, made it\n_al-bercoy_.\n\nThe fact of the fruit itself being of Asiatic origin, renders it in the\nhighest degree improbable that the Orientals would borrow a name for it\nfrom the Latin.\n\nMy own opinion is, that the reverse is the case--that the Latin is merely a\ncorruption of the Arabic; and that the Latins, in adopting the word,\nnaturally gave it the slight alteration which rendered the Arabic word, to\nthem unmeaning, appropriately significant of the nature of the fruit.\n\nI find that in various languages the word strolls thus in the Latin of the\nmiddle age, _avercoccius_--in the modern Greek, [Greek: berykokkion]--in\nthe Italian, _albercocco_, _albicocca_--in the Spanish, _albaricoque_--and\nall these various words, undeducible from the Latin _praecox_, are readily\nderivable from the Arabic word, the prefix _al_, which is merely the\narticle, being in some cases dropped, and in others retained.\n\nI may add, as a curious fact, that, in the south of Italy, of which I am a\nnative, the common people call the apricot _verricocca_, and _the peach_\n_precucco_, although the former ripen _earlier_ than the latter.\n\nA.P. DI PIO, Italo-Graecos.\n\nCarlisle.\n\n_\"Plurima gemma latet caeca tellure sepulta\"_ (Vol. ii., p.133.).--In the\ncourse of my reading, some time back, I met with a passage which was given\nas quotation from Bishop Hall. I transcribe it, as it appears to me to\napproach nearer to the above hexameter than even Gray's lines:\n\n    \"There is many a rich stone laid up, in the bowels of the earth; many a\n    fair pearl in the bosom of the sea, that never was seen, nor ever shall\n    be.\"\n\n_Time when Herodotus wrote_ (Vol. ii., p. 405.).--The passage in Herodotus\nwhich shows that he was still employed on his history when he was\nseventy-five, is in his first book. But A.W.H. thinks, that, as it is a\ngeneral introduction, showing why he mentioned all places, small or great,\nit must have been written at the beginning. I should infer the contrary;\nthat he would give an account why he had done so after he had done it, and\nnot while it rested merely in intention.\n\nBut perhaps it may be said, that [Greek: en] is in the former part of the\nsentence, and therefore might have been repeated in the latter part, which\nis the converse of it, though it might not be exactly the proper tense.\n\nHowever, F. Clinton puts down his birth B.C. 484; 452 or 456 as the years\nin which he read his history at the Olympic Games; and 408 as a year in\nwhich he was still adding to it.\n\nHowever, if he wrote the passage when he was thirty, that would justify the\npast tense, which perhaps, too, we have a right to construe _have been_,\nfor that verb has no perfect preterite.\n\nC.B.\n\n_Lucy and Colin_ (Vol. iii., p. 7.).--The ballad adverted to, which is the\none translated by Vincent Bourne, is by Tickel, and will be found in any\ncollection of his works. Notwithstanding Southeys epithet \"wretched!\" it\nwill always be admired, both in the original and the translation.\n\nJAMES CROSSLEY.\n\nManchester, Jan. 18. 1851.\n\n_Translations of Apuleius_, &c. (Vol. ii., p. 464.).--In answer to your\ncorrespondent, G.P.I., concerning a translation of the _Golden Ass of\nApuleius_, I beg you will insert the following particulars.\n\nThere is a copy in the British Museum (Press Mark, case 21. b.) of a\ntranslation by Adlington. The title is as follows--_\"The XI. Bookes of the\nGolden Asse, conteining the Metamorphosie of Lucius Apuleius, enterlaced\nwith an excellent Narration of the Marriage of Cupido and Psiches, set out\nin the iiii. v. and vi. Bookes. Translated out of Latine into Englishe by\nWilliam Adlington. Imprinted at London, in Fleet streate, and the sign of\nthe Oliphante, by Henry Wykes. Anno 1566.\"_ This work is of extreme rarity.\nAt the end of the Dedicatory Epistle there is a MS. note, which I\ntranscribe:--\"_This translation and its author has escaped ye notice of the\nIndustrious Oxford Antiquary[14], for I find not his name in the Athen.\nOxon., nor is the book menconed _(mentioned)_ in Mr. Ames's Typographical\nAntiquities, both which omissions add a singular rareness to this scarce\nbook. R.E.W.\"_ The pagination of the book is only on one side, and contains\n127 folios, including the table of contents. Ritson (_vide_ note on\nfly-leaf) does not notice this edition (1566), nor the second in 1571, but\nquotes that of 1596.\n\nKENNETH MACKENZIE.\n\n[Footnote 11: Wood.]\n\nTaylor's translation of Apuleius's _Golden Ass_, Lond. 1822, 2 vols., is\nsaid by Lowndes to be an esteemed version.\n\nThe French translations of the same work, according to De Bure (see _Manuel\ndu Libraire_) are very inferior.\n\nC.I.R.\n\n_Etymology of \"Grasson\"_ (Vol. iii., p. 8.).--Grasson appears to be derived\nfront \"grassor,\" \"to assail.\" Livy somewhere has the following--\"Grassor in\npossessionem agri\"--which would be rendered, \"To enter upon it by force;\"\nit being only by the payment of the fine (Grasson) that the entry,\n\"Grassor,\" or alienation of copyhold lands, could be warded off: hence the\nact of the lord of the manor (Grassor) became the name for the fine paid by\nthis tenant, \"Grasson.\"\n\nBLOWER.\n\n_Lynch Law_ (Vol. iii., p. 24.).--Webster's {77} _American Dictionary_\n(1848) explains this phrase thus--\n\n    \"The practice of punishing men for crimes and offences by private\n    unauthorized persons, without a legal trial. The term is said to be\n    derived from a Virginian farmer, named Lynch, who thus took the law\n    into his own hands.\" (U.S.)\n\nWebster is considered the highest authority in America, or I should not\noffer the above.\n\nG.H.B.\n\n\"_Talk not of Love_\" (Vol. iii., p. 7.).--The song quoted by your Querist,\nA. M., was written by Mrs. MacLehose, the \"Clarinda\" of Burns, and is to be\nfound in most of the lives of the Scottish poet.\n\n    [J.H., JR., says it is printed in Chambers's _Journal_, No. 1. New\n    Series. DANIEL FERGUSON points them out at p. 212. of a _Collection of\n    Songs of England and Scotland_, published by Cochrane, of Waterloo\n    Place; and in vol. ii. of Johnson's _Scots Musical Museum_; and G.T.\n    also refers to the last-named collection.]\n\n_The Butcher Duke_ (Vol. iii., p. 8.).--The song referred to by MEZZOTINTO\nis to be found in most of the collections of Scotch songs, under the name\nof \"Bonnie Laddie, Highland Laddie,\" for which old air it was written; or,\nwhen only partially printed, by the commencing line of one of its\nstanzas:--\n\n  \"Geordie sits in Charlie's chair.\"\n\nIt is one of the numerous Jacobite songs composed either about 1715, by\nsome one \"out in the Fifteen,\" or later by a poet of \"the Forty-five.\" The\nauthor's name is unknown. In the collection of Scottish songs, published by\nRobert Chambers in 1829, the song, consisting of no less than twenty-two\nstanzas, will be found at p. 367.\n\n    [L.M.M.R. has also kindly transcribed the song from the _Scots Musical\n    Museum;_ and DR. C., of Newcastle, who says \"it is well known in the\n    remoter districts of Northumberland,\" obligingly offers to furnish\n    MEZZOTINTO with a copy, if he should desire it.]\n\n_Curfew_ (Vol. ii., p. 103.).--_The Curfew_ is rung at Handsworth, near\nSheffield.\n\nH.J.\n\n_Robertson Struan_ (Vol. iii., p. 40.).--As one of those who quarter the\ncoat of Robertson Struan, I may perhaps be able to afford C.R.M. some\nslight information. My maternal grandfather was a son of William Robertson,\nof Richmond, one of whose daughters married Sir David Dundas, Bart. The\narms borne by him were, Gules, three wolves' heads erased, langued, azure.\nA selvage man in chains hanging beneath the shield. Crest, a bare cubit,\nsupporting a regal Crown. Motto, \"Virtutis Gloriae Merces.\"\n\nW.J. BERNHARD SMITH.\n\nTemple.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMISCELLANEOUS.\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.\n\nThe landing of Charles Edward Stuart, and the \"Seven Men of Moidart,\" on\nthe memorable 25th July, 1745, was the opening of the last, and, in many\nrespects, the most brilliant and stirring chapter in the Romance of English\nHistory. That Mr. Murray has therefore done wisely in the publication, in a\nseparate form, of _The Forty-Five: by Lord Mahon, being the Narrative of\nthe Insurrection of 1745, extracted from Lord Mahon's History of England_,\nthere can be little doubt. The memory of that eventful period is so kept\nalive among us, by snatches of Jacobite ballads, and recitals of the\nstrange incidents in which it was so rich, that this separate publication\nof so much of Lord Mahon's _History of England from the Peace of Utrecht\n(1713) to the Peace of Paris (1763)_ as relates to its \"moving accidents by\nflood and field,\" will be a great boon to those numerous readers who have\nneither means, time, nor opportunity to peruse Lord Mahon's interesting\nnarrative in that valuable contribution to our national history for which\nit was originally written.\n\nSome time since the British Museum purchased for about 120l. a volume\ncontaining no less than sixty-four early French Farces and Moralities,\nprinted between the year 1542 and 1548, of which a very large proportion\nwas entirely unknown. How important a collection of materials for the early\nhistory of the Drama, especially in France, is contained in this precious\nvolume, we learn from a work which has reached us, \"_pas destine au\ncommerce_,\" under the title of _Description Bibliographique et Analyse d'un\nLivre unique qui se trouve au Musee Britannique_, which contains a short\nbut able analysis of the various pieces which formed the volume thus\nfortunately secured for our national library. Though the name of the editor\nis stated, on the title-page, to be _Tridace-Nafe-Theobrome, Gentilhomme\nBreton_, we strongly suspect that no such gentleman is to be found; and\nthat we are really indebted for this highly curious and interesting book to\na gentleman who has already laid the world of letters under great\nobligation, M. Delpierre, the accomplished Secretary of Legation of the\nBelgian Embassy.\n\nLiterature, Science, and the Arts have sustained a heavy loss in the death\nof that accomplished patron of them--that most amiable nobleman the\nMarquess of Northampton. His noble simplicity and single-mindedness of\ncharacter, and his unaffected kindliness of manner, endeared him to all who\nhad the good fortune to be honoured with his acquaintance, and by all of\nwhom his death will be long and most deeply regretted.\n\nMr. Sandys, F.S.A., of Canterbury, has issued a Prospectus for the\nimmediate publication, by Subscription, of the _Consuetudines Kanciae: a\nHistory of Gavelkind and other remarkable Customs in the County of Kent_.\n\nMessrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Monday next, and four following\ndays, a very select and valuable Library, the property of a gentleman\ndeceased, including among other choice lots, two early MSS. of the _Divina\nComedia_, and an extensive, rare, and interesting series of early editions\nof Dante. {78}\n\n_Books Received._--_Clark's Introduction to Heraldry_ (London, Washbourne),\nfourteenth edition, which contains a chapter and plates, which are entirely\nnew, on Heraldry in conjunction with Architecture;--_Hints and Queries\nintended to promote the Preservation of Antiquities and the Collection and\nArrangement of Information on the Subject of Local History and\nTradition_--a most useful little tract, highly creditable to the _Kilkenny\nArchaeological Society_, by whose order it has been printed for\ncirculation;--_The Peril of the Papal Aggression; or, the Case as it stands\nbetween the Queen and the Pope, by Anglicanus_. London, Bosworth.\n\n_Catalogues Received._--Charles Skeet's (21. King William Street, Charing\nCross) Catalogue No. 1. for 1851, of a Miscellaneous Collection of Books,\nNew and Second-hand; John Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue, Part\nCXX. (No. 1. for 1851) of Old and New Books; Edward Stibbs' (331. Strand)\nCatalogue, Part II., of a valuable Collection of Books, including an\nextensive purchase of Italian, French, and Spanish Literature; Bernard\nQuaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 23. of\nEuropean and Oriental Philology and General Literature; John Miller's (43.\nChandos Street) Catalogue No. XVII. of Books Old and New.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nDE CULTU ET AMORE DEI. 2 Pts. London, 1745.\n\nAINSLIE'S MATERIA INDICA.\n\nLEWIN, LEPIDUR, INSECTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES, 18 coloured   Plates. 4to. 1805\n\nCOCKBURNE ON GONORRHOEA VIRULENTA, c. 1. col. London, 1721.\n\nRAY, SYNOPSIS METHODICA AVIUM ET PISCITM. London, 1713.\n\nBURKE'S THOUGHTS ON THE CAUSES OF THE DISCONTENTS, 1766.\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be\nsent to MR. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.\n\nHANAP. Q.B., _who asks the meaning of this old name given to certain cups\nand drinking vessels, is referred to our First Vol. pp. 477-8, our Second\nVol. p. 150., and the_ Archaeological Journal, Vol. ii., p. 263.\n\nMR. KENNETH MACKENZIE, MR. M.A. LOWER. MR. GEORGE STEPHENS (_of_\nStockholm), _and several anonymous Correspondents, who have written to us\nsuggesting certain alterations either in our size, price, mode of\npublication, or other arrangements, are assured that fully appreciating the\nkind motives which have prompted their communications, their respective\nsuggestions will receive our best attention; and that if we do not adopt\nthem, it will be for reasons the force of which our Correspondents would,\nwe have no doubt, if they could be made fully acquainted with them, be the\nvery first to admit._\n\nDELTA, _who writes to us respecting the origin of the thought embodied in\nCambell's line_--\n\n  Like angels' visits, few and far between,\"\n\n_is referred to our First Vol. p. 102, and our Second Vol. p. 286., for two\nquotations from Norris of Bemerton, which embody the same idea._\n\n_If _MR. JOHN POWERS_, who in _NOTES AND QUERIES_ for Jan. 12th. 1850, p.\n163., offered to furnish an extract from Hardiman's _Statute of Kilkenny_,\nwill have the kindness to so at this distance of time, and to forward it to\nus, the Querist to whom he replied, and whose direction we have just\nreceived, will be much obliged to him._\n\nE.T., _who inquires respecting the quotation in Sterne_,--\n\n  \"God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb,\"\n\n_will find many earlier instances of this proverbial expression quoted in\nour First Vol._ pp. 325. 357. 418.\n\nREPLIES RECEIVED.--_Breeches Bible--Curse of Scotland--John Sanderson--St.\nSaviour's, Canterbury--Frozen Horn--Under the Rose--Lynch Law--\"Talk not of\nLove\"--Darby and Joan--Robertson of Struan--Wolf and\nHound--Difformis--Culture of Imagination--Lachrymatories--Synod of\nDort--Bunyan and Hobbes--Booty's Case--Lucy and Colin--Black Rood of\nScotland--Ferling--Portraits of Bishops--Time when Herodotus wrote--Fronte\nCapillata--Separation of Sexes in Church--Touching for the Evil--True\nBlue--St. Paul's Clock--Annoy--Umbrella._\n\nVOLUME THE SECOND OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with very copious _INDEX_, is now\nready, price_ 9s. 6d. _strongly bound in cloth. VOL. I. is reprinting, and\nwill, we hope, be ready next week._\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and\nNewsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country\nSubscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it\nregularly. Many of the country Booksellers. &c., are, probably, not yet\naware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive _NOTES and\nQUERIES_ in their Saturday parcels._\n\n_All communications for the Editor of _NOTES AND QUERIES_ should be\naddressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO BOOK BUYERS.--WILLIAM BROUGH, 22. Paradise Street, Birmingham, has just\npublished a Catalogue of upwards of 10,000 Volumes of Second-hand Books,\nwhich may be had _Gratis_ on Application; by Post, Four Stamps. Books of\nevery Description, and in any Quantity, purchased.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMr. Maccabe's Romance of the Dark Ages,\n\nBERTHA.\n\n\"The book is able, learned, and instructive to a degree wholly unusual in\nworks of its class.\"--_Weekly Chronicle._\n\n\"We gladly recommend a work, the learning, purity, and interest of which\nmust please all kinds of reader.\"--_Morning Chronicle._\n\n\"The mere novel reader will value it for its exciting adventures, its\ntouching incidents, and its dramatic interest; while it will be acceptable\nto the historical student for its vigorous grasp of historic character, and\nto the antiquarian for its information relating to the Dark\nAges.\"--_Morning Post._\n\n\"It is treated with the learning of a scholar, and the grace of an\nexperienced writer.\"--_News of the World._\n\nSee also NOTES AND QUERIES, January 11th.\n\nAlso, Vols. I. and II. A CATHOLIC HISTORY of ENGLAND. By W.B. MACCABE, Esq.\n\n\"A work of great literary value.\"--_The Times._\n\nT.C. NEWBY, 30. Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNow ready, fcap. 8vo., price 7s. 6d.\n\nA THIRD SERIES OF PLAIN SERMONS, addressed to a Country Congregation. By\nthe late REV. EDWARD BLENCOWE, Curate of Teversal, Notts, and formerly\nFellow of Oriel College, Oxford.\n\nALSO, A NEW EDITION OF THE FIRST SERIES, AND A SECOND EDITION OF THE SECOND\nSERIES, price 7s. 6d. each.\n\n\"Their style is simple; the sentences are not artfully constructed; and\nthere is an utter absence of all attempt at rhetoric. The language is plain\nSaxon language, from which 'the men on the wall' can easily gather what it\nmost concerns them to know.\"--_Theologian._\n\nAlso, 2 vols. 12mo., sold separately, 8s. each,\n\nSERMONS. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY, M.A., Vicar of Ecclesfield.\n\n\"Sermons of a high and solid character--earnest and\naffectionate.\"--_Theologian._\n\n\"Plain and practical, but close and scholarly discourses.\"--_Spectator._\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n{79}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFAC-SIMILES.\n\nASHBEE AND TUCKETT, LITHOGRAPHERS &c., 18. BROAD COURT, LONG ACRE, beg\nrespectfully to draw attention to their Establishment for the Execution of\nANCIENT AND MODERN FAC-SIMILES, both Plain and in Colours; comprising\nAutographs, Charters, Deeds, Drawings, Illuminations, Titlepages, Woodcuts,\n&c., which they produce with the utmost fidelity and exactness, also\nwithout the slightest injury to the Original. Specimens may be inspected at\nthe Offices, or will be forwarded on Application.\n\nEvery Description of Plain and Ornamental LITHOGRAPHY executed with the\ngreatest attention and punctuality.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNow ready, in one handsome vol. 8vo., illustrated with 37 Plates and 192\nWoodcuts, half morocco, 1l. 1s.\n\nTHE ROMAN WALL: An Historical, Topographical, and Descriptive Account of\nthe Barrier of the Lower Isthmus extending from the Tyne to the Solway,\ndeduced from repeated personal Surveys. By the REV. JOHN COLLINGWOOD BRUCE,\nM.A.\n\nLondon: JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 4. Old Compton Street, Soho. Newcastle-on-Tyne:\nWILLIAM SANG and G. BOURCHIER RICHARDSON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nARNOLD'S SCHOOL CLASSICS, WITH ENGLISH NOTES. Now ready, in 12 mo., price\n3s.\n\nTHE AJAX OF SOPHOCLES, with ENGLISH NOTES, translated from the German of\nF.W. SCHNEIDEWIN, by the REV. R.B. PAUL, Vicar of St. Augustine's, Bristol,\nand late Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. Edited by the REV. T.K. ARNOLD,\nM.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.\n\nRIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;\n\nOf whom may be had, by the same Editor,\n\n1. THE PHILOCTETES of SOPHOCLES. (Nearly Ready.)\n\n2. THE OLYNTHIAC ORATIONS OF DEMOSTHENES, with copious Notes and\nGrammatical References. 3s. (nearly ready, ORATIO DE CORONA.)\n\n3. HOMERI ILIAS, LIB. I.-IV., with a copious CRITICAL INTRODUCTION and\nNOTES. 7s. 6d.\n\n4. SELECTIONS from CICERO, PART I., ORATIONS, 4s. PART II., EPISTLES, 5s.\nPART III., TUSCULAN DISPUTATIONS. (In the Press.)\n\nARNOLD'S GREEK SYNONYMES AND HANDBOOKS. In 12mo., price 6s. 6d.\n\nA HANDBOOK of GREEK SYNONYMES. From the French of M. PILLON, Librarian of\nthe Bibliotheque Royale, Paris. Edited, with NOTES, by the REV. THOMAS\nKERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of Trinity\nCollege, Cambridge.\n\nRIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;\n\nOf whom may be had,\n\n1. DODERLEIN'S HANDBOOK of LATIN SYNONYMES. 7s. 6d.\n\n2. HANDBOOK OF GRECIAN ANTIQUITIES. 3s. 6d.\n\n3. HANDBOOK OF ROMAN ANTIQUITIES. 3s. 6d.\n\n4. THE ATHENIAN STAGE; a Handbook for the Student of the GREEK DRAMA. 4s.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE LABOUR QUESTION.--MR. MAYHEW'S Letters in the MORNING CHRONICLE on the\nWorking Classes, are now being republished in Weekly Numbers, price\nTwopence; and Monthly Parts, price Ninepence; with Engravings of the Scenes\nand People from Daguerreotypes by BEARD. To be had of all Newsmen.\n\nOffice, 69. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMR. T. RICHARDS (late of St. Martin's Lane), PRINTER and Agent to the PERCY\nand HARLUYT SOCIETIES, has removed to 37. Great Queen Street,\nLincoln's-Inn-Fields, where he respectfully requests all Letters may be\naddressed to him.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust published, Fcap. 8vo., price 8d., or forwarded Post Free on receipt of\n1s. in Postage Stamps.\n\nTHE PERIL OF PAPAL AGGRESSION; or the Case as it stands between THE QUEEN\nAND THE POPE. By ANGLICANUS.\n\n\"A people who can understand and act upon the counsels which God has given\nit, in the past events of its history, is safe in the most dangerous crisis\nof its fate.\"--_M. Guizot._\n\nLondon: T. BOSWORTH, 215. Regent Street; H. BASELEY, 9. Old Broad Street,\nand of all Booksellers.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWHERE TO BUY A DRESSING CASE.\n\nIn no article perhaps is caution more necessary than in the purchase of a\nDressing Case, for in none are the meretricious arts of the unprincipled\nmanufacturer more frequently displayed. MECHI, 4. LEADENHALL STREET, near\nGracechurch Street, has long enjoyed the reputation of producing a Dressing\nCase in the most finished and faultless manner. Those who purchase of him\nwill be sure of having thoroughly-seasoned and well-prepared wood or\nleather, with the fittings of first-rate quality. The prices range from 1l.\nto 100l. Thus the man of fortune and he of moderate means may alike be\nsuited, while the traveller will find the Mechian Dressing Case especially\nadapted to his necessities.--4. LEADENHALL STREET.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY AND ECCLESIASTICAL CALENDAR FOR 1851,\ncontaining a Diary with the Lessons, Collects, and Directions for Public\nWorship, with blank spaces for Memoranda for every Day in the Year, the\nSundays and other Holidays being printed in red.\n\nThe Ecclesiastical Calendar contains a list of all the Bishops, Deans,\nArchdeacons, Canons, Prebendaries, and other dignitaries of the United\nChurch of England and Ireland, arranged under their respective Dioceses.\nThe Bishops and other Dignitaries of the Colonial Church, the Scottish and\nAmerican Episcopal Churches; Statistics of the Roman Catholic and Greek\nChurches, the various bodies of Dissenters, Religious Societies in\nconnexion with the Church, with their Income and Expenditure; Directions to\nCandidates for Holy Orders, Curates, and newly-appointed Incumbents; the\nUniversities, Heads of Houses, Prizes, &c.\n\nThe Miscellaneous Part contains complete Lists of both Houses of\nParliament, the Ministry, Judges, &c., Tables of the Revenue, Taxes, Wages,\n&c., with a variety of matter useful to all Clergymen, the whole forming a\nCOMPLETE AND CONVENIENT CLERGYMAN'S POCKET BOOK. Price, in cloth, 3s., or\nwith a tuck as a pocket book, roan, 5s., or in morocco, 6s. 6d.\n\n\"It appears to be exceedingly well got up, and to contain all that a\nclergyman or a churchman can desire.\"--_Guardian._\n\n\"Well arranged, and full of useful matter.\"--_John Bull._\n\n\"The most complete and useful thing of the kind.\"--_Christian\nRemembrancer._\n\nOxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER; and 377. Strand, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNOTICE.\n\nTHE NEW EDITION OF BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE FOR 1851\n\nIS PUBLISHED THIS DAY.\n\nRevised and corrected throughout to the Present Time from the Personal\nCommunications of the Nobility, &c.\n\nIn 1 Vol. Royal 8vo., comprising as much matter as twenty ordinary volumes,\nwith 1500 engravings of arms, &c. 38s. bound.\n\n\"The most complete, the most convenient, and the cheapest work of the kind\never given to the public.\"--_Sun._\n\nAlso just published, in 2 vols. 8vo., 28s. bound,\n\nMR. DISRAELI'S LIFE AND REIGN OF CHARLES I.\n\nNew Edition, revised by the Author, and edited by his Son, B. DISRAELI,\nM.P.\n\n\"By far the most important work on the important age of Charles I. that\nmodern times have produced.\"--_Quarterly Review._\n\nHENRY COLBURN, Publisher, 13. Great Marlborough Street. {80}\n\nMILTON, SPENSER, SCOTT, &C.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWe are requested to notice the Re-issue by H. WASHBOURNE, NEW BRIDGE\nSTREET. Of a New and enlarged Edition, with 4,000 Plates, 2 vols. 21s.\n\nBOOK OF FAMILY CRESTS AND MOTTOES, accompanied by upwards of 4,000\nEngravings, illustrative of the Crests of nearly every Family. _The best\nrecommendation as to its correctness (in the main) is, that it has been\nused as a book of reference in the Herald's College._\n\n\"No wonder this book sells.\"--_Spectator._\n\nBOOK OF FAMILY MOTTOES, borne by Nobility, Gentry, &c., with Translations\nand Names. 3s. 6d. Fourteenth Edition, and 74th Year of its Publication,\nwith a New Chapter on Heraldry as in conjunction with Architecture, &c.\n\nCLARK'S INTRODUCTION TO HERALDRY. Upwards of 1,000 Plates, including the\nArms of numerous Families. Small 8vo. 7s. 6d.; Plates, correctly coloured,\n18s.; or 12s. on paper prepared for Learners.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFATHERS OF THE EARLY ENGLISH CHURCH.\n\nNow re-issued, at nearly half their published prices,\n\nWORKS OF VENERABLE BEDE. 12 vols. 8vo.\n\n*** MISCELLANEOUS WORKS AND LIFE OF V. BEDE separate in 6 Vols. 1l. 10s.\n\nALDHELM'S WORKS. 8vo. 6s. A.D. 705.\n\nARNULF'S LETTERS, &c. 6s. A.D. 1141.\n\nBONIFACE'S WORKS. 2 vols. 8vo. 12s. A.D. 720.\n\nJOHN of SALISBURY'S WORKS. 5 vols. A.D. 1136.\n\nLANFRANC'S WORKS. 2 vols. 12s. A.D. 1070.\n\nPETER OF BLOIS' WORKS. 4 vols. 1l. 4s. A.D. 1100.\n\nThe Series, with the Works of THOMAS a BECKET, HERBERT of BOSHAM, and\nFOLIOT, complete in 35 vols. 8vo. 9l.\n\n_Those who wish to perfect their Sets are recommended to do so at once._\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMARTIN'S MILTON.\n\nMILTON'S PARADISE LOST, with 24 large Engravings by MARTIN. Imperial 8vo.\n1l. 11s. 6d. half-bound morocco; 2l. 2s. morocco, elegantly gilt.\n\n\"He is more original, more self-dependent than Raffaelle or Michael Angelo;\nthey perfected the style of others--of Massaccio and Segnorelli. Martin\nborrowed from none\"--_Sir E.L.B. Lytton._\n\nSPENSER'S POETICAL AND PROSE WORKS. With Memoirs. Royal 8vo. 10s. 6d.\ncloth; 20s. morocco.\n\nSPECTATOR, with Portraits and Lives of the Authors. 9s. cloth; 18s. 6d.\nmorocco.\n\nHUDIBRAS, Gray's Edition. Edited by DR. NASH. Illustrated by above 100\nPortraits, &c. 2 vols. 21s.; or without the Portraits. 10s.\n\n\"When ordering a Hudibras, we do not know what better edition could be\nsupplied.\"--_Douglas Jerrold._\n\nBOSWELL'S LIFE OF DR. JOHNSON, by MALONE 8vo. 7s. cloth; 9s. half morocco.\n\n\"Neatly printed and to which the industry of all the Crokers has added\nlittle either curious or important.\"--_Spectator._\n\nARABIAN NIGHTS ENTERTAINMENTS. Illustrated. Royal 8vo. 7s. 6d.; without\nPlates, 6s. 6d.\n\nMOORE'S PICTORIAL BOOK OF OLD ENGLISH BALLADS and BORDER MINSTRELSY.\nIllustrated by 200 Wood Engravings. 8vo. 10s. 6d. cloth; 12s. half morocco;\n20s. antique morocco.\n\n\"It contains a number of most curious and interesting ballads, profusely\nillustrated by clever and appropriate woodcuts.\"--_Lit. Gazette._\n\nMASSINGER'S WORKS by GIFFORD. Royal 8vo. 10s. 6d.\n\nPERCY'S RELIQUES of ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY. 3 vols. Fcp. 8vo. With\nilluminated Titles. 15s. cloth; 18s. half morocco; 24s. morocco; 30s.\nantique morocco.\n\nELLIS'S SPECIMENS OF EARLY ENGLISH POETS. 3 vols., at same Prices.\n\n\"_Washbourne's _edition of Percy and Ellis_ are tempting books._\"--_Gent.\nMagazine._\n\nSIR WALTER SCOTT.--The ABBOTSFORD, CABINET, and all Editions of the NOVELS,\nPOETRY, MISCELLANEOUS PROSE, and LIFE.\n\nWALTON'S LIVES OF DONNE, WALTON, HOOKER, HERBERT, &c. 76 Engravings. MAJOR\nEdition. Small 8vo. 9s. cloth; 14s. morocco antique.\n\nGEORGE HERBERT'S POEMS and COUNTRY PARSON. Super-royal 32mo. cloth,\nantique, 4s.; morocco antique, 8s.\n\n==> It will be necessary to apply for WASHBOURNE'S Editions.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCommittee for the Repair of the\n\nTOMB OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER.\n\n  JOHN BRUCE, Esq. Treas. S.A.\n  J. PAYNE COLLIER, Esq., V.P.S.A.\n  PETER CUNNINGHAM, Esq., F.S.A.\n  WILLIAM RICHARD DRAKE, Esq., F.S.A.\n  THOMAS W. KING, Esq., F.S.A.\n  SIR FREDERICK MADDEN, K.H.\n  JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq. F.S.A.\n  HENRY SHAW, Esq., F.S.A.\n  SAMUEL SHEPHERD, Esq., F.S.A.\n  WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A.\n\nThe Tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer in Westminster Abbey is fast mouldering into\nirretrievable decay. A sum of One Hundred Pounds, will effect a perfect\nrepair. The Committee have not thought it right to fix any limit to the\ncontribution; they themselves have opened the list with a subscription from\neach of them of Five Shillings; but thy will be ready to receive any\namount, more or less, which those who value poetry and honour Chaucer may\nbe kind enough to remit to them.\n\nSubscriptions have been received from the Earls of Carlisle, Ellesmere, and\nShaftesbury, Viscounts Strangford and Mahon, Pres. Soc. Antiq., The Lords\nBraybrooke and Londesborough, and many other noblemen and gentlemen.\n\nSubscriptions are received by all the members of the Committee, and at the\nUnion Bank, Pall Mall East. Post-office orders may be made payable at the\nCharing Cross Office, to William Richard Drake, Esq., the Treasurer, 46.\nParliament Street, or William J. Thoms, Esq., Hon. Sec., 25. Holy-Well\nStreet, Millbank.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE LONDON HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, 32 Golden Square. Founded by the BRITISH\nHOMOEOPATHIC ASSOCIATION.\n\n  Patron: H.R.H. THE DUCHESS OF CAMBRIDGE.\n  Vice-Patron: HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF BEAUFORT, K.G.\n  President: F.M. THE MARQUIS OF ANGLESEY, K.G. K.C.B.\n  Chairman: CULLING C. SMITH, Esq.\n  Treasurer: JOHN DEAN PAUL, Esq., 217. Strand.\n\nThis Hospital is open every Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday, at 2\no'clock for the reception of Out-Patients without Letters of\nRecommendation. In-Patients admitted every Tuesday at 3 o'clock upon the\nRecommendation of a Governor or Subscribers.\n\nSubscriptions to the Hospital Funds will be thankfully received by the\nbankers. Messrs. Strahan and Co., Strand, and Messrs. Prescott and Co.,\nThreadneedle Street, and by\n\nRALPH BUCHAN, Honorary Secretary, 32. Gold Square.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, January 25. 1851.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 65, January 25, 1851","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":28510}