{"collection":"scripture-revelation","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_16172/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_16172","id":"gutenberg_16172","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16172","summary":null,"tags":["Category: History - American","Category: History - Religious","Category: Religion/Spirituality","Category: Teaching & Education","Congregational churches -- Missions -- Periodicals","Home missions -- Periodicals","The American Missionary"],"text":"Produced by Cornell University, Joshua Hutchinson, Donald\nPerry and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttps://www.pgdp.net\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTHE AMERICAN MISSIONARY.\n\nDECEMBER, 1889.\n\nVOL. XLIII.   NO. 12\n\n\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n\nEDITORIAL.\n\n  OUR ANNUAL MEETING\n\n  FINANCIAL\n\n  THE DANIEL HAND FUND\n\n  THE LITERATURE OF THE MEETING\n\n  NOTICES FROM THE PRESS\n\n  THE \"AMERICAN MISSIONARY\"\n\n  BRIEF NOTES\n\n\nANNUAL MEETING.\n\n  PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL MEETING\n\n  SUMMARY OF TREASURER'S REPORT\n\n  THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION--ITS PLACE AND WORK.\n  BY SECRETARY STRIEBY\n\n  THE MISSIONARY VIEW OF THE SOUTHERN SITUATION.\n  BY SECRETARY BEARD\n\n  REPORTS OF COMMITTEES\n\n  ADDRESSES ON THESE REPORTS, BY MESSRS. WRIGHT, WOODBURY, TAYLOR, HIATT,\n  FISK, FOSTER, RIGGS, STIMSON, GOODWIN, AND SALISBURY\n\n  CLOSING ADDRESS BY REV. DR. TAYLOR\n\n\nBUREAU OF WOMAN'S WORK.\n\n  REPORT OF SECRETARY\n\n  WOMAN'S STATE ORGANIZATIONS\n\n\nRECEIPTS\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNEW YORK:\n\nPUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.\n\nRooms, 56 Reade Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPrice, 50 Cents a Year, in Advance.\n\nEntered at the Post Office at New York, N.Y., as second-class matter.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nAmerican Missionary Association\n\n\nPRESIDENT, Rev. WM. M. TAYLOR, D.D., LL.D., N.Y.\n\n\n_Vice-Presidents._\n\n  Rev. A.J.F. BEHRENDS, D.D., N.Y.\n  Rev. F.A. NOBLE, D.D., Ill.\n  Rev. ALEX. McKENZIE, D.D., Mass.\n  Rev. D.O. MEARS, D.D., Mass.\n  Rev. HENRY HOPKINS, D.D., Mo.\n\n\n_Corresponding Secretaries._\n\n  Rev. M.E. STRIEBY, D.D., _56 Reade Street, N.Y._\n  Rev. A.F. BEARD, D.D., _56 Reade Street, N.Y._\n\n\n_Recording Secretary._\n\n  Rev. M.E. STRIEBY, D.D., _56 Reade Street, N.Y._\n\n\n_Treasurer._\n  H.W. HUBBARD, Esq., _56 Reade Street, N.Y._\n\n\n_Auditors._\n\n  PETER McCARTEE.\n  CHAS. P. PEIRCE.\n\n\n_Executive Committee._\n\n  JOHN H. WASHBURN, Chairman.\n  ADDISON P. FOSTER, Secretary.\n\n\n  _For Three Years._\n\n  S.B. HALLIDAY,\n  SAMUEL HOLMES,\n  SAMUEL S. MARPLES,\n  CHARLES L. MEAD,\n  ELBERT B. MONROE.\n\n\n  _For Two Years._\n\n  J.E. RANKIN,\n  WM. H. WARD,\n  J.W. COOPER,\n  JOHN H. WASHBURN,\n  EDMUND L. CHAMPLIN.\n\n\n  _For One Year._\n\n  LYMAN ABBOTT,\n  CHAS. A. HULL,\n  CLINTON B. FISK,\n  ADDISON P. FOSTER,\n  ALBERT J. LYMAN.\n\n\n_District Secretaries._\n\n  Rev. C.J. RYDER, _21 Cong'l House, Boston._\n  Rev. J.E. ROY, D.D., _151 Washington Street, Chicago._\n  Rev. C.W. HIATT, _64 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio._\n\n\n_Financial Secretary for Indian Missions._\n\n  Rev. CHAS. W. SHELTON.\n\n\n_Field Superintendent._\n\n  Rev. FRANK E. JENKINS.\n\n\n_Secretary of Woman's Bureau._\n\n  Miss D.E. EMERSON, _56 Reade St., N.Y._\n\n\nCOMMUNICATIONS\n\nRelating to the work of the Association may be addressed to the\nCorresponding Secretaries; letters for \"THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY,\" to the\nEditor, at the New York Office; letters relating to the finances, to the\nTreasurer.\n\n\nDONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS\n\nIn drafts, checks, registered letters, or post-office orders, may be\nsent to H.W. Hubbard, Treasurer, 56 Reade Street, New York, or, when\nmore convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, 21 Congregational\nHouse, Boston, Mass., or 151 Washington Street, Chicago, Ill. A payment\nof thirty dollars at one time constitutes a Life Member.\n\nNOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.--The date on the \"address label\" indicates the\ntime to which the subscription is paid. Changes are made in date on\nladle to the 10th of each month. If payment of subscription be made\nafterward, the change on the label will appear a month later. Please\nsend early notice of change in post-office address, giving the former\naddress and the new address, in order that our periodicals and\noccasional papers may be correctly mailed.\n\n\nFORM OF A BEQUEST.\n\n\"I bequeath to my executor (or executors) the sum of ---- dollars, in\ntrust, to pay the same in ---- days after my decease to the person who,\nwhen the same is payable, shall act as Treasurer of the 'American\nMissionary Association,' of New York City, to be applied, under the\ndirection of the Executive Committee of the Association, to its\ncharitable uses and purposes.\" The Will should be attested by three\nwitnesses.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE AMERICAN MISSIONARY.\n\n\nVOL. XLIII.      DECEMBER, 1889.       NO. 12\n\n\nAmerican Missionary Association.\n\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nOUR ANNUAL MEETING.\n\nWe return from our Annual Meeting held in Chicago with a deep sense of\ngratitude to God and to the many friends who in various ways helped to\nmake it one of the most pleasant and profitable of our anniversaries. We\ndid not have the remarkable uplift of a munificent gift like that of Mr.\nDaniel Hand, which made our meeting at Providence so memorable, but we\nhad, in the strength and appropriateness of the sermon, and in the\nability of the addresses, papers and reports, that which will render\nthis meeting a cheering landmark in our history.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nFINANCIAL.\n\n$500,000 FOR 1889-90.\n\nOur financial exhibit, with the able report upon it, was one of the\nencouraging features of our Annual Meeting. The report of the Treasurer\nannounced the gratifying fact that the books closed with all obligations\nand indebtedness paid, and with a balance on hand of over $4,000. The\nable Finance Committee gave a careful examination of the Treasurer's\nbooks and papers, and made very commendatory report as to methods and\naccuracy.\n\nThe National Council, at its meeting in Worcester, recommended that the\nchurches contribute to the Association for the coming year $500,000. The\nFinance Committee after careful examination of the needs of the work\nendorsed the recommendation of the Council, and the Association heartily\nadopted the report. This sum, therefore, is what, in the judgment of\ncompetent persons, is imperatively needed; and we, therefore, take\npleasure in going before our constituents, appealing for that amount.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE DANIEL HAND FUND.\n\nThis noble gift, which awakened such enthusiasm at our annual meeting\none year ago, came with its echo of work well done during the year--an\necho which we trust will reverberate with steady force through all the\nyears to come. In the Treasurer's report the figures were given as to\nthe appropriations made from the income of this Fund during the year; in\nthe General Survey cheering statements were made as to the many pupils\nit had stimulated to industry and education, and the buildings it had\nerected; and in several of the papers and addresses, grateful mention\nwas made of the benefits conferred by it. We trust that other large\ngivers may be stimulated to follow in the footsteps of one who has so\nwisely invested his money for the uplifting of the most needy in our\nland.\n\nA recent letter from Mr. Hand shows his deep solicitude that his gift\nshall be used for the highest moral and religious purposes. He says: \"I\nhave feared that the teachers might be more concerned for letters than\nfor morals. My bequest was given to you chiefly as a religious society.\nReligion is the first, chiefest and best of it all.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE LITERATURE OF THE MEETING.\n\nThis presents a genuine case of the embarrassment of riches. We never\nhad better. We wish all our friends might have the opportunity for the\ncareful study of it, for it is worth their time and attention.\n\nFull reports of the proceedings were made daily in the _Chicago Inter\nOcean_. They were all gathered into a supplement, and have already been\nwidely scattered. Some copies are still on hand at our offices in New\nYork, Boston, Cleveland and Chicago, and can be had on application.\n\nThe annual sermon, as usual, will be printed with the Annual Report.\nThis number of the MISSIONARY (an enlarged number) will contain the\nMinutes and the official papers, including reports and the speeches upon\nthem, (the latter necessarily somewhat abridged) Secretaries' papers,\nand the closing address of Rev. Dr. Taylor. Other papers and addresses,\nincluding the Representative Addresses, will be published hereafter as\nfar as practicable in subsequent numbers of the MISSIONARY or in some\nother form.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNOTICES FROM THE PRESS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFROM THE ADVANCE.\n\nNo meeting of the American Missionary Association has ever been better\nthan this last one. Dr. William M. Taylor, who with such consummate\nfelicity combines so many of the best characteristics of the Scotch, the\nEnglish and the Yankee, presided. The topics of the several papers and\naddresses, though covering a large range of thought all converged to the\nsame main point, and were especially pertinent to the hour. Those who\nhad been invited to prepare papers showed, by the manifest pains they\ntook with them, their sense of the importance of the occasion. They\nbrought the results of their best and most earnest thinking. And it is\nrare that such speakers are confronted by a more earnest, intelligent\nand sympathetic audience.\n\nThe meeting was a good one in every respect; it is not easy to\noverestimate either its delightfulness or its moral power. It is not\npossible for a great society to place before itself a more eminently\nChristlike purpose. It has been greatly honored of God in its results\nthus far. And no decently intelligent history of America will ever fail\nto note the vital and decisively critical part which, in the Providence\nthat overrules all history, has been given to this so timely and so\nsagaciously Christian organization to take in preparing the various\ndespised races of America for good citizenship in our common country, so\nthat Negro, Indian, Chinaman and whatever other race representatives are\namong us may sing in glorious unison: \"My country 'tis of thee, sweet\nland of liberty!\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFROM THE CONGREGATIONALIST.\n\nThe Annual Meeting in Chicago was remarkable in many respects. All the\nsessions were good. There was no talking against time. There were no\ndisplays of eloquence. No one spoke for effect. The ruling desire seemed\nto be to get at the facts, and to learn the lessons which they teach.\n\nSubjects were carefully grouped together, so that at the close of the\nmeeting one felt that the fourfold character of the work of the\nAssociation had been fully and intelligently presented. Speeches were\nalmost entirely by those whose names were on the programme, and who,\ntherefore, had given time and thought to the matters on which they had\nbeen invited to enlighten others. Every one came with the idea that he\n_might_ speak, that he had the liberty of the floor, and yet few cared\nto use this liberty. Debate is good, but on matters which concern the\ntreatment of more than ten millions of people--eight of Negroes, two of\nmountain whites, besides Indians and Chinese--extempore addresses are\nnot the best use of time. As a result of this preparation, Wednesday,\nthe day when most of the papers were read, will compare favorably with\nthe best days of the American Board. The ability of the younger men in\nour denomination was conspicuous. None of our great benevolent\nenterprises will suffer in their hands.\n\nWhile there was great seriousness, there was also evident hopefulness,\nand an unshaken confidence in the power of the gospel to remove all the\ndifficulties in the race problem, the Indian and the Chinese questions,\nand in the treatment of the Mountain Whites. While a unit in sentiment\nas to the importance of the school, the convention seemed to be equally\na unit as to the importance of making it a missionary school, and of\nkeeping it in closest union with the church. The conviction seemed to\nprevail that to separate the one from the other would, in the highest\ndegree, be unfortunate. It was evident, furthermore, that the work of\nthe Association has only just begun, that no backward step can be taken,\nand that the churches ought to give larger sums for the support of the\nAssociation year by year. It deserves, and will reward, their confidence\nand generosity.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFROM THE CHRISTIAN UNION.\n\nThe Annual Meeting of the American Missionary Association, held in\nChicago last week, and of which a full account will be found elsewhere,\nbrought out anew the directness and energy with which this society is\nbringing its aid to the solution of some of the most immediate and\nperplexing problems in this country. The Negro, the Indian and the\nChinese are the especial objects of its care, and it has rendered\nimmense service to these races in this country, not only by its direct\nanswer to the appeal for help which comes, consciously or unconsciously,\nfrom all of them, but by its educational influence upon the country at\nlarge. The importance of the race question in the South cannot be\noverstated, and it is a question the very gravity of which makes all\npartisanship on either side the gravest offense against the welfare of\nthe country. The American Missionary Association, planting itself\nresolutely on the principle of equal justice to all races on our\ncontinent, and holding firmly to the method of Christian education,\nholds distinct leadership in the only direction which can bring\npermanent peace and safety. There is no missionary work in the world so\nurgent and so important as that among the Negroes of the South. It is\nnot often that the work of a great Association is so plainly marked,\ncommends itself so thoroughly to the support of the country, and\nconverges so directly upon those things which are most urgent in their\ndemand upon the best thought of the best citizens, as the work of the\nAmerican Missionary Association.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFROM THE INDEPENDENT.\n\nThe meeting of the American Missionary Association in Chicago had no\ndebated question to excite difference. All agree that the meeting was\none of the most earnest and effective in the history of the Association.\nBeginning with the opening sermon of Dr. Meredith, and closing with the\naddress of Dr. Taylor, all the reports and addresses were thoughtful and\npertinent. Some of the papers on special topics were of a very high\norder, and it may not be invidious to name the remarkable paper by\nColonel Keating, of Memphis, Tenn., which places him alongside of Drs.\nCurry and Haygood among the leaders of thought in creating the true New\nSouth.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFROM THE HARTFORD COURANT.\n\nNo society in all this country of societies is doing nobler or more\nuseful work than the one which has been holding its yearly meeting this\nweek in the city of Chicago; none more thoroughly deserves the favor and\nsympathy (expressing itself in dollars) of the public.\n\nLook at a few eloquent figures. This American Missionary Association,\nnot yet fifty years old, has one hundred and thirteen missionaries at\nwork among the Negroes, the sadly neglected white mountaineers and the\nnewly arrived immigrants in the Southern States. It has established and\nmaintains there one hundred and thirty-six churches; also five chartered\ninstitutions of learning, eighteen normal and graded schools, and\nthirty-seven common schools, served by two hundred and sixty\ninstructors. Among the Indians it has half a dozen churches and three\ntimes that number of schools, sixty-eight missionaries and teachers;\namong the Chinese in this country, sixteen schools, thirty-five\nmissionaries and teachers. Its expenditures during the year footed up a\nlittle over $366,000--a little over a thousand dollars a day. What a\nwork these figures represent, not merely for the Christian religion, but\nfor civilization, for morals, for good citizenship!\n\nThe American Missionary Association ought to have at least half a\nmillion dollars to work with, this year, and Hartford should show well\nup toward the top in the list of contributors.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\"THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY.\"\n\nThe rich treat which this number of the MISSIONARY presents may well\nsuggest the privilege and duty not only of reading, but also of\ncirculating it. Let each reader possess himself of these important facts\nand figures--these broad views as to the great work laid on the hearts\nof American patriots and Christians--and then hand the magazine to some\nneighbor. Let us suggest farther, that the MISSIONARY, in its monthly\nissues, is full of the same sort of facts and thoughts, and should be\nmore widely read--it should have a _larger list of paying subscribers_.\nPlease read the subjoined letter from a converted Chinaman and then \"go\nand do thou likewise.\"\n\n     LOS ANGELES, CAL., Sept. 25, 1889.\n\n     _Dear American Missionary:_\n\n     I am sorry to say that I have utterly forgotten to pay you\n     for the _American Missionary_ for the year 1889. Now I beg\n     your pardon for that. You know I have used to send the money\n     through our pastor Dr. Pond, but since I had left San\n     Francisco visiting missions in different towns and cities\n     and therefore the _American Missionary_ did not reached me\n     while I am away from Los Angeles, so my attention of paying\n     for it was dropped from that point. Now I sent you _one\n     dollars_ including a new subscriber, our brother Jue King.\n     While I am writing this note another brother came in who\n     wish to get one also, and therefore have to send you $1.50,\n     one dollar & 50 cents. This brother name Leung Chow, Los\n     Angeles. Address Jue King's to the same P.O. Box as mine and\n     oblige. God bless the American Missionary.\n\n     Respectfully yours,\n\n     LOO QUONG.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBRIEF NOTES.\n\nREV. C.J. RYDER, DISTRICT SECRETARY.\n\nA little swarm of \"Busy Bees,\" in Dover, N.H., have been making honey\nfor the needy children in one of the missions of our Association. Their\ngift, amounting to sixty-five dollars, has been used to furnish a\nReference Library for the school at Wilmington, N.C. Special rates were\nkindly given us on books by the Congregational Sunday-school and\nPublishing Society and other firms in Boston, so that this sixty-five\ndollars furnished a number of very useful books. Have not these \"Busy\nBees\" in New Hampshire set a good example to other children's societies?\n\nSpeaking of the Sunday-school and Publishing Society reminds me of two\nthings. The first is the kindly interest and generous help of that\nsociety in the work being done by the Association in various fields.\nLiterature is abundantly supplied from their press, and in some\ninstances they have sent colporteurs and missionaries into the various\nfields, who do a grand good work.\n\nThe other thing suggested by reference to this society is a queer\ncontribution which was brought in to Mr. Hall, a missionary of the\nAssociation at Fort Berthold, Dakota. I chanced to be there when it was\nbrought in. Mr. Hall had told the Indian boys and girls of the useful\nwork done by the Sunday-school and Publishing Society in different parts\nof the land. It has always been the policy of the Association, as our\nfriends know, to present the other Congregational Societies in our\nmissions, and distribute the small gifts which it is possible for these\npoor people to give, among the different societies and not absorb it all\nin the Association. These Indian boys had not money to give to the\nSunday-school Society, but they saw a premium offered for killing\ngophers. They are a mischievous little animal, devouring a large amount\nof wheat, corn and other grain every year. The farmers pay two cents for\neach dead gopher. The proof that the gopher has been killed is his tail.\nNow these little Indian boys had been so interested in the story told of\nthe work being done by the Sunday-school Society, that they spent their\nSaturday afternoon holiday snaring gophers. They brought the tails in\nthe envelopes of the society, as their contribution. I took some of the\nenvelopes, paying two cents apiece for each tail and brought them East\nwith me. On one envelope I found the following: \"Richard Fox, one tail.\"\nWhat could be more appropriate!\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nAnother of our District Secretaries not long since took a cup of coffee\nat a lunch counter kept by a colored man in Northern Ohio. After paying,\nhe spoke of the work of the American Missionary Association. The colored\nman's face lit up at once.\n\n\"Are you in that work?\"\n\n\"Yes, I am.\"\n\n\"Take back that fifteen cents, sir.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nFORTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING\n\nOF THE\n\nAmerican Missionary Association.\n\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThe Forty-third Annual Meeting of the American Missionary Association\nconvened in the New England Congregational Church of Chicago, Ill., on\nTuesday, October 29, 1889, at 3 o'clock P.M.\n\nThe Association was called to order by the President, Rev. William M.\nTaylor, D.D. The hymn, \"I love thy kingdom, Lord,\" was sung, after which\nthe President read the thirty-fifth chapter of Isaiah and led the\nAssociation in prayer.\n\nDr. Norman Seaver, supplying temporarily the pulpit of the New England\nChurch, welcomed the Association, and was responded to by Dr. Taylor.\n\nRev. N.A. Millerd and Rev. E.N. Andrews were appointed tellers, and\nwhile the roll was being made out, Secretary A.F. Beard read the portion\nof the Constitution relating to membership in the Association. Rev. J.C.\nArmstrong, of Illinois, was elected Secretary, and Rev. E.S. Williams,\nof Minnesota, Assistant Secretary.\n\nThe President was instructed to appoint a Nominating Committee.\n\nThe Treasurer, H.W. Hubbard, Esq., presented his annual report with\nschedules and the certificates of the auditors. The report was accepted\nand referred to the Committee on Finance.\n\nField Superintendent Rev. Frank E. Jenkins read the General Survey of\nthe Executive Committee. The document was accepted and the parts were\nreferred to the special committees to be appointed.\n\nThe President appointed the Nominating Committee as follows: Rev. G.S.F.\nSavage, D.D., Rev. H.P. Higley, D.D., Rev. A.W. Archibald, Rev. A.B.\nAllen and Rev. A.C. Hodges.\n\nThe Association was led by Secretary Strieby in a concert of prayer with\nthe workers in the field, Rev. Flavel Bascom, D.D., District Secretary\nRoy and many others participating, by remarks or prayers, in the\nexercises.\n\nThe Nominating Committee reported the following committees, which were\nappointed:\n\n_Committee on Business._--Rev. G.H. Ide, D.D., Rev. C.R. Bruce, Rev.\nM.W. Montgomery, Rev. D.P. Breed, Rev. E.M. Williams.\n\n_Committee on Finance._--F.J. Lamb, Esq., J.H. Moore, Esq., Pres. David\nBeaton, Pres. Albert Salisbury and Rev. W.S. Rugby.\n\n_Committee of Arrangements._--Rev. Norman Seaver, D.D., Wm. Dickinson,\nEsq., Wm. H. Bradley, Esq., O.B. Green, Esq., Rev. F.A. Noble, D.D.,\nJ.H. Hollister, M.D., District Secretary J.E. Roy.\n\n\nEVENING SESSION.\n\nThe exercises Tuesday evening opened with a selection by the quartette\nchoir of the New England Church.\n\nThe Association was called to order by President Taylor, and Rev. W.B.\nWright, D.D., read the Scripture and led in prayer. \"Watchman, tell us\nof the night,\" was then sung, after which Rev. R.R. Meredith, of New\nYork, preached the Annual Sermon, from Isaiah xlii, 1-4.\n\nThe sermon was followed by the administration of the Lord's Supper. The\nfollowing named persons officiated at the service: Ministers: Rev. H.P.\nHigley, D.D., Rev. Graham Taylor, D.D. Deacons: S.D. Hastings, W.H.\nBradley, Wm. Dickinson, C.F. Gates, H.W. Hubbard and Chauncey Collom.\n\nAt the close of the communion service, adjournment was taken to\nWednesday at 8 A.M.\n\nThe benediction was pronounced by President Taylor.\n\n\nWEDNESDAY MORNING.\n\nThe prayer-meeting from 8 to 9 o'clock was led by President E.D. Eaton.\nAt 9 o'clock, President Eaton was called to the chair temporarily, and\nwas succeeded by the Vice-President of the Association, Rev. F.A. Noble,\nD.D.\n\nThe minutes of the previous day were read and approved.\n\nThe President, Dr. Taylor, then resumed the chair.\n\nThe Nominating Committee reported the following special committees, who\nwere appointed:\n\n_Committee on the Chinese._--Rev. H.A. Stimson, D.D., Rev. E.P. Goodwin,\nD.D., Rev. Wm. Walker, Rev. J.G. Aikman, D.J. Pike, Esq.\n\n_Committee on the Indians._--Rev. A.P. Foster, D.D., Gen. C.H. Howard,\nRev. Clinton Douglass, Rev. C.V. Spear.\n\n_Committee on Educational Work._--Rev. W.B. Wright, D.D., Rev. F.P.\nWoodbury, D.D., Rev. Amos Dresser, Rev. H.M. Tupper, Rev. F.A. Ragland.\n\n_Committee on Church Work._--Rev. Graham Taylor, D.D., Rev. Warren F.\nDay, Rev. L.B. Maxwell, S.D. Hastings, Esq., O. Davidson, Esq.\n\n_Committee on Mountain Work._--Rev. D.M. Fisk, D.D., Rev. S.E. Lathrop,\nRev. S.A. Norton, Rev. E.P. South, Rev. W.E. Barton, Robert F. Wheeler,\nEsq.\n\nA paper on \"The American Missionary Association, its Place and Work,\"\nwas read by Secretary M.E. Strieby, and referred to a committee to be\nappointed.\n\nFollowing this, Secretary A.F. Beard read a paper on \"The Missionary\nView of the Southern Situation,\" which was referred also to a committee\nto be appointed.\n\nThe report of the Committee on the Chinese Work was presented by Rev.\nHenry A. Stimson, D.D. and accepted, and an address was made by Rev. E.\nP. Goodwin, D.D.\n\nThe Nominating Committee nominated the following special committees, who\nwere appointed:\n\n_Committee on Secretary Strieby's Paper._--Prof. G.B. Willcox, D.D.,\nRev. J.F. Dudley, D.D., Rev. E.D. Hill, D.D., Rev. Flavel Bascom, D.D.,\nRev. C.W. Camp, Rev. W.L. Tenney, Rev. J.E. Snowden.\n\n_Committee on Secretary Beard's Paper._--Rev. H.M. Tenney, D.D., Rev.\nC.O. Brown, D.D., Rev. E.M. Williams, Rev. E.F. Williams, D.D., Rev.\nCalvin Keyser, Deacon G.N. Palmer.\n\nRight Rev. H.B. Whipple, of Minnesota, then addressed the Association on\n\"The Future of the Indian in our Country.\"\n\nAfter which, remarks were made on the Chinese question by Dr. H.A.\nStimson and Rev. M.F. Sargent.\n\nAfter announcements of committees and programme for the afternoon,\nPresident Taylor pronounced the benediction, and recess was taken until\n2 o'clock P.M.\n\n\nWEDNESDAY AFTERNOON.\n\nThe Association was called to order by Vice-President Noble. \"Saviour,\nvisit thy plantation,\" was sung, after which Dr. Noble conducted the\ndevotional exercises for a half hour.\n\nA paper on \"The Future of the Negro in our Country,\" was read by Rev.\nC.H. Richards, D.D., of Wisconsin, and referred to the Executive\nCommittee with power to publish.\n\nRev. C.F. Thwing, D.D., unable to be present as announced, forwarded\nhis address for the use of the Secretaries of the Association.\n\nRev. A.P. Foster, D.D., presented the report of the Committee on the\nIndian Work.\n\nAddresses were then made by Rev. T.L. Riggs, of Oahe, and Rev. C.W.\nShelton, Financial Secretary for Indian Missions.\n\nAfter singing, \"Sow in the morn thy seed,\" the Association was addressed\nby Rev. W.B. Wright, D.D., on the Educational Work, presenting the\nreport of the committee and speaking in its behalf. Rev. F.P. Woodbury,\nD.D., spoke also on the same topic.\n\nAfter announcements, Dr. Noble pronounced the benediction, and the\nAssociation took a recess until 7:30 P.M.\n\n\nWEDNESDAY EVENING.\n\nThe Association was called to order by Secretary Strieby, who invited\nE.W. Blatchford, Esq., of Illinois, to preside during the evening in the\nabsence of President Taylor. Professor G.B. Willcox led the Association\nin prayer.\n\nOn being introduced by Secretary Strieby as representing the American\nBoard, Mr. Blatchford said:\n\n\"I have no authority from the American Board to convey to you any\nspecial message; and yet I know that they will be glad to have me\nexpress to you their sentiments of sympathy with you in your work. The\nwork is one. In carrying forward the work of the American Board and the\nAmerican Missionary Association we are obeying the same command of our\nLord: Go ye into all the world and disciple all. We are inspired by the\nsame prophetic promises, that the time will come when this world shall\nobey the command of God as it is obeyed in heaven. In fact, this\ngathering is in itself a type of the unity of this work; for as I look\naround me I see brethren and sisters representing the different\nsocieties in which we are all interested. I see them here from the New\nWest Commission; I see the workers and representatives of our Home\nMissionary Society; I see, of course, many representatives of the\nAmerican Missionary Association, and those deeply interested in the work\nof our American Board. So that we have here in this very meeting an\nillustration of these words of the Apostle: 'One Lord, one faith, one\nbaptism.'\"\n\nMrs. J.J.M. Angear, in charge of a Chinese Sunday-school in the First\nCongregational Church, Chicago, spoke of her work, her Chinese choir\nsinging \"Stand up for Jesus,\" and later a verse of \"Sweet By and By,\" in\nboth English and Chinese.\n\nRepresentative addresses then followed, Mr. Chin Kue speaking for the\nChinese, Mrs. Elizabeth Winyan for the Indians, Rev. T.L. Riggs\ninterpreting, and Rev. Mr. McClellan for the Negro. A verse of \"Shall we\nwhose souls are lighted,\" was sung, after which Rev. W.E. Barton spoke\nof the Mountain Whites.\n\nPresident Eaton's paper was deferred, owing to the lateness of the hour.\n\nAfter Secretary Strieby had led the Association in prayer and pronounced\nthe benediction, recess was taken until Thursday morning at 8:30 A.M.\n\n\nTHURSDAY MORNING.\n\nDevotional exercises from 8:30 to 9 o'clock were conducted by Rev. E.S.\nHill. Vice-President Noble called the Association to order.\n\nThe minutes of the previous day were read and approved.\n\nA letter to Secretary Strieby from Col. J.M. Keating, of Tennessee, on\nthe \"Southern Problem,\" was read by Secretary J.E. Roy. A rising vote\nwas taken, expressing approval of the sentiments of the letter and\nrequesting the Association to publish it. Dr. F.A. Noble was instructed\nto correspond with Col. Keating, assuring him of the Association's\nappreciation of his address.\n\nThe report on the \"Mountain Work,\" was presented by Rev. D.M. Fisk,\nD.D., who followed it by an address.\n\nDistrict Secretary C.J. Ryder read a paper on \"The Debt of our Country\nto the American Highlanders.\"\n\n\"My Country 'tis of Thee,\" was then sung, after which Secretary\nRyder's paper was referred to the Executive Committee of the Association\nwith reference to publication.\n\nPresident Taylor resumed the chair at this point and introduced Rev.\nH.M. Tenney, D.D., who read the report of the committee on Secretary\nA.F. Beard's paper. The report was accepted and referred to the\nExecutive Committee.\n\nAn address on the Church Work was made by Rev. C.W. Hiatt, District\nSecretary of the Association, and was followed by several brief\naddresses on the Mountain Work.\n\nThe report and an address was then made by Rev. Graham Taylor, D.D. The\nreport was accepted and its recommendations adopted.\n\nAfter announcements, Dr. Noble was instructed to reply to Dr. Arthur\nLittle, of Massachusetts, in response to his telegram of greeting. After\nthe benediction by President Taylor, recess was taken until 2 o'clock\nP.M.\n\n\nTHURSDAY AFTERNOON.\n\nThe Association was called to order by Vice-President Dr. F.A. Noble. A\nverse of the hymn, \"In the cross of Christ I glory,\" was sung. F.J.\nLamb, Esq., read the report of the Committee on Finance, supplementing\nthe report with a brief address. The report was accepted.\n\nThe report on Secretary Strieby's paper was presented by Prof. G.B.\nWillcox, D.D. The report was accepted and referred to the Executive\nCommittee.\n\nFollowing this, Secretary Strieby made a statement respecting the Hand\nFund. Dr. E.P. Goodwin, President Salisbury and President W.M. Taylor\nspoke on the Financial Report, and the report was adopted.\n\nThe Association then adjourned to the chapel, and the church was\noccupied by the Woman's Missionary Meeting under the auspices of the\nWoman's Bureau of the Association. Mrs. George M. Lane, of Detroit,\nMichigan, presided. The report was made by the Secretary, Miss D.E.\nEmerson, after which addresses were made by the missionaries: On the\nmountain work, by Miss Hayes, of Tennessee; on the colored people, by\nMrs. Shaw, of Georgia, and Miss Plant, of Mississippi; and on the\nIndians, by Miss Barnaby, a native teacher.\n\nThe Nominating Committee reported the following list of officers for the\nensuing year:\n\n\n_President_,\n\n  REV. WM. M. TAYLOR, D.D., LL.D., N.Y.\n\n\n_Vice-Presidents_,\n\n  REV. A.J.F. BEHRENDS, D.D., N.Y.\n  REV. F.A. NOBLE, D.D., Ill.\n  REV. ALEX. McKENZIE, D.D., Mass.\n  REV. D.O. MEARS, D.D., Mass\n  REV. HENRY HOPKINS, D.D., Mo.\n\n\n_Corresponding Secretaries_,\n\n  REV. M.E. STRIEBY, D.D., 56 Reade Street, N.Y.\n  REV. A.F. BEARD, D.D., 56 Reade Street, N.Y.\n\n\n_Recording Secretary_,\n\n  REV. M.E. STRIEBY, D.D., 56 Reade Street, N.Y.\n\n\n_Treasurer_,\n\n  H.W. HUBBARD, Esq., 56 Reade Street, N.Y.\n\n\n_Auditors_,\n\n  PETER McCARTEE,\n  CHAS. P. PEIRCE.\n\n\n_Executive Committee_,\n\n  _For Three Years._\n\n  S.B. HALLIDAY,\n  SAMUEL HOLMES,\n  SAMUEL S. MARPLES,\n  CHARLES L. MEAD,\n  ELBERT B. MONROE.\n\n  _For One Year._--ALBERT J. LYMAN.\n\nA ballot was taken and the brethren named were elected. After the\nbenediction by the President, recess was taken until 7:30 P.M.\n\n\nTHURSDAY EVENING.\n\nThe Association was called to order by President Taylor. \"Stand up,\nstand up for Jesus,\" was sung, after which Rev. Simeon Gilbert, D.D.,\nled in prayer.\n\nThe records of the previous sessions of the day were read and approved,\nand the Secretary was instructed to complete the minutes.\n\nThe invitation to hold the next Annual Meeting in Northampton,\nMassachusetts, was accepted.\n\nPresident George A. Gates, of Iowa College, addressed the Association,\nand was followed by an address by President Cyrus Northrop, D.D., of\nMinnesota, and also by President E.D. Eaton, D.D., of Wisconsin.\n\nThe closing address of the Association was made by President Taylor.\n\nThe following minute read by Secretary Roy was then adopted:\n\n     When, just eighteen years ago, this city was smoldering in the\n     ruins of the great fire, which had consumed the holy and\n     beautiful house of this New England Church and the homes of\n     every family in it, the pastor, searching among the ashes\n     within these walls for some memento, found a charred leaf of\n     the pulpit hymn-book on which he was able to decipher these\n     words:\n\n         \"Daughter of Zion, awake from the dust,\n         Exalt thy fallen head:\n         Rebuild thy walls, thy bounds enlarge,\n         And send thy heralds forth.\"\n\n     That hymn was sung at the first service in the rough board\n     tabernacle erected upon this spot.\n\n     We give thanks to God this day for the faith and courage by\n     which this people did awake from the dust and rebuild these\n     walls, and by which they have gone on building up their\n     spiritual temple and participating largely in the whole round\n     of service for extending the Redeemer's kingdom, a part of\n     which has been the inviting and the welcoming of this\n     missionary convocation to their sanctuary and to their homes,\n     and for which, to them, along with all others in the sister\n     churches who have joined them on this occasion in exercising\n     this grace of hospitality, we express our heartiest thanks.\n\n     We here call to mind with grateful emotion one of the manliest\n     of men, one of the truest disciples of Christ, Dea. C.G.\n     Hammond, who counted it an honor to have ministered at this\n     altar from the day of its setting up to the day of his\n     translation, and who for many years had served as one of the\n     Vice-Presidents of this Association, and had been giving\n     largely of his substance to its treasury.\n\n     At this closing hour, we are also thankfully reminded that the\n     First Congregational Church of this city was ready thirty years\n     ago to entertain this Association in the days of its weakness\n     and of its cross-bearing witness for Christ and for his lowly\n     poor: and likewise, ten years ago, to open its doors to receive\n     the same body then brought along by the providence of God to a\n     position of honor and extended usefulness.\n\n     And so we gratefully name the Union Park Church, which is now\n     lending us its pastor as one of our Vice-Presidents, and which,\n     with the other two churches mentioned, has furnished us with\n     the three grand annual sermons of Drs. Goodwin, Noble, and\n     Little, and the Plymouth Church, which, from the day of its\n     organization, with its testimony and its offerings, has stood\n     by this Association, and all the other churches of this\n     vicinage, grown now to be such a comely sisterhood, which have\n     shared with these others in the support of our work.\n\n     To the four great railway passenger associations, which have\n     extended to us their courtesies; to the city press, which has\n     so immensely broadened the influence of this missionary\n     convocation; to the gentlemen who, at no small sacrifice of\n     time and labor, have honored this occasion by their addresses,\n     reports, and clerical service; and to our honored and beloved\n     President, who has guided our deliberations with such skill and\n     grace, we express our obligations of thanks.\n\nRev. Norman Seaver, D.D., responded for the New England Church. He said\nthere was a saying that lightning never struck the same place twice,\nyet, though it fell to him to welcome the Association, it had also\nfallen to him to respond to this vote of thanks. He had asked Secretary\nBeard what he would say on this occasion, and was answered, in his witty\nway, \"Tell us Godspeed, and we are glad to get rid of you.\" Dr. Seaver\nfelt that the local people were the recipients, and the visitors the\nbenefactors in what had been done. The President had inspired them with\nhis spirit; he had not withdrawn his presence, and very late might he\nreturn to the heavens. Students and young ministers had been benefited\nby listening to those many learned men and devoted servants of God, and\nwere inspired for future usefulness. \"We are not the benefactors, we are\nthe recipients, and we wish you Godspeed.\"\n\nAfter having sung the doxology, with the benediction by President\nTaylor, the Association adjourned, to meet at Northampton,\nMassachusetts, for its next Annual Meeting.\n\n\n  J.C. ARMSTRONG, }\n                  } _Secretaries._\n  E.S. WILLIAMS,  }\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSUMMARY OF TREASURER'S REPORT.\n\n\nEXPENDITURES.\n\n\nTHE SOUTH.\n\nFor Church and Educational Work, Land,\n  Buildings, etc.                         $255,083.84\n\n\nTHE CHINESE.\n\nFor Superintendent, Teachers,\n  Rent, etc.                                11,070.75\n\n\nTHE INDIANS.\n\nFor Church and Educational Work,\n  Buildings, etc.                           51,781.00\n\n\nFOREIGN MISSIONS.\n\nFor Superintendent, Missionaries, etc.,\n  for Missions in Africa, income paid\n  to the A.B.C.F.M.                          4,754.22\n\nFor Support of Aged Missionary,\n  Jamaica, W.I.                                250.00\n\n\nPUBLICATIONS.\n\nFor American Missionary, (23,200 monthly),\n  Annual Reports, Clerk-hire,\n  Postage, etc.                              7,230.31\n\n\nAGENCIES.\n\nNEW YORK.--Woman's Bureau, Secretary,\n  Traveling Expenses, Circulars, etc.        1,361.74\n\nFOR EASTERN DISTRICT.--District Secretary,\n  Clerk-hire, Traveling Expenses, Printing,\n  Rent, Postage, Stationery, etc.            4,589.59\n\nFOR WESTERN MIDDLE DISTRICT.--District\n  Secretary, Traveling Expenses, Printing,\n  Rent, Postage, Stationery, etc.            1,246.33\n\nFOB WESTERN DISTRICT.--District Secretary,\n  Agents, Clerk-hire, Traveling\n  Expenses, etc.                             6,196.97\n\n\nADMINISTRATION.\n\nFor Corresponding Secretaries, Treasurer,\n  and Clerk-hire                            12,505.00\n\n\nMISCELLANEOUS.\n\nFor Rent, Care of Rooms, Furniture,\n  Repairs, Fuel and Light, Books and\n  Stationery, Rent of Safe Deposit Boxes,\n  Clerk-hire, Postage, Traveling Expenses,\n  Expressage, Telegrams, etc.                5,541.43\n\nAnnual Meeting                                 577.05\n\nWills and Estates                            3,385.07\n\nAnnuity Account                                407.93\n\nAmounts refunded, sent to Treasurer\n  by mistake                                   122.77\n\n                                          -----------\n\n                                          $366,104.00\n\nDebt Sept. 30, 1888                          5,641.21\n\n                                          -----------\n\n                                           371,745.21\n\nBalance on hand September 30, 1889           4,471.67\n\n                                          -----------   $376,216.88\n\n                                                         ==========\n\n\nRECEIPTS.\n\nFrom Churches, Sabbath Schools, Missionary\n  Societies and Individuals               $189,299.57\n\nEstates and Legacies                       114,020.41\n\nIncome, Sundry Funds                        10,947.26\n\nTuition and Public Funds                    34,126.69\n\nRent                                           506.36\n\nUnited States Government, for Education\n  of Indians                                16,408.85\n\nSlater Fund, paid to Institutions            8,899.99\n\nSale of Property                             2,007.75\n\n                                           ----------   $376,216.88\n\n                                                         ==========\n\n\nDANIEL HAND FUND, INCOME ACCOUNT.\n\nIncome received to September 30, 1889                    $36,999.71\n\nAmount expended                            $20,311.15\n\nBalance in hand and appropriated            16,688.56\n\n                                           ----------     36,999.71\n\n                                                         ==========\n\n\nRECEIPTS FOR THE WORK OF THE YEAR 1888-89.\n\nFor Current Work                          $376,216.88\n\nIncome from Daniel Hand Fund                36,999.71\n\nTotal                                     -----------   $413,216.59\n\n\nENDOWMENT FUNDS RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR 1888-89.\n\nThe Daniel Hand Fund for the Education\n  of Colored People, Securities\n  received, face value                  $1,000,894.25\n\nFoltz Endowment Fund, Estate of Rev.\n  Benjamin Foltz. (Balance)                    500.00\n\n                                        ------------- $1,001,394.25\n\n\n  H.W. HUBBARD, Treasurer,\n  56 Reade Street, New York.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION--ITS PLACE AND WORK.\n\nBY SECRETARY M.E. STRIEBY.\n\nWe commemorate the forty-third anniversary of the American Missionary\nAssociation. During these years, its place and work have become somewhat\ndefinitely settled, and I take this occasion to set forth the position\nthat it now holds in relation to its constituents, its sister societies,\nand the great work providentially thrown upon it.\n\n1. The Association recognizes the control of its constituents. That\nrecognition was one of the corner-stones on which it was founded. It\nsought its members and its funds from persons of evangelical faith and\npractical morality. Of such, it offered membership to any one who\ncontributed to its funds. Thus broadly was it placed on a popular basis.\n\nAt length, however, it began to be felt by many of its supporters that\nthere were evils in this method--that the acts of the society were\nliable to be regulated by the local attendance at each annual meeting,\nand that such meetings might easily be \"packed\" to carry out a purpose.\nThe officers of the Association, true to the cardinal principles of its\nfounders of control by its constituents, welcomed the discussion and\ncheerfully accepted the present constitution, which was adopted after\ndue deliberation. That constitution designates as voters, life members\nand delegates from the churches, local conferences and state\nassociations. The Executive Committee believe that we have now reached a\nsatisfactory basis, but if it shall be the will of the constituents to\nmake further modifications hereafter, the fundamental principle of the\nAssociation will dictate a ready acceptance of any change that will not\nset aside the evangelical, missionary, and philanthropic basis on which\nthe Association was founded, and that will not impair contracts or\nendanger invested funds. The Association belongs, under Christ, to its\nconstituents.\n\n2. The work of the Association embraces all forms of effort in both the\nchurch and the school. It was organized and chartered as a _missionary_\nsociety. This was its fundamental aim. It was not till 1869,\ntwenty-three years after its organization, that the word \"educational\"\nwas put into its charter. But this change did not alter the character\nof its work--_the school is missionary, the church an educator_--and\nthis church and school work are inseparably blended. The people among\nwhom it labors are children in knowledge, and will remain so for a long\ntime, for there are millions of blacks, mountain whites, Indians, and\nChinese in our country who cannot read and write. In Northern\ncommunities where the children grow up in Christian homes and are\nenvironed in cultured society, with the best of common schools, the\nchurch finds the material for its membership, so far forth, prepared to\nits hand, but among these millions of unlettered peoples the church, if\nit is to be pure and intelligent, must be the outgrowth of the Christian\nschool; and the branches of the tree might as well be expected to grow\nup without the roots, as such churches without these schools. The work\namong them begins in the primary school, and follows them through all\ndepartments of industrial, normal, collegiate and theological\ninstruction.\n\nIn all this long process the teachers are with them at every step--in\nthe shop, the school, the Sunday-school, the prayer meeting, and the\nchurch, and often the principal of the school is the pastor of the\nchurch. Thus the church, which grows up within or along side of the\nschool, gets the priceless boon of the personal example and influence of\nthese Christian teachers, in refining the manners and in making\ncharacter; and as the pupils are converted they enter the church to\nbecome its stable members and intelligent officers. On the other hand,\nthe families in the church, with their kindred and friends, furnish the\npupils for the school and help to sustain it by their money and prayers,\nboth the church and the school being stronger by their mutual support\nand more potent in their influence in the community than if they stood\napart. And even after the scholars have left the school and have entered\nupon the business of life, the Association is especially fitted to\ngather them into churches. It has occurred in several instances, in\nstarting new churches beyond the range of our schools, that we have\nfound them to be made up first almost wholly of graduates and students\nfrom our different institutions, and that these have remained the most\nintelligent and reliable members.\n\nWe have found, too, that when a church was thus organized where we have\nno school, we are very soon importuned to start one. In localities with\na scattered population there might not be sufficient public funds to\nopen a colored public school; in many more places they would sustain the\nschool for only two months in the year, and in larger towns it sometimes\nhas happened that these public schools were of such a character that the\nparents begged for a Christian school as a means of saving the moral\npurity of their children. Thus, in every way, and under all\ncircumstances, the school and the church need and help each other. And\nwhat is true of the colored people is equally true of the whites in the\nmountains and elsewhere, among whom the Association is working so\nauspiciously, planting its schools and churches in mutual helpfulness.\n\nThe suggestion that all the church work of the denomination in the\nhome-field be given to one society, and all the educational be\nconcentrated in one other society, deserves thoughtful consideration,\nfor it meets with this very serious objection, that it provides for but\none collection for work that now receives two or three. The experience\nof our churches is conclusive against the hope that one enlarged\ncollection would be given to the one society. For a time, a brief time,\nspasmodic efforts might, as in former cases, result in some special\ncontributions, but the new experiment would certainly be more\ndisastrous, if it should fail, than those already tried, because it\nwould involve far greater interests.\n\nIt is not to be supposed for a moment that such consolidation is\ncontemplated in order that the churches may escape the large\nresponsibility now resting upon them; and if economy and efficiency are\nthe only objects sought, we fear the result would be disappointing. Such\nan arrangement would not save in the number of workers in the field, and\nsurely it is not wise business management to leave great interests\ninadequately supervised. Even if the consolidated society were divided\ninto separate departments or bureaux, the supervision could not be less,\nif efficient, while the combination would be likely to lead to\ncomplications, and would weaken, in the several departments, the sense\nof individual responsibility and take away the impulse of historic life\nand achievement.\n\nMore work well managed and vigorously pushed seems to me to be the only\nplan that will satisfy the Christian conscience or meet the approval of\nthe Master.\n\n3. The work of the Association extends to all races of men. This claim\nis sanctioned by the fraternal agreement existing between it and the\nAmerican Home Missionary Society, by its own history, and by the needs\nof the field. The agreement with the sister society says explicitly that\nthe Association is \"to pursue its educational and church work in the\nSouth among _both races_.\" The history of the Association shows that at\nthe beginning the populations reached by it in America were _all white_\nexcept the Indians and a few colored refugees in Canada.\n\nIts home missions at the North and West were among white people: and so\nwere they even in the South before the war. John G. Fee and his heroic\nassociates in Kentucky, and Daniel Worth and others in North Carolina,\nfounded churches and schools only among the whites. Berea College was\nfor whites only, at the outset. It was not till the era of emancipation\nwith its overwhelming flood of freedmen that the Association turned its\ndirect and almost exclusive attention to them. It heard the voice of God\nin the tramp of these millions marching out of bondage into freedom, and\nin that voice it heard the call to itself, providentially prepared for\nthe new era. It answered the call, without, however, abandoning its\nmission to preach the gospel to the whites also; and now, with its\nschools and churches well established throughout the South, with an open\ndoor to the whites, and especially to those in the mountain regions, it\nhears the voice of God calling it thither. The ready adaptation of its\nmethods to these people, and the success of its efforts among them,\nattest the validity of its call and the wisdom of its response.\n\n4. The work of the Association is not a transient one. A New England\npastor at the beginning of our work for the freedmen, gave me a hearty\nwelcome to present our cause in his pulpit, telling me frankly he did so\nthe more cheerfully because he thought our work would soon be over--say\nin twenty or twenty-five years. Now that good man believed that home\nmissions in the West, and in some of the older Eastern States, would be\nneeded well nigh on to the millennium, yet he imagined that the blacks,\njust escaped from bondage, utterly poor, ignorant and degraded, would\n(perhaps he hardly stopped to think how) rise in twenty-five years above\nall need of help from any quarter in their upward struggle! But the\nfallacy of such a supposition is realized more since these twenty-five\nyears have passed than it was then. It is now clearly seen that these\nex-slaves will require for three or four generations the most abundant\nhelp to bring them up to the level of those Western settlers, including\nthe Swedes, Germans and Norwegians crowding in thither, who are\ncomparatively well-off and intelligent. And then, after that preparation\nof the Negro has been made, the regular work of home missions will only\nbe fairly begun among them. The work for this people, therefore, is not\ntransient, and the missionary society that has it in hand has before it\nnot only a great but long-continued task.\n\nAnd for that great work the Association has had a manifest call and\npreparation, and has gained an experience and an influence of peculiar\nvalue in its further prosecution. The Association has wrought itself\ninto the schools and churches, into the industries of the colored\npeople, the improvement of their homes, the preparation of their sons\nand daughters for home and business life, and for teachers and preachers\nand physicians; it has wrought itself into their better aspirations for\nboth this world and that which is to come. It has won upon the\nconfidence and respect of the white people by its unselfish and\nChristian work, its kind but firm adherence to principle, and by the\nblessing it has conferred upon both races in aiding the South in the\nonly true solution of its great problem.\n\nThe Association has become anchored to this great work by the large\namount of invested funds intrusted to its care. It has received\nthousands of dollars from the Freedmen's Bureau, from the Avery estate,\nfrom the gifts of Mrs. Stone and others, and added to all these is the\nlarge sum placed one year ago in its hands by the munificence of Mr.\nHand. These several sums aggregate more than two millions of dollars--an\namount of endowment, we believe, without a parallel among our\nCongregational societies for the home field. While no inconsiderable\nshare of these funds is in plant, and therefore increases instead of\ndiminishes current expenses, yet the Association is the only legal\ncustodian of these funds. They constitute, therefore, a strong evidence\nof the confidence of large donors in its usefulness and stability and in\nthe importance of its work, and at the same time they make a strong plea\nfor current contributions to sustain that work. God has moved the hearts\nof noble men and women to lay these firm foundations. Will not others\nequally able and far-seeing in their benevolence add to these gifts and\nthus extend these foundations, and will not the churches build thereon\nwith diligent and cheerful hands?\n\nThese forty-three years under review have been memorable in the history\nof this Nation. They have witnessed the reign of slavery in the height\nof its arrogant domination. They have seen the rising protest of\nconscience and religion against that domination, with the mad resistance\nof slavery, until it culminated in one of the bloodiest wars of modern\ntimes. They have beheld a united Nation emerge from the conflict, and\nnot a slave in all its broad land. They have seen the uplifted hands and\nhearts of the freedmen grasping for knowledge. And, last of all, they\nbehold the new power seated on the throne vacated by slavery, dooming\nthe colored man to a position of inferiority scarcely less degrading\nthan slavery itself.\n\nAlong all these lines the sympathies and efforts of the Association have\nrun. It pleaded for the slave in his bondage, when to do so cost odium\nand ostracism; it joined with others in the appeal against slavery, with\nthe hope that righteousness would avert the calamity of war. When the\nslave came forth free, it went with prompt hands to fit him for his new\nposition, and now, as he enters the long and dark struggle against\npoverty, ignorance and race-prejudice, it girds itself for the great\nstruggle, armed with what have ever been its only weapons, the light of\nknowledge and the love of the gospel of Christ. The contest may be long,\nthe work will be great, but the triumph must be sure. May the church of\nChrist, the patriots of the land, and the abundant blessing of the\nAlmighty God strengthen and help us in this great undertaking!\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE MISSIONARY VIEW OF THE SOUTHERN SITUATION.\n\nBY SECRETARY A.F. BEARD.\n\nThe Southern problem is a National peril. Problems are not always\nperils. This is a problem large with political and religious perils, and\nwhether political or religious it can not be ignored, nor can its\nconsideration be postponed. It is here. It is our problem. It is nearer\nto the South, and more immediate, than to the North, but it is ours. We\nare not foreigners in any part of this country. It has been settled once\nfor all that we are to be fellow citizens in a common country when we\ncome from Boston to Chicago and when we go from New York to New Orleans.\nThe problem which belongs to a country to which we belong, is ours. This\nmight as well be understood. We have no right to take our hands off from\nthat of which we are a part and which is a part of us. No part can say\nto another, it is not your concern.\n\nThis is true politically. Thrice true is it religiously--Christian faith\nis not confined to State boundaries. It belongs everywhere. The problem\nis not a new one. It has its roots bedded deep in history. When years\nago it began to be discussed by a few they were called agitators, as if\nthe discussion of right and wrong were itself a wrong, as if the letting\nin of light upon the darkness were a deed of darkness. Nevertheless, the\nNation became thoughtful over the question of the rights of man. While\nit was musing the fire burned, and an irrepressible conflict came. In\nthe issue it was settled that no man should be held by another man in\ninvoluntary servitude in this common and inseparable country.\n\nA quarter of a century has elapsed since this settlement of a problem\nwhich involved the destiny of two races, and of our whole country. The\nquestion now before the Nation and before the churches is a corollary\nof slavery. It is the second section of the first chapter. The first\nquestion was: How shall liberty be proclaimed to the captive and the\nenslaved become free? The second is: Being free, how can the two\nraces--as distinct and separate as are the white and black races of\nthe South--now equal before the law, live side by side under the same\ngovernment, and live in Christian truth and peace? This is the\nproblem, and, like the first, it is irrepressible.\n\nIn one sense it is a new question--that is, a new generation of white\npeople has in part come forward to participate in the duties of\ncitizenship, since all men became men in the law of the land. To them\nthe question is practically new. The situation as they find it, is this:\nThe Negroes, who, twenty years ago, were four millions, are now eight\nmillions. The increase of the blacks above the increase of the whites in\nthe period of twenty years, is fourteen per cent. In his work on the\nAfrican in the United States, Professor Gilliam, having in hand the\nfigures of our Census Bureau, forecasts with the demonstration of\nmathematics our population one century hence. We do not know what may\nmodify his figures, but he computes that at the present rate of increase\nthere are to be in the old slave States in one hundred years,\nninety-five millions of whites and double this number of African\ndescent. Therefore, whatever may modify, it is probable that before one\nhalf an hundred years are over, the numbers of the blacks will furnish\nthem sufficient guarantee for their legal rights.\n\nThere are those in this presence who have seen the population of this\nrepublic multiply itself nearly three times. Our childhood's geography\ntaught us that twenty-three millions of people lived in the United\nStates. Now our children learn that there are sixty millions. Twenty\nyears ago four millions of Negroes and eight millions to-day. Therefore,\nas large as the problem now is to us, it will be greater for our\nchildren if we err in our solution of it.\n\nThis race of African descent has been declared by constitutional\nenactment to be entitled to whatever privileges belong to man, as man.\nStanding on this, and beginning with nothing but the heredity of\nhindrances, with the brand of color and the prejudice of race against\nthem, this people have climbed up from their low estate with a\nremarkable progress. They have applied themselves to take hold of\nknowledge as no other people ever did in the annals of history. They\nhave made great inroads upon their previous illiteracy. They have\nrapidly acquired property. They have developed industrial skill, and\nestablished the evidences of business facility. They have shown\nthemselves capable of good citizenship, both in the understanding of its\nduties and the practice of them. They have vindicated the act of\nemancipation and the decrees of citizenship.\n\nYet to-day their standing both as citizens and as Christians is opposed.\nThe question of their rights is discussed as if it were an open one, and\nin the South it is coming to be increasingly denied. Under the plea that\nit is unsafe for the black man to exercise his civil rights, there\narises a condition of affairs that can have no standing under our\ngovernment except a revolutionary standing. And the question whether the\nrights of man as man shall be regarded, is to-day a more pressing\nquestion than it has been at any previous time since the slaves were\ndeclared to be men.\n\nThe Southern press, which both creates and voices public opinion,\nreveals an attitude of mind increasingly hostile to the equal civil\nrights of the black man, for the simple reason that he is not white,\nwhich is calculated to fill the friends of American institutions with\ngravest apprehensions, and which demands the serious attention of us\nall. Almost every week discloses to us the fact that intimidation,\noppression and violence do override the government of the land, in its\napplication to the Negro people. Influential Southern journals have\npronounced the Fifteenth Amendment a living threat to the civilization\nof the South, and declare that Christian statesmanship demands its\nabrogation.\n\nA thoughtful book published in New York, written in a calm and judicial\ntone by an able lawyer in Virginia, in its chapter upon the future of\nthe Negro, says: \"The social aspect of the Negro suffrage is certain to\n_grow more_ threatening as the blacks increase. The motives which have\nled the great body of whites to vote together in this age, must augment\nin force in the age to follow. To day the rapid increase of the black\npopulation constitutes a greater danger to the stability of our\ngovernment than any that is sapping the vitality of the European\nmonarchies. The partial disfranchisement of the Negro in the future\nwould appear to be inevitable, essential, if not to the existence of the\nSouth, then to the prosperity of the Union.\" This is a temperate\nexpression of much Southern opinion.\n\nNot a few hold the view that the education and advancement of the Negro\ntends to create the race problem, and do not hesitate to say that if the\nNegroes could only be kept as laborers in the cotton and rice and sugar\nfields, in the furnaces and mines of the South, aspiring to nothing\nhigher and not antagonizing the whites in political matters, there would\nbe no race problem.\n\nSix months ago we could quote from an editorial column written by an\nex-Confederate officer for an influential Democratic paper in the South\nthese words: \"The duty of the white people of the South is plain. In the\nspirit of _noblesse oblige_ we must sympathize with those who are\nfitting the colored people for the duties of life, remembering what the\nNegroes were to our forefathers and what our forefathers were to them.\nNo one can doubt that a Negro has a soul to save. That admitted, he is\nas much entitled to the benefits of salvation as the white man. But\", he\nadds, \"what do we see? Nearly all the bodies of Christians even, except\nthe Roman Catholics, shuffling to set the Negro apart and leave him\nlargely to his own ways, shuffling out of their responsibility according\nto the gospel which they profess as their guide, and putting the Negro\napart in spite of the word of God, whom they worship, that he is no\nrespecter of persons. The Negro was brought over here by theft and\noutrage. He is here to stay, and we must deal with him according to the\ngolden rule, and as we would wish to be done by if we were similarly\nplaced.\"\n\nThis is not a quotation from the National Council of Congregational\nChurches, where such an utterance would both by nature and by grace find\nexpression, but it is from the pen of an officer of the Southern\nConfederacy, who knows the light when he sees it, who keeps open an\nhonest eye, and who does not hesitate to speak from an honest mind. This\nsentiment balances somewhat of that which pleads against the black man,\nand not a few friends of this kind has the American Missionary\nAssociation won to itself throughout the South. It never had so many who\nare saying: \"Yours is the most practical missionary work ever undertaken\nby a Christian body.\" \"You have won our confidence by your spirit and\nyour methods; you have our cordial sympathy.\" At the same time we\nrecognize the fact that both prejudice and partisanship are now making\nstrenuous efforts to create the judgment that the Negro should be\nstripped of his civil rights and that his education is going on too\nrapidly. For example, the _Southern Journal_, whose Christian sentiments\nof six months ago, just quoted, with another editor to-day, comes to us\nwith another deliverance, probably nearer to the heart of most of its\nconstituency, saying: \"The Negro is not a fit subject for Northern\nmissionary effort. Northern money is not wanted to build him schools,\nand Northern teachers and preachers are not wanted to improve his mind\nnor to save his soul. He should be let alone. He is out in the water:\nlet him swim. He should be left alone to work out his own salvation.\"\nThe editor who says we must save him is an ex-Confederate officer who\nhas always lived in the South. The editor who says he should be left\nalone is a Northern man who has gone South to live. The first writes,\n_noblesse oblige_. The second does not understand the language. He,\ndoubtless, has the largest constituency.\n\nThe pulpit also creates and voices public opinion. Our work is coming to\nget many a good word from the Southern pulpit. But a Southern white\nbishop--Bishop Pearce--did not write to unwilling ears when he said: \"In\nmy judgment higher education would be a calamity to the Negroes. It\nwould elevate Negro aspirations far above the station which the Negro\nwas created to fill. The whites can never tamely, and without protest\nsubmit to the intrusion of colored people into places of trust, profit,\nand responsibility.\" This, you will observe, is from a minister of\nChrist. It is from a bishop of a church. It is from one who prays our\nLord's prayer, given alike to white and black. \"After this manner,\ntherefore, pray ye.\" \"Our Father.\" This is from one who believes in the\nbaptism at Pentecost, when devout men from every nation under heaven\nreceived the impartial benedictions of God. This from one who read the\nstory of Peter and the sheet. \"Alas, my brother.\"\n\nAll this, then, is the atmosphere of the situation. Some prophetic souls\nare looking out upon a most perplexing and perilous problem with\nprofound solicitude, and extending to us their sympathy and prayers for\nour work. More, many more, are teaching and preaching that God has\ncreated the Negro race to fill forever a place of inferiority, and that\nhe must stay down in the bog or in some way be destroyed. It is not\nsurprising, therefore, that ignorant white people should give form and\nsubstance to these hostile opinions in scenes of violence and cruelty.\nThey believe in the inherent inferiority of the blacks, and have a\nmighty fear lest this doctrine should prove to be untrue. The Negro,\ntwenty-five years ago in absolute poverty and illiteracy, has been\ngreedy for education, and has seriously thought of nothing but to rise\nfrom his low condition.\n\nThe intelligent white man now, and to his great surprise, is all at once\nconfronted by the intelligent black man. They are not so numerous now as\nto be an element to fear, but the whites are foreseeing the not distant\nday when they can not be relegated to inferiority because of their\ncolor. The calamity that Bishop Pearce deplores and would prevent is not\nfar away--educated Negroes with aspirations, in other words, men.\n\nThe general Negro illiteracy is gaining fast upon the white ignorance,\nand the despised Negro is found to be living above many of his\nilliterate white neighbors. This makes it easy work for designing men to\nsharpen race prejudices, which by force and fear shall keep the Negro\ndown.\n\nOn the Negro side, he has been patient and forbearing. With these\noutbreaks of persecution some are discouraged, and are ready to\nsurrender their manhood. On the other hand, some are no longer patient,\nbut are enraged. They would retaliate. They feel that defense against\nwrongs is right. An influential Negro paper says, \"EDUCATE, AGITATE,\nRETALIATE. Does one strike me? With the power of God on high, back also\nwill I strike him.\" This feeling grows. Add to it the fact that the\nNegro is developing the power of organization. There are leaders. They\nare in their councils and conventions. They are feeling deeply, speaking\nplainly, and organizing efficiently.\n\nThis is the situation! \"How shall this problem be solved? How shall we\nprevent the conflict between races?\" A Southern author says: \"These\nproblems have been solved in the past in four ways. By reducing the\nweaker race to slavery, or by expulsion, or by extermination, or by the\namalgamation of the races. Slavery is out of the question--that is\nsettled. Equally repugnant is expulsion or extermination. Amalgamation\nis abhorrent.\" Therefore, the problem will not be solved by any\nhistorical precedents. The two races must live here in the same\nsections, equal before the law, with mutual rights, and all rights must\nbe sanctioned and confirmed.\n\nThe American Missionary Association is living with this problem day by\nday. It is trying to see it with the look of Christ. This Association\nforesaw this question forty years ago. It took on itself the preparation\nfor it. It guided itself to meet the problem in the fields before the\narmies in the South were disbanded. It went with its distinctive and\nunpopular principles. It went in the patience and love of Christ. For\nthe most part it met a natural and unconcealed hostility. It did not\nretaliate even in spirit, but it stood firm in spirit and in truth. It\nhas lived on in the South, and taught the same ever-living and\neverlasting gospel for all men, of whatever race or color. Its record is\nbefore the churches. They have never had reason to feel other than\ngrateful to God for its work. Beginning with a great number of little\nprimary schools, and with thousands of beginners in the alphabet of\nlearning, it has gradually passed into larger and more far-reaching\ninfluences by teaching teachers and preachers, who shall go, and who do\ngo out and reach multiplied thousands.\n\nIn order that applied Christianity may have the power of self-help and\nself-care, industries are introduced. In that the people are being\nfitted to save themselves. All of our work from first to last is\nmissionary, and instinct with the motive of salvation; our schools are\nmeans to an end; fitting preachers, teachers, mechanics, home makers to\nmeet the problem and the peril. It is not by education that the question\nis to be solved. The missionary view is not simply the educational view.\nThis society is not an educational society. Education is not the panacea\nfor the ills of man. Ignorance is a great evil, but it is not the worst\none; sinfulness is worse and more difficult to cure. The one who is\neducated may make trouble and not heal it; secular education can not\nmeet the problem; State education can not protect against the peril, but\nsanctified education can, for it has in it the power of God. This\nsociety is a missionary society which, like the American Board, teaches\nin order to save. You can scarcely save ignorance. This means Christian\nschools not only full of ethics, but vital with faith. It means also the\ntwin life of school work and church work. To put these factors apart\nwould be a great disaster to each; nay, it would put away from the only\nsociety that can effectively, and we believe effectually, meet this\nproblem, the chief factor in the solution of the impending and serious\nquestion. Education alone is not equal to this question, and those who\nhave won the ear and the sympathy of those who need to come under the\npower of the gospel, who have been their friends and teachers, who have\ntheir confidence and trust, are the ones to take this gospel to them and\nshow them how to take it to others. The schools reach parents, the\nschools reach pastors, the schools reach the people, the schools are\nintertwined with all the church life that has any hope in it. This is\nthe missionary view. When this people in the wilderness cried out in\ntheir distresses, \"Who will speak for us?\" the Association spoke for\nthem. When they needed sympathy, sympathy it gave. When they needed\ninstruction, it went to them in the name of Christ. In his name it stood\nfor the Negro. In his name it stood by the Negro. In his name it stood\nwith him. It stands there to-day. It is his friend and counselor. When\nthe Negro is cast down, the churches will hear one voice and they will\nwish their own society to be found faithful in this.\n\nWith this charter as a missionary society for schools and churches, we\npresent to the Negro race continually the personal hope of souls not\nonly, but the hope of the race. When they think that the progress is\nslow we tell them that Christianity is sure. When they tell us that they\ncan not wait, but must organize and retaliate, we tell them to wait upon\nGod. \"Vengeance is mine, saith the Lord.\" We ask them to remember that a\nquarter of a century, or a century, is a short time in the history of a\npeople. We point to a million--a round million--of Negro children in the\nschools to-day. We are teaching them to be men. We are saving them to be\nChristians. We teach them not to remain down and not to be put down.\nBeing men, they are to stand like men, but like Christian men, to\nconquer prejudices by worthiness, to meet race hatred with only a\nstronger purpose to command respect, not to render evil for evil, but\ncontrariwise, blessing; not blow for blow, but to go on upbuilding\nthemselves, deserving their rights, and remembering that a great element\nin the solution of this problem must be an intelligent faith in God.\nWith this missionary view we stand firm. We have learned that the\nSoutherners of our own race, even when they hold their prejudices\nagainst our principles, respect those who stand in a Christian way for\ntheir principles; and that these principles will never be accepted in\nthe South by our holding them loosely, or in suspense, or in any sort of\nabeyance. They respect us when we teach our people that they have all\nthe rights of manhood and womanhood; that they are to respect themselves\nand to be worthy of self-respect; that they are not to consent in their\nown minds to any assertion of superiority based upon the tint of the\nskin, and that they are never to feel guilty for being black. We are\nteaching the colored people to hold honor with themselves.\n\nWhat this Association and other missionary forces have done and are\ndoing--this Association more than others--will be the balance of power\nto prevent the dreaded conflict of races; _the balance of power_ to\nsettle the question; How can the two races live in the same section with\nmutual respect for each other's civil and Christian rights? This may\ntake time. Christianity takes time. It is ours to take Christianity to\nteach that the beginning of Christianity was the death blow to wrong\nprinciples and evil practices of men, however well intrenched and\nfortified these forces may be.\n\nIt is this which gives us courage to grapple with centuries of wrong and\nto undertake the slow reduction of these evils. When Christianity came,\nthe era of conscience came, and in His gospel is the power of\nintelligence and moral determination that shall not be overcome of evil,\nbut shall overcome evil with good.\n\n     \"Men bound with right are strong:\n     Right bound with right in Christian faith\n     Will conquer a world of wrong.\"\n\nThe missionary schools and the missionary churches are, we believe, the\nonly safeguard against the conflict of races. They are the guardian\nagainst this national peril. This being so, the churches must speed them\nmore and more. They must not hinder them nor tie their hands. The\nguarantees of this peaceful solution are in the hands of the churches.\nMultiply and hasten the Christian energies. Multiply the Christian\nprayers that we may be workers together with Him of whom it is written,\n\"He shall not fail or be discouraged.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPORTS OF COMMITTEES.\n\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPORT ON EDUCATIONAL WORK SOUTH.\n\nBY REV. WM. BURNET WRIGHT, D.D., CHAIRMAN.\n\nIt is an ominous fact that in the South illiteracy is steadily\nincreasing. It is an encouraging fact that in the region surrounding our\nchartered and normal schools illiteracy is steadily diminishing. The\ncolored people are multiplying more rapidly than the means of educating\nthem. If the supply of school accommodations to-day exactly equalled the\ndemand, so that every colored child of suitable age was provided for in\nsome school, there would be at the time of our next annual meeting\n255,500 children asking to be taught their letters to whom we should\nhave to say, We cannot teach you. But the supply does not yet nearly\nequal the demand.\n\nIn respect to education, the South is a dark sky rapidly growing darker,\nbut flecked with patches of lighter shade, which are gradually growing\nbrighter and larger. Such a bright space frames each of our chartered\nand normal schools. Fisk University, Talladega College, Tougaloo\nUniversity, Straight University, in New Orleans, and Tillotson\nInstitute, at Austin, Texas, are doing work which vindicates each year\nmore distinctly the strategic sagacity which located them. In these\ninstitutions alone nearly two thousand students of both sexes are being\ntrained to be light-bearers to their race. Besides these, each of which\nis essentially a normal school, and includes a normal department,\neighteen distinctively normal schools are sustained at different points\nof strategic importance. Two new schools have been established during\nthe year. Good work has also been done among the mountain whites. The\nincome from the gift of Mr. Daniel Hand has enabled the Association to\nenlarge its school accommodations, and to assist more than three hundred\nstudents, who, without it, would have been unable to attend schools of\nany kind.\n\nThe committee would emphasize among special needs of the work, funds for\na girls' hall at Tillotson Institute, and for the endowment of a\ntheological school for training colored pastors. Two facts are\npre-eminently gratifying. The first is that in nearly all the schools of\nthe Association some kind of industrial training is provided, and that\nthe influence of such training is conspicuously shown in improved ideas\nof home life and comfort among those connected by family or other ties\nwith our students. The second fact is, that in all our schools the\nstudents are taught that the fear of the Lord is the beginning of\nwisdom, and that consequently the separation between religion and\nmorality, which is the supreme danger of the Southern black churches, is\nperceptibly diminishing.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPORT ON CHURCH WORK.\n\nBY PROFESSOR GRAHAM TAYLOR, CHAIRMAN.\n\nThe mission of the American Missionary Association is shown to be a\n_specialty_ and a _unit_ by its church work. It is the work of a\nspecialist among Christian organizations that alone could have produced\nthese churches. To meet the demands of an exigency which could not be\nmet by the pre-existent ordinary agencies, this child of Providence was\nborn of God and the times. For the accomplishment of ends for which no\nmeans had been found, its methods were providentially chosen by a\nprocess of spiritual selection. Its agencies are the accretions of the\nDivine purpose in its progress toward the salvation of the undermost,\nand the edifying of the whole body of Christ. To the production of its\nunique Christian institutions the exclusive devotion to the study of the\npeculiar conditions of these entirely distinct communities was\nnecessary. There have been generated by this devotion and acquired\nthrough the experience of nearly half a century a knowledge and skill\nwhich claim for this Association the recognition of the world as its\nforemost expert in the successful application of Christianity to the\nsolution of the most difficult race problems of modern civilization.\n\nAnd yet in the accomplishment of this great achievement, loyalty to the\ncommon faith and to our own polity, as well as to the teachings of\nexperience, demanded only the new application of the old prime factors\nof God's own choice, the _local church_ with its evangelism and\nChristian nurture.\n\nIn the work of this Association these two great agencies are uniquely\none. The pastor is often teacher and evangelist. The sanctuary is\nschool-house and mission station. At twenty-three points on the field\nGod has made of these twain--the church and the school--one. The church\nis the unit of this unity. For while the church is generally the\noffspring of the school, the school finds both its profoundest reasons\nfor existence and its highest consummation in the needs and ends of the\nchurch. In it the work both of the teacher and evangelist co-ordinates\nand culminates.\n\nIt will not be so very long before these schools and colleges will find\ntheir chief sources of supply in these churches, which although now so\ndependent, must ultimately be depended upon to maintain and develop\ntheir own institutions. Even now it is to be remembered that the appeal\nof this evangelizing church work meets with the wider and more popular\nresponse from the giving constituency of the Association, while the\neducational institutions are more dependent upon the larger gifts of\ninterested individuals.\n\nMoreover, it is the church which opens the springs of the family life\nfrom which the schools must draw their scholars. And it is the church\nwhich creates the environment necessary to the Christian homes, to which\nthe graduates are sent back again to live their lives, and from which,\nas the heart's fulcrum, their saved lives can best lift up the lost.\n\nThese little church groups of evangelized and educated families are at\nonce the prime sources and the constituent elements of the new Christian\ncivilization which already heralds the coming of the kingdom to those\nneglected, outcast peoples, to secure whose human rights, Christian\nprivileges and church fellowship is the first, loudest, longest call\nupon the Congregational Churches of America.\n\nTherefore, in the name of this Association, whose heroic type of\nmissionary and teaching service makes our whole membership and ministry\nthe more attractive and ennobling; in the name of its schools which\nbecame churches, and its churches which are schools; in the name of\ntheir 8,400 professing Christians, and their 15,000 Sunday-school\nscholars, and the 1,000 converts of the year; in the name of the races\nof three continents to whom the Father is sending these our brethren as\nwe are sent to them, we pledge the fidelity of the American Missionary\nAssociation to the two-fold agency of its one work, the discipling of\nthese races by the evangelizing church, and the Christian nurture of its\nschools. And we re-echo the call which the National Council makes upon\nour churches for the $500,000 required by the exigencies and\nopportunities of this year's work for the neediest and most helpless of\nall our fellow-countrymen.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPORT ON MOUNTAIN WORK.\n\nBY REV. D.M. FISK, D.D., CHAIRMAN.\n\nThe formal report of your committee can without injustice be brief; not\nbecause the field considered is narrow, or the work unimportant as a\nmissionary movement, but from the fact that a certain unity pervades\nboth, making it possible to comprehend in one view even the diversities\nof a population of over two millions, and an area of above one hundred\nthousand square miles.\n\nThe official summary of the year's work, on which we report, once again\nsets before this Association the situation and its involved problem; a\nsituation full of contradictions, a problem at once serious but not\nhopeless.\n\nHere is the amazing spectacle of a self-isolated people, begirt with the\nactive life and thought of our eager times, yet sharing neither. Here is\nan empire that is content to live in the past: having rich resources it\nneglects to develop them; a productive soil but niggard crops. Amidst a\nveritable Lebanon of forestry it has shanties for homes; with coal\ndeposits that are the envy of the world, its shivering women in\nstoveless hovels attempt to defend themselves about their domestic toil\nwith coarse homespun shawls and slat-bonnets. In an age that has\nharnessed mechanism, beast, and steam to the plow, scythe, sickle and\nflail, these owners of mountains of iron and mines of power still\nindolently vex a grudging soil with tools of such barbaric simplicity\nthat their intrusion is scarcely more than a provocation to weeds.\n\nHere is needless poverty in the lap of potential wealth, thriftlessness\nin the face of every seeming stimulus to diligence. Here is a\ndiversified landscape that should inspire and a climate that should\ninvigorate, but in place of vivacity and health we find apathetic\nendurance and intrenched disease. Scrofula and its parasite kin are\ndomesticated in the debilitated blood, and pills, calomel, and death\njointly contend for the prolific cradle, and even when temporarily\ndefeated succeed in transforming childhood into unlovely age, without\nthe long interval of intermediate active, zestful manhood.\n\nAnd yet, pitiful as is this exhibit of deficiency, these Highland\ndwellers are none the less men and our brethren. Slavery robbed them of\ntheir lands half a century ago, and roughly shouldered them off into the\nmountain wilderness dowered with the pauperizing maxims of oppression,\nnotably the indignity of toil, and their shrewd native mother-wit has\nbeen left to rust to dullard loss in the absence of schools worthy the\nname; worse still, their natural devoutness has been warped by unworthy\nshepherds, till superstition, bigotry, and gross immorality have taken\nfierce possession of many a society, hearthstone and heart. If to-day\nthe schools are inefficient and some of the preaching blasphemous; if\nself-satisfied idleness has turned over this mountain realm to want and\nthe slavery of low living, and (as ever) made woman at once the servant\nand the victim of its barbarism, it is but another historic count in the\nawful indictment of human selfishness. And all these crying deficiencies\nare but make-weights with our conviction of responsibility to this\nmountain flock of God, that often has been misled and unworthily\nsacrificed.\n\nThe only problematical element in this matter is the measure of our\nfaith in God and man and all-prevailing truth. Wherever the ground has\nbeen broken by faithful men there is a crop to show as returns for\ninvested toil. More than a thousand children are now under Christian\ninstruction in our schools. Our pupils are in hungry demand as teachers,\neven to a minimum of years that to us would seem absurd (15 and 16\nyears). Over twenty churches are holding up a reasonable religion, as a\nlife rather than merely a profession. New fields plead for mission work.\nOur already planted churches and schools are stimulating other\ndenominations to redoubled diligence in church planting. Courage is in\nthe tone and look of our frontier workers. The officers of this\nAssociation feel in an aggressive mood. The question resolves itself\ninto one of faith and contributions. What, my brethren, shall be our\nanswer?\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPORT ON INDIAN WORK.\n\nBY REV. ADDISON F. FOSTER, D.D., CHAIRMAN.\n\nThe committee on the work of the American Missionary Association among\nthe Indians respectfully report that they gratefully recognize the good\nhand of God in the work already done.\n\nSince the American Missionary Association took the work, the\nexpenditures have increased from $11,000 to $52,000, the out-stations\nfor direct evangelistic effort from seven to twenty-one, and the\nchurches from two to six. This last year, the Association has\nestablished three new out-stations: the Moody station among the Mandans,\nfifty miles north of Fort Berthold; the Moody Station No. 2 among the\nGros Ventres, twenty-five miles north of Fort Berthold; the Sankey\nStation among the Dakotas at Cherry Creek. It has just put up a mission\nhouse, with a room for church worship, at Rosebud Agency. It has\norganized anew church at Bazille Creek, some distance out from Santee; a\nbranch church at Cherry Creek, on the Sioux Reservation, and is just\nforming a church at Standing Rock, for which a building is now\ncompleted.\n\nThis record is certainly gratifying and shows that the Association\nappreciates the emergency, and is striving to meet it, so far as the\nmeans put in its hands allow. But your committee feel also that never\nbefore was there so great an opportunity as now brought before the\nChristians of this land, and especially our own denomination, for work\namong the Indians.\n\nThe relations of the Government and of the churches in Indian work are\nnow unusually harmonious and kindly. The present Administration is\nthoroughly in sympathy with missionary operations, and will do nothing\nto impair their efficiency. We believe it to be sincerely actuated by a\ndesire to promote the best welfare of the Indians, and ready to\nco-operate with all good people in efforts in this direction. It aims to\neducate every Indian child. We desire to see this done, and believe that\nwhen the Government assumes, as it should, the primary education of all\nIndians of school age, we shall be called on to turn our efforts to a\nmuch larger work for direct evangelization.\n\nOur opportunity is enlarging further by the breaking down of the old\npagan prejudices of the Indians. The testimony of all the workers on the\nfield is to this effect. The Indians are desirous of living as white\nmen. They are rapidly losing their distinctive Indian ideas and are\nimbibing the notions of their white neighbors. This is seen in their\nburials, which now are not uniformly, as of old, on scaffolds, but are\nmore and more interments. It is shown in their feeling and behavior when\ndeath comes into their households. They no longer fill their houses with\nhideous outcries, but instead seek the missionaries to inquire about the\nlife in the other world.\n\nA further opportunity is to be noted in the fact that the Dakota Indians\nhave specially fallen into our care. Our chief missions are located\namong them, at Santee, Rosebud, Oahe, Standing Rock, and outlying\nstations. But the Dakota Indians number 40,000 in all, or about\none-sixth of all the Indians in the country. We have mastered the Dakota\nlanguage; and a Bible, hymn-book, dictionary and other books are printed\nin that tongue. We have, then, special ability to carry on mission work\namong them, and are bound to utilize it to the full. The time is ripe\nfor immediate action. It must be taken without delay if taken at all.\nThe opening up to white settlement of a large strip of land though the\ncenter of the great Sioux reservations is to bring the Indian into\ncontact with the influence of white men as never before. It is\nimpossible that that influence shall be altogether good. The contact of\nthe Indian with the frontiersmen of our own people has resulted most\ndeplorably in the past, and we cannot hope for much better results now.\nRum and licentiousness are sure to work untold harm to the Indian unless\nthey are met by the gospel. This opening up of Indian territory to white\nsettlement lays, therefore, a most imperative and immediate obligation\non Christian people to protect the Indian from ruin by giving them the\ngospel.\n\nWe are satisfied that nothing but the gospel will suffice. Education\nalone can not save, and may simply give new strength to evil habits and\ninfluences. It must be a Christian education; schools should be simply\npreliminary and altogether subsidiary to the most energetic and wise\npresentation of the gospel. The uniform policy of the American\nMissionary Association in all departments of its work has been in this\ndirection, and we gladly recognize the fact that its Indian work has\nsteadily progressed with the idea of evangelizing the Indian.\n\nWe know very well that the Association is laboring for 8,000,000 Negroes\nand for 2,000,000 Mountain White people and for 125,000 Chinese, as well\nas 262,000 Indians. We know that the proportion of the Indians is\ncomparatively small. At the same time we urge that this disproportion is\nto a large degree counterbalanced by the special opportunities we have\nconsidered. The Indian problem is before us for immediate settlement. It\nadmits of no delay. Care for these few Indians now, Christianize them\nnow, as we may, and the Indian becomes as the white man, and our\nmissionary efforts will then be released for other fields.\n\nIn this special emergency we feel strongly the necessity laid on the\nAssociation for an enlargement of its administrative force. Since the\ndeath of our lamented brother, Secretary Powell, the force at the New\nYork office of the Association has been short-handed. We hope that the\nearnest efforts which are being made by the Executive Committee to find\na suitable person to become another Secretary of the Association may be\nat once successful. An emergency is upon us, and we say this with the\nconviction that the demands of the Indian work are now so imperative as\nto require a large portion of the time and thought of such a Secretary.\nIt is a necessity that such a Secretary should frequently visit the\nfield and be in constant communication with the workers.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPORT ON CHINESE WORK.\n\nBY REV. E.A. STIMSON, D.D., CHAIRMAN.\n\nThis is the smallest and least conspicuous department of the work of the\nAmerican Missionary Association, but the one that stands in the closest\nrelation to ourselves, and the one also that can show the largest\nreturns. The Chinese in America are few in number, but they are\nscattered everywhere, as if God intended in them to put the spirit of\nour churches to a crucial test, and, where that test is endured, to give\nto his servants a prompt reward and an unanswerable confirmation of his\npromises and of their faith.\n\nThese strange little men from \"the land of Sinim,\" mysterious, silent,\ncapable, incredibly industrious, money-making, with their pig-tails and\ntheir felt shoes, their \"pidgin English\" and their unintelligible\n\"turkey tracks,\" their wooden countenance and their \"bias eyes,\" their\nopium, and their \"ways that are dark,\" who, in spite of restrictive laws\nand brutal personal treatment, are filtering in everywhere, until they\nmay be seen crouched in the corner of any street car, and are a familiar\nobject in the village street--why are they here? here just now and here\nso persistently? It is no mighty immigration of men, such as De\nTocqueville liked to dwell upon. It is no conquering host, no familiar\nimmigration. Whatever may once have been the attractive force of the\nCalifornia gold fields, washing soiled linen can hardly be regarded as\nsatisfying a national instinct, or thumping through the long hours of\nthe night upon an ironing table a soul-filling amusement. Much may be\nsaid of \"the golden fleece,\" but these are no modern Argonauts. They are\nmoney-making as our friends the Jews, but no \"high emprise\" or \"grand\nendeavor\" fires their calm pulse, and much as has been written of the\ncoolie system and the \"Six Companies,\" nothing has been adduced which\nseems adequate to explain the movement.\n\nThe fact is, God is in it. He is crowding these heathen upon our\nchurches in these missionary days of an opening world, first of all to\nprove our Christianity. Do we believe that all men are brothers? Do we\nbelieve that the Holy Ghost who renewed our hearts can renew these? Do\nwe believe that the Lord who died for us, died for the world? Do we\nbelieve--not that the world--but that this particular heathen as he\nstands before us in his blue blouse, or sits at our side with his\nreading-book, is as dear to our heavenly Father as you and I are? Do we\nbelieve that we are to go to him with the gospel to find a way for the\ntruth into his heart, to bear his burdens, to win him by love, and that\nwithout him we ourselves can not be made perfect? Do we believe, in\nshort, that God has brought him here to our door that we might learn\nthat if we have not a religion that will save, and will make us eager to\nhave it save a Chinaman, we have not a religion that will save\nourselves?\n\nSeven hundred and fifty of these men already members of the churches\nconnected with our mission on the Pacific Coast! and who will say how\nmany more on the rolls of our churches from St. Louis to Boston! What\nare these Chinese converts, the fruitage of our Sunday-schools and\nprayer-meetings, our personal labor, but God's blessed seal set upon our\nChristian faith! Here is the evidence. Ours is the conquering faith of\nthe world. It will save every man, for it has saved these men, no less\nthan you and me.\n\nBut this is not all. China's day has come. We hear from beyond the sea\nof the new railway, the awful floods, the burning of the \"Altar of\nHeaven,\" and the strange stirrings of the mind of that mighty people,\nthe oldest, and judged by its persistent life, the strongest now on the\nglobe. Merchants tell us of its limitless trade: diplomatists speak of\nits astuteness and of its new navy, second only to that of England;\nscholars wonder at a nation of heathen with whom learning determines\nrank, and where the \"boss\" and the fixer of elections are unknown.\nMissionaries write of the throngs that gather in strange cities to hear\nthem preach, of the new gentleness and courtesy everywhere shown them,\nand of the increasing number of young people pressing into the mission\nschools.\n\nIn the midst of all this, when the Lord's voice is heard calling us to\nlift up our eyes and look on the fields now white for the harvest, comes\nword from our solitary watchman upon the watch-tower in Hong-Kong that\nwhen he returned to his post, as he did last year, perplexed and\ndown-hearted, because not one Christian in all America heeded his call\nand went with him to his field, to his surprise and joy the Lord has\nbeen preparing his own servants in the person of Chinese emigrants\ncoming home from America, bringing with them not money only and\nknowledge of the wide world, but the new-found faith; graduates of\nlaundries, but also of our Sunday-schools, members of our churches,\nfilled with an eager spirit to tell their parents, their brethren, their\nneighbors, of Jesus Christ. Ah, dear friends, God's ways are not as our\nways. Let us not be slow to catch his thought and walk where he leads.\n\nHere, then, is the call to us. Begin with the Chinaman at your door.\nRecognize that the Lord Jesus stands before you in him. You prove your\nown faith; you \"do it unto\" your Lord; you forward the plan of God when\nyou take him by the hand and gently entreat him for Christ.\n\nFor the same reason you will give your money to support the work of this\nAssociation. No work has been more devoted, more upheld by prayer, more\nChristlike, or, we may add, more deservedly successful than that under\nthe lead of our representative, Dr. Pond, on the Pacific Coast. He has\nalready surrounded himself with a band of trained Christian converts,\nwho would be a joy in any field, and who are making themselves felt for\ngood far and wide. Their influence reaches to Chicago, St. Louis, and\neven Boston and New York. It is ours to see that the Christian city they\nfind here is not less Christlike than that which met them when they\nlanded on our shores, and that the hoodlum of our Eastern cities no more\nrepresents the spirit of our churches than does he of San Francisco and\nof Oakland. Let us be careful to show that our hand will be as promptly\nraised to protect the helpless Chinaman from insult on the street as it\nwill be to lead his soul to Christ. Let us insist upon it, as Americans\nand as Christians, that no distinction of race or of color shall stand\nbetween any man and his rights, either in the State or in the Church.\nThen may we hope that all--white and black, Chinaman and American--will\ncare less for rights and more for duties, and, in the joy of a true\nbrotherhood, will labor together to bring in the day of the Lord. In any\ncase, let us, with all our multiform machinery, our conventions, our\nsocieties, our churches, be not so busy \"saving souls\" that we have not\ncare to save men and women.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.\n\nBY F.J. LAMB, ESQ., CHAIRMAN.\n\nYour committee beg leave to report that they have had under\nconsideration the matters committed to them. They have been attended by\nyour Treasurer, and they have examined his reports submitted,\nparticularly the detailed statement of receipts and expenditures for the\nyear closed; also statement of trust funds of the Association; also\nstatement of resources and liabilities, and of the income of the Daniel\nHand Educational Fund for the same period. These statements come to us\nduly vouched for by the standing committee of auditors elected by the\nAssociation. A summarized statement of receipts and expenditures has\nbeen printed and distributed at this meeting, which accords with the\ndetailed report. Other reports show that the invested funds of the\nAssociation, aside from the Daniel Hand Fund, are $230,875.78, being\n$500 more than in the previous year. From the statement of resources and\nliabilities, we find that the various colleges, schools, stations,\nbuildings, and property constituting what may be termed the plant of the\nAssociation, amount, at their estimated value, to $745,849. This is a\nlarge sum, but the investment yields no pecuniary return to the\nAssociation. It represents the fixed property with which the Association\ncarries on its work, and the figures may serve in some measure to\napprise us of the magnitude of the work being carried on by the\nAssociation.\n\nThe Daniel Hand Fund is a separate and distinct trust, and its income\ncannot be used for the general work of the Association, and may demand\nsome further notice before this report is closed. The general condition\nof the fund is found on the printed abstract already mentioned.\n\nWe find the system of keeping the accounts clear, convenient, and well\nadapted to exhibit from month to month the exact pecuniary condition of\nthe Association, and the restrictions upon drawing money from the\ntreasury well calculated to insure safety in that respect, and we find\nthe management of the Treasurer's accounts and office in all details\nsatisfactory and deserving our commendation. Comparing the gifts and\nwork of the Association for the last year just closed with the previous\nyear, and the recommendations of the Finance Committee a year ago, we\nfind that the year 1888 closed with a deficit of over $5,000, that the\namount of receipts for that year had been $320,953.42; that the Finance\nCommittee then recommended that the friends of the Association should\nraise for the year $375,000 for its current expenditures. It is a source\nof great gratification to find that this recommendation has been nobly\nmet, and $376,216.88 have been received during the year just closed, an\nincrease of over $55,000; that the deficit of the former year has been\nsupplied, and that the Association commences the current year with a\nfund in the treasury of $4,471.67. This we deem substantial indorsement\nof the Association and its work, by the churches, Sunday-schools,\nmissionary societies and its individual friends. This report might stop\nhere with congratulations for the prosperous year just closed, but the\nduties so well done, and work so well performed, must simply furnish the\nAssociation a standing place and vantage ground for a greater work on\nits part, and grounds for greater sacrifices and gifts by its friends\nfor the year to come.\n\nThe National Council, representing the Congregational churches of the\nwhole nation, lately in session at Worcester, by a unanimous vote\nrecommended that the churches and friends of the work of this\nAssociation raise for it for current expenditures for the year now\ncommenced the sum of $500,000. Is this magnificent sum too much to ask\nfor the year now auspiciously begun? Happily for your committee, we are\nsaved the necessity of elaborate or studied examination of the needs of\nthe work that has been done by the papers read and to be printed and\naddresses delivered from the platform during the meetings up to this\ntime. You are thus informed more fully than we could hope to inform you\nwhat these needs are and their urgency. But we may say that of the\n8,000,000 Negroes in the South it is estimated only 2,000,000 can read\nand write. Add to these the millions of poor whites in the mountains and\nthe red men of the West and the Chinese in our land, and we are fully\njustified in asserting that the work of this Association equals in\nmagnitude any work of the church, and involves issues of Christianity,\nand patriotism touched by no other work of our age. It is estimated by\nthe officers of the Association that through its schools and colleges\nand the teachers furnished by them, who are instructing the children in\nthe South more or less every year, perhaps 175,000 are being reached and\ninstructed. Assuming that as many are reached by other missionary and\nbenevolent societies, we see the tremendous need that can not be\nignored. This burden is laid peculiarly and urgently on this society and\nits contributing friends. Can we meet this duty with less than $500,000\nfor the current year? Your committee say, No. Perhaps you will be ready\nto acquiesce. But let us see what this means. It means that every living\ndonor who contributed last year must increase his contribution 50 per\ncent., or the number of donors must be largely increased. A large amount\nwas received last year from estates and legacies, namely, $114,020.41.\nThis resource is a variable quantity. The Association can not _depend_\non any increase from this source. Its confidence must be in the living,\nwho can give if they will.\n\nYour Committee deem it proper to call more particular attention to the\nmagnificent gift of Daniel Hand to the Association. It is quite likely\nthat some may suppose, and some may have measured their gifts last year\nin the belief, that the income of this fund was applicable to pay\ncurrent expenses of the Association. But this is not so. The Daniel Hand\nFund is appropriated to special work, which, although connected\ngenerally with the work of the Association, is yet not a part of that\nordinary work for which this fund we recommend to be raised is to be\nexpended. Hence all friends of the Association must make and measure\ntheir gifts to it understanding that the sum we propose must be raised\nwithout any aid from the income from that million dollars constituting\none of the grandest gifts of our time. Shall this $500,000 for the\ncurrent work of the Association for 1889 be furnished to it? This is\nGod's work. The churches here represented and the friends of the\nAssociation have the money. It can not be put to any nobler Christian\nuse; the needs demand it, and we recommend that $500,000 be raised for\nthe Association for its current work for the year now begun.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPORT ON SECRETARY STRIEBY'S PAPER.\n\nBY REV. G.B. WILLCOX, D.D., CHAIRMAN.\n\nThe paper by Dr. Strieby impresses your committee as an admirably\ncomprehensive and discriminating statement of the policy and work of the\nAssociation. As to the reconstruction of our educational and missionary\nsocieties, to the suggestion of which much of the paper calls attention,\nand from which he dissents, we should do well to make haste slowly. Some\ntime in the future it may become practicable. But we discover no finger\nof Providence pointing toward it at present.\n\nIf the thought were to reduce our societies to which these interests are\nintrusted to two, calling for but two annual collections where we now\nhave three or four, it needs no prophet to foresee the effect of that on\nthe amounts collected. If the suggestion is of the reconstruction, not\nof the societies, but only of the work--if it proposes that our\neducational and missionary enterprises be so divided that no one society\nshall to any extent conduct both--it has certainly an attractive look.\n\nBut is it more than a look? The educational institutions of several of\nour societies were born out of the inmost life of those organizations\nand lie on their bosom for nourishment to-day. To ask the American\nBoard, for example, to turn over its colleges and schools to some other\nsociety, for that, of course, is involved in the plan suggested--would\nbe like asking one of our Christian mothers to send her babe to the\nfoundlings' home. Some of us are old enough to remember that the\nvenerable and now sainted Dr. Anderson was at first vehemently opposed\nto the schools planted by the missionaries in India. It was confounding\nthings that differ. The work of a missionary society was not to manage\nschools. The schools were discontinued. But the Board soon discovered\nthat it was doing its work with but one hand. The schools came back and\ncame to stay. Now we conservatives are rather jealous of our progressive\nbrethren calling for a reconstruction of the American Board. We know not\nwhereto this thing may grow.\n\nIf the colleges and schools of the American Missionary Association were\nsecular, if they had no vital oneness of life with its churches, there\nmight be room for the plan suggested. But they are as thoroughly\nChristian in their aim as the churches. The churches are as\nindispensably educational as the schools. As Dr. Strieby remarks, the\nteacher is often the pastor. The pastor finds a great part of his flock\nin the school. The teachers teach in his Sunday-school. The\nprayer-meeting depends on them for its success. The unseen shuttles of\nmutual sympathy, flying back and forth incessantly, are weaving the two\ntogether, and working out the one pattern of the Divine life in souls,\nthat covers both. The plan proposed would, at least to the eye,\ndisentangle all complications. It would lay out the work in the\nYear-Book with clean-cut precision. But vital things are not always\nimproved by vivisection. It would doubtless simplify our apprehension of\nthe organs of a _man_ to lay the lungs on one side of the table, the\nheart on another, the liver on a third, and the brains on a fourth. But\nhow far it would enhance the vitality and usefulness of the man is\nanother question. There is an organism which is often, and without harm,\nin that fashion distributed. But it is a mannikin--not a man.\n\nThe one most formidable evil among our colored countrymen is their\ndeplorable ignorance of the connection between religion and morality--or\nrather the fact that religion, on its outward side, is morality. The\nsable deacon who, when confronted with a list of his sins as dark as his\ncountenance, replied triumphantly; \"Well, bredren, I'se broke ebery\ncommandment ob de ten--but bress de Lord, I'se nebber los' my 'ligion,\"\nwas no monster of iniquity. He was only saturated and sodden with the\ndelusion which submerges Pagan, Mohammedan, and Papist alike, and throws\nno little of its froth over Protestant, too often, that duties toward\nGod and toward man are not blended, or even dove-tailed together. But\nthey are weights in opposite scales. Be only devout in your penances or\nyour hallelujahs, and your life among men is of little account. Now,\nthat notion can not be corrected in such a people as that one with which\nwe have to do in the South by an occasional Sunday sermon. In the\nday-school it must be reiterated morning, noon, and night in various\napplications, line upon line and precept upon precept. And so, on the\nother hand, teachers, as well as scholars, must be reminded by pastors,\nwith a little Puritan iron in their blood, of their Christian, as well\nas educational obligations. One member of your committee who has had\npractical experience in the Southern work reports that some teachers,\noccasionally even now, need to be reminded of the Christian service that\nthe Association, as well as the Master, expects from them. But divide\nthese different functions, put the churches and Sunday-schools under\nother auspices, and, self-evidently, that temptation would be so much\nthe worse. We must have groped out of the morning twilight toward the\nmillennial day much further than we have before any such plan can be\nreduced to fact.\n\nDr. Strieby speaks in the paper of his clerical friend of twenty-five\nyears ago, who thought the work of the Association would be transient.\nIt reminds us of Mr. Seward's remark that three months would end the\ncivil war. We are in for a long campaign. The sad fact is not to be\nblinked that, with the enormous increase of the colored population, the\nilliteracy among them is greater to-day than at the close of the\nrebellion. We have need to sing at times:\n\n     O, learn to scorn the praise of men:\n     O, learn to lose with God.\n\nAs Dr. Goodwin grandly told us yesterday, our work is under the Master's\norder. Success is no concern of ours. But success, because it is His\nconcern, is sure. Every losing battle in His service turns in time to\nvictory. We remember in Count Agenor de Gasparin's \"Uprising of a Great\nPeople,\" how spell-bound, awe-struck, he appeared to be before that\nmagnificent ground swell of the loyal nation, rolling on, as a traveling\nmountain range, to sweep the rebellion as drift-wood before it. The\neight millions of the freedmen and their children are rising. If, for\nthe present, there are refluent waves that sadden us it is God who\nbrings in the tide. \"And when I begin,\" saith the Lord, \"I will also\nmake an end.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPORT ON SECRETARY BEARD'S PAPER.\n\nBY REV. H.M. TENNEY, D.D., CHAIRMAN\n\nThe committee to which was referred the paper of Secretary Beard\nrespectfully report that the \"Missionary View of the Southern Situation\"\ntherein presented impresses us profoundly with the fact that the\nsincerest piety is the most exalted patriotism. It commends itself to us\nas worthy of the most serious attention of the thoughtful of both races\nin the North and in the South. The gravity of the Southern problem, as\nset before us, is little less than appalling. The colored race now looks\nback over a quarter of a century of freedom and recognized rights. The\ntraditions and customs and conservative ties of slavery are broken with\nits chains. The ideas, aspirations and manly instincts of liberty have\ntaken hold upon the colored people and are becoming controlling. The\nintellectual progress of the many, the political and national prominence\nof the few, the acquisition of wealth, and the marvelously\ndisproportionate increase in their numbers, serve to awaken the colored\nrace to self-consciousness and a sense of power. It is beginning to\ndemand its rights and to be impatient of their resistance and\nsuppression. The Samson of the past, bound, shorn and blinded, stands\nto-day with fetters broken, with locks grown long, and with eyes yet\ndim, but with the dimness of returning vision, as one who sees men as\ntrees walking. And whether he shall be carried on to complete\nemancipation, intellectual and spiritual, a true manhood, or goaded to\nmadness, and driven to bow himself against the pillars of our national\nand social temple, and pull it down to the common ruin of us all, is the\nquestion of the hour. A race so situated, were there no other factors in\nthe problem, would be a peril to any people, and would call for the most\nhelpful effort and self-sacrificing zeal and Christ-like patience.\n\nBut the white man in the Southern situation is as serious a factor in\nthe problem as the black man. In a different way, the incubus of slavery\nhas rested as heavily upon him as upon his black brother. The illiteracy\nis not all on one side. If we put ourselves in the place of our Southern\nwhite brothers, and remember what human nature is, apart from the grace\nof God, we may not greatly wonder, in view of the heritage of the past\nand the real difficulties and perils of the present, that there is an\nintensity of race prejudice, and a bitterness of caste spirit, and an\nincreasing hostility to the rising colored population which registers\nitself in outbreaks of violence and bloodshed, in the defiance of law,\nand in crimes against the ballot-box. We may not be greatly surprised\nthat there should be intelligent men who regard the education of the\ncolored man as a calamity, and deny his rights, and call for his\ndisfranchisement. The white man of the South needs emancipation and\nChristian elevation as well as the black. We are the debtors of Christ\nto both races. Leave these two races to themselves without the gospel of\nChrist, and the conflict between them is inevitable, and it can be but\nterrific and protracted, and a dark blot upon the Christian name and\ncivilization. Dr. Beard has well said that the problem can not be solved\nby historic precedents. All talk of slavery or peonage for the inferior\nrace, or migration, or extermination, or amalgamation, is idle and\nmorally repugnant and politically dangerous.\n\nThe problem set for our solution by Almighty God is just this--as stated\nin this missionary view of it: How, being free, two races as dissimilar\nas are the white and black races, now equal before the law, can live\nside by side under the same government and live in prosperity and peace.\nThis problem must be solved, and it must be solved aright. And we may be\nsure that the ultimate solution of blessing for both races does not, and\ncan not, lie in any retrograde movement toward the old darkness and\nbondage, but forward in the direction of the larger light and truer\nliberty of Christ. If the colored race, as a race, seems to have reached\na point when \"a little knowledge is a dangerous thing,\" its hope and\nours lie not in a return to ignorance and degradation, but in pressing\non to that larger knowledge and truer wisdom, the beginning of which is\nthe fear of God, and the fullness of which is a hearty recognition and\ncordial acceptance and discharge of the obligations and trusts of a\nChristian manhood and Christian citizenship. The condition of the\ncolored race, indeed, is but a necessary stage in its upward and onward\nmarch. It is no other than we have always had reason to expect would be\nreached. That the mile-stone of to-day marks so great progress is cause\nfor profound gratitude. The new features of the situation and the fresh\ndifficulties are those, and those only, which are incident to progress.\n\nThere is but one solution for the Southern problem, and that is the\nsolution for which this Association has labored from the beginning, and\nwhich this paper urges. Christianity in its highest forms, an\nintelligent Christian manhood, is that solution. It is an impressive\nthought that it is the mission of this Association, more than all other\ninstitutions and agencies, to develop that Christian sentiment among the\ncolored people, and indirectly among the whites, which shall create a\n_balance of power_ which shall save the races and the nation from that\nconflict which without it seems inevitable. This fact is a trumpet call\nto us to press the work of the Association in its schools and colleges\nand churches with renewed vigor and devotion.\n\nAnd we would especially emphasize the necessity of preserving the unity\nof the educational and religious work of the Association to this end.\nEvery teacher must be a missionary as truly as every preacher. And this\nunity of purpose and effort must be felt. Church and school, as in the\npast, must continue to stand together in the minds and labors of the\npeople that there may be no exaltation of education at the expense of\nreligion. In the dark days of slavery, it was faith in God that\nsustained the Negro, that inspired his songs, and that made him strong\nto endure and patient to wait. And it was by the power of God that he\nwas at last set free. Never did the colored man need that faith in God,\nand in an overruling and guiding Providence, more than now, when the\ngoal of liberty and equality is so nearly attained, and yet strangely\ndelayed. Nobly do the leaders of the race realize that faith, and seek\nto lead their brethren into it.\n\nIt belongs to this Association, by all the agencies at its command, to\nteach this people to be patient and to wait upon the Lord, to endure\nhardship, to leave vengeance with the Lord, and, accepting the\nresponsibilities of liberty and citizenship, to gird themselves to meet\nthem in the spirit and in the strength of a grand Christian manhood.\nThis the history of this people warrants us in expecting from them. To\nthis manhood, struggle and work we welcome them, and in it we pledge\nthem our Christian support.\n\nLet this be the temper of those who hold the balance of power between\nthe races in the South, and in no long time the slumbering conscience of\nthe Southern white will respond. The noble utterances of the\nSoutherners, who already demand that the Golden Rule shall be applied to\nthe race problem, prove that it is already waking to life and power. It\nwill be felt then that it cannot be safe to sin against God, to despise\neven the least of his children; that it must be safe to follow in the\nway where he leads, to do his bidding, and to give equal rights to all,\nand to treat all men as brethren. And thus the missionary view\nprevailing, and the missionary solution accepted, the perils and\nconflicts of to-day will disappear as the storm-cloud passes, and the\ndifficulties of race relations now anticipated will adjust themselves in\nGod's way, and in God's time--the way of Christian manhood and\nbrotherhood, of righteousness and of peace.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nADDRESSES ON THE PRECEDING REPORTS.\n\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nADDRESS OF REV. WM. BURNET WRIGHT, D.D.\n\nWhen that Egyptian King, of whom we all know, was carving those\nmemorials of his greatness which, even as brought to us by the magazines\nof late, have interested us all so much, and when Egypt was the most\nsuperb power in the world, slave women, of whom the mother of Moses was\none, were lamenting by the Nile. But the people then to be pitied were\nnot the Hebrews, but the Egyptians.\n\nAs I think of the future of my country, my anxiety is not for the black\nrace.\n\nThe two nations which seem destined to exert in the near future the most\nintense and wide influence are Russia and the United States. Before each\nof them God has set essentially the same task and appears to have\nconditioned largely their prosperity upon the way in which they do it.\nThat task is to develop into full-orbed free men a vast number of\ncitizens who have been dwarfed and twisted by slavery. How to do this\nmost thoroughly and speedily is the superlatively important question for\neach nation to decide. In Russia, there is no more acute observer than\nCount Tolstoi: and Count Tolstoi has said to his countrymen, \"What we in\nRussia need supremely is three things; they are schools and schools and\nschools.\" The American Missionary Association, in view of all that has\nbeen said here these two days, seems to me to be repeating, with the\nemphasis of an adequate experience, those same words; and I think Mr.\nHand has shown a judgment equal to his generosity in so wording the\nconditions of his gift that it repeats the same thing. The Association,\nwhether intentionally or unintentionally, is telling us that what we\nneed in the South supremely is \"schools and schools and schools.\"\n\nBy schools I certainly do not mean institutions which train only the\nmind or the body, or both. I am perfectly familiar with the picture\nwhich Mr. Maturin Ballou has drawn of the Alaska Indian using the\nknowledge gained in missionary schools to raise a check. I know that\neducation which does not rightly train the will may be giving tools to a\nburglar or weapons to a mad man. The anarchism in Chicago, but for the\neducation it controls, would have been like Bunyan's giants--able only\nto gnaw its nails in malice and have fits in sunshiny weather. But the\nAmerican Missionary Association understands this thoroughly. In that\ncopy of the year's review which Dr. Strieby sent me, the report of the\nschool work was marked with a red pencil, that of the church work with a\nblue one; but the two marks overlapped, the red and the blue, so\ncompletely that all attempts to separate them were hopeless. Dr. Strieby\nhimself could not distinguish between the church work and the school\nwork of the Association. No man can. They are indistinguishable because\nthey have been inseparable. This is as it should be. This is essential\nto their real success. This is New Testament preaching--discipling; and\nthat is what the Master told us to do. The danger of Count Tolstoi's\nleadership in Russia is great, and it is solely this: that he does not\nknow that fact. The safety of your guidance, gentlemen, who conduct the\npolicy of this Association, is that you do. The education given by the\nState and by the Federal Government has been and must necessarily be,\nalmost wholly secular. But the education given by this Association is\ndistinctly, not technically, religious. It is rooted and grounded in the\nBible. And if what I am saying appears to you trite, I am glad of it,\nbecause it shows that on the substantial facts we are at one and need no\nargument.\n\nThere are, however, two facts which sharply distinguish between the work\nwe have to do among our emancipated slaves and that set before Russia\namong her emancipated serfs, and which make it more conspicuously\nobvious than it can be in Russia that we need schools. We have, first of\nall, to contend with the prejudice of color. We have been told how great\nthat is. I need spend no time in repeating this while the debates at\nWorcester and in the Episcopal Convention at New York ring in our ears;\nwhile Harvard seniors can not elect for class orator the ablest and\nfittest man they have if he happens to be colored, without eliciting\nfrom New York newspapers two-column editorials of amazement; and while\nwriters as wise, as informed, and as calm as George Cable, are unable to\nwrite without showing their quivering apprehension of a race war. The\nwickedness of this class feeling is conceded by all good men, and I need\nnot dwell upon it.\n\nThe cause of it has been largely overlooked, and therefore the remedies\nso often advocated have proved futile. Until the cause is distinctly\nrecognized and acknowledged and remedied, the prejudice will remain. The\ncause is this: All freeborn people in every age and clime have had a\ncontempt for slaves. That is very near the feeling--mark my words--they\nought to have. It was stronger in Athens than it has ever been in\nCharleston. It is partly, and has always been largely, caused by the\nwicked pride of mastership, but it has also been largely inspired by the\nperception of those vices and inferiorities which his condition breeds\nin the slave. Ignorance, deceit, cowardice, are contemptible; and\ntherefore men who know better fall into the way of despising those who\nare ignorant and cowardly instead of trying to help them become the\nreverse of all these things. In nearly every other nation--there are two\nexceptions that will readily occur to you--save our own, as soon as the\nslave's chains have been broken and the slave's vices eradicated, the\nemancipated man has been absorbed among the class of freemen. There was\nnothing left to suggest that he had ever been a slave. The people forgot\nit. But the black man bears an ineffaceable mark that he belongs to a\nrace which has been enslaved; and it is, therefore, in ninety-nine cases\nout of a hundred unconsciously but instinctively assumed that his is\nstill the servile character. There is no natural antipathy between the\nwhite and the black races; if there were there could be no mulattoes.\nThe sole reason of the persistence of this caste feeling is that the\nblack man bears the mark saying to every one that sees him, \"I belong to\na race that has been enslaved:\" and unconsciously men assume, \"Therefore\nyour character is still a servile character.\" The prejudice is deep; it\nis almost universal; and so long as there is a God in heaven who led\nforth the Hebrews and overthrew the Pharaohs, there will be no safety\nfor this Nation of ours until the prejudice is obliterated, as\ncompletely as that which once existed and was more intense between the\nAnglo-Saxon and the Norman. If, as has been the case in many another\nland, there should arise an emergency threatening the existence of our\nNation, and there were one man, and only one, capable of steering us\nthrough the storm into safety--some Lincoln or Washington--and if every\nvoter in our country knew that this man were the only one who could do\nit, that man, if he were black, could not be elected President. Were\nsuch an emergency to arise to-morrow, we should perish. We should perish\nby suicide, and richly deserve all that we got. There is no safety for\nour land until this prejudice of caste is gone. It never came by\nargument; it can never be argued away. It can not be smothered under\nlegislation nor uprooted by resolutions nor effaced by tears. While good\nmen feel it they will fight it, but the majority will yield to it and it\ncan be decided in only one way. That way was well outlined by a colored\nstudent in Hampton Institute in the debating club of that institution.\nThe subject for discussion was, \"How Shall We Black Men Secure Our\nRights?\" The last speaker was black as ebony, and had been bred in his\nearly years a slave. When he arose I expected to hear him repeat the\nfamiliar complaints and suggest the familiar remedies. He did neither.\nHe simply said: \"My friends, I do not agree with all that you have said.\nI think, as you do, that the way white people treat us in the street\ncars and hotels\"--and he might have added, in churches, but he did\nnot--\"is wrong, unchristian, and cruel.\" And when he said that, there\nwas a pathos in his voice which made me ashamed to be a white man.\n\"But,\" he added, \"while I think as you do that it is cruel, I do not\nthink that the white people will ever stop treating us as inferiors so\nlong as we are inferiors, and I think that they will despise us as long\nas they can. But when we get enough character in our hearts, enough\nbrains in our head, and enough money in our pockets, they will stop\ncalling us niggers!\"\n\nHe was right--a thousand times right. We must face the facts and steer\nby them, and not attempt to be guided by sentiment and emotions. So long\nas the sight of a black face instinctively suggests to us rags and\nignorance, and servility and menial employments, just so long this\nprejudice of caste will endure, and no amount of individual genius,\nculture, or character will be able to brush the mildew of caste from any\nindividual black man's brow. That lady may be a Florence Nightingale,\nbut if I whisper, and whisper truly, that she came from the slums, that\nher sisters are in the penitentiary, and her brothers are thieves,\nsociety will never forgive her for not being in the penitentiary\nherself. Society will pity her in ostentatious magniloquence, which is\nfar worse than contempt or neglect; perhaps it will clothe her with silk\nand diamonds; but it will never treat her as it would not dare not to\ntreat any lady whom it felt its equal. As has been well said, what is\nneeded is not patronage nor pity, but fact--the recognition of fact.\nWhen the sight of a black face shall no longer remind men that it\nbelongs to a race of which the immense majority close at hand are still\nshowing what we have driven into them by the lash and bound in them by\nchains; when the black face shall have clothed itself in associations as\nfull of comfort and culture and Christian worth as a white man wears,\n\"Negro\" will be as honorable as \"Caucasian.\" And for this, through its\nchurches which are schools, and its schools which are churches, the\nAmerican Missionary Association is laboring and praying with splendid\nsuccess.\n\nI would like to remind you of the second point, which is emphasized by\nthe statement in the report that a graduate, of Fisk University, with\nhis wife, another graduate, has gone to Africa under commission of the\nAmerican Board, and has there shown eminent abilities. Africa is the\nonly continent on the planet that has never had a history. For\nmillenniums it has been a locked closet. But in the providence of God\nthe gaze of Christendom is now concentrated upon it. All the passions,\ngood and bad, which push men are impelling the most adventurous and\nenergetic of our race to look or to go thither. Love of money, love of\nadventure, love of power, love of man and love of God, are leading men\nto look into the 200,000,000 dusky faces there from which the veil has\nat last been thrown back. Meanwhile 8,000,000 of that race whose\nChristianizing means the regeneration of a continent vaster than Europe\nand the inauguration of a history perhaps to be more splendid than that\nwhich Europe has wrought out in two millenniums, are here for you and me\nto educate. Do you believe these facts are accidents? Do you believe\nthat He who maketh the wrath of man to praise Him and restraineth the\nremainder of wrath has not ordained them according to the counsels of\nhis own will? There never can be a Christian education which does not\nplant and foster the missionary spirit. Is it a dream? If so, let me die\nbefore I wake. Is it a dream that among 8,000,000 of our fellow citizens\neach of whom, as Dr. Strieby told us at New York, is qualified to live,\nperhaps to thrive, in the climate which has proved a grave to\nAnglo-Saxons, each of whom is qualified to visit Africa with a fair hope\nof making himself received as a child returning unto his own household?\nIs it too much to hope that, under the Christian education we may give\nthem if we will, enough will desire to preach Christ to the dark continent\nto gem it with life and light as the sky is gemmed with stars?\n\nI am too old to do it, but so complete is my conviction that the future\nof the race in the coming century shall move toward Africa as in the\nages following Paul it moved toward the North and West of Europe, that\nwere I a young man, loyal and devoted to my Master, and trying as he\ntold his followers by Gennesaret to read in the morning and evening red\nthe signs of the times, I should not go to Africa, perhaps; I would go\nto Tougaloo University, I think, and there devote all my energies and\npowers to instructing black men in the meaning and scope and inspiration\nand promise of the Master's words, \"Go ye.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nADDRESS OF REV. F.P. WOODBURY, D.D.\n\nI feel that I have learned a great deal to-day; and as the last speaker\nspoke concerning Africa, an idea has come into my mind which I may\nexpress. Here we have on one side of the great ocean, Africa; on the\nother side, America. We have here a race conflict; on the one side eight\nmillions of blacks, we will say, and perhaps eight millions of\nirreconcilable whites on the other. And these dominant eight millions of\nwhite men maintain, with the utmost pertinacity--and they have the power\nin their right hand so far as we can see--that they propose to rule and\nkeep down those eight millions of black men. I have seen the title of a\nbook recently published, \"An Appeal to Pharoah,\" which is vouched for as\na calm and temperate discussion of the question whether, after all, we\nare not going to get by this race difficulty by a great deportation to\nAfrica. It is a good deal to raise the question of eight millions of men\nleaving one country and going across the ocean and settling in another\ncontinent. But isn't there something in it after all? Might it not\ncompose the differences? I know that the cost would be very large, but\ncareful estimates go to show that the cost is not anywhere near the\namount we spent in our civil war. On the one side, we have these eight\nmillions of black men--ignorant, very largely superstitious, still\nsomewhat above those of the same color in Africa, and plunged here into\nan antagonism which is deep, and bitter, and hopeless. On the other\nside, we have these eight millions of white people who do not accept the\nresults of the war. Isn't it better that eight millions shall go? I\ndon't know. I think it deserves serious consideration.\n\nBut when the question arises for practical consideration, I think there\nis another and a little deeper question that we ought to remember, and\nthat is this: Which eight millions ought to go? Is it these who have\nbeen faithful to the American flag, who are straight in the line of\nprogress that this republic proposes to maintain, who are in the line of\nthe development of all the ages, who are looking upward? Or is it the\neight millions who are hopelessly side-tracked by the purposes of\ninfinite God, and who are standing here in this republic, undertaking to\nmaintain a conflict that is necessarily one of despair, as sure as God\nis at the head of the universe? Expatriation if you please, deportation\nif you will; but consider the question whether it shall be eight\nmillions of American patriots who are to be sent over to Africa or eight\nmillions who have come out of a rebellion and maintain their seditious\nand rebellious attitude to-day.\n\nMy friends, we all know that we are going to live together. There is no\nmore baseless theory on God's earth than that we are going to take eight\nmillions of men and send them out of this country, because they want to\nlearn something, because they want to live like men and be men and\ncitizens, and because God has put them here for our work and our\neducation. I tell you, my friends, the immediate problem seems to me\nonly one form of a larger problem. What is the problem of the planet\nto-day? Is it not the problem as to which of two theories shall maintain\nitself concerning the masses which are at the base of society? Isn't\nthat the problem in every nation? Isn't it the problem here concerning\nwhite and black, red and yellow alike? There is no possible doubt about\nit. The labor problem, do you call it? Here is one theory which holds\nthat the masses shall be kept down. Here is the other system which\nmaintains that they shall be elevated. We have got to live with them in\nthe world, for I imagine there is nobody talking about sending them to\nthe moon. Don't you know, and I know that the world is growing smaller\nevery year? Talk about neighborhood--look over this continent. Germany\nis here; Ireland is here; France is here; China is here; Africa is here.\nWe are neighbors to everybody. We are touching elbows across the ocean\nall the time. If you send anybody to Africa, why, he is only next door;\nand by and by we shall have air ships that will float up over there in a\nfew hours! How are you going to manage this thing? We have got to live\ntogether in this world, and nearer and nearer to one another with every\ngeneration; and this country may just as well be the field in which to\ntry the experiment out as any other country on the face of the globe. I\nthink we are going to try it out to the end. There are symptoms of it\nall around.\n\nBut the conflict is here; it is in the air. It is not a conflict by\nsword. You know they tell the legend among the old mediaeval stories that\nin one of the great battles on one of the plains of Europe, after the\nquiet darkness of the night had settled over the scene, the field strewn\nall over with the forms of the mangled and the dead, there were seen in\nthe shuddering midnight air to rise spirit forms maintaining the deadly\nconflict there, and carrying on the battle of the day. It seems to me,\nin some sense, true of us. The sword has done what the sword could do;\nit can do no more. But the conflict is here in the air, pronouncing\nitself with every event that drifts across our horizon. Harvard sets its\nseal on the brow of Clement Morgan, and the Memphis _Avalanche_ has no\nother word for him than to call him \"that dusky steer with the crumpled\nforelock.\"\n\nMy friends, we are going right forward in the field of conflict, which\nis the field of victory. One with God is a majority, and we are\nthousands with God. And we have on our side the weak and the helpless,\ntoo. I don't want any better aid than that. You know that Burke in that\nmagnificent invective against Warren Hastings, when he rose to the very\nclimax of it and told the story of those atrocious tortures to which the\npoor and ignorant and misguided peasants of India had been put, how they\nhad had their fingers tied together and mashed with hammers, and other\nunmentionable things had been done to them, appealed to the parliament\nand said that if they should refuse justice those mashed and disabled\nhands, lifted high to Heaven in prayer, would call down the power of God\nfor their deliverance. Is it not worse to mash and disable a mind and a\nsoul than a hand? I tell you the prayers of the poor are on our side;\nand if we had nothing of all this magnificent achievement of this\nAssociation to look upon, we could look on those hands raised and those\nsouls crying out from the social bondage of to-day, as they did from the\nphysical bondage of a few years ago, and know that if God be for us we\nneed not care who or what is against us.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nADDRESS OF PROFESSOR GRAHAM TAYLOR.\n\nI have but a very few words to add to this report. The facts speak\nlouder than any statement of them can. When skirting the Asiatic shore\nof the inner sea, that lonely traveler, Paul, heard a voice, he looked\nacross to the shores of Europe, and there in the night stood a great\ncolossal form, not of a naked savage, but a form clad perhaps, in the\npanoply of the Macedonian phalanx, the representative of the Europe that\nthen was and was yet to be, the precursor, it may be, to the classically\ninformed mind of the missionary to the Gentiles, of that long procession\nof great world conquerors. It was the Man of Macedon who stood there in\nthe might of his strength and cried, like the crying of an infant in the\nnight, the crying of an infant for the light, \"Come: come over into\nMacedonia and help us.\"\n\nNow, my brethren, this was the cry of the strong for help. This was the\ncry of the peoples that were following the westward course of the star\nof empire. And yet, in their strength, they cried as though they were\nthe weakest of woman born. And when that missionary, in response to that\ncall, crossed the sea, though he came to that Macedonian city which had\nbeen the battle-scene of the contending forces of the Roman empire, he\nfound access for the gospel into Europe through the open heart of one\nwoman--Lydia, a seller of purple. And there, sitting down by the water\ncourse, where prayer was wont to be made, he just grouped those\nindividuals into that unit of God's operations on the face of the earth,\nthe local church. And this church was distinguished among the apostolic\nchurches for its family traits, for the infusion of feminine grace and\nmasculine strength, for the most domestic hospitality and the very\nfaults of the close attritions of human life. There he planted the seed\nwhich has grown into our European and American civilization and\nChristianity.\n\nAnd so ever at the cry of the strong for help the gospel has had just\nthese three great prime factors to present for the solution of the\nproblems of every age: first, the home, with its priesthood of the\nfather and mother, the sanctuary of the house and the ministrations of\nfamily life; secondly, the school; and thirdly, between the home and the\nschool, the church. When our Lord himself, from all possible sources,\nmade selection of the first among the many means he has chosen for the\nredemption of this world, he chose a trained personality. As the medium\nfor the transmission of truth, no improvement, no change has been found\nin all the progress of the gospel. By this trained personality--the\nheart that has been led to live with Christ awhile, and then go forth in\nhis name and filled with his love to the hearts that have place for that\nlove and rootage for that life--this wonderful product of our Christian\ncivilization has everywhere been produced.\n\nAnd I take it that in no one of the Christian agencies known to us are\nthese three methods so wonderfully unified, so inseparably united, as\nthe home and the church and the school are in the work of the American\nMissionary Association. They are one and the same. They are\nindissoluble. The long experience of this Association through this half\ncentury of specialized work does fit it, as the report has said, to give\nan almost commanding opinion in regard to the method of the work to be\npursued among these very distinct classes. From the field as well as\nfrom the office, and from the experience of those longest at work, we\nlearn that the school finds its ultimate aim only in the church; that,\nas a Christian agency, we are to work with the school only as a means to\nthe end of building up that body of Christ on the face of the earth\nwhich is known by the name of his church. I do not see how the\nseparation to any extent of school and church work can fail to break the\nunity of administration and hinder the progress of this gloriously\non-going work.\n\nI have just one word to add in regard to the reflex influence of this\nchurch work upon the home churches. My brethren, there has been a great\ndearth in candidates for the ministry until very recently. It strikes me\nthat there is no such object-lesson in all our land, inviting men to\nconsecrate themselves to the noblest of purposes, as the heroic ministry\nof this Association. It needs the heroic element to attract young men.\nIt needs something which is very plainly worth their while to live for\nand to work for and to consecrate their energies toward, in order to\nattract them from the allurements of business and material progress\nto-day. The Indian service of the British Government, and even the\nservice of the great commercial companies, have that element of heroism\nin it them which has attracted the very best brain and brawn of the\nEnglish race to India. So it seems to me we will have to hold up these\ngreat organizations, which reach down to the hard places of the land,\nwhich occupy places that require men to man them, in order to recruit\nthe ranks of our ministers. A man needs to know that he will have to be\nall the more a man to be anything of a minister now-a-days, to attract\nhim into this great work. And this heroic type of Christian ministry and\nof Christian manhood and womanhood, shown in the half century of this\nsociety's work and existence, is to my mind one of the great attractions\nupon the best, the strongest, and the most consecrated of those men and\nwomen who devote their lives to the service of the church.\n\nIts reflex influence upon every other branch of missionary activity in\nthe church is very plain. It is to-day--I do not hesitate to say it--the\nhero of our organizations. It takes far less stamina, far less\nconsecration, I believe, to go to India, or China, or Japan than it does\nto come out at the call of God and of this agency of His divine\nProvidence and enter many a field manned by this Association. In the\n_personnel_ of our theological seminaries I have long noticed that the\nchoicest spirits, the men with the stamp of courage upon them, those who\nare not working for place, but for Christ, and him alone, are the men\nwho take up this work. They are the men who, when they come back to the\nschools of the prophets, thrill our hearts as no other men do with the\nstory of the conquests of Christ in their own hearts as well as out in\nthe hard fields which they cultivate for his sake; and there will be no\nmore glowing missionary meeting of the seminary with which I have the\nhonor to be connected than when the reports of this meeting shall be\ncarried back to the brethren. The prayers of the class-rooms, the\nprayers of the missionary meetings, the yearnings of the hearts of the\nmen who are preparing to follow in the footsteps of those who have\nheroically led the way, are the wires for these unseen and yet never\nunused electric currents which unite the North with the South, the\nfrontier with the citadels of our common Christianity.\n\nWe know very well the danger of a false education, of a school without A\nchurch, education without evangelization, a university without the heart\nof Christ beating in it. Great are the joy and confidence felt in the\nhearts of the constituency of this body that school and church are so\ninextricably interwoven with each other that if you plant a school it\nwill develop into a church, and if the church comes it will eventually\nand inevitably re-act, and in a most blessed way in spiritual and often\nin material resources upon the school. We give largely to the school\nbecause there is a home beneath it and a church around it.\n\nI regard these churches of the American Missionary Association with\ntheir evangelistic and nurturing agencies, prime sociological factors\nfor bringing in Christ's dear kingdom in this land of ours. It is their\nmission not only to remedy evils, not only to restore rights, but to be\ngreat constructive agencies of a new Christian civilization. For when\nChrist came, he came preaching, not the gospel of the individual, not a\ngospel simply to save that man, that woman, that child, but the gospel\nof the Kingdom, the gospel which this great Association so effectually\npreaches and not only preaches but applies and administers as well. And\nthe time will not be far hence when this whole subject of the\nenvironment of the spiritual life will force itself so imperatively upon\nthe study of the churches at home that they will take the type of their\nwork and the inspiration for their new developments from the leadership\nof this and kindred missionary organizations which have set them these\nmost brilliant examples of being ahead of the thought and the feeling of\ntheir day.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nADDRESS OF REV. C.W. HIATT.\n\nMore than fifty years ago De Tocqueville gave utterance to these\nprophetic words: \"The most formidable of all the ills that threaten the\nfuture existence of the United States arises from the presence of a\nblack population upon its territory.\" I think that that prophecy has\nbeen iterated and reiterated before this convention until we ought\nfinally to let it rest as an established fact. I believe we are menaced\nby these eight millions of people, who are twice as great in number as\nwere the people of the United Colonies when they broke from the\nmightiest naval and military power in history; but I believe that the\nperil that we are menaced by in the presence of this black man arises\nfrom his perils. There is a peril from the black man, but it is a peril\nsecondary to the peril _of_ the black man upon this soil. I do not\napprehend any uprising by Uncle Tom; but Uncle Tom is dead, and his son\nis here and his friends of a younger generation. These men are being\ngnarled and corrupted and imbruted, and are massing themselves, touching\nelbows one with another; and under the influences of the age in which we\nlive are becoming a factor in our civilization which, unless we modify\nand change it under our Christian teaching, will render our Southland\nlike that island on the north of the Caribbean Sea where to-day it is\nsaid that the name of Toussaint l'Ouverture, the original defender and\nliberator, is a hissing and a reproach.\n\nIt was a fine augury of the future when the work for the ex-slave began\nat Fortress Monroe in the atmosphere of religion. Mary Peake, meeting\nthe advancing multitudes of refugees, gospel in heart and primer in\nhand, as by divine suggestion, laid the pattern of all our succeeding\ntoil. Side by side of mutual helpfulness God has placed the alphabet and\ndecalogue, the teacher and the preacher, the school-house and the\nchurch. \"What therefore God hath joined together let not man put\nasunder.\"\n\nThe largest, grandest word in the title of this organization is\n\"Missionary.\" When that word drops out its work will be done, for its\ncall will have ceased. Our ultimate end and present purpose is, and\nalways should be, simply this--to save. We cannot lift our fallen\nbrother without the leverage of the cross.\n\nNo field is wider, none more difficult, than that to which our eyes are\nturned, embracing as it does four of the five families of mankind. They\nhuddle together in the lap of Christendom, but feel no warmth. They are\na demonstration of the fact that civilization never touches barbarism\nwithout polluting it. The Indian, finding his highest ideal in the rude\nand tipsy defender of our flag; the Chinaman, taking home more\nheathenism than he brings; the Negro, bound tighter by the vices of the\nwhites than ever he was by their iron chains--these three, ignorant of\nthe Christ and grasping the satanic weaponry of our sinful land and age,\ntogether form the most discouraging of mission fields. Our laborers are\nfaced by all the serious problems of the foreign land--problems\nunrelieved by a single romantic charm. When we send our missionaries to\nAfrica they go to labor among the Africans; and when we send them down\nSouth they go to teach \"niggers.\"\n\nNotice, then, what the report of this committee signifies in the\npresence of the fact that our laborers not only grapple with foreign\nlanguages, conceptions, idolatries, habits of benighted peoples, but all\nthe time are hindered and assailed on every hand by these Bedouin Arabs\nof our land--the minions of mammon and the slaves of caste. To gather\nand hold and save in such a field as this, is task enough for the finest\ncorps in the army of the Lord.\n\nIn the presence of these well-known facts, the report of the committee\nadds another chapter to the Book of Acts. It gladdens our hearts with\nthrilling music--the music of ringing sickle and reaper's song. From all\nover this mighty field, from mountain, and savannah, and shore, and\nplain, we hear the resonant footsteps of advancing troops--a solid\nregiment of converts marching in the army of our Christ and into the\nfellowship of his Congregational Church. I want you to notice that this\nchurch which we have planted in the South is just the kind of a church\nto take these people and assimilate them, to save them and to preserve\nthem to their highest usefulness. And why? In the first place, because\nit is a church that will take them in. I saw the other day this\ninscription over a great arch erected in honor of our Pan-American\nguests in the city of Cleveland, \"Welcome All Americans.\" Well, the\nCongregational Church has put three talismanic letters over the portal\nof every church that it has planted in the South and in the West,\n\"A.M.A.--All mankind acceptable.\"\n\nEvery convert in our work has cosmopolitan views respecting the\nbrotherhood of man. This means that one thousand people have seated\nthemselves before an apostolic communion table. White, black, red and\nyellow, side by side in harmony before the broken memorials of the life\nof love. The spirit of color-caste is a post-apostolic devil. The most\neminent convert of the evangelist Philip was as black as a middle vein\nof Massilon coal. Perhaps that is why they met in the desert and the\nspirit compassionately caught Philip away. The purest church and the\npurest ray of sunshine are alike--they absorb the seven colors of the\nspectrum. When the Creator flung the rainbow like a silken scarf over\nthe shoulder of the summer cloud, he drew his color-line. Pentecostal\nblessings fell at Jerusalem, and have fallen ever since on the\ncosmopolitan church.\n\nThe second feature of this church that adapts it to ours field is the\nopen Bible. Every convert is armed with the shining sword--the sword of\nthe spirit, which is the word of God, like the sword in the hand of the\nangel at Eden's gate, turning every way at once.\n\nYou do not hear of immorality, gross and fearful, within the precincts\nof our Congregational churches. You do not hear of our people walking up\nthe hills of the beatitudes over the broken tables of the law. The\nwritten word, like the Incarnate, goes into our congregations and drives\nout all the sellers of oxen and of doves. The Word, also, is the\nprotection of these people against their greatest foe of this day--the\nencroaching power of the Church of Rome. Do you know that that ancient\nfoe of liberty is stalking all across the twelve States of the South? Do\nyou know what it means to have the Church of Rome take in hand these\npeople of lowly and of feeble intelligence? We do not have to crossover\nto Austria or Italy in order to discern her aims, for the Nun of Kenmare\nhas alighted upon our shores, and her alarming words are running through\nthe land. Rome knows no color prejudice, and the foot of that great\ndespotic power can rest just as easily upon a skin that is black as upon\na neck that is of the purest alabaster. And the Congregational Church\ndown South is the only champion against this papal see, for she has an\naisle wide enough for five races of mankind to march up to her communion\ntable, while the sword of the Spirit guards her portals.\n\nAgain, I wish you to notice this fact: That this Church which we are\nplanting is not only hiding a multitude of sins by saving these lowly\npeople, but it is serving the interests of the State as well. When we\nremember that the polity of our church is a polity of liberty, that it\nteaches that rights and duties go hand in hand, that it takes just as\nmuch wisdom to elect the pastor of a church as the President of the\nUnited States, we can see that the moral influence of this polity of\nours is serving the interests of our commonwealth. The Congregational\nChurch is carrying the Pilgrim idea into the soil of the Cavalier.\nStraight University, Tillotson Institute, and these other schools, are\nbut the outcropping of that old stone down in an Eastern harbor that we\ncall Plymouth Rock. Down South are being planted those two principles\nupon which the great superstructure of our liberty rests firm--a church\nwithout a bishop and a state without a king. This is what\nCongregationalism is carrying into that land long ruled by\naristocracies. It is giving these people who possess liberty the\nknowledge of how to use it aright.\n\nFinally we not only hide a multitude of sins, we not only serve the\nState, but we reach forth a long arm to save the world. Awhile ago I was\nin the study of Dr. Ladd. There, spread before us, were relics of his\nwell remembered cruise along the Nile. There were implements for rude\ntillage of the soil, there were swords and spears beaten into shape by\nbarbaric artisans, there were the cats and lizards and toads, objects of\nworship by unnumbered millions. Thus were displayed in object lesson the\nsavagery and idolatry of one of the largest families of man. The Doctor\nplaced his finger on the map at Mendi Mission. \"There,\" said he, \"I saw\na row of missionaries graves. Their headstones sadly told the tale of\nthe pestilential land. Two months, three months, nine months they\nsurvived, and then fell to rise no more. No white man can endure the\nclime.\"\n\nAnother time I was at a commencement of Fisk University. I saw Professor\nSpence take two photographs, and hold them up before the gaze of five\nhundred intelligent colored youths, whose faces fairly glowed as they\nlooked upon the well-remembered features of two of their alumni, who in\nWestern Africa, if I mistake not, are teaching the gospel of Christ and\nenduring the rigors of the climate. And in the glowing features of these\nfive hundred folk, I saw the prophecy of a splendid recruiting of our\nfeeble forces in that continent which by and by shall not be dark. Ah,\nthis work is grand! We are putting the cross of Jesus into the dusky\nhands that shall carry it not only to the land of the pyramids, not only\nto the land of the ancient wall; but, as I believe, there will come a\nday when some child now in our schools of the West, some Apache or\nDakotan, will rise with apostolic fervor, and going southward along the\nisthmus and over the mountains will put this transfigured cross of\nChrist into the pampas and the llanos through which the Amazon and the\nOrinoco pour their majestic streams.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nADDRESS OF REV. D.M. FISK, D.D.\n\nIt may be fitting to add a few supplementary words corroborative of\nthe hopeful view taken in this report on the Mountain Work. At first\nglance it does seem that this is a discouraging field. I need not\nrecapitulate what has been said in the report already before you. It\nis sufficiently discouraging; the ignorance and poverty are not the\nworst features. The position of the clergy in many sections--I am\nhappy to say not in all--is full of discouragement. The worst thing we\nhave to face is the apathy of the people. Their phrase, \"We-uns never\nasked you-uns to come here,\" is certainly most pathetic.\n\nWhat do we propose to do about it? What do we propose to do with more\nthan two millions for whom Christ died, American citizens, in the very\nheart of our Nation, around whom the currents of commerce and industry\nswirl every day? Shall the greatest tidal wave of all time pass them by,\nand they not feel it for a moment? More than all, shall the great gospel\nof God, which is life, and hope, and peace, and home, for us, be nothing\nfor them?\n\nI am happy to say that it is not all dark by any manner of means. Your\ncommittee is hopeful, the members of this Association are hopeful, our\nbrethren on the frontier are hopeful. There are very many favorable\nthings, and one of the most favorable is their increasing numbers. Do we\nstop to estimate what two millions of souls means? More than thirty\nthousand cradles filled in a single year.\n\nThese men respect the Bible. They feel a superstitious regard for it;\nthey are not infidel people. They have a simple, childlike faith, and\nthe Bible word is to them final. Many things that many of us have to\ncontend with, the brethren there do not meet I mean in the field of\ninfidelity.\n\nThey have great respect for woman if she respects herself. I have the\nstatement of one of our workers in the South that a woman can go even\namong these men when they are drunk, and if she respects herself and has\nmaintained her character she is perfectly safe in their midst.\n\nThis same writer tells me of a young man who went out from one of their\nschools, and kept school in a certain place during the winter, When he\nreturned, he said: \"Nothing would tempt me to go back there again.\" Not\nso with the young ladies. It is one of the most astonishing signs of the\ntimes that really into the feeble hand of womanhood is given the key of\nthe situation. They respect these girls, they reverence them and give\nthem a place of dignity in their hearts. That makes it possible for\nthese women to do a large and splendid work in the South.\n\nOnce let these girls that come under the influence of our Christian\nNorthern women who go there as teachers, and the graduates of these\nvarious colleges and schools that we have planted, and are about to\nplant in the South; once let common womanhood in the South that has been\nso much under the heel of this oppression; once let girlhood feel the\npower that has come go girlhood, that to them as young women in the\ncradle of these hills, under this fair sky is given the power to turn\nover in not less than thirty or forty years this whole country for God\nand humanity, for enlightenment and for Christian peace;--once let that\nidea get into the minds of these girls, and we have not the same problem\nthat we have to-day.\n\nThere is good blood there as well. There is a man in Congress to-day,\nhonoring himself and his district and his nation, who went to school\nthere, and I know not for how many years wore but one garment. I call\nthat pretty good blood when from such circumstances a man can come up to\nsuch a large place.\n\nThere is a transition time with this whole section. New conditions are\nbeing put upon them. They feel the outside movement of the world. A\nfriend of mine is now in the South who has brought up a large quantity\nof lumber in a certain district, and when he finds the right man he will\nplant a school there. Coal and iron are being extensively worked. My\nbrother here (the Rev. S.E. Lathrop) tells me that near Cumberland Gap\nfour hundred houses have gone up within a very brief time, and over two\nthousand workmen are pushing into a section not before opened. It will\nnot come in an hour or in a day; but by and by, when these men face the\nnew life of our times, when they have once felt its pressure, and the\ntremendous disparity between their manner of living and the high kind of\nlife of Northern homes and Northern hearthstones, they will move, and a\nchange will come over the spirit of their dreams. Even now, the native\npreachers, who have been so hostile to our work, are coming to these,\nour pastors, and asking for light on the Bible. Furthermore, our pupils\nare going out and organizing county institutes, and the work is going on\neverywhere.\n\nThere is a dark side to it, but I praise God there is a bright side. It\nis like a dam. When the dam begins to go, it will go all at once. Youth\nis on our side. In thirty years we shall not have the same problem we\nhave now--no, not in twenty years. Wealth is coming in. A large tract of\neleven thousand acres, containing some of the finest coal that the world\nknows, is being developed. This means a great influx of population, and\nthis wealth is to be developed, and new material power is coming as an\nauxiliary to our spiritual power. This wealth is being converted. A man\nwho five years ago was a godless man, and who owns to-day one-seventh of\nthese eleven thousand acres of coal lands, was converted. He was made a\nSunday-school Superintendent, but he could not say the Lord's Prayer;\nyet he was determined that the Lord's Prayer should be repeated in that\nschool, and he hired a large number of small boys and gave them a dime\napiece and told them to learn the Lord's Prayer that week. They did so;\nand when Sunday came, with a chorus to back him, he came on as a solo\nperformer.\n\nA dear girl of my own acquaintance dressed, in one morning, fifteen or\nsixteen women and children. They came around her and felt her all over,\nand wondered at the complexity of her garments. I speak of this thing\nbecause it indicates that that old apathy is breaking up, and they are\ncoming to look at new things and feel a new interest in the life outside\nof themselves. And as this same dear girl taught from thirty to fifty of\nthese women, they listened eagerly, and the tears rolled down their\ncheeks, and they said to her, \"Oh, come and tell us more about Jesus,\nfor we want to be different kind of women, different kind of mothers.\"\n\nThere was one girl, coarse enough in fiber, heavy enough in build, gross\nenough in appearance, who came out to one of our commencements, and went\nback with the arrow in her heart, saying, \"I would give all the world if\nI had it, if I could write a piece and git up thar and read it like\nthem.\" She went home determined she would go to college. She was a large\ngirl, fifteen years old, yet did not know a single letter. She walked\nfifty miles nearly, and came and said to the college president that she\nwanted to work for her board, so that she could enter the school. What\ncould she do? He found that really she was incapacitated for doing\nanything; but she said, \"I can hoe corn like a nigger.\" Finally she was\nset at some sort of work, and that girl, after three or four years, went\nout as a school teacher into a district where young men dared not go,\nwhere her eyes were blistered with the sights she saw--men shot down\nbefore her face and eyes by the whisky distillers--and she was asked to\norganize a Sunday-school there. When any one starts a Sunday-school he\nis expected to preach, and so that girl had to become a preacher, and\nto-day she is preaching the gospel of God and spreading the work there.\nAnd yet she came from one of the very humblest classes.\n\nThere is a peaceful invasion of this people by themselves. This mission\nof the people to themselves is one of the most hopeful things about this\nwork. And when they realize that they have a mission, Pauline in spirit,\nunto their own people, then victory shall come to us.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nADDRESS OF REV. ADDISON P. FOSTER, D.D.\n\nThis Indian problem has been largely settled on its civil side. For many\nyears the friends of the Indians have been consulting together, and have\ndone their utmost to influence public opinion. And the Government has\nheeded the call--as it always does--of a widely extended and wise public\nsentiment; and, in consequence, our policy with regard to the Indian has\nbeen very largely re-shaped. To-day, by reason of the Dawes Bill, land\nis open to the Indians in severalty. There is a fair degree of law\nsecured for the Indians. The great questions pertaining to their outward\ncircumstances are under happy prospect of adjustment.\n\nBut, this being the fact, it simply increases the necessity laid upon us\nto meet the requirements of the present day. The door is open for the\nIndian to become a citizen; and in this land, whenever any man receives\nthe privileges of citizenship, it is incumbent upon us to see to it that\nhe is fitted for that sacred obligation by the church and by the school.\n\nThis is a necessity of our republic which we have recognized from our\nearliest day. When our fathers came to this land, they located side by\nside the school house and the church; and, wherever we have sought to\nopen the privileges of the suffrage, and the dignities, and honors, and\njoys of citizenship, to any class of people among us, we have always\nfelt it to be an imperative necessity to see to it that they had both\nthese sacred training schools, the educational institution and the\nreligious institution, side by side.\n\nNow to-day we have unusual opportunities. Everything seems to be coming\nto a focus in regard to our work for the Indians. Never has the time\nbeen so auspicious as it is to-day. Never have there been so many things\ncombining to show to us that if we are to improve the opportunity God\ngives us to care for the Indian--this man who held this land before we\ncame to it and from whom we have taken our possession--we must do it\nto-day. There are other great needs about us, other races and other\nclasses and other conditions; but there is no other class appealing so\nintensely to the sympathies of all our people to-day, as is the Indian.\nThis is one great explanation of the remarkable increase of the work of\nthis Association among the Indians. How did it ever spring from an\nexpenditure of $11,000 annually to $52,000, as it is to-day? Partly\nbecause the Government has been willing to aid, but still more because\nour people throughout the land have been intensely interested in the\nIndian and have been glad to help him. They have said by their gifts\nthat now is the time, and we must leap to improve this opportunity or\nelse it will slip away from us forever.\n\nIt is the conviction of your committee--and I can voice it most\nperfectly--that we must improve this opportunity before it is gone, and\nthat this people who have long suffered at the hands of their white\nbrethren have a claim to our earnest Christian sympathy and to our\nheartiest effort to put them upon their feet. They are more than ready,\nthey are anxious for our aid, they are crying to us for help.\n\nNow, let me say that the American Missionary Association has always felt\nthe importance of working in evangelistic lines. It would be nothing if\nit had not the church before it as an incentive. It works primarily\nthrough the school; but always with the thought that the school is\nsecondary, and that the church is the one great aim before it. And\nunless this incentive were before it, unless it recognized that its work\nwas to bring men to Christ, and to bind them together in Christian\nchurches, there would be but little to call for the great self-denials\nof Christian workers in the field and many Christian givers in the\ncountry at large. It is this thought that has ever been held up before\nit--the thought that the church and the school go together, and that the\nschool is simply the handmaid of the church. We recognize the fact that\nin Congregationalism especially, out of all forms of religious belief,\nwe cannot hope to make men earnest, effective Christians, caring for\nthemselves, managing their own affairs independently, and having in them\nthe heart to go out and work, unless we cultivate their minds as well.\nAnd so this Association has sought, and this body of Christians that\nrepresent the Association has sought, by gifts and by teaching, to\ndevelop the thought that there always should be an educational work\ngoing forward that there may be something to build upon. Christianity\nneeds education in order to give it its largest power.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nADDRESS OF REV. THOMAS L. RIGGS.\n\nIt was said of Dr. Williamson by an old Indian that he had an Indian\nheart. I, too, have an Indian heart, and I can lay claim to that\npossession as but few can. It would take but a very little while to go\nfrom here into the very midst of our present Indian field. It took my\nfather and Dr. Williamson, when they first entered the field, some six\nmonths to reach it. I could start to-morrow morning, and taking the cars\nin this city, and reaching Pierre by the following night, could be\nfarther off by Saturday, farther from the border of the mission field,\nthan my father and Dr. Williamson could after they had travelled six\nmonths.\n\nI would like to invite you to go with me on a tour of inspection of the\nmission field itself. I would take my two ponies and drive out to the\nCheyenne River, and take you to one of our out-stations, and show you\nsomething of the influences at work in the field to-day. As we went up\nthe valley, we would see the Indian village located there, and in the\nmidst, on a rising piece of ground, the mission station. Over some of\nthe houses we would see a red flag flying. That is a prayer, a votive\noffering; there are sick in that house, and that is a prayer to the gods\nthat healing may come, and that death may be kept from them. Over on the\nright we would see the dance-house--a great octagonal house with an open\nroof, in which the Indians gather night after night to dance to the\nmonotonous beating of the drum. That is a very common sound out in the\nIndian villages, bringing to us always that thought of slavery to evil.\nAs we go up to the station itself, we would see something more of the\nwork than you have as yet been able to see. If it be on the Sabbath, as\nwe go in we would see a young man there, with his audience before him,\nnot a very large audience--old men, old women, boys and girls--gathered\non the rough benches, and very much as they are in their own homes. Some\nof the old women have their hair down over their faces, the boys with\ndirty hands, old men with their dirty blankets, and yet they are\ngathered around there to hear the word of life. The preacher, as he\nstands before them, tells them of God's wonderful love, and takes as his\ntext that most wonderful verse in the Bible, \"God so loved the world\nthat he gave his only begotten Son.\"\n\nThen, as you look at the man who is preaching there, you would hardly\nrecognize in him one who thirteen years ago was a savage, a painted\nIndian. As I look at him it seems a most wonderful thing that such a\nchange has taken place. I knew him as a savage; a splendid fellow he\nwas, and he is now a more splendid man than ever he was a savage; and he\nis teaching the gospel of Christ to his own people. I have been out\nthere seventeen years, and if there were not another result to show for\nthose seventeen years of work than the lifting up of this Clarence Ward,\nand making of him a man in Christ Jesus, I should be abundantly\nsatisfied.\n\nThere is another influence of which I would speak, the influence of the\nhome. Here in our happy homes we know but very little of what that means\nto the Indian. An Indian has no home, in our sense of the word. Some\nyears ago I went with a party of Indians 175 miles west of the Missouri\nRiver in the middle of winter. We climbed a mountain and looked away to\nthe east. We could see, I should think, 150 miles, and the Indian as he\nsat there on the edge of a rock, covered his head up in a blanket and\ncried. Said he: \"This is my country, and we have had to leave it.\" That\nwas his idea of home--such a barren stretch as that, the snow glistening\nin the sunlight. The Dakota Indian lives in a region, not in a place.\nThe Christian home coming into the midst of a village carries there an\nideal of which the Indian knows nothing, and he is taught by the power\nof example day after day. The Christian woman in that home keeps her\nhouse clean, keeps her children clean, and stands there as a persistent\nexample of the power of the gospel of soap, just as the man himself\nthere who has become a Christian no longer steals horses. A party going\nout into an enemy's country would go as often for the sake of bringing\nback stolen horses, as they would for scalps. The man who has become a\nChristian is recognized at once as shut out from that privilege.\n\nReference has been made to the opening up of the reservation, and the\ncrisis is now upon us in connection with our Indian work. We have eleven\nmillion acres of land there just west of the Missouri River to be thrown\nopen for settlement. Do you know what that means? Were any of you down\nat Oklahoma this last season? It means the rush of a swarm of people,\ngood, bad and indifferent--chiefly bad and indifferent--and these\nsettlers will crowd themselves in as a wedge between the two divisions\nof the Indian reservation, and we shall have Indians both to the north\nand to the south. They will be exposed to influences from which they\nhave been kept as yet; influences which will tend to uplift in the\noutcome, as well as to degrade. I thank God for it. I thank God that he\nis bringing the white man into the midst of the Indian country. It may\nseem that this is a heroic remedy. So it is, but it is time for heroic\nremedies. We need to meet the question as it comes to us to-day. There\nis a ranchman out on Bad River, who tells me that there is no such thing\nas an Indian question. \"Why,\" said I, \"what are you talking about?\"\n\"There is no such thing,\" said he. I asked him how he explained it. \"The\nsimple thing to do is just to treat them as men, and that will be all\nthere is to it. That will settle it, and there will be no such thing as\nan Indian question.\" Treat them as men and make Christians of them, and\nwe will settle the whole thing.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nADDRESS OF REV. HENRY A. STIMSON, D.D.\n\nReferring to Dr. Goodwin's powerful address, I find myself transported\nagain to China; but the fact recurs to my mind that this is not a\nforeign missionary society, but a home missionary one, and what we have\nto do is to open our minds to the conviction that it is possible to do\nat home plenty of work for the Chinaman. I am glad to give a little\npersonal testimony because what we need most of all is to be convinced\nof the necessity to give time and strength and labor to win the\nindividual Chinaman to Christ. Not very long ago there came to my\nknowledge in St. Louis an ordinary Chinaman, comparatively a young man.\nHe joined our church and I knew he desired to be recognized as a\nChristian man. About a year before, he had been a member of a\nSunday-school where ladies were teaching Chinese. Before that our\nnewspapers had created great outcry about a case of leprosy in the city.\nThis Chinaman appeared at my house in great trepidation. He had been two\nor three years in this country, and had been saving his money in order\nto go back and see his mother's face before she would die, and he hoped\nto be able to return to China in the following fall. He had learned that\nthere was a Chinaman, unknown to him, lying ill in a little laundry, of\na disease of which nothing was known, without friends and without care.\nHe took care of this man, leaving his own work for the purpose, and at\nlength he came to me asking where he could get a physician to attend the\npatient. I gave him a note to one of the best physicians in my own\nchurch, who went at once and saw the man, and he seeing it was a strange\nform of disease, went to a specialist of skin diseases, who had the man\nbrought to a hospital in order to watch his disease. Rumors of this\nreaching the newspapers, the reporters thought it a good opportunity to\nmake a story about leprosy, giving the number and street of an imaginary\nlaundry in the heart of the city. Instantly the patronage of the Chinese\nlaundries stopped. My Chinese friend was in the greatest distress about\nit, and particularly about me, lest I should think he had brought the\ncontagious disease to my house. I could hardly persuade him to enter,\nand then he told me there was no truth in the story of the newspapers,\nand asked what he should do. What was the result of the story? The\nChinaman took care of his friend in the house and in the hospital,\npaying considerable for his care, and when he recovered sent him to San\nFrancisco--in fact, spent about $180 on him, the whole sum he had saved\nto take himself home to his mother, and he did this for a man who was as\nutterly unknown to him as to you or me. He also came to me with a $10\nbill to pay the doctor, saying it was not enough, but it was all the\nmoney he had, and he would add to it by and by. All we want is testimony\nas to the character of the Chinese. Here was a man not converted by\nMoody or by any service, but by the ministry of an unknown Sunday-school\nteacher; as the result of that simple agency he found a charity so\nChrist-like as to do work like this. That little Chinaman brought to me\nsome of his companions, asking me to do something to help them to be\nChristians, and as the result of his work a large Sunday-school is\nto-day in operation. There is abundance of such testimony, I believe, to\nbe furnished throughout our land, which we should have before our heart as\nan answer to the anti-Chinese mania which now and then sweeps over this\ncountry. Help us to carry the gospel to these men of unmeasured\npossibilities, whom God in his mercy has brought across the seas to\nplead at our doors.\n\nThis audience can help the Chinese in a better way than giving them\nmoney. That Chinaman was asked in my house the other day how many hours\nhe slept, and he said, \"Two or three.\" \"Are you ever troubled by\nhoodlums?\" \"Yes, every day. They break the windows. Last week they broke\ninto my laundry and stole five bundles of clothes, for which I had to\npay customers $20.\" \"Do you get no protection from the police?\" I asked\nhim. He shook his head--yes, sometimes, but they were no good. The\nChinese have the same right to life and liberty that we have, and if we\nget them that, they'll get the money fast enough themselves. We owe it\nto the Chinese that they get protection.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nADDRESS OF REV. E.P. GOODWIN, D.D.\n\nI rejoice that I can lift my voice at least in a word of commendation,\nif such a word seem in any sense to be needed, in the furtherance of\nthis particular kind of work. I remind myself sometimes that this very\ntone of apology is a tone that ought to set some of us, as ministers and\nas brethren, to reconsidering our conception of the gospel. Why,\nbeloved, suppose it were an admitted fact that for the next hundred\nyears not a solitary Chinaman would be converted. What then? Do you\nimagine that that fact would absolve us from allegiance to the commands\nof the Lord Jesus Christ? You will remind yourselves--I am sure I remind\nmyself often--that in respect to our Christian work, the breadth of it\nand the particular departments of it, we have absolutely no option\nwhatsoever: that when our Master said to his disciples, \"Go ye into all\nthe world and preach the gospel to every creature,\" he made no exception\nof those that might have almond eyes and yellow faces, nor of those that\nmight have black skins and woolly hair; that he took in, in that wide\nsweep of his omniscient vision, every nation and kindred under the whole\nsky, and that should exist until the kingdom itself should come.\n\nIf it could be demonstrated that it required ten times as much work and\nten times as much money to convert the Chinaman as anybody else, then\nall the more because of degradation and superstition and idolatry and\nhardness of heart--all the more must I storm the Gibraltar of that\npaganism. The Master's principle seemed to be, \"Give ye them to eat.\"\nThe fact of hunger is what lays the law upon the hearts of the\ndisciples; and by so much as men are more hungered--if there be one\nnation more so than another--by so much as they are nearer to starving\nfor the bread of life, by so much the more are your heart and my heart\ncalled upon in the name and in the sympathy of Jesus Christ, to respond\nto that cause. Those disciples of that early day might just as well have\nsaid, \"Master, we can not feed all these ten thousand. We will pick out\nthose around us, the nearest at hand. We won't touch that set of lepers\njust over there from Capernaum; we won't have anything to do with that\nother set of outcasts and vagabonds drifted in here, some of them from\nSamaria; we will have nothing whatever to do with these wretches from\nChorazin--gamblers and abandoned people of every sort.\"\n\nWhat do you think would have been his response to that sort of argument?\nI think if Peter had given him any such plea as that it would have cut\nhim off hopelessly from any apostleship. There would have been a new\nband of apostles that would have been instituted then and there that\nwere willing to take the Master's command, take Him as responsible for\nthe authority and for the result. They knew better; they knew Him\nbetter; and though they had their little scant loaves that would not\ngive a quarter of a crumb apiece to the great multitude, they said:\n\"That is not our responsibility; ours is to obey. It is His to furnish\nwhen the resources fail.\" Brethren, that is my theory of missions.\n\nDo you remember the little anecdote about Francis Xavier, that before he\nwent abroad as a missionary to China, while he was sleeping with his\nroom-mate one night, he startled him by rising in his sleep and throwing\nout his arms with great urgency, as he said, \"Yet more, oh, my God, yet\nmore!\" His comrade wakened him and asked him what he meant. \"Why,\" said\nhe, \"I was having a vision of things in the East. I was seeing\nmissionaries tortured; some of them were being burned, some of them were\nhaving their flesh torn from their bodies, and in many ways they seemed\nto be suffering in their testimony for Christ's sake. And as I looked,\nthe tears came to my eyes, and a voice said to me, 'That is what it will\ncost you if you go on this missionary tour. Are you willing to take the\ncost?' And I said, 'Oh, Lord Jesus; yet more, yet more, if I may win\nthese perishing souls.'\"\n\nBrethren, it is the call of the hour. These people may become, in my\njudgment, pre-eminently the missionary people. They have been called the\nYankees of the Orient. They are scattered every whither, in every\nquarter of the world. I think it ought to shame us to have less\nenthusiasm for these for whom Christ died than they of the Romish church\nin the palmiest days of its missionary zeal. God help us that we may\nstand true upon the Pacific coast and all through our land, and that for\nevery missionary church abroad there may be a score and a hundred. Dr.\nWilliams said, after thirty years' knowledge of the Chinese, that we\nmight evangelize China from one end of the empire to the other in half a\ncentury if we were in earnest. God help us that we may labor and pray\nfor the coming of such a day.\n\nNow I believe this: That, so far as the facts go, there is just as large\na percentage of results to be shown for work among the Chinese as for\nwork anywhere. Take it in our city, among some of the Chinese schools;\ntake it in San Francisco, take it in China itself. I received on\nSaturday last a letter from Mr. Gray, of Hong-Kong, speaking of a young\nman who had gone out from our church as his assistant in the work there.\nSaid he to me: \"He is one of the most valuable helpers I could have. He\nnot only stands fast by his work, but he also seems to have spiritual\ndiscernment to meet the peculiar difficulties we have to encounter, and\nthere are plenty of them. Here is a man, for instance, who says he would\nwhip his wife to death if he should hear of her accepting Christ. There\nis another, a mother, who would let her child starve if she thought it\nwas being taught the gospel of Jesus Christ. But among this people there\nis no more successful laborer that I know of than Sui Chung.\" I knew him\nwell. He came into our Chinese Sunday-school, which is held every\nSunday afternoon. I remember him distinctly, as giving, so far as I\ncould see, clear evidence of being born of the Spirit. And I bear\ntestimony to these young men now in my church--there are ten or a\ndozen of them--that, so far as I know them and so far as I have been\nable to talk with them in imperfect English or through Chinese\ninterpreters, their Christian experience is as satisfactory as that of\nany others. Nay, I will say more than that. I will venture to say that\nthe Chinese brethren in my church are more earnest. They sustain a\nChinese prayer-meeting regularly every Sunday of their own accord in\ntheir own language, and have kept it up ever since there were enough\nof them to be united together. I frequently look in and talk with\nthem; and there is one thing about these Chinese that I greatly\nrespect--I never saw them pull out their watches while I was speaking\nto them. I never saw any of them going to sleep; I never saw a look in\nthe face of one of them which indicated that he was not profoundly\ninterested. I was in their meeting last Sunday, and I told them about\nSui Chung. Most of these Chinese can read. Some of them are very\nfluent talkers, and some are very intelligent. I suppose we have a\nthousand or fifteen hundred in this city, and a very large proportion\nof them, they tell me, can read the Chinese Bible.\n\nNow, I have great respect for this people, if for nothing more than for\ntheir history. We have a petty hundred years of history. How many\nhundred have they? Any nation that can hold itself together for 4,000\nyears--or shall I say for more?--and that to-day constitutes nearly\none-quarter of the population of the earth, certainly deserves our\nrespect. Any people that can take our own handicrafts and beat us at\nthem--and they will do it in a good many directions, and make money,\neven though you may disapprove of their way of living--deserve our\nrespect. Any people that can furnish diplomates fitted to stand side by\nside with Bismarck and Gladstone, and our own embassadors say that they\ncan, certainly deserve our respect.\n\nOne thing more they desire of the Christian church, if it were only a\ndebt to be paid. I insist upon it, brethren, that at least Christian\nEngland and Christian America ought to pay back to them in missionary\nmoneys at least an amount equal to that of which we have robbed them by\nthe infamous opium traffic, and to-day it is people from Christian\nlands, more than anything else, who are furnishing the difficulties in\nthe way of the introduction of the gospel abroad.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nADDRESS OF PRESIDENT ALBERT SALISBURY.\n\nThere are values even in this world for which we have no expression, for\nwhich we have no definite standard, and of which we have no very clear\ncomprehension. They are values, none the less. But there is one standard\nof value of which I think it may be safely said the American people have\ncome into a very clear comprehension, that is, of the weight of the\nworking power of a dollar.\n\nMost of us know it by pretty thorough experience. We know what a dollar\ncosts, how hard it is to get, how hard it is to keep, how little we are\nliable to receive for it when it goes. And, let me say it, I believe\nthere are no people on this Western Continent who have any more exact,\ndefinite, clearly defined comprehension of what a dollar is, what it\nwill do, and what it will not do, than the managers of our missionary\nenterprises.\n\nThen, it is sometimes thought and sometimes said that these men who\nconduct church work and missionary work do not know much about dollars;\nthat a dollar, a thousand dollars, or a million dollars, is a very\nindefinite thing; and that they ask for a million dollars, or half a\nmillion dollars, with a great deal of nonchalance, as if it were merely\na matter of asking. It is not so. When this Finance Committee indorse\nthe recommendation of the National Council that half a million of\ndollars be raised for the work of this Association during the coming\nyear, they do it from a business point of view, and when the officers\nand managers of this Association second this demand, they know what it\nmeans. They know better than anybody else in the world knows how hard it\nis to get half a million of dollars. For some years I went up and down\nthrough the South and West in the service of this Association. I went in\nand out of the rooms at No. 56 Reade Street, New York, and I must have\nbeen very dull not to know pretty well the inside workings of this\nAssociation. I have been among workers on the field. I know how closely\neverything is reckoned, how carefully every penny is spent; and I know\nhow the demands of the work and the needs press upon the workers in the\nfield, so that they look back to those rooms in New York with the\nfeeling that somehow there is not a very great deal of liberality there,\nthat those officers pare very closely. But these workers in the field\nhave no such experience after all as the officers there at the centre of\nthings. Those members of the Executive Committee, those Secretaries and\nthe Treasurer, sitting there together, and facing the demands of the old\nwork and the new, have rolled upon them every day a sense of the value\nof money and of the need of economy such as even the workers in the\nfield can not comprehend. I have been there, I am now outside, and I am\nfree to say whatever I please; and I make bold to say to you here that\nthe work which is alive and growing must have the most money. Increased\ndemands must cost. It is a law of nature. Now, then, when this Finance\nCommittee come forward to indorse this recommendation that $500,000\ninstead of $375,000 be raised for the coming year, they do not at all\nreach the measure of the need.\n\nThere is only one thing necessary to get this money and more. It is a\npretty comprehensive thing. If upon the members of our churches in this\nland as clear a sense of the need of what ought to be done and can be\ndone could be brought as comes to those in contact with the work, the\nmoney would be forthcoming. How to make our people realize the facts in\nthis matter is the problem. Money will come when our people know how\nmuch it is needed, how profitably it is spent, and how grandly it pays\ndividends.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nADDRESS OF REV. WM. M. TAYLOR, D.D.\n\nLast Wednesday evening at the Prayer and Conference Meeting of the\nBroadway Tabernacle, one of the office-bearers of the church put this\nquestion to me: \"Can we hope to be instrumental in the conversion of the\nJews, so long as the present prejudice against God's ancient people\nexists among us?\" And that inquiry, taken in connection with the fact\nthat the Annual Meeting of the American Missionary Association was to be\nheld here this week, led me to examine the Word of God, that I might\ndiscover what incidental light is thrown on the subject of pride of race\nby its histories and other contents, and I mean to-night to put the\nresult of my examination before you.\n\nThe first and most striking instance of its manifestation which we come\nupon in Scripture is the treatment given by the Egyptians to the\nIsraelites. \"Every shepherd was an abomination to the Egyptians,\" so\nthey counted themselves superior to the Hebrews, and subjected them to\nthe greatest indignities, grinding them under the harshest oppression,\nand exacting from them, by the lash of the task-master, the most arduous\nlabor. But mark how their pride was rebuked and their cruelty punished,\nunder the moral and retributive government of God. Their land was\ndesolated by a series of plagues culminating in the death of the\nfirst-born, and the people whom they had oppressed made their escape\nfrom the most powerful empire then existing in the world, without\nthemselves striking a single blow. The Lord fought for them. Each of\nthese ten plagues was a Divine protest against that national pride which\narrogated to itself the exclusive right to power, privilege, immunity\nand possession, and which met its merited punishment that day, when \"the\nLord saved Israel out of the hand of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the\nEgyptians dead upon the seashore.\"\n\nBut the mention of the Hebrews in this connection may seem to some to be\nmost inappropriate. Were not they, it may be asked, virtually created\ninto a separate and exclusive nation, and taught to look upon themselves\nas God's peculiar people? Did not they become proverbial for their pride\nof race, and for saying on every occasion, \"We have Abraham to our\nfather,\" and were they not especially the Pharisees among the nations?\nNow it must be confessed that all these questions must be answered in\nthe affirmative, but when we widen our view and take into consideration\nthe great purpose of God in the formation and conservation of the Hebrew\ncommonwealth, we may see reason somewhat to modify our opinion. For the\nsettlement of the Jews in Canaan and their restriction within its limits\nwere not ends in themselves, but only means for the attainment of higher\nends which were to affect the moral and spiritual condition of \"all\npeople that on earth do dwell.\" The promise made to Abraham was in this\nwise: \"In thee and in thy seed shall all nations of the earth be\nblessed;\" and it was for the purpose of securing the fulfilment of the\nlatter part of that promise that a special and peculiar hedge was\nplanted around the vine which God had brought out of Egypt. It was not\nmeant to be a permanent arrangement, but was designed merely for a\ntemporary emergency, until, as Paul has said, \"the Seed should come\" to\nbless the world with his great salvation. It cannot, therefore, be\nquoted as furnishing a universal example, or as giving any divine\napproval to that pride of race of which we have been speaking. Moreover,\neven when the Hebrews were selected by God for this purpose, they were\ntold over and over again that they were not chosen for anything in\nthemselves, and that they had no reason to plume themselves on the fact\nthat they were chosen. And when they degenerated into self-conceit on\nthe ground of their having been so highly privileged, they were finally\ncast out of the land of promise. Nor is this all. In the system under\nwhich they were placed by Moses, they were taught to look with\nkindliness on those who came to sojourn among them, of whatever race\nthey might be. They were not, indeed, to be a missionary people, or to\nseek to induce others to settle among them, but if others came to dwell\nbeside them, hear how they were to treat them: \"Thou shalt neither vex a\nstranger nor oppress him, for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.\"\n\"And if a stranger sojourn with thee in the land, ye shall not vex him.\nBut the stranger that dwelleth with you shall be unto you as one born\namong you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in\nthe land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God. Love ye therefore the\nstranger, for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.\" (Exodus xxii. 21;\nLevit. xix. 33; xxv. 35; Deut. x. 19). Lay these commands alongside of\nrecent legislation among ourselves with reference to the Chinese, and\nthen see what God must think of that blot upon our statute book in this\nage of our boasted enlightenment.\n\nTake, again, the account of the singular retribution that came upon the\npeople in the days of David because of Saul's treatment of the\nGibeonites. These aborigines belonged to the ancient Canaanitish tribes,\nand were so astute as to impose even upon Joshua, and to obtain from him\na treaty on false pretenses. Still an agreement was made with them on\nthe terms that they should be permitted to live in the land, but that\nthey should be \"hewers of wood and drawers of water for the house of the\nLord.\" This contract was faithfully observed on both sides until the\ndays of Saul, who sought to slay them \"in his zeal to the children of\nIsrael and Judah.\" And what was the result? A famine lasting for three\nyears, which was only removed at last by the giving up, according to the\nancient practices of the Gibeonites, of seven of Saul's sons for\nexecution. Now there is much in that old history that is difficult for\nus at this distance of time, and ignorant as we are of the customs that\nprevailed among these tribes, to understand. But no one of us can read\nit without being reminded of our treatment of the Indian tribes that\nlinger among us still. Have we not broken almost every treaty that we\never made with them? Have we not said, unpityingly regarding them, that\ntheir destruction before the advance of civilization is inevitable? And\nhave we not forgotten that the God of the Gibeonites lives to be the\navenger of the Indians? If the hewers of wood and drawers of water were\nnot beneath his notice long ago, think you he does not see and chronicle\nthe wrongs of the Indians to-day, and shall not he render to every man\naccording to his works?\n\nBefore passing from the Old Testament to the New, I merely mention the\nfact that among the ancestors of the Lord Jesus Christ we find two\nbelonging to alien races, namely, Rahab of Jericho, and Ruth the\nMoabitess, whose very presence in that noble line is a prophecy of the\nglorious truth that the Son of David was to be also the Son of man, the\nSaviour of sinners of every name and nation, the kinsman of all races,\nthe brother of humanity, and that as he represents them all in his\npriestly intercession yonder, so in each of them we may see a\nrepresentative of him here and now upon the earth.\n\nBut now what may we learn from Christ himself in the New Testament? It\nis true that his personal ministry in the world was almost entirely\nconfined to the Jews. It had to be so limited at first, if his gospel\nwas to gather force for its triumphant march over the world at a later\nday; but even during his life in the world he came repeatedly in contact\nwith men and women of races other than that of the Jews, and always in\nsuch a way as to show his sympathy with them and love toward them. I\nremind you of his long and earnest conversation with the woman of\nSamaria, at the well of Sychar, and of the fact that she was a\ndescendant of that mixed nationality which sprung from the amalgam of\nthose heathen colonists that were sent by the King of Assyria to take\nthe places left vacant by the ten tribes whom he had carried away\ncaptive. I recall to your recollection, too, his eulogy on the Roman\ncenturion, and his constant exposure of the contemptuousness of the\nPharisees in their attitude not only toward the publicans and sinners of\ntheir own nation, but also toward Gentiles of every description. Think\nof his dealing with the Syrophoenician woman. She was a Canaanite of the\nold race, and, though at first he seemed to turn her away, yet\nultimately he gave her all she asked and more: and even his apparently\nabrupt treatment of her in the beginning, if I read the history aright,\nwas meant to be an exposure and condemnation of the feelings commonly\ncherished toward those of her nation by the Jews of his day. No doubt it\ntested and strengthened her own faith. But we must not forget that the\nwhole conversation with her was meant to teach a lesson to his disciples\nalso. It was part of their training for their future life work. It was a\nportion of their preparation for carrying his gospel to all nations. And\nso he spoke out their own thoughts about the women, holding up a mirror\nbefore them in which they might see themselves, when he said, \"It is not\nmeet to take the children's bread and cast it to dogs;\" and he\nultimately showed them that she was better far than many who would have\nspurned her from their presence. So from the kindness showed to aliens\nby the Lord himself, we may learn not only to beware of this leaven of\nthe Pharisees, but also to deal kindly and truly with men of every race,\nand make them sharers with us in the blessings of the gospel.\n\nBut thus far we have not come upon any case where the difference was one\nnot only of race but of color. Even here, however, we are not without\nscriptural instances to guide us. You remember that of Ebed-melech, the\nEthiopian. Jeremiah was, by the cruelty of his enemies, imprisoned in a\ndungeon or water tank, and was sunk in the mire at the bottom.\nEbed-melech, learning his condition, went and informed King Zedekiah of\nthe real state of the case, and obtained a command to take an escort of\nthirty men with him and deliver him from the dungeon lest he should die.\nSo with great tenderness the Ethiopian threw down rags to put under the\nropes which he let down, and by which he was to soften the pressures of\nthe cords under his arms as they drew him up therewith from his filthy\nprison; and after they had thus delivered him there came to the prophet\nthis message of God concerning him; \"Go and speak to Ebed-melech, the\nEthiopian, saying, Thus saith the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel:\nBehold, I will bring my words upon this city for evil, and not for good;\nand they shall be accomplished in that day before thee. But I will\ndeliver thee in that day, saith the Lord; and thou shalt not be given\ninto the hand of the men of whom thou art afraid. For I will surely\ndeliver thee, and thou shalt not fall by the sword, but thy life shall\nbe for a prey unto thee; because thou hast put thy trust in me, saith\nthe Lord.\" Here we have a kindness done by a colored man to Jeremiah,\nand a message sent from God to the colored man acknowledging and\nrewarding that kindness; but O! how many debts of that sort owed by men\namong ourselves to the colored people have been forgotten or repudiated!\nIn the agony of the war, colored people fought in the ranks of the\nNorthern armies; and I have heard those who have belonged to the\nConfederate side declare with tears in their eyes that the faithful\nwatch kept by their colored servants over their wives and families while\nthey were absent with the troops was beyond all praise. And yet in these\ndays we read every now and then of colored people shot down like dogs on\nthe slightest provocation, and prevented on the merest pretext from\nexercising the rights of citizens of this free Republic, and men look on\nand do nothing. But God may say something by and by, and when he speaks\nmen's ears shall tingle! We have another illustration of God's treatment\nof a colored man in the case of the Ethiopian treasurer. He was\nreturning from Jerusalem, where he had been at one of the great annual\nJewish feasts, and as he was riding in his chariot he was reading aloud\nto himself the book of the prophet Isaiah, when the evangelist Philip,\nspecially sent thither for the purpose by God's Spirit, addressed him,\nand on being asked to come into the carriage with him expounded to him\nthe meaning of the passage which he was reading, and preached the gospel\nfrom it unto him with such good effect that he was forthwith baptized on\nthe confession of his faith, and afterward went on his way rejoicing to\nfound that Ethiopian church which claims to this day to be one of the\nmost ancient Christian churches in the world. He was a man, for he was\nmoved by the truth as you and I have been, and he became a\nChristian--\"the highest style of man\"--to show us that, as Peter said,\n\"In every nation they that fear God and work righteousness are accepted\nof him.\" That which is highest in any man is his appreciation and\nacceptance of the gospel! of Christ, and wherever we see that\nappreciation we have not only a fellow man but a brother Christian, to\nbe treated by us as Paul requested Philemon to treat Onesimus--as \"a\nbrother beloved.\" Nor let any one suppose that there is a single race\nupon the earth that can not be so transformed and gladdened as this\nEthiopian was. Even Charles Darwin declared that after the Patagonians\nit could not be said that any race is too degraded for the gospel to\nelevate, and so he gave new emphasis, unwittingly, perhaps, but, if so,\nall the more strongly, to the words addressed to Peter on the housetop:\n\"What God hath cleansed that call not thou common;\" or those of Paul in\none of his epistles: \"For there is neither Jew nor Greek, there is\nneither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female, for ye are all\none in Christ Jesus.\"\n\nThis topic is at present greatly occupying the attention of the\nChristian churches in our land. It was before the General Assembly of\nthe Presbyterian Church in May last, and has been again discussed at the\nmeeting of the Council of Congregational churches in Worcester three\nweeks ago, and in the Triennial Convention of the Protestant Episcopal\nChurch, which has just closed its sessions in New York. I will not seek\nto criticise or to characterize the decisions at which these bodies have\narrived, save to say that in my judgment the Presbyterian Assembly faced\nthe difficulty more thoroughly, and disposed of it more courageously,\nthan either of the others. But I will say that there is only one\nsolution of a question of this sort. Every Christian, when he comes to\nthink on it seriously, must feel that to be the case. No compromise will\nsatisfy either party to it or will please God, and any settlement to be\npermanent must be in harmony with the inspired statement that \"God hath\nmade of one blood all the nations that dwell upon the face of the\nearth.\" But such a result can not be brought about either in the state\nor in the churches merely by legislation. You can not compel either by\nphysical or moral constraint the different races to meet on terms of\nsocial equality. No doubt you can, and you ought to see to it, that men\nof all races stand precisely on the same platform before the law and\nhave the same protection from the law. But to get rid of a prejudice you\nmust take a different method. You can not uproot that all at once. The\nremoval of that must be the result of education and of spiritual growth.\nBut when I speak of education I must add that it is not the colored\npeople alone that need to be educated here. The white people of all our\ncities, whether North or South, require education as well. They need to\nbe taught that the Negro is a man, for at bottom that is not more than\nhalf believed by multitudes. They need to be taught that the Negro may\nbecome a Christian, and that there are possibilities of Christian\nmissionary enterprise in his race that are absolutely incalculable. They\nneed to be taught to look upon the different races of Indians, Chinese\nand Africans among us as dignified and ennobled by Christ's incarnation,\nand as purchased by his sacrificial blood equally with themselves. They\nneed to look upon the Christianized among them as brethren in Christ,\nand then the rest will come of itself.\n\nThere has been great progress in these recent years toward the result of\nwhich I speak. The present agitation concerning the color-line, as it is\ncalled, is itself an indication of progress, and the day assuredly will\ndawn when men of all nationalities and names shall come from the East\nand from the West, from the North and from the South, and sit down with\nAbraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob in the kingdom of our Father. But if\nwe as a Nation cultivate the spirit of the Pharisees, and continue to\ndespise those who are \"guilty of a skin not colored like our own,\" we\nmay be sure that he who visited the Hebrew nation for their treatment of\nthe Gibeonites will send also some nemesis on us.\n\nI can not but feel, beloved brethren, that in these meetings which\nto-night come to a close, something has been done to help forward that\nresult which under the guidance of the Scriptures we all believe to be\nthe right one. We have had a series of most delightful conferences. Now\nlet us go back to our homes determined to take the seminal truths which\nhave been presented to us here, and scatter them wherever we are called\nto labor. The seed may seem to be but a handful, and the soil may seem\nunpromising as the rocky mountain tops--but be sure the result will be a\nharvest that will shake like the cedars of Lebanon. And though it may\nseem a little incongruous to quote from the Scottish poet--would that\neverything he wrote were of as pure and lofty an inspiration--I will\nventure to conclude with his well-known lines:\n\n     \"Then let us pray that come it may,\n       As come it will for a' that,\n     That man to man the world over\n       Shall brithers be for a' that.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBUREAU OF WOMAN'S WORK\n\nMISS D.E. EMERSON, SECRETARY.\n\nThe Annual Meeting of the Bureau of Woman's Work of the American\nMissionary Association, held on Thursday afternoon in the church during\nthe session of the business meeting in the chapel, was one of unusual\ninterest. Following the Report of the Secretary, there were interesting\naddresses by missionaries, and a very effective address by Mrs. Geo. M.\nLane, of Detroit, Michigan, who presided.\n\nThe Report and some of the addresses will be published in separate\nleaflets, and may be had by application to Miss Emerson at 56 Reade St.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPORT OF SECRETARY.\n\nA look backward over the twelve months since our last annual gathering\nreveals much of interest and encouragement, that should fill our hearts\nwith gratitude that our woman's work has had such an influence in\nbringing light and gladness to thousands of women and children, whose\nlives have been cast in the dark portions of our Christian land. So\nlarge an element of Woman's Work enters into the plan upon which the\nfield of the American Missionary Association is operated, and it is so\ninterwoven with the entire structure of its missions, that any report of\nit as separate and distinct can be only partial. And yet with the more\nsystematic organization of woman's work in the raising of funds, we have\nbeen able to assign special woman's work on mission ground, with most\nsatisfactory results, for to have a particular school or missionary has\nstimulated the givers, and has brought courage and comfort to the\nmissionaries who have been thus sustained.\n\nOur Woman's Work. What is it? Whom is it for? Who should do it?\n\nWhat is it? It is to take to heathen mothers and sisters here in our own\ncountry the glorious news of salvation for _them_; to bring the light\nand truth of the Gospel to those who are groping in the fog of\nsuperstition and a wrong conception of Bible truth; to plant the\nChristian school; to establish the Christian home as an object lesson;\nto show mothers how to train their children to honor and obedience, to\nmingle with the needy and helpless, and by sympathy and tact secure such\nchanges in the homes as will lead to their permanent improvement; in a\nword, to follow the example of our Lord Jesus, by living and teaching\nthe blessings of intelligence and godliness among those in our home-land\nfor whose improvement and well-being we are peculiarly responsible. The\nAmerican Missionary Association has ninety-four schools, and in most of\nthese more women than men are engaged. It is the duty of the missionary\nteacher to avail herself of every opportunity which her relation with\nher scholars affords, either in day or boarding school, to inculcate\nChristian truth, to warn against the evils which she finds common among\nthe people, to teach by example and precept the living Word, as\nmanifested in the life of Christ. The wonderful change wrought in those\nwho are brought under the influence of such consecrated missionaries,\ntestifies to the value of woman's work in missions.\n\nBut who are these for whom we are peculiarly responsible, and why is\nthere so especial need of _woman's_ work?\n\nThey are our eight millions of negroes, of whom probably not more than\none-fourth may be said to have felt the corrective influence of the\nGospel upon their lives. Perhaps only those who have come in contact\nwith these people for the _sole purpose of helping_ them to manhood and\nwomanhood, can comprehend the tremendous incubus of bad habits, stunted\ngrowth, blunted susceptibilities, with which they struggle. It is\npainful to note the limitations of those even who have had the best\nadvantages. Yet they are ever reaching upward, and the struggle is\nbringing out noble qualities of character, showing the possibilities of\nthe race. We have had a goodly recompense for Christian labor among\nthem, and does not this increase our responsibility for the\nthree-fourths that are yet to be helped to a good understanding of\nthemselves and their duty toward man and God? And no one will question\nthat in the development of the best _womanhood_ there rests the surest\nhope of the elevation of this wronged, and even now, greatly oppressed\npeople.\n\nBut our woman's work finds also its mission among the needy whites of\nthe South. It seems almost incredible that there should be found, within\nthirty-six hours' ride of our Northern towns, so dotted with schools and\nchurches and Christian homes, a section of our country where there have\nbeen in hiding, in the ravines and on the mountain sides, two or more\nmillions of our American people, in gross ignorance and superstition.\nBut such is the case, and as always, the women are the greatest\nsufferers. Doubtless the Negroes have the largest claim upon us, because\nof their past history, their present wrongs, and their great numbers,\nwhich have become so startling as to make it imperative that we yield no\njot of advantage gained, but rather increase our efforts every year for\ntheir intellectual and moral improvement. Yet the work for the mountain\nwhites is _just now_ especially urgent. A missionary of much experience\nexpresses the view, that if we can bring the forces of Christian\neducation to bear mightily upon these mountain people for the next ten\nyears, they will themselves become a power as our allies in the great\nbattles of the future against immorality and false doctrines. A few\nweeks since I met in North Carolina near the Great Smoky Mountains a\nmother and daughter, the latter about eighteen years old. A school for\nmountain girls had been opened there, and the daughter had attended the\nlast year. On entering she could not read a word, but now was in the\nFourth Reader, and studying arithmetic and geography. The rich, soft\ncolor that came to her cheeks, and the kindling light of her eyes, told\nof the brightness this school had brought into her life; this Christian\nschool, for here too, she had learned the way of eternal life. Even the\nmother's eyes sparkled like stars as she looked with admiration upon her\n\"learned\" daughter.\n\nBut our door stands wide open also towards the Indians and Chinese, and\nall the arguments that appeal to us so strongly for the disenthrallment\nof women in heathen lands, appeal with equal, yea greater force for the\nheathen in our own land, whom the _Gospel only_ can make free.\n\nSuch is our great and urgent call for work for woman in the field of the\nAmerican Missionary Association. Who should do it, and how? Who but the\nChristian women of our churches, either directly or by substitutes? Some\ncan go, of those who have prepared themselves for the highest and best\nquality of Christian service. They should be thoroughly trained and\ndisciplined teachers, but not this alone. Every teacher should be a\ncareful and intelligent Bible student, able to instruct from the word of\nGod, practical and earnest, self-sacrificing and co-operative, ready to\ndo what seems most necessary, even though it should not call into action\nher finest mental qualities. Let those who cannot go, send a substitute,\nbut let none fail to seize the opportunity for a part in this blessed\nwork, for the salvation of our country, and its protection as a\nChristian land.\n\nThere are now twenty-six State organizations for Woman's Work in our own\ncountry through our Congregational Churches, which co-operate in the\nwork of the American Missionary Association. Some have increased their\ncontributions during the past year; others have not fallen below the\nstandard they had fixed for this field, but have not made any annual\nadvance. With a very few, co-operation has not yet extended beyond a\nstudy of our work. But a study of the field is encouraging, for a\nknowledge of the need brings responsibility to do all possible to meet\nit, and soon we trust these also will be contributing Unions. To\nfacilitate the study of our field, our monthly magazine has been sent\nfree to many ladies' societies, our literature has been distributed, and\nmore than sixteen thousand copies of missionary letters have been\ncirculated among the ladies. Would not the value of organization be\nshown in the larger flow of funds annually for a work of such pressing\nnecessity as this? We rejoice that some have already demonstrated this\nvalue of united effort. More than one State Missionary Union,\nrecognizing the importance of this work and remembering that in drawing\nupon the benevolence of all the Congregational Ladies' Societies in the\nState, it should not do a small thing, has raised the support of four or\nmore missionary teachers for an entire school. And the officers of the\nUnion have taken pains to stir up the pure minds of the ladies in each\nauxiliary by way of remembrance of this particular field.\n\nBut there are those not in the State organizations, whose help we\nrecord, as Sunday-schools and Christian Endeavor Societies. Many such\nhave during the year asked for a special object for their contributions.\nWhat can the Secretary do? The particular things that can be\naccomplished with forty or fifty or seventy dollars are indeed few, but\nthese sums combined may sustain a missionary for a year. So each such\ncontribution is made a share of the four hundred dollars necessary for\nthe purpose, and something definite is accomplished. What is it? This. A\nfaithful Christian woman is sent to the field, where, in a neat cottage,\nshe makes her home life an object lesson to the colored people or the\nmountain whites or the Indians for many miles around. Their homes begin\nto improve. Her day school, held in the little church near by, attracts\nnot only children, but young men and women, and even young married\npeople. A Christian Endeavor Society is formed. The Sunday-school and\nchurch take a new start under her teachings. Other Sunday-schools and\nChristian societies are maintained through her influence, and so the\nsmall contributions accomplish a large work.\n\nPrivate individuals also have aided us. What a blessed privilege to be\nable out of one's own income to put worthy missionaries into such a\nfield.\n\nThere has been an increase in aid rendered in sewing, a form of help\nthat is very valuable in keeping our boarding schools and mission homes\nfurnished, our sewing schools provided with basted work, and clothing\nready for worthy but needy students. As with money, so with sewing, we\ncould use wisely very much more than has been received.\n\nWe acknowledge also the kindness of ladies in furnishing books and\npapers adapted to the need. The young people, especially among the\nNegroes, are acquiring a taste for reading, and with their emotional and\nexcitable natures, they take readily to sensational literature, with its\nstartling illustrations. A neighborhood or society collection of books\nand papers will usually contain some of such a stamp, and you maybe sure\nthey will not always discriminate in favor of the most instructive\nreading. Therefore select for them as you would for your own sons and\ndaughters, what is attractive and healthful, and withhold all else.\n\nAnd now we are just starting upon a new year. Four hundred and\nseventy-six laborers have been called into the missionary ranks of the\nAmerican Missionary Association. One hundred and ninety missions are in\noperation, with their widening influence and ever growing needs. Of our\none hundred and forty-two churches there are fifty-seven which have not\nat present any Northern missionary associated with them. The difference\nin the development of these churches, as contrasted with those which\nhave the influence and help of Northern teachers, is so marked, as to\nconstitute a most urgent appeal for more missionaries--faithful\nwomen--to gather in the young people, interest and instruct them, to\nlive among them, an example of economy and thrift in housekeeping, of\nneighborly kindness, of faithfulness in church obligations and of\nconsistent Christian life. I do not hesitate to affirm that in the\nfield of the American Missionary Association such provision is next in\nimportance to the preached word. Neither can take the place of the\nother. Either is at a disadvantage without the other. And yet there are\nfifty-seven of these mission stations this year, _now_, without such\nbeneficent woman's ministry, waiting only for additional funds, the new\nmoney necessary to provide reinforcements.\n\nI appeal to you, Christian women, in your organized capacity as State\nUnions; and as individuals--stewards to whom perchance our Lord has\nentrusted a goodly inheritance--for help to the American Missionary\nAssociation in this almost overwhelming responsibility. Send us the\nmissionaries for these needy fields.\n\nI appeal to you in behalf especially of the wronged and helpless women\nand girls of these ten millions of our own countrymen, American born,\nwhose only hope is in the sympathy and the help of the Christian people\nof our own land. We do not live in the day of small things, but of great\nneeds and large opportunities. Surely now, if ever, is the time to\n\"enlarge the place of thy tent and stretch forth the curtains of thy\nhabitation. Spare not, lengthen thy cords and strengthen thy stakes,\nthat thou mayest spread abroad on the right hand and on the left, and\npossess the nations of our land.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWOMAN'S STATE ORGANIZATIONS.\n\nCO-OPERATING WITH THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.\n\n\nMAINE.\n\nWOMAN'S AID TO A.M.A.\n\n  Chairman of Committee--Mrs. C.A. Woodbury, Woodfords, Me.\n\n\nVERMONT.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. A.B. Swift, 167 King St., Burlington.\n  Secretary--Mrs. E.C. Osgood, 14 First Ave., Montpelier.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. Wm. P. Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury.\n\n\nMASSACHUSETTS AND RHODE ISLAND.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.[1]\n\n  President--Mrs. Alice Freeman Palmer, Cambridge, Mass.\n  Secretary--Miss Nathalie Lord, 32 Congregational House, Boston.\n  Treasurer--Miss Ella A. Leland, 32 Congregational House, Boston.\n\n\nCONNECTICUT.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. Francis B. Cooley, Hartford.\n  Secretary--Mrs. S.M. Hotchkiss, 171 Capitol Ave., Hartford.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. W.W. Jacobs, 19 Spring St., Hartford.\n\n\nNEW YORK.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. Wm. Kincaid, 483 Greene Ave., Brooklyn.\n  Secretary--Mrs. Wm. Spalding, 6 Salmon Block, Syracuse.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. L.H. Cobb, 59 Bible House, New York City.\n\n\nOHIO.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. J.G.W. Cowles, 417 Sibley St., Cleveland.\n  Secretary--Mrs. Flora K. Regal, Oberlin.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. Phebe A. Crafts, 95 Monroe Ave., Columbus.\n\n\nINDIANA.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. C.B. Safford, Elkhart.\n  Secretary--Mrs. W.E. Mossman, Fort Wayne.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. C. Evans, Indianapolis.\n\n\nILLINOIS.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. B.F. Leavitt, 409 Orchard St., Chicago.\n  Secretary--Mrs. C.H. Taintor, 151 Washington St., Chicago.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. C.E. Maltby, Champaign.\n\n\nIOWA.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. T.O. Douglass, Grinnell.\n  Secretary--Miss Ella E. Marsh, Box 232, Grinnell.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. M.J. Nichoson, 1513 Main St., Dubuque.\n\n\nMICHIGAN.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. George M. Lane, 47 Miami Ave., Detroit.\n  Secretary--Mrs. Leroy Warren, Lansing.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. E.F. Grabill, Greenville.\n\n\nWISCONSIN.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. H.A. Miner, Madison.\n  Secretary--Mrs. C. Matter, Brodhead.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. C.C. Keeler, Beloit.\n\n\nMINNESOTA.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY.\n\n  President--Mrs. E.S. Williams, Box 464, Minneapolis.\n  Secretary--Miss Gertude A. Keith,\n    1350 Nicollet Ave., Minneapolis.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. M.W. Skinner, Northfield.\n\n\nNORTH DAKOTA.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY.\n\n  President--Mrs. A.J. Pike, Dwight.\n  Secretary--Mrs. Silas Daggett, Harwood.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. J.M. Fisher, Fargo.\n\n\nSOUTH DAKOTA.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. A.H. Robbins, Bowdle.\n  Secretary--Mrs. T.M. Jeffris, Huron.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. S.E. Fifield, Lake Preston.\n\n\nNEBRASKA.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. T.H. Leavitt, 1216 H. St., Lincoln.\n  Secretary--Mrs. L.F. Berry, 724 No. Broad St, Fremont.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. D.E. Perry, Crete.\n\n\nMISSOURI.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. C.L. Goodell, 3006 Pine St., St. Louis.\n  Secretary--Mrs. E.P. Bronson, 3100 Chestnut St., St. Louis.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. A.E. Cook, 4145 Bell Ave., St. Louis.\n\n\nKANSAS.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY.\n\n  President--Mrs. F.J. Storrs, Topeka.\n  Secretary--Mrs. George L. Epps, Topeka.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. J.G. Dougherty, Ottawa.\n\n\nCOLORADO AND WYOMING.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. J.W. Pickett, White Water, Colorado.\n  Secretary--Miss Mary L. Martin, 106 Platte Ave.,\n    Colorado Springs, Colorado.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. S.A. Sawyer. Boulder, Colorado.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. C.T. Goodell, 24th and Eddy Sts.,\n    Cheyenne, Wyoming.\n\n\nSOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. Elijah Cash, 927 Temple St., Los Angeles.\n  Secretary--Mrs. H.K.W. Bent, Box 426, Pasadena.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. H.W. Mills, So. Olive St., Los Angeles.\n\n\nCALIFORNIA.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY.\n\n  President--Mrs. H.L. Merritt, 686 34th St., Oakland.\n  Secretary--Miss Grace E. Barnard, 677 21st. St., Oakland.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. J.M. Havens, 3329 Harrison St., Oakland.\n\n\nLOUISIANA.\n\nWOMAN'S MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. R.D. Hitchcock, New Orleans.\n  Secretary--Miss Jennie Fyfe, 490 Canal St., New Orleans.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. C.S. Shattuck, Hammond.\n\n\nMISSISSIPPI.\n\nWOMAN'S MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. A.F. Whiting, Tougaloo.\n  Secretary--Miss Sarah J. Humphrey, Tougaloo.\n  Treasurer--Miss S.L. Emerson, Tougaloo.\n\n\nALABAMA.\n\nWOMAN'S MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. H.W. Andrews, Talladega.\n  Secretary--Miss S.S. Evans, 2612 Fifth Ave., Birmingham.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. G. Baker, Selma.\n\n\nFLORIDA.\n\nWOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Mrs. S.F. Gale, Jacksonville.\n  Secretary--Mrs. Nathan Barrows, Winter Park.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. L.C. Partridge, Longwood.\n\n\nTENNESSEE AND ARKANSAS.\n\nWOMAN'S MISSIONARY UNION OF THE CENTRAL SOUTH ASSOCIATION.\n\n  President--Miss M.F. Wells, Athens, Tenn.\n  Secretary--Miss A.M. Cahill, Nashville, Tenn.\n  Treasurer--Mrs. G.S. Pope, Grand View, Tenn.\n\n\nNORTH CAROLINA.\n\nWOMAN'S MISSIONARY UNION.\n\n  President--Miss E. Plimpton, Chapel Hill.\n  Secretary--Miss A.E. Farrington, Raleigh.\n  Treasurer--Miss Lovey Mayo, Raleigh.\n\n     [Footnote 1: For the purpose of exact information, we note\n     that while the W.H.M.A. appears in this list as a State body\n     for Mass. and R.I., it has certain auxiliaries elsewhere.]\n\nWe would suggest to all ladies connected with the auxiliaries of State\nMissionary Unions, that funds for the American Missionary Association\nbe sent to us through the treasurers of the Union. Care, however,\nshould be taken to designate the money as for the American Missionary\nAssociation, since _undesignated funds will not reach us_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nRECEIPTS FOR OCTOBER, 1889.\n\n\nTHE DANIEL HAND FUND,\n\n_For the Education of Colored People._\n\nFROM\n\nMR. DANIEL HAND, GUILFORD, CONN.\n\nIncome from October, 1889,                    $960.00\n\n                                             ========\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCURRENT RECEIPTS.\n\n\nMAINE, $165.76.\n\nAlfred. Cong. Ch.                               11.56\n\nBangor. Corelli W. Simpson. Engravings\n  for Hospital, _Fort Yates, Dak._\n\nEllsworth. Mrs. Phelps,\n  _for Teachers' Home, Lexington, Ky._           1.00\n\nFryeburg. Cong. Ch.                             10.54\n\nGreenville. Cong. Ch., 15.55,\n  and Sab. Sch., 12                             27.55\n\nIsland Falls. Cong. Ch.                         10.00\n\nLitchfield Corners. Cong. Ch.                   12.00\n\nNew Castle. Second Cong. Ch., to const.\n  S.D. WYMAN and MRS. AURANUS MILLEE L.M's      60.00\n\nPatten. Cong. Ch.                               15.00\n\nPortland. George C. Frye, Chemist, Medicines,\n  val. 15.06, _for Hospital, Fort Yates, Dak._\n\nSouth Bridgton. Cong. Ch. and Sab. Sch.         17.11\n\nWells. \"A Friend.\"                               1.00\n\n\nNEW HAMPSHIRE, $274.05.\n\nAlstead. Cong. Ch.                               9.00\n\nCanaan. Mary A. George                           5.00\n\nFranklin. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                    20.00\n\nGreat Falls. Ladies' Home Miss'y Soc.           10.00\n\nHanover. Dartmouth College Cong. Ch.            67.20\n\nMason. Cong. Ch.                                 5.30\n\nNashua. First Cong. Ch.                         20.00\n\nNew Ipswich. Proceeds of Children's Fair\n  (2 of which _for Indian M._)                  10.80\n\nPelham. Cong. Ch.                               35.00\n\nPembroke. First Cong. Soc.                      18.25\n\nPeterboro. Union Evan. Ch.                      31.50\n\nPortsmouth. \"In as much Circle\" of King's\n  Daughters of North Ch., _for furnishing\n  room, Girl's Hall, Pleasant Hill, Tenn._      30.00\n\nRaymond. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                     12.00\n\n\nVERMONT, $217.20.\n\nBenson. Cong. Ch.                               16.80\n\nBethel. Cong. Ch.                                2.56\n\nBrandon. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                      6.00\n\nBrattleboro. Center Cong. Ch.                   81.00\n\nEssex Junction. Cong. Ch. and Soc.              16.00\n\nGuildhall. Cong. Ch.                             3.50\n\nHubbardton. D.J. Flagg                           5.00\n\nNewport. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                      8.50\n\nSharon. A Friend, 1; \"X.\", 1                     2.00\n\nSharon. Communion Service, _for Jonesboro,\n  Tenn._\n\nSpringfield. F.V.A. Townsend, to const\n  MRS. ISABELLA WATERMAN L.M.                   30.00\n\nTownsend. Mrs. H. Holbrook                       1.00\n\nWest Brattleboro. Cong. Ch.                     14.84\n\nWestminster. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                 14.00\n\nWestminster. West. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch.,\n  _for McIntosh, Ga._                           16.00\n\n\nMASSACHUSETTS, $4,599.69.\n\nAmherst. First Cong. Ch.                        30.00\n\nAndover. Phillips Academy _for Boys' Hall,\n  Pleasant Hill, Tenn._                         25.00\n\nAndover. \"Pansy Band,\" _for Pleasant Hill,\n  Tenn._                                        16.72\n\nBeverly. Sab. Sch. of Dane St. Cong. Ch.,\n  _for Student Aid, Fisk U._                    25.12\n\nBoston. Woman's Home Miss'y Soc., 400,\n      _for Woman's Work_;\n      35 from Shawmut Mite Soc.,\n      _for Indian Sch'p._           435.00\n\n    \"A Friend In Boston,\"\n      _for Building Fund,\n      Pleasant Hill, Tenn._         250.00\n\n    Woman's Home Miss'y Ass'n        30.00\n\n  Dorchester. Second Cong. Ch.       95.87\n\n    Mrs. Walter Baker, 30, Mr.\n      Hardwick, 10, Mrs. Means, 10,\n      Mrs. Wales, 5, Miss Carruth, 5,\n      Miss Salmon, 5                 65.00\n\n    \"Friends,\" by A.C. Hopkins,\n      _for Pleasant Hill, Tenn._     60.00\n\n    Harvard Cong. Ch.                37.40\n\n    Mrs. Eliza Bicknell               4.00\n\n  Roxbury. Highland Cong. Ch.,\n      _for Indian M._                15.00\n\n    Ladies of Immanuel Ch., _for\n      Freight on Bbl. to Pleasant\n      Hill, Tenn._                    2.00\n\n    Im. Ch., Mrs. M.M. Graham         1.00\n\n  West Roxbury. South Evan. Ch.      24.51\n\n                                   -------   1,019.78\n\nBrimfield. First Cong. Ch.                       8.64\n\nBrookline. Harvard Ch.                          57.38\n\nBrockton. Porter Evan. Ch. and Soc., to const.\n  CHAS. H. REYNOLDS, SIDNEY E. NICKERSON\n  and MRS. JANE B. JENNINGS L.M's              104.48\n\nCambridge. Mrs. C.A. Phelps' S.S. Class,\n  _for Pleasant Hill, Tenn._                    10.00\n\nCambridgeport. Pilgrim Ch., 97.14;\n  First Cong. Ch., 1                            98.14\n\nCampello. Mrs. S.A. Southworth, _for Freight\n  on Boxes to Chapel Hill, N.C._                 3.00\n\nCharlestown. Winthrop Cong. Ch. and Soc.        66.12\n\nChelsea. First Cong. Ch., 38.50;\n  Sab. Sch. of First Cong, Ch., 15              53.50\n\nConcord. Trin. Cong. Ch.                        22.54\n\nEast Cambridge. Miss M.F. Aiken,\n  _for Pleasant Hill, Tenn._                     4.00\n\nEverett. Cong. Ch.                              39.74\n\nFitchburg. Rollstone Cong. Ch.                  80.00\n\nFramingham. Mrs. Elizabeth E. Guernsey,\n  _for Mountain Work_                            1.00\n\nFranklin. Y.P.S.C.E. of First Cong. Ch.,\n  _for Grand View, Tenn._                       15.00\n\nGardner. First Cong. Ch., to const\n  CHAS. F. READ and MRS. SETH HEYWOOD L.M's     60.00\n\nGreenfield. Second Cong. Ch.                    58.95\n\nGroton. Union Cong. Ch.                        145.80\n\nHarvard. Cong. Ch.                              15.00\n\nHaverhill. Mary Merrill, Package Patchwork,\n  _for Sew. Sch., Sherwood Tenn._\n\nHolliston. \"Bible Christians,\" 47;\n  Cong. Ch. and Soc. 40.50                      87.50\n\nHousatonic. Cong. Sab. Sch.                     50.45\n\nHyde Park. First Cong. Ch.                      24.00\n\nLawrence. Trinity Ch., _for Freedmen and\n  Indian M._                                    32.19\n\nLawrence. United Cong. Ch.                       5.00\n\nLee. \"Friendly.\"                                 1.50\n\nLudlow Center. First Cong. Ch., Ladies' Soc.,\n  _for Tougaloo U._                             10.00\n\nMansfield. Ladies' Miss'y Soc.                  10.00\n\nMedfield. Second Cong. Ch.                      78.38\n\nMilton. First Cong. Ch.                         30.50\n\nMiddleboro. Central Cong. Ch., 46.73;\n  First Cong. Ch., 13.14                        59.87\n\nNewton. Eliot Ch., 120;\n  First Cong. Ch., 75.08                       195.08\n\nNewton Center. Mrs. Sarah C. Davis,\n  _for Indian M._                              200.00\n\nNorfolk. Union Cong. Ch.                         5.60\n\nNorth Attleboro. Frank Bennett,\n  _for Mountain Work_                            5.00\n\nNorth Brookfield. Union Cong. Ch.               13.18\n\nNorth Chelmsford. Second Cong. Ch.              21.00\n\nNorth Leominster. Ch. of Christ                 21.43\n\nNorthampton. A.L. Williston, 170;\n  \"A Friend,\" 9, _for Pleasant Hill, Tenn._    179.00\n\nNorthampton. Edwards Ch. Benev. Soc.           160.00\n\nNorth Middleboro. Cong. Ch. and Soc.            32.65\n\nOxford. Woman's Miss'y Soc., _for Freight\n on 3 Bbl's. to Kittrell, N.C._                  6.50\n\nOxford. \"Oxtord.\"                                5.00\n\nPeabody. Second Cong. Ch., 5; West\n  Branch of Second Cong. Ch., 2.75               7.75\n\nReading. Cong. Ch.                              18.00\n\nRandolph. Miss MARION BELCHER, to\n  const. herself L.M.                           30.00\n\nRockland. Miss Cordelia Shaw, _for\n  Freight on Bbl. to Fisk U._                    2.00\n\nSalem. Crombie St. Cong. Ch. and Soc.           67.00\n\nSaxonville. Edwards Cong. Ch. and Soc.          10.93\n\nSharon. Cong. Ch. and Soc., 30,\n  to const. J.W. PERRY L.M.;\n  Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch., 10                    40.00\n\nSomerville. Day St. Ch.,\n  _for Pleasant Hill, Tenn._                    15.00\n\nSouthampton. L.C. Tiffany's S.S. Class,\n  Cong. Ch., _for Theo. Student Aid Fund_       20.00\n\nSouth Egremont. Cong. Ch.                       14.06\n\nSouth Deerfield. Cong. Ch., 34.15;\n  Sab. Sch., 12.93                              47.08\n\nSouth Framingham. South Cong. Ch.,\n  (50 of which _for Mountain Work_)            174.54\n\nSouth Hadley. First Cong. Ch.                   23.50\n\nSpringfield. Miss Carrie H. Bowdoin             10.00\n\nSpringfield. Y.P.S.C.E., First Ch. of Christ,\n  _for Pleasant Hill, Tenn._                     5.00\n\nSouth Weymouth. Miss S.B. Tirrel's S.S.\n  Class, Second Cong. Ch.                        4.82\n\nTownsend. Mrs. Ralph Ball, _for Freight\n  on Bbl. to Sherwood, Tenn._                    2.00\n\nWakefield. Y.P.S.C.E., _for Mountain Work_       3.00\n\nWest Boxford. Cong. Ch.                          8.85\n\nWesthampton. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch.             18.78\n\nWesthampton. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                 13.58\n\nWest Medford. ---- _for Boys' Hall,\n  Pleasant Hill, Tenn._                         30.00\n\nWest Springfield. Ladies' Mission Circle\n  of Park St. Ch., _for Pleasant Hill,\n  Tenn._                                        50.00\n\nWinchendon. First Cong. Ch., 13, and\n  Sab. Sch., 17.30                              30.30\n\nWinchester. Ladies' Western Miss'y Soc.,\n  _for Pleasant Hill, Tenn._                    90.00\n\nWinchester. S. Elliott                          10.00\n\nWorcester. Mary A. and Joanna F. Smith          50.00\n\nYarmouth. Rev. John W. Dodge,\n  _for Pleasant Hill, Tenn._                    50.00\n\nHampden Benevolent Association, by\n  Charles Marsh, Treasurer:\n\n    Agawam                           20.25\n\n    Holyoke. Second                  83.31\n\n    South Hadley Falls                9.91\n\n    Springfield. South               46.30\n\n                                   -------     159.77\n\n                                            ---------\n\n                                            $4,249.69\n\n\nESTATES.\n\nDunstable. Estate of Mary Wilson, by\n  Wm. P. Proctor, Ex.                           50.00\n\nEnfield. Estate of J.B. Woods, by Rev.\n  R.M. Woods, Trustee, to const. MISS\n  CHARLOTTE A. LATHROP L.M.                     50.00\n\nGroton. Estate of Samuel C. Rockwood,\n  by George S. Gates, Ex.                      300.00\n\n                                            ---------\n\n                                            $4,599.69\n\n\nCLOTHING, BOOKS, ETC., RECEIVED AT BOSTON OFFICE.\n\nKennebunk, Maine. Mrs. Mary P. Smith,\n  Box of C., _for Pleasant Hill, Tenn._\n\nCampello, Mass. Mrs. S.A. Southworth,\n  2 Boxes, _for Chapel Hill, S.C._\n\nCambridgeport, Mass. By Mrs. R.L. Snow,\n Box of Bedding, _for Pleasant Hill, Tenn._\n\nGardner, Mass. Y.P.S.C.E., Package\n  of Papers, _for Jellico, Tenn._\n\nHopkinton, Mass. King's Daughters, Bbl.\n  of C., val. 50, _for Pleasant Hill, Tenn._\n\nOxford, Mass. Woman's Miss'y Soc., 3 Bbls.,\n  _for Kittrell, Ala._\n\nRockland, Mass. Ladies' Sew. Circle of\n  Cong. Ch., Bbl., _for Fisk U._\n\nRoslindale, Mass. Miss F.H. Wiswall,\n  Box Hymn Books, etc., _for Talladega, Ala._\n\nRoxbury, Mass, Ladies' Benev. Soc. of Immanuel Ch.,\n  Bbl., val. 31.54, _for Pleasant Hill, Tenn._\n\nTownsend, Mass. By Mrs. Ralph Ball,\n  Bbl., _for Sherwood, Tenn._\n\n\nRHODE ISLAND, $730.96.\n\nLittle Compton. Mrs. Antrace Pierce              5.00\n\nNewport. United Cong. Ch.                       30.00\n\nProvidence. Central Cong. Ch. (25 of which\n  _for Girls' Hall, Pleasant Hill, Tenn._\n  and 10. _for Talladega C._)                  625.00\n\nProvidence. North Cong. Ch.                     44.71\n\nProvidence. Sab. Sch. of Beneficent Cong.\n  Ch., 25, Miss Burrows' Class, 1.25,\n  _for Pleasant Hill, Tenn._                    26.25\n\n\nCONNECTICUT, $2,705.00.\n\nBerlin. Mrs. Sophia Savage, _for\n  Tougaloo U._                                  10.00\n\nBridgeport D.H. Terry, 10.,\n  L.B. Silliman, 5, _for Tougaloo U._           15.00\n\nBristol. Cong. Ch.                              19.27\n\nBuckingham. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                   3.29\n\nEast Granby. Cong. Ch.                           3.65\n\nEllington. Cong. Ch.                           148.70\n\nGranby. South Cong. Ch., 13;\n  First Cong. Ch., 6.12                         19.12\n\nHadlyme. Cong. Ch., 4.; Mrs. E. Geer, 1.         5.00\n\nHartford. Students' Association of Hartford\n  Theo. Sem., 34.81; Mrs. Charles T.\n  Hillyer, 30.00                                64.81\n\nHartford. D.R. Howe, _for Tougaloo U._          25.00\n\nLisbon. Cong. Ch., bal. to const.\n  REV. Q.M. BOSWORTH L.M.                        7.00\n\nMiddlebury. Cong. Ch.                           10.01\n\nMonroe. Mrs. F.A. and H.L. Curtiss              10.00\n\nPlymouth. Cong. Ch.                             46.00\n\nPoquonock. Cong. Ch.                            53.20\n\nPortland. First Cong. Ch.                        6.91\n\nPreston. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                     15.00\n\nPutnam. Second Cong. Ch.                        20.94\n\nNew Britain. Prayer Meeting Coll. Center Ch.,\n  _for Tougaloo U._                             34.24\n\nNew Britain. Normal Class of South Cong. Ch.,\n  _for Student Aid, Normal Inst.,\n  Grand View, Tenn._                             7.31\n\nNew Haven. United Ch., 268.52;\n  College St. Ch., 10.00                       278.52\n\nNew London. First Cong. Ch.                     50.06\n\nNewington. Cong. Ch.                            79.95\n\nNew Preston. Mrs. Henry Upson, 4;\n  Mrs. Stanley Williams, 1,\n  _for Conn. Ind'l Sch., Ga._                    5.00\n\nNorthford. Cong Ch.                             15.00\n\nNorth Madison. Cong. Ch.                        12.00\n\nNorwich. Broadway Cong. Ch.                    211.88\n\nRockville. Union Cong. Ch. (65 of which\n  _for Tougaloo U._) to const. MISS LUCINDA\n  BAILEY, MISS ELLEN. L. WILSON, MISS\n  CELIA E. PRESCOTT, LUTHER H. FULLER\n  and ISAAC M. AGARD L.M.'s                    168.05\n\nStamford. First Cong. Ch.                       16.61\n\nTerryville. Elizur Fenn                         10.00\n\nThomaston. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch.,\n  _for Sch'p, Santee Ind. Sch._                 17.50\n\nThomaston. Cong. Ch.                            12.65\n\nTolland. Cong. Ch.                               5.02\n\nWallingford. Mrs. Clara Beebe Darling,\n  ad'l, _for Chapel, Darling Station,\n  Fort Yates, Dak._                            100.00\n\nWallingford. H.L. Judd, _for Student Aid,\n  Tougaloo U._                                  70.00\n\nWapping. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch.                  7.27\n\nWatertown. Cong. Ch.                            24.79\n\nWatertown. Sab. Sch. Class, by Mrs. Fred.\n  Scott, _for Student Aid, Fort Berthold,\n  Ind. Sch._                                    15.00\n\nWest Hartland. H.L. Wilcox,\n  _for Conn. Ind'l Sch., Ga._                    6.00\n\nWinchester. Cong. Ch.                           14.00\n\nWoodbury. North Cong. Ch.                       11.25\n\nWoman's Home Missionary Union of Conn.,\n  by Mrs. Ward W. Jacobs, Treas.,\n  _for Woman's Work_:\n\n    Bridgeport. L.H.M. Soc. of\n      North Ch.                                 50.00\n\n                                            ---------\n\n                                            $1,705.00\n\nESTATE.\n\nPlymouth. Estate of Eliza Bull, by Ira B.\n  Bull and Geo. M. Welles, Executors         1,000.00\n\n                                            ---------\n\n                                            $2,705.00\n\n\nNEW YORK, $838.67.\n\nAlbany. \"E.M.E.\"                                10.00\n\nAmsterday. Mrs. Chandler Bartlett                2.00\n\nAquebogue. Cong. Ch.                             3.20\n\nBrooklyn. Tompkins Ave. Cong. Ch.              400.00\n\nChurchville. Cong. Ch.                          31.05\n\nClifton Springs. Mrs. W.W. Warner, Box of C.,\n  Val. 46.65, _for McLeansville, N.C._\n\nDeansville. Y.P.S.C.E., _for Student Aid,\n  Avery Inst._                                  10.00\n\nHudson. Mrs. D.A. Jones                         15.00\n\nIthaca. Sab. Sch. First Cong. Ch., _for ed.\n  of a girl, Santee Ind. Sch._                  35.00\n\nJamestown. Sab. Sch. of First Cong. Ch.         10.39\n\nKelloggsville. Miss C.L. Taylor                 50.00\n\nLebanon. Thomas Hitchcock, 5; Ladles Aid\n  Soc., 5; Alfred Seymour, 5; Mrs. Servilia\n  G. Childs, 2; Mrs. J.H. Wagoner, 1; J.A.\n  Head, 1; G.G. Grosvenor, 50c.;\n  C.P. Day, 50c.                                20.00\n\nMunnsville. Cong. Ch.                            5.00\n\nNapoli. Cong. Ch.                                7.32\n\nNew Lebanon. \"A Friend\"                          4.00\n\nNew York. Broadway Tab., J.T. Leavitt          100.00\n\nNew York. Mrs. H.B. Spelman,\n  _for Student Aid, Atlanta U._                 25.00\n\nNew York. J.H. Washburn, Pkg. of C.\n\nSyracuse. Plymouth Ch.                          26.00\n\nUtica. Miss Caroline E. Backus,\n  _for Mountain Work_                            5.00\n\nWarsaw. Cong. Ch.                               14.71\n\nWoman's Home Missionary Union of N.Y.,\n  by Mrs. L.H. Cobb, Treas.,\n  _for Woman's Work_:\n\n    Binghamton. Helpers H.M. Soc.,\n      to const. MRS. J.L.\n      MESEREAU L.M.                  30.00\n\n    Geddes. Ladies Aux.               5.00\n\n    Lyssander. Ladies' Aux.,\n      to const. MRS. DESIRE A.\n      FULLER L.M.                    30.00\n\n                                   -------     $65.00\n\n\nNEW JERSEY, $185.00.\n\nMontclair. Womans' Home Miss'y Soc.\n  of First Cong. Ch. _for Marshallville\n  Sch., Ga._, and to const. MRS. LUCIA P.\n  AMES, MARY B. AMES   and LULU\n  AMES L.M's                                   180.00\n\nPaterson. P. Van Houten                          5.00\n\nPoint Pleasant. Rev. S.Y. Lum, Box of\n  Books, _for Talladega C._\n\n\nPENNSYLVANIA, $10.00.\n\nCambridge. First Cong. Ch.                       5.00\n\nRidgway. Bible Class by Minnie J. Kline,\n  _for Oaks, N.C._                               5.00\n\n\nOHIO, $1,706.04.\n\nCincinnati. Sab. Sch. of Walnut Hills\n   Cong. Ch., _for Grand View, Tenn._           30.00\n\nCleveland. First Cong. Ch., 30.21;\n  Rev. W.L. Tenney, 15; Plymouth Ch., 5.85      51.06\n\nColumbus. First Cong. Ch.                      191.60\n\nColumbus. \"A Friend\" Box of Bedding,\n  _for Grand View, Tenn._\n\nConneaut. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch., 20;\n  H.E. Pond, 5., _for Student Aid, Fisk U._     25.00\n\nFort Recovery. Cong. Ch.                         5.00\n\nLafayette. Cong. Ch.                             5.50\n\nLorain. \"Wide Awake Soc.\" _for Student Aid,\n  Tougaloo U._                                   3.55\n\nMedina. Friends in Cong. Ch., by Mrs. E.F. Leach,\n  _for furnishing a room, new boarding hall,\n  Macon, Ga._                                   50.00\n\nNorth Bloomfield. Prof. F.O. Reed                5.00\n\nOberlin. Second Cong. Ch.                       68.29\n\nOberlin. Rev. C.V. Speare,\n  _for Pleasant Hill, Tenn._                    50.00\n\nOberlin. Young Ladies' Miss'y Soc., _for\n  Student Aid, Pleasant Hill, Tenn._            25.00\n\nOberlin. Second Cong. Ch.,\n  _for Jewett Memorial Hall_                    11.55\n\nPittsfield. Ladies' Benev. Soc., Bundle of\n  Carpeting, _for Tougaloo U._\n\nNewark. Cong. Ch.                               10.00\n\nStrongsville. Elijah Lyman                      10.00\n\nToledo. First Cong. Ch.                         50.00\n\nWakeman. Cong. Ch. and Soc.                      5.75\n\nYork. Cong. Ch. to const. MILO E.\n  BRANCH L.M.                                   32.00\n\nOhio Woman's Home Missionary Union,\n  by Mrs. Phebe A. Crafts, Treasurer,\n  _for Woman's Work_:\n\n    Chagrin Falls. Aux.\n      _for Miss Collins_              7.50\n\n    Chester Cross Roads. St. Paul's\n     Miss. Band, _for Dakota\n     Indian M._                       3.00\n\n    Cleveland. First Cong. Ch.,\n     Y.P.S.C.E.                       4.13\n\n    Conneaut. W.H.M.S., _for Miss\n      Collins_                        5.00\n\n    Hudson. L.H.M.S.                  7.16\n\n    \"Friends\"                        24.95\n\n    Painesville. M.S. Home Dept.     25.00\n\n                                    ------     $76.74\n\n                                            ---------\n\n                                              $706.04\n\n\nESTATE.\n\nAshtabula. Estate of Miss E.G. Austin,\n  by Henry Fassett, Adm'r                    1,000.00\n\n                                            ---------\n\n                                            $1,706.04\n\n\nILLINOIS, $743.83.\n\nAtkinson. Cong. Ch.                             10.20\n\nAurora. N.L. Janes                              10.00\n\nBuda. Cong. Ch.                                114.86\n\nChicago. Mrs. F.E. Brush,\n  _for Student Aid, Fisk U._                   104.00\n\nChicago. Ladies of South Park Ch.                2.50\n\nCrete. Phineas Chapman                          50.00\n\nElgin. Sab. Sch. of First Cong. Ch.,\n  _for Mountain Work_                            9.41\n\nElgin. \"A Friend\"                                5.00\n\nElmwood. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch.,\n  _for Student Aid, Fisk U._                     3.00\n\nMattoon. \"Friends,\" by Mrs. A.F. Cushman,\n  _for Sch'p Endowment Fund, Fisk U._           15.00\n\nMorrison. William Wallace                       10.00\n\nLawn Ridge. Cong. Ch. and Sab. Sch.             19.48\n\nLee Center. Cong. Ch., _for Student Aid,\n  Straight U._                                  12.75\n\nMarseilles. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch.,\n  _for Student Aid, Fisk U._                     9.00\n\nPayson. J.K. Scarborough                       100.00\n\nPeoria. Miss Etta Proctor's S.S. Class,\n  Sab. Sch. First Cong. Ch., _for Student Aid,\n  Fisk U._                                       3.00\n\nPrinceton. Cong. Ch.                            11.71\n\nPrinceton. Rev. F. Bascom, D.D., Box of\n  Books, _for Talladega C._\n\nProspect Park. Cong. Ch., _for Indian M._       20.04\n\nOak Park. Young People's Miss'y Soc.,\n  _for Sch'p Endowment Fund, Fisk U._           50.00\n\nTurner. Cong. Ch.                                3.13\n\nIllinois Woman's Home Missionary Union,\n  by Mrs. C.E. Maltby, Treas., _for Woman's Work_:\n\n    Ashkum                            0.56\n\n    Atkinson                          5.00\n\n    Buda                              3.50\n\n    Chebanse                          5.00\n\n    Chicago. Park                    22.75\n\n    Elgin                             5.00\n\n    Oak Park                         24.00\n\n    Peoria                           50.00\n\n    Rockford. First                  15.00\n\n    Rockford. Second                 20.00\n\n    Sterling                          8.50\n\n    Toulon                            2.00\n\n    Warrensburg                      14.44\n\n                                  --------     180.75\n\n\nMICHIGAN, $9,417.64.\n\nDetroit. Parke, Davis & Co., Chemists,\n  Medicines, Val. 17.31. _for Hospital,\n  Fort Yates, Dak._\n\nGrand Rapids. First Cong. Sab. Sch.             25.00\n\nHart. Cong. Ch.                                  6.02\n\nLitchfield. First Cong. Ch.                      8.16\n\nManistee. First Cong. Ch.                       26.00\n\nNew Haven. First Cong. Ch.                       4.11\n\nSouth Haven. First Cong. Ch.                     1.05\n\nWheatland. Cong. Ch.                            25.00\n\n                                            ---------\n\n                                               $95.34\n\n\nESTATE.\n\nOlivet. Estate of William B. Palmer, by\n  Geo. W. Keyes, Ex.                         9,332.20\n\n                                            ---------\n\n                                            $9,417.54\n\n\nWISCONSIN, $82.66.\n\nBeloit. Sab. Sch. of Second Cong. Ch., 11.86;\n  First Cong. Ch., 5.50                         17.36\n\nBeloit. Sab. Sch. First Cong. Ch., Sewing\n  Machine, _for Straight U._; 2 _for Freight_    2.00\n\nBristol and Paris. Cong. Ch.                    24.62\n\nEmerald Grove. Cong. Ch.                         6.50\n\nMadison. Clarissa L. Ware's S.S. Class,\n  Birthday Box, _for Lathrop Library_            0.93\n\nMadison. Clarissa L. Ware, Package Patchwork,\n  _for Sew. Sch., Sherwood, Tenn._\n\nNew London. Ira Millerd, Sr., _for Lathrop\n  Library_                                       1.00\n\nRosendale. Mrs. H.N. Clark, _for Freight\n  to Sherwood, Tenn._                            2.00\n\nWest Salem. Mrs. Anson Clark                     2.00\n\nWhitewater. First Cong. Ch.                     25.00\n\nViroqua. Mrs. J.R. Casson,\n  _for Freight to Sherwood, Tenn._               1.25\n\n\nIOWA, $226.60.\n\nAtlantic. Cong. Ch.                              9.22\n\nBlairstown. MRS. J.H. FRENCH, to const.\n  herself L.M.                                  30.00\n\nBurlington. First Cong. Ch., to const.\n  LUKE PALMER, JR. L.M.                         36.50\n\nDunlap. Cong. Ch.                               13.98\n\nGenoa Bluffs. Boys' Intermediate and\n  Primary Classes, Cong. Sab. Sch.,\n  _for Student Aid, Straight U._                 8.00\n\nGrinnell. Cong. Ch.                             23.25\n\nMarcus. \"A Life Member.\"                         1.00\n\nOldfield. Highland Cong. Sab. Sch.,\n  _for Indian M and Mountain Work_               8.75\n\nSherrills Mound. German Cong. Ch.                4.00\n\nStrawberry Point. First Cong. Ch.               12.15\n\nWittemberg. Cong. Ch.                            9.00\n\nWoman's Home Missionary Union of Iowa,\n  _for Woman's Work_:\n\n    Central City. Y.P.S.C.E.          2.00\n\n    Clay. W.M.S.                      2.00\n\n    Des Moines. W.M.S.               22.02\n\n    Harlan. W.M.S.                    1.65\n\n    Independence. Aid Soc.            5.00\n\n    Lyons                             5.61\n\n    Miles. L.M.S., \"Thank\n      Offering.\"                      5.00\n\n    McGregor. W.M.S.                  8.65\n\n    Onawa. S.S. Birthday Box          6.40\n\n    Osage. W.M.S.                     2.90\n\n    Rockford. L.M.S.                  0.05\n\n    Shenandoah. W.M.S.                5.55\n\n    Wells                             0.50\n\n                                    ------      67.33\n\n\nMINNESOTA, $93.55.\n\nHutchinson. Cong. Ch.                           13.00\n\nLake City. First Cong. Ch.,\n  _for Williamsburg Academy_                    23.02\n\nMinneapolis. Plymouth Ch.                       45.65\n\nSaint Paul. S.S. Class, _for Talladega C._       2.25\n\nWorthington. Union Cong. Ch.                     4.38\n\nWaseca. Cong. Ch.                                5.25\n\n\nMISSOURI, $40.00.\n\nKansas City. Clyde Cong. Ch.                    40.00\n\nLaclede. Clara Seward, Package Patchwork,\n  _for Sew. Sch., Sherwood, Tenn._\n\n\nKANSAS, $12.00.\n\nManhattan. W.E. Castle                          12.00\n\n\nNEBRASKA, $113.26.\n\nCortland. \"H.C.H.\"                               5.00\n\nCowles. G.A. Harris                              2.48\n\nHay Springs. First Cong. Ch.                     2.25\n\nIrvington. Cong. Ch.                            15.00\n\nKearney. First Cong. Ch.                         5.00\n\nNebraska City. Woman's Miss'y. Soc. of\n  Cong. Ch.                                      5.00\n\nOmaha. First Cong. Ch.                          78.53\n\n\nNORTH AND SOUTH DAKOTA, $113.19.\n\nBuffalo Gap. Cong. Ch.                           6.25\n\nBuxton, N.D. Ladies' Miss'y Soc. of\n  Cong. Ch., _for Mountain Work_                80.00\n\nCuster. Cong. Ch.                                4.10\n\nLake Henry, S. Dak. Cong. Ch.                    4.71\n\nYankton, S. Dak. Cong. Ch.                      18.13\n\n\nWASHINGTON, $5.50.\n\nRoy. Mrs. Eliza Taylor                           5.50\n\nOREGON, $45.00.\n\nCanyon. E.S. PENFIELD, to const.\n  himself L.M.                                  30.00\n\nForest Grove. Cong. Ch.                         15.00\n\n\nCALIFORNIA, $3,190.15.\n\nBelmont. Mrs. E.L. Reed and Miss Harriet\n  Reed, _for Woman's Work_                      17.50\n\nRedlands. First Cong. Ch.                       19.25\n\nSan Francisco. The California Chinese\n  Mission (See Items Below)                  3,138.40\n\nTustin. \"Busy Bees\" by Miss Mary Buss, 15,\n  and Package C., _for Student Aid,\n  Normal Inst., Grand View, Tenn._              15.00\n\n\nNORTH CAROLINA, $43.85.\n\nBlowing Rock. F.W. Van Wagenen,\n  _for Blowing Rock, N.C._                      25.00\n\nMcLeansville. Rev. A. Connet, _for\n  Talladega C._                                 14.60\n\nWillmington. Sab. Sch. of Cong. Ch.              4.25\n\n\nTEXAS, $25.00.\n\nDallas. Cong. Ch.                               25.00\n\n\n                                           ----------\n\nDonations                                  $13,862.30\n\nEstates                                     11,722.20\n\n                                           ----------\n\n                                           $25,584.50\n\n\nTUITION, $466.01.\n\nLexington, Ky. Tuition              171.35\n\nWilmington, N.C. Tuition              6.00\n\nJonesboro, Tenn. County Fund         50.00\n\nJonesboro, Tenn. Tuition              1.00\n\nNashville, Tenn. Tuition            192.35\n\nPleasant Hill, Tenn. Public Fund     40.00\n\nPleasant Hill, Tenn. Tuition          3.00\n\nAustin, Texas. Tuition                2.31\n\n                                  --------     466.01\n\nUnited States Government for the\n  Education of Indians                       1,017.98\n\n                                           ----------\n\nTotal for October                          $27,068.49\n\n                                           ==========\n\n\nFOR THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY.\n\nSubscriptions for October                      $81.86\n\n                                              =======\n\n\nRECEIPTS OF THE CALIFORNIA CHINESE MISSION,\n  from April 20th to October 16th, 1889.\n  E. Palache, Treas.\n\nFROM LOCAL MISSIONS.--Los Angeles,\n  Chinese Mon Off's. 34.80. Annual\n  Mem's and other gifts, 20.50.--Marysville.\n  Chinese Monthlies, 27.80; Annual\n  Mem's, 6.--Oakland, Chinese Monthlies,\n  40; Annual Mem's, 24.--Oroville.\n  Chinese Monthlies, 15.85; Annual\n  Mem's. 34.--Petaluma: Chinese Monthlies,\n  10.50; Anniversary Coll., 5.75; Annual\n  Mem's and other gifts (6 of which from\n  Dea. A.B. Case) 56.50.--Riverside,\n  Chinese Monthlies, 17.55; Annual\n  Mem's 15.--Sacramento, Chinese\n  Monthlies, 36; Annual Mem's,\n  30.25.--San Buenaventura, Chinese\n  Monthlies, 14,10; Annual Mon's, etc.,\n  31: Chinese Special Offerings, 91.85--San\n  Diego, Chinese weekly offerings, 86;\n  Annual Mem's and other gifts, 53.45;\n  J.A. Rogers, 10; QUON NEUEY, 25,\n  to const. himself L.M.; Rev. and Mrs.\n  J.B. Silcox, 10; Col. E.F. French, 5;\n  Moses Frick, 2.50; Others. 3.--Santa\n  Barbara, Chinese Monthlies, 14.05;\n  Annual Mem's and other gifts, 43.75;\n  Pon Dan, 5; Yee Ock, 5; Gin Chow, 5;\n  Mrs. E.M. Shattuck, 3.50, balance to\n  const. REV. C.T. WEITZEL L.M.; \"Lady\n  Friend,\" 5; Mrs. Josiah Bates, 4;\n  Cong. Ch., 32.25; Collection at Social,\n  10.50.--Santa Cruz. Chinese Monthlies,\n  36.10; Anniversary Coll., 10.80; Annual\n  Mem's, etc., 63.50.--Stockton, Chinese\n  Monthlies, 8.75; Annual Mem's. 35.--Tucson,\n  Chinese Monthlies, 7; Annual\n  Mem's, 18; \"A Friend,\" 1.35                 $964.95\n\nFROM CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES.--Bethany,\n  (San Joaquin Co.) 4.--Byron,\n  6.--Crockett, 2.50.--Lorin, 6.40.--Los\n  Angeles, First, Woman's Home Missionary\n  Soc,. 43.10. Y.P.S.C.E., 4.50.--Murphys,\n  4.--Oakland. First, Annual\n  Off's, 120.85; Fellowship Fund,\n  22; Sab. Sen., Primary Class, 19.25;\n  Mrs. H.G. Noyes, 15, \"Other Friends.\"\n  25; First Ch., Market St. Branch, 5.50,\n  Plymouth Ave. Ch., Dr. Geo. Mooar,\n  6.50; Dr. I.E. Dwinell, 5; Dr. J.A.\n  Benton. 5; Mrs. A.B. Sargent, 5; Mrs.\n  C.F. Whitton, 2.50; Mrs. M.L. Merritt,\n  2.50; Mr. and Mrs. F.A. Armstrong,\n  2.50; Others, 3.--Ontario, 47.--Redwood,\n  7.--Rio Vista, 15.15,--San Diego,\n  Second, Rev. F.B. Perkins, 5.--San\n  Francisco, First. Mrs. Hutchins, 5;\n  Miss Hutchins, 1.50; Mrs. Perkins, 1.80;\n  \"Other Friends,\" 7; Third Church,\n  63.90.--Bethany Ch., from Americans\n  Annual Mem's, 67.50. Mrs. H.A. Lamont,\n  14; \"W.C.P.\" balance to const.\n  REV. J.B. SILCOX and MRS. A.E. NOBLE\n  L.M's, 9.50; Dr. R.B. Hall, 10; J.M.\n  Stockman, 10; Mrs. S.C. Hasleton,\n  10; W. Johnstone, 5; T.S. Sherman,\n  5.--From Chinese Central Mission,\n  Monthly Off's, 46.90; Annual Mem's,\n  etc., 95.60; Barnes Mission, Monthly\n  Off's 8.25; Annual Mem's, etc., 8; West\n  Mission, Monthly Off's, 27.60; Annual\n  Mem's. 29; San Francisco Branch Ass'n\n  7.55, (25 of which from Chinese to\n  const. REV. J.F. MASTERS L.M.).--Saratoga,\n  10.--Woodland, 7.70                          834.95\n\nFROM INDIVIDUAL DONORS.--Messrs.\n  Balfour, Guthrie & Co., 500; Mrs. A.J.\n  Styles, 250.; Frank J. Felt, 50.; John\n  Jackson, 25.; Rev. Joseph Rowell, 10.\n  Rev. J.C. Holbrook, D.D., 10.; Mrs.\n  E.G. Chaddock, 5.; Rev. and Mrs. H.H.\n  Wickoff, 5                                   855.00\n\nFROM EASTERN FRIENDS.--Bangor, Me.,\n  Hon. E.R. Burpee, 100.--\"A Friend,\"\n  10.--Brewer, Me., Mrs. Hardy,\n  100.--Norridgewock, Me., Mrs. Benjamin\n  Tappan, 2.--North Conway, N.H.,\n  First Cong. Ch., 10.; Rev. R. Henry\n  Davis, 10.--Amherst, Mass., Mrs. R.A.\n  Lester, 100.--South Braintree, Mass.\n  Rev. J.B. Sewall. 25.--Marlboro,\n  Mass., Miss H.J. Alexander, 1.50.--New\n  Haven, Conn., Mrs. Henry Farnum,\n  100.--Colebrook, Conn., Miss\n  Sarah Carrington, 20.--Cincinnati,\n  Ohio, Miss L.B. Sherwood, 4.--Richfield,\n  Minn, T.N. Spaulding, 1.                     483.50\n\n                                            ---------\n\nTotal                                       $3,138.40\n\n                                            =========\n\n\nH.W. HUBBARD, Treasurer,\n\n56 Reade N.Y.","title":"The American Missionary \u2014 Volume 43, No. 12, December, 1889","tradition":"scripture-revelation","translated_text":null,"word_count":43454}