{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_16193/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_16193","id":"gutenberg_16193","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16193","summary":null,"tags":["Category: History - Modern (1750+)","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals; Jon\nIngram, Jeremy Weatherford, and the Online Distributed\nProofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net\n\n\n\n\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNo. 16.]\nSATURDAY, FEBRUARY 16. 1850.\n[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{241}\n\nCONTENTS.\n\nNOTES:--                                             Page\n  Daniel Defoe and his Ghost Stories                  241\n  Pet Names, by Rev. B.H. Kennedy                     242\n  Lacedaemonian Black Broth                            243\n  A Hint to Intending Editors                         243\n  Notes on Cunningham's London, by E.F. Rimbault      244\n  Folk Lore--Easter Eggs--Buns--Gloucestershire\n    Custom--Curious Custom                            244\n\nQUERIES:--\n  White Hart Inn, Scole, by C.H. Cooper               245\n  On Passages in Pope                                 245\n  Belvoir Castle                                      246\n  Minor Queries:--Dr. Hugh Todd's MSS.--French\n    Leave--Portugal--Tureen--Military Execution--\n    Change of Name--Symbolism of Fir Cone--Kentish\n    Ballad--Monumental Brass--A Tickhill Man--\n    Bishop Blaize--Vox et praeterea Nihil--Cromwell\n    Relics--Lines on Woman's Will                     246\n\nREPLIES:--\n  AElfric's Colloquy, by S.W. Singer and C.W.G.        248\n  Antony Alsop                                        249\n  Replies to Minor Queries:--Origin of Snob--Bishop\n    Burnet--Circulation of the Blood--Genealogy of\n    European Sovereigns--Sir Stephen Fox--French\n    Maxim--Shipster--Spars--Cosmopolis--Complutensian\n    Polyglot--Christmas Hymn--Sir J. Wyattville--\n    Peruse--Autograph Mottoes--Boduc--Annus\n    Trabeationis                                      250\n\nMISCELLANIES:--\n  Pursuits of Literature--Dr. Dobbs--Translation from\n    V. Bourne--St. Evona's Choice--Muffins and\n    Crumpets--Dulcarnon--Bishop Barnaby--Barnacles\n    --Ancient Alms Dish, &c.                          253\n\nMISCELLANEOUS:--\n  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.              254\n  Books and Odd Volumes Wanted                        255\n  Notices to Correspondents                           255\n  Advertisements                                      256\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDANIEL DE FOE AND HIS GHOST STORIES.\n\nI feel obliged by your intelligent correspondent \"D.S.\" having\nascertained that De Foe was the author of the _Tour through Great\nBritain_. Perhaps he may also be enabled to throw some light on a\nsubject of much curiosity connected with De Foe, that appears to me well\nworth the inquiry.\n\nMrs. Bray, in her General Preface prefixed to the first volume of the\nreprint, in series, of her _Novels and Romances_, when giving an account\nof the circumstances on which she founded her very graphic and\ninteresting romance of _Trelawny of Trelawne_, says--\n\n     \"In Gilbert's _History of Cornwall_, I saw a brief but striking\n     account, written by a Doctor Ruddell, a clergyman of Launceston,\n     respecting a ghost which (in the year 1665) he has seen and laid to\n     rest, that in the first instance had haunted a poor lad, the son of\n     a Mr. Bligh, in his way to school, in a place called the 'Higher\n     Broom Field.' This grave relation showed, I thought, the credulity\n     of the times in which the author of it lived; and so I determined\n     to have doctor, boy, and ghost in my story. But whereas, in the\n     worthy divine's account of the transaction, the ghost appears to\n     come on earth for no purpose whatever (unless it be to frighten the\n     poor boy), I resolved to give the spirit something to do in such\n     _post-mortem_ visitations, and that the object of them should be of\n     import to the tale. Accordingly I made boy, doctor, and the woman\n     (who is said after her death to have appeared to the lad) into\n     characters, invented a story for them, and gave them adventures.\"\n\nMrs. Bray adds--\n\n     \"Soon after the publication of _Trelawny_, my much esteemed friend,\n     the Rev. F.V.T. Arundell[1], informed me, that, whilst engaged in\n     his antiquarian researches in Cornwall, he found among some old and\n     original papers the manuscript account, in Dr. Ruddell's own\n     hand-writing, of his encounter with the ghost in question. This he\n     lent Gilbert, who inserted it in his _History of Cornwall_; and\n     there I first saw it, as stated above. A few months ago, I\n     purchased some of the reprinted volumes of the _Works of Daniel De\n     Foe_. Among these was the _Life of Mr. Duncan Campbell_, a\n     fortune-teller. To my great surprise, I found inserted in the\n     Appendix (after verses to Mr. Duncan Campbell), without either name\n     of the author, reference, or introduction, under the heading, 'A\n     remarkable Passage of an Apparition, 1665,' no other than Dr.\n     Ruddell's account of meeting the ghost which had haunted the boy,\n     so much the same as that I had read in Gilbert, that it scarcely\n     seemed to differ from it in a word. The name of Mr. Bligh, the\n     father of the boy, was, however, omitted; and Dr. Ruddell could\n     only be known as the author of the account by the lad's father\n     calling the narrator Mr. Ruddell, in their discourse about the\n     youth. The account is so strangely inserted in the Appendix to the\n     volume, without comment or reference, that, had I not previously\n     known the circumstances above names by Mr. Arundell, I should have\n     fancied it a fiction of De Foe himself, like the story {242} of\n     the ghost of Mrs. Veal, prefixed to _Drelincourt on Death_.\n\n     \"Aware that Mr. Arundell had no idea that Ruddell's ghost story was\n     to be found in any work previous to Gilbert's, I lost no time in\n     communicating to that gentleman what I could not but deem a very\n     curious discovery. He assured me there could be no mistake as to\n     the genuineness of the ghost document he had found, as he had\n     compared the manuscript with Ruddell's hand-writing in other\n     papers, and saw it was one and the same. Soon after, Mr. Arundell\n     favoured me with some further information on the subject, which I\n     here give, as it adds still more to the interest of the\n     story:--'Looking into Gilbert's _History of Cornwall_, in the\n     parish of South Petherwin, there is said to be in the old mansion\n     of Botathan five portraits of the Bligh family; one of them is the\n     likeness of the boy, whose intimacy with the ghost of Dorothy\n     Durant has been spoken of in his first volume, where she is\n     erroneously called Dingley. If this be a fact, it is very\n     interesting; for it is strange that both Mr. Ruddell, the narrator\n     (whose manuscript I lent to Gilbert), and De Foe, should have\n     called her Dingley. I have no doubt it was a fictitious name, for I\n     never heard of it Launceston or the neighbourhood; whereas Durant\n     is the name of an ancient Cornish family: and I remember a tall,\n     respectable man of that name in Launceston, who died at a very\n     advanced age; very probably a connexion of the Ghost Lady. He must\n     have been born about 1730. Durant was probably too respectable a\n     name to be published, and hence the fictitious one.' Mr. Arundell\n     likewise says, 'In Launceston Church is a monument to Charles Bligh\n     and Judith his wife, who died, one in 1716, and the other in 1717.\n     He is said to have been sixty years old, and was probably the\n     brother of Samuel, the hero of Dorothy Dingley. Sarah, the wife of\n     the Rev. John Ruddell, died in 1667. Mr. Ruddell was Vicar of\n     Aternon in 1684. He was the minister of Launceston in 1665, when he\n     saw the ghost who haunted the boy.'\"\n\nSuch is Mrs. Bray's account of these very curious circumstances. The\nghost story inserted in Gilbert, as mentioned above, is altogether so\nmuch in the style of De Foe, that a doubt remains whether, after all, he\nmay not have been the author of it. Can \"D.S.,\" or any of your readers,\nthrow further light on the subject?\n\nD.S.Y.\n\n     [Footnote 1: Of Landulph, Cornwall, the author of _Discoveries in\n     Asia Minor_, and the well-known _Visit to the Seven Churches of\n     Asia_. Mr. Arundell is now dead.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPET-NAMES.\n\n\"Mary\" is informed that \"Polly\" is one of those \"hypocorisms,\" or\npet-names, in which our language abounds. Most are mere abbreviations,\nas Will, Nat, Pat, Bell, &c., taken usually from the beginning,\nsometimes from the end of the name. The ending _y_ or _ie_ is often\nadded, as a more endearing form: as Annie, Willy, Amy, Charlie, &c. Many\nhave letter-changes, most of which imitate the pronunciation of infants.\n_L_ is lisped for _r_. A central consonant is doubled. _O_ between _m_\nand _l_ is more easily sounded than _a_. An infant forms _p_ with its\nlips sooner than _m_; papa before mamma. The order of change is: Mary,\nMaly, Mally, Molly, Polly. Let me illustrate this; _l_ for _r_ appears\nin Sally, Dolly, Hal _P_ for _m_ in Patty, Peggy; vowel-change in Harry,\nJim, Meg, Kitty, &c; and in several of these the double consonant. To\npursue the subject: re-duplication is used; as in Nannie, Nell, Dandie;\nand (by substitution) in Bob. Ded would be of ill omen; therefore we\nhave, for Edward, Ned or Ted, _n_ and _t_ being coheir to _d_; for Rick,\nDick, perhaps on account of the final _d_ in Richard. Letters are\ndropped for softness: as Fanny for Franny, Bab for Barb, Wat for Walt.\nMaud is Norman for Mald, from Mathild, as Bauduin for Baldwin. Argidius\nbecomes Giles, our nursery friend Gill, who accompanied Jack in his\ndisastrous expedition \"up the hill.\" Elizabeth gives birth to Elspeth,\nEliza (Eloisa?), Lisa, Lizzie, Bet, Betty, Betsy, Bessie, Bess;\nAlexander (_x_=_cs_) to Allick and Sandie. What are we to say of Jack\nfor John? It seems to be from Jacques, which is the French for our\nJames? How came the confusion? I do not remember to have met with the\nname James in early English history; and it seems to have reached us\nfrom Scotland. Perhaps, as Jean and Jaques were among the commonest\nFrench names, John came into use as a baptismal name, and Jaques or Jack\nentered by its side as a familiar term. But this is a mere guess; and I\nsolicit further information. John answers to the German Johann or\nJehann, the Sclavonic Ivan, the Italian Giovanni (all these languages\nusing a strengthening consonant to begin the second syllable): the\nFrench Jean, the Spanish Juan, James to the German Jacob, the Italian\nGiacomo, the French Jacques, the Spanish Jago. It is observable that of\nthese, James and Giacomo alone have the _m_. Is James derived from\nGiacomo? How came the name into Scotland?\n\nOf German pet-names some are formed by abbreviation; some also add _s_,\nas Fritz for Frieds from Friedrich, Hanns for Hann from Johann. (To this\nanswers our _s_ or _c_ in the forms Betsy, Nancy, Elsie, &c.) Some take\n_chen_ (our _kin_, as _mannikin_) as Franschen, Hannchen. Thus Catskin\nin the nursery ballad which appears in Mr. Halliwell's Collection, is a\ncorruption of Kaetchen Kitty. Most of our softened words are due to the\nsmooth-tongued Normans. The harsh Saxon Schrobbesbyrigschire, or\nShropshire, was by them softened into le Comte de Salop, and both names\nare still used.\n\nBENJ. H. KENNEDY.\n\nShrewsbury, Feb. 2. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nLACEDAEMONIAN BLACK BROTH.\n\nIf your readers are not already as much disgusted with Spartan Black\nBroth as Dionysius was {243} with the first mouthful, I beg leave to\nsubmit a few supplementary words to the copious indications of your\ncorrespondents \"R.O.\" and \"W.\"\n\nSelden says:--\n\n     \"It was an excellent question of Lady Cotton, when Sir Robert\n     Cotton was magnifying of a shoe, which was Moses's or Noah's, and\n     wondering at the strange shape and fashion of it: 'But, Mr.\n     Cotton,' says she, '_are you sure it is a shoe?_'\"\n\nNow, from the following passage in Manso's _Sparta_, it would seem that\na similar question might be put on the present occasion: _Are you sure\nthat it was broth?_ Speaking of the _pheiditia_, Manso says:--\n\n     \"Each person at table had as much barley-bread as he could eat;\n     swine's-flesh, or some other meat, to eat with it, with which the\n     famous black-sauce[2] (whose composition, without any loss to\n     culinary art, is evidently a mystery for us) was given round, and\n     to close the meal, olives, figs, and cheese.\"\n\nIn a note he continues:--\n\n     \"Some imagined that the receipt of its composition was to be found\n     in Plutarch (_De Tuenda Sanitate_, t. vi. p. 487.), but apparently\n     it was only imagination. That [Greek: zomos] signified not broth,\n     as it has been usually translated, but _sauce_, is apparent from\n     the connection in which Athenaeus used the word. To judge from\n     Hesychius, it appears to have borne the name [Greek: bapha] among\n     the Spartans. How little it pleased the Sicilian Dionysius is well\n     known from Plutarch (_Inst. Lacon._ t. v. 880.) and from others.\"\n\nSir Walter Trevelyan's question is soon answered, for I presume the\ncelebrity of Spartan Black Broth is chiefly owing to the anecdote of\nDionysius related by Plutarch, in his very popular and amusing _Laconic\nApophthegms_, which Stobaeus and Cicero evidently followed; this, and\nwhat is to be gathered from Athenaeus and Julius Pollux, with a few words\nin Hesychius and the _Etymologicon Magnum_, is the whole amount of our\ninformation. Writers since the revival of letters have mostly copied\neach other, from Coelius Rhodiginus down to Gesner, who derives his\nconjecture from Turnebus, whose notion is derived from Julius\nPollux,--and so we move in a circle. We sadly want a Greek Apicius, and\nthen we might resolve the knotty question. I fear we must give up the\nnotion of cuttle-fish stewed in their own ink, though some former\ntravellers have not spoken so favourable of this Greek dish. Apicius,\n_De Arte Coquinaria_, among his fish-sauces has three Alexandrian\nreceipts, one of which will give some notion of the incongruous\nmaterials admissible in the Greek kitchen of later times:--\n\n     \"JUS ALEXANDRINUM IN PISCE ASSO.\n\n     \"Piper, cepam siccam, ligusticum, cuminum, orignum, apii semen,\n     pruna damascena enucleata; passum, liquamen, defrutum, oleum, et\n     coques.\"\n\nThis question Vexata it seems had not escaped the notice of German\nantiquaries. In Boettiger's _Kleine Shriften_, vol. iii., Sillig has\nprinted for the first time a Dissertation, in answer to a question which\nmight have graced your pages: \"Wherewith did the Ancients spoon\" [their\nfood]? Which opens thus:--\n\n     \"Though about the composition and preparation of Spartan Black\n     Sauce we may have only so many doubts, yet still it remains certain\n     that it was a _jus_--boiled flesh prepared with pig's blood, salt,\n     and vinegar, a _brodo_; and, when it was to a certain degree\n     thickened by boiling, though not like a _Polenta_ or other\n     dough-like mass (_maza offa_), eaten with the fingers. Here, then,\n     arises a gastronomic question, of importance in archaeology; what\n     table furniture or implements did the Spartans make use of to carry\n     this sauce to their months? A spoon, or some substitute for a\n     spoon, must have been at hand in order to be able to enjoy this\n     Schwarzsauer.\"\n\nIt is certain at least that spoons and forks were unknown to the\nSpartans, and some have conjectured that a shell, and even an egg-shell,\nmay have served the purpose. Those who are desirous of knowing more\nabout the Table-Supellectile of the ancients, may consult Casaubon's\n_Notes on Athenaeus_, iv. 13. p. 241.; \"Barufaldo de Armis\nConvivialibus,\" in Sallengre's _Thesaurus_, iii. 741.: or Boettiger's\n_Dissertation_ above referred to. How little ground the passage in\nPlutarch, _De Sanitate Tuenda_, afforded for the composition will appear\nfrom the passage, which I subjoin, having found some difficulty in\nreferring to it:\n\n     [Greek: Oi Lakones uxos kai halas dontes to mageiro, ta loipa\n     keleuouso en to iereio setein.]\n\nThis only expresses the simplicity of Spartan cookery in general.\n\nTo revert to the original question propounded, however, I think we must\ncome to the conclusion that _coffee_ formed no part of the [Greek: melas\nzomos.]\n\nS.W.S.\n\n     [Footnote 2: Manso's word is _Tunke._]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nA HINT TO INTENDING EDITORS.\n\nAllow me to suggest, as an addition to the sphere of usefulness of the\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" that persons preparing new editions of old writers\nshould give an early intimation of the work on which they are engaged to\nthe public, through your paper. Very many miscellaneous readers are in\nthe habit of making notes in the margins of their books, without any\nintention of using them themselves for publication, and would be glad to\ngive the benefit of them to any body to whom they would be welcome; but\nas matters are now arranged, one has no opportunity of hearing of an\nintended new edition until it is advertised as being in the press, when\nit is probably too late to send notes or suggestions; and one is also\ndeterred from communicating with the editor from doubts {244} whether\nhe will not think it an intrusion: doubts which any editor who _did_\nwish for communications might dispel by making such an announcement as I\nhave suggested.\n\nR.R.\n\nLincoln's Inn.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNOTES UPON CUNNINGHAM'S HAND-BOOK OF LONDON.\n\n_St. Giles's Pound_.--The exact site of this Pound, which occupied a\nspace of thirty feet, was the broad space where St. Giles's High Street,\nTottenham Court Road, and Oxford Street meet. The vicinity of this spot\nwas proverbial for its profligacy; thus in an old song:--\n\n    \"At Newgate steps Jack Chance was found,\n    And bred up near _St. Giles's Pound_.\"\n\n_Dudley Court, St. Giles's_.--This spot was once the residence of Alice\nDuchess of Dudley, in the reign of Charles the Second; and afterwards of\nthe celebrated Lord Wharton. The mansion and gardens were of\nconsiderable extent.\n\n_St. Giles's Hospital_.--The celebrated Dr. Andrew Boorde rented for\nmany years the Master's house. He is mentioned as its occupant in the\ndeed of transfer between Lord Lisle to Sir Wymonde Carewe, dated in the\nlast year of Henry the Eighth's reign.\n\n_Gray's Inn Lane_.--Anciently called _Portpoole_. See the commission\ngranted to the Master of the Hospital of St. Giles's, &c. to levy tolls\nupon all cattle, merchandize, &c., dated 1346, in Rymer's _Foedera_.\n\n_Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn_.--Lord Herbert of Cherbury was one\nof the first inhabitants of this street, residing at the south side,\nnear the east corner of Wild (or more properly _Weld_) Street, where he\ndied in 1648. The house is still standing, and is one of fifteen built\nin the third year of James the First. _Powlet_ and _Conway_ houses, also\nstill standing, are among the said number. The celebrated Dr. Mead (D.\n1754) resided in this street.\n\n_Turnstile Lane, Holborn_.--Richard Pendrell, the preserver of Charles\nthe Second, resided here in 1668. It is supposed that Pendrell, after\nthe Restoration, followed the king to town, and settled in the parish of\nSt. Giles, as being near the court. Certain it is that one of Pendrell's\nname occurs in 1702 as overseer, which leads to the conclusion that\nRichard's descendants continued in the same locality for many years. A\ngreat-granddaughter of this Richard was living in 1818 in the\nneighbourhood of Covent Garden. Richard Pendrell died in 1674, and had a\nmonument erected to his memory on the south-east side of the old church\nof St. Giles. The raising of the churchyard, subsequently, had so far\nburied the monument as to render it necessary to form a new one to\npreserve the memory of this celebrated man. The black marble slab of the\nold tomb at present forms the base of the new one.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n\n_Mrs. Cornelly's_ is stated, in vol. ii. p. 753., _to be_ \"the corner of\nSutton Street,\" Soho Square, \"_now D'Almaines's_.\" Mrs. Cornelly's _was_\nat the corner of Sutton Street, but has long been pulled down: the\nCatholic chapel _in_ Sutton Street was Mrs. Cornelly's concert, ball,\nand masquerade-room; and the arched entrance below the chapel, and now a\nwheelwright's, was the entrance for \"chairs.\" D'Almaine's is two doors\nnorth of Sutton Street, and was built by Earl (?) Tilney, the builder of\nWanstead House? The House in Soho Square has a very fine\nbanqueting-room, the ceiling said to have been painted by Angelica\nKauffmann. Tilney was fond of giving magnificent dinners, and here was\nalways to be found \"the flesh of beeves, with Turkie and other small\nLarks!\"\n\n_Cock Lane_.--The house in Cock Lane famous for its \"Ghost\" _is still_\nstanding, and the back room, where \"scratching Fanny\" lay surrounded by\nprinces and peers, is converted into a gas meter manufactory.\n\nNASO.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Easter Eggs_.--The custom of presenting eggs at Easter is too well\nknown to need description; but perhaps few are aware that, like many\nother customs of the early Church, it had its origin in paganism.\n\nSir R.K. Porter (_Travels_, vol. i. p. 316.) mentions that at a period\nof the year corresponding to Easter, \"the Feast of nooroose, or of the\nwaters,\" is held, and seems to have had its origin prior to\nMahometanism. It lasts for _six_ days, and is supposed to be kept in\ncommemoration of the Creation and the Deluge--events constantly\nsynchronised and confounded in pagan cosmogonies. At this feast eggs are\npresented to friends, in obvious allusion to the Mundane egg, for which\nOrmuzd and Ahriman were to contend till the consummation of all things.\n\nWhen the many identities which existed between Druidism and Magianism\nare considered, we can hardly doubt that this Persian commemoration of\nthe Creation originated our Easter-eggs.\n\nG.J.\n\n\n_Buns_.--It has been suggested by Bryant, though, I believe, not noticed\nby any writer on popular customs, that the Good Friday cakes, called\n_Buns_, may have originated in the cakes used in idolatrous worship, and\nimpressed with the figure of an ox, whence they were called [Greek:\nboun]. The cow or bull was likewise, as Coleridge (_Lit. Rem_. vol. ii.\np. 252.) has justly remarked, the {245} symbol of the _Cosmos_, the\nprolific or generative powers of nature.\n\nG.J.\n\n\n_Gloucestershire Custom_.--It is a custom in Gloucestershire, and may be\nso in other counties, to place loose _straw_ before the door of any man\nwho beats his wife. Is this a general custom?--and if so, what is its\norigin and meaning?\n\nB.\n\n\n_Curious Custom_.--The custom spoken of by \"PWCCA\" (No. 11 p. 173.) was\nalso commonly practised in one or two places in Lancashire some ten or\ntwelve years back, but is now, I believe, obsolete. The horse was played\nin a similar way, but the performer was then called \"Old Balls.\" It is\nno doubt a vestige of the old \"hobby-horse,\"--as the Norwich \"Snap,\" who\nkept his place in the procession of the mayor of that good city till the\ndays of municipal reform, was the last representative of his companion\nthe dragon.\n\nJ.T.\n\n[Nathan also informs us \"that it is very common in the West Riding of\nYorkshire, where a ram's head often takes the place of the horse's\nskull. Has it not an obvious connection with the 'hobby-horse' of the\nmiddle ages, and such mock pageants as the one described in Scott's\n_Abbot_, vol. i. chap. 14.; the whole being a remnant of the Saturnalia\nof the ancients?\"]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nQUERIES.\n\nWHITE HART INN, SCOLE.\n\nIn _Songs and other Poems_, by Alex. Brome, Gent. Lond. 12mo. 1661,\nthere is (at p. 123.) a ballad upon a sign-post set up by one Mr. Pecke,\nat Skoale in Norfolk. It appears from this ballad, that the sign in\nquestion had figures of Bacchus, Diana, Justice, and Prudence, \"a fellow\nthat's small, with a quadrant discerning the wind,\" Temperance,\nFortitude, Time, Charon and Cerberus. This sign is noticed in the\n_Journal_ of Mr. E. Browne (Sir Thomas Browne's Works, ed. Wilkin, i.\n53.). Under date of 4th March, 1663-64, he says:--\"About three mile\nfurther I came to Scoale, where is very handsome inne, and the noblest\nsighne post in England, about and upon which are carved a great many\nstories, as of Charon and Cerberus, of Actaeon and Diana, and many other;\nthe sighne it self is the white harte, which hangs downe carved in a\nstately wreath.\" Blomefield, in his _History of Norfolk_ (8vo. edit. i.\n130.), speaking of Osmundestone or Scole, has the following passage:--\n\n     \"Here are two very good inns for the entertainment of travellers;\n     the _White Hart_ is much noted in these parts, being called, by way\n     of distinction, _Scole Inn_; the house is a large brick building,\n     adorned with imagery and carved work in several places, as big as\n     the life. It was built in 1655, by _John Peck_, Esq., whose arms\n     impaling his wife's, are over the porch door. The sign is very\n     large, beautified all over with a great number of images of large\n     stature carved in wood, and was the work of one _Fairchild_; the\n     arms about it are those of the chief towns and gentlemen in the\n     county, viz. _Norwich, Yarmouth, Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Yarmouth,\n     Bacon of Garboldisham, Hobart, Conwaleis_, impaling _Bukton, Teye,\n     Thurston, Castleton_, and many others; _Peck's_ arms are _arg_. on\n     a chevron ingrailed, _gul_. three croslets pattee of the field; his\n     wife's are _arg_., a fess between two crescents in chief, a lion\n     rampant in base _gul_., which coat I think is borne by the name of\n     _Jetheston_. Here was lately a very round large bed, big enough to\n     hold fifteen or twenty couple, in imitation (I suppose) of the\n     remarkable great bed at _Ware_. The house was in all things\n     accommodated, at first, for large business; but the road not\n     supporting it, it is in much decay at present; though there is a\n     good bowling-green and a pretty large garden, with land sufficient\n     for passengers' horses. The business of these two inns is much\n     supported by the annual cock-matches that are here fought.\"\n\nIn Cruttwell's _Tour through the whole Island of Great Britain_ (Lond.\n12mo. 1801), vol. v. 208., is the following:--\n\n     \"Osmondeston, or Schole. The inn here was once remarkable for a\n     pompous sign, with ridiculous ornaments, and is said to have cost a\n     thousand pounds; long since decayed.\"\n\nI shall be glad to be referred to any other notices of this sign, and am\ndesirous of knowing if any drawing or engraving of it be extant.\n\nC.H. COOPER.\n\nCambridge, 21st Jan. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPASSAGES FROM POPE.\n\nIn addition to the query of \"P.C.S.S.\" (No. 13. p. 201.), in which I\ntake great interest, I would beg leave to ask what evidence there is\nthat Quarles had a _pension?_ He had, indeed, a small _place_ in the\nhousehold of James the First's queen, Anne; and if he had a _pension_ on\nher death, it would have been from James, not from Charles.\n\nI would also, in reference to Pope, beg leave to propound another query.\n\nIn the \"Imitation of the 2nd Sat. Book I. of Horace,\" only to be found\nin modern editions, but attributed, I fear, too justly to Pope, there is\nan allusion to \"poor E----s,\" who suffered by \"_the fatal steel_,\" for\nan intrigue with a royal mistress. E----s is no doubt _John Ellis_, and\nthe royal mistress the _Duchess of Cleveland_. (See Lord Dover's\nIntroduction to the \"Ellis Correspondence,\" and \"Anecdotes of the Ellis\nFamily,\" _Gent. Mag_. 1769. p. 328.) But I cannot discover any trace of\nthe circumstances alluded to by Pope. Yet Ellis was a considerable man\nin his day;--he had been Secretary to the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in\nthe reign of Charles II., and was Under-Secretary of State under William\nIII.; he is said to have afterwards sunk into the humbler character\n{246} of a \"London magistrate,\" and to have \"died in 1788, at 93 or 95,\nimmensely rich.\" I should be glad of any clue to Pope's allusion.\n\nJ.W.C.\n\nFeb 12. 1850.\n\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n    \"Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow;\n    The rest is all but leather and prunello.\"\n\n_Essay on Man_, Epistle IV. 203.\n\nWill your correspondent \"P.C.S.S.\" (No. 13), evidently a critical reader\nof Pope, and probably rich in the possession of various editions of his\nworks, kindly inform me whether any commentator on the poet has traced\nthe well-known lines that I have quoted to the \"Corcillum est, quod\nhomines facit, caetera quisquilia omnia\" of Petronius Arbiter, cap. 75.?\nPope had certainly both read and admired the _Satyricon_, for he\nsays:--\n\n    \"Fancy and art in gay Petronius please,\n    The scholar's learning with the courtier's ease.\"\n\n_Essay on Criticism_, sect. 3\n\nI find no note on the lines either in the edition of Warton, 9 vols.\n8vo., London, 1797, or in Cary's royal 8vo., London, 1839; but the\nsimilarity strikes me as curious, and deserving further examination.\n\nC. FORBES.\n\nTemple.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBELVOIR CASTLE.\n\nIn Nichol's _History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester_, vol.\nii., part i., containing the Framland Hundred, p. 45 of the folio ed.\n1795, occurs the following quotation, in reference to the rebuilding of\nBelvoir castle by Henry, second Earl of Rutland, in 1555:--\n\n     \"That part of the more ancient building, which was left by both\n     unaltered, is included in the following concise description by an\n     ingenious writer, who visited it in 1722:--\n\n        'AEdes in culmine montis sitae, scilicet,\n                                [Greek: aipeia kolonen\n        En pedio apaneuthe, peridromos entha kai entha]'\n\n     aditu difficilis circa montem; cujus latera omnia horti 50 acrarum\n     circumeunt, nisi versus Aquilonem, quo ascenditur ad ostium aedium\n     ubi etiam antiqua jauna arcuato lapide. Versus Occidentem 8\n     fenestrae et 3 in sacello; et ulterior pars vetusta. Versus\n     Aquilonem 10 fenestrae. Facies Australis et Turris de _Staunton_, in\n     qui archiva familiae reponuntur, extructa ante annos circa 400. Pars\n     restat kernellata,\" &c. &c. &c.\n\nThe description goes on for a few more lines; but it matters not to\ncontinue them. I should be much obliged by any of your readers giving an\naccount of who this \"ingenious writer\" was, and on what authority he\nfounded the foregoing observations, as it is a subject of much interest\nto me and others at the present time.\n\nALYTHES.\n\nJan. 28. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMINOR QUERIES.\n\n_MSS. formerly belonging to Dr. Hugh Todd_.--I shall feel most grateful\nto any of your correspondents who can afford me any information, however\nimperfect, respecting the MSS. of Dr. Hugh Todd, Vicar of Penrith, and\nPrebendary of Carlisle, in the beginning of the last century. In the\n_Cat. MSS. Angliae_, &c., 1697, is a catalogue of nineteen MSS, then in\nhis possession, five of which are especially the subject of the present\ninquiry. One is a Chartulary of the Abbey of Fountains, in 4to; another\nis an Act Book of the Consistory Court of York, in the fifteenth\ncentury, in folio; the third is the Chapter Book of the Collegiate\nChurch of Ripon, from 1452 to 1506; the fourth contains Extracts and\nManuscripts from Records relating to the Church of Ripon; and the last\nis apparently a Book of the Acts of the Benefactors to that foundation.\nIn a letter to Humphrey Lawley, dated in 1713, Dr. Todd says he was\nengaged in a work relating to the province of York, and the greater part\nof the MSS. in the catalogue above mentioned appear to have been\ncollected as the materials.\n\nJOHN RICHARD WALBRAN.\n\nFalcroft, Ripon, Jan 31. 1850.\n\n\n_French Leave_--In No. 5. I perceive several answers to the query\nrespecting _Flemish Account_, which I presume to be the same as _Dutch\nAccount_. Can you inform me how the very common expression _French\nLeave_ originated?\n\nW.G.B.\n\n\n_Portugal_.--Can any of your geographical readers inform me if a\nGazetteer of Portugal has been published within these twenty years? If\nthere has been one, in what language, and where published? Information\nof the title of any good modern works on Portugal, giving an account of\nthe minor places, would be acceptable.\n\nNORTHMAN.\n\n\n_Tureen_--How and whence is the term \"tureen\" derived?--and when was it\nintroduced?\n\n    \"At the top there was tripe in a swinging tureen.\"\n\nGoldsmith's _Haunch of Venison_.\n\nG.W.\n\n\n_Military Execution_.--I am very anxious to be referred to the authority\nfor the following anecdote, and remark made on it:--\n\n     \"Some officer, or state prisoner, on being led out to be shot,\n     refused either to listen to a confessor, or to cover his eyes with\n     a handkerchief.\"\n\nThe remark was, that \"he refused a bandage for either mind or body.\" It\nsmacks somewhat of Voltaire.\n\nMELANION.\n\n\n_Change of Name_.--If, as it appears by a recent decision, based,\nperhaps, on a former one by Lord Tenterden, that a man may alter his\nname {247} as he pleases _without the royal license_, I wish to know\nwhat then, is the use of the royal license?\n\nB.\n\n\n_The Symbolism of the Fir-Cone_. What does the \"fir-cone\" in the\nNinevite sculptures mean? Layard does not explain it. Is it there as the\nemblem of fecundity, as the pomegranate of Persia and Syria? Has it\naltogether the same character as the latter fruit? Then--was it carried\ninto Hindostan _via_ Cashmir? When? By the first wave of population\nwhich broke through the passes of the Parapamisus?\n\nB.C.\n\n\n_Kentish Ballad_.--When I was a boy, I can remember hearing a song sung\nin Kent, in praise of that country, which I never could find in print,\nand of which I am now glad to recollect the following stanza:--\n\n    \"When Harold was invaded,\n       And falling lost his crown,\n     And Norman William waded\n       Through gore to pull him down;\n         When countries round\n         With fear profound,\n     To help their sad condition,\n         And lands to save,\n         Base homage gave,\n     Bold Kent made no submission.\"\n\nCan any reader furnish the remainder, and state who is the author?\n\nF.B.\n\n\n_Curious Monumental Brass_.--I have a rubbing of a Brass, presenting\nsome peculiarities which have hitherto puzzled me, but which probably\nsome of your more experienced correspondents can clear up.\n\nThe Brass, from which the rubbing is taken (and which was formerly in\nthe Abbey church of St. Albans, but when I saw it was detached and lying\nat the Rectory), is broken off a little below the waist; it represents\nan abbot, or bishop, clad in an ornamented chasuble, tunic, stole, and\nalb, with a maniple and pastoral staff. So far all is plain; but at the\nback (i.e. on the surface hidden when the Brass lay upon the floor) is\nengraved a dog with a collar and bells, apparently as carefully executed\nas any other part. Can you tell me the meaning of this? I can find no\nmention of the subject either in Boutell or any other authority. The\nfragment is about 18 inches long, and the dog about 6, more or less.\n\nRAHERE.\n\nJan. 26, 1850.\n\n\n_Tickhill, God help me_.--Can any one tell why A Tickhill man, when\nasked where he comes from, says, \"Tickhill, God help me.\" Is it because\nthe people at Tickhill are famed for misery, as the neighbouring town of\nBlythe seems to have been so called from its jolly citizens?\n\nR.F. JOHNSON.\n\n\n_Bishop Blaize_.--I should be much obliged by any reference to\ninformation respecting Bishop Blaize, the Santo Biagio of Agrigentum,\nand patron saint of Ragusa. Butler says little but that he was bishop of\nSebaste, in Armenia, the proximity of which place to Colchis appears to\nme suspicious. Wonderful and horrible tales are told of him; but I\nsuspect his patronage of wool-combers is founded on much more ancient\nlegends. His establishment at Agrigentum must have been previous to\nChristianity. I have a vague remembrance of some mention of him in\nHiggins's _Anacalypsis_, but I have not now access to that work. I wish\nsome learned person would do for other countries what Blunt has partly\ndone for Italy and Sicily; that is, show the connection between heathen\nand Christian customs, &c.\n\nF.C.B.\n\n\n_Vox et praeterea nihil._--Whence come these oft-quoted words? Burton, in\n_The Anatomy of Melancholy_ (not having the book by me, I am unable to\ngive a reference), quotes them as addressed by some one to the\nnightingale. Wordsworth addresses the cuckoo similarly, vol. ii. p.\n81.:--\n\n    \"O, cuckoo! shall I call thee bird,\n    Or but a wandering voice?\"\n\nC.W.G.\n\n\n_Cromwell Relics_.--In Noble's _Memorials of the Protectorate House of\nCromwell_ it is stated, in the Proofs and Illustrations, Letter N, that\nin 1784, there were dispersed in St. Ives a great number of swords,\nbearing the initials of the Protector upon them; and, further, that a\nlarge barn, which Oliver built there, was still standing, and went by\nthe name of Cromwell's Barn; and that the farmer then renting the farm\noccupied by the Protector circa 1630-36, marked his sheep with the\nidentical marking-irons which Oliver used, and which had O.C. upon them.\n\nCan any of your correspondents inform me if any of these relics are\nstill in existence, and, if so, where?\n\nA.D.M.\n\n\n_Lines on \"Woman's Will_.\"--Many of your readers will have heard quoted\nthe following stanza, or something like it:--\n\n    \"The man's a fool who strives by force or skill\n    To stem the torrent of a woman's will;\n    For if she will, she will you may depend on't,\n    And if she won't, she won't, and there's an end on't.\"\n\nI have heard these lines confidently attributed to Shakspeare, Byron,\n&c. by persons unable to verify the quotation, when challenged so to do.\nI can point out where the first two lines may be found with some\nvariation. In _The Adventures of Five Hours_, a comedy translated from\nthe Spanish of Calderon, by Samuel Tuke, and {248} printed in the 12th\nvolume of Dodsley's _Old Plays_ (edit. 1827), in the 5th act (p. 113.),\nthe lines run thus:--\n\n    \"He is a fool, who thinks by force or skill\n     To turn the current of a woman's will.\"\n\nI should be glad if any one could inform me by whom the latter lines\nwere added, and where they may be found in print.\n\nC.W.G.\n\n\n_Pity is akin to Love_.--Where are the following words to be met\nwith?--\n\n    \"For Pity is akin to Love.\"\n\nI have found very similar expressions, but never the exact words as\nabove.\n\nH.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPLIES.\n\nAELFRIC'S COLLOQUY, AND THE A.-S. WORD AEGYPE IN THE A.-S. PSALTER.\n\nIn reference to MR. THORPE'S note (No. 15. p. 232.), I beg leave, with\nall possible respect and deference, to suggest that his joke is not\nquite _ad rem_.--What would do for a _beefsteak_ does not help his\n_mistake_; for it is quite evident that _sprote_ applies to\nfish-_swimming_ and not to fish-_catching_; and I presume that \"useful\nand sagacious\" auxiliary, Dr. Kitchener himself, would hardly have\nventured to deny that _fish_ may _swim quickly_?\n\nNow let us try how MR. THORPE'S proposed _salice=wicker_, or _sallow_,\nwith or without the _basket_, will suit the context. The fisherman is\nasked, \"Quales pisces capias? = What fish do you take?\" The answer is\nAnguillos &c. &c. et qualescunque in amne natant salu = Eels &c. &c.,\nand every sort whatever that in water swimmeth [wicker/sallow] basket!\nLet it be remembered that the question here is not, \"_How_ dost thou\ntake fish?\" which had been put and _answered before_, but \"_What_ fish\ndost thou take?\" and then let common sense decide; for the fisherman\nhaving already mentioned that he cast _nets_ and _hooks_, and\n[_spyrian_/spartas], i.e. _baskets_, now only replies as to the _fish_\nhe takes.\n\nMR. THORPE calls the A.-S. dialogue a _Gloss_; is it not rather an\n_interlineary version_? like those in use, in later times, of Corderius,\nand used for the same purpose.\n\nI have no doubt that upon more mature consideration MR. THORPE will see\nthat it could not be a substantive that was intended; and, as he admits\nmy conjecture to be _specious_, that he will, in the course of his very\nuseful labours, ultimately find it not only specious but correct.\nMeanwhile, I submit to his consideration, that beside the analogy of the\nGothic _sprauto_, we have in Icelandic _spretta_, imperf. _spratt_,\n\"subito movere, repente salire, emicare;\" and _sprettr_, \"cursus\ncitatus,\" and I do think these analogies warrant my conclusion.\n\nI embrace this opportunity of submitting another _conjecture_ respecting\na word in MR. THORPE'S edition of the _Anglo-Saxon Paraphrase of the\nPsalms_. It occurs in Ps. cvi. ver. 10., \"Quid exacerbaverunt eloquium\nDomini,\" &c., which is rendered: \"Forthon hidydan Drihtnes spraece aegwaes\n_aegype_.\" In a note MR. THORPE says: \"_aegype_, non intelligo,\" and gives\na reason for deeming the passage corrupt. To me it seems to express the\ngenerally accepted sense of _exacerbaverunt_: and here a cognate\nlanguage will show us the way. Icelandic _geip_, futilis exaggeratio;\n_atgeipa_, exaggerare, effutire: _aegype_, then, means to _mock_, to\n_deride_, and is allied to _gabban_, to gibe, to jape. In the Psalter\npublished by Spelman it is rendered: hi _gremedon_ spraece godes. In\nNotker it is _widersprachen_, and in the two old Teutonic interlinear\nversion of the Psalms, published by Graff, _verbitterten_ and\n_gebittert_. Let us hear our own interesting old satirist, Piers\nPlouhman [Whitaker's ed. p. 365.]:\n\n     And God wol nat be gyled, quoth Gobelyn, ne be _japed_.\n\nBut I cease, lest your readers should exclaim, Res non verba. When I\nhave more leisure for _word-catching_, should you have space, I may\nfurnish a few more.\n\nS.W. SINGER.\n\nFeb. 11. 1850.\n\n\n_AElfric's Colloquy_.--I have my doubts whether MR. SINGER'S ingenious\nsuggestions for explaining the mysterious word _sprote_ can be\nsustained. The Latin sentence appears clearly to end with the word\n_natant_, as is not only the case in the St. John's MS., mentioned in\nMR. THORPE'S note, but in fact, also in the Cottonian MS. There is a\npoint after _natant_, and then follows the word _Saliu_ (not _salu_)\nwith a capital _S_. Any person who examines the handwriting of this MS.\nwill see that the word, whatever the transcriber may have understood by\nit, was intended by him to stand alone. He must, however, have written\nit without knowing what it meant; and then comes the difficulty of\nexplaining how it got into the MS. from which he copied. It has always\nappeared to me probable that the name of some fish, having been first\ninterlined, was afterwards inserted at random in the text, and mis-spelt\nby a transcriber who did not know its meaning. A word of common\noccurrence he would have been less likely to mistake. Can _saliu_ be a\nmistake for _salar_, and _sprote_ the Anglo-Saxon form of the\ncorresponding modern word _sprod_, i.e. the salmon of the second year?\nThe _salar_ is mentioned by Ausonius in describing the river Moselle and\nits products (_Idyll_. 10, l. 128.). {249}\n\n    \"Teque inter species geminas neutrumque et utrumque,\n     Qui necdum salmo, nec jam salar, ambiguusque\n     Amborum medio fario intercepte sub aevo.\"\n\nI throw out this conjecture to take its chance of refutation or\nacceptance. Valeat quantum!\n\nC.W.G.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nANTONY ALSOP.\n\n\"R.H.\" (No. 14, p. 215.) will find all, I believe, that is known\nrespecting Antony Alsop, in that rich storehouse of materials for the\nliterary history of the last century, Nichols's _Anecdotes_, or in\nChalmers (_Biog. Dict._), who has merely transcribed from it. The volume\nof _Latin Odes_ your correspondent mentions, was published by Sir\nFrancis Bernard, and printed by Bowyer. Some notice of Sir Francis\nBernard will also be found in Nichols.\n\nThe _Odes_ were long circulated in MS.; and I have a copy that once\nbelonged to Thomas Warton, which seems to have been written by G.\nCrochly, of Christchurch College, in 1736. It contains, however, nothing\nthat is not to be found in the printed volume. The Dedication to the\nDuke of Newcastle was written by Bernard, who had intended to have given\na preface and copious notes, as appears by the prospectus he published:\nbut, to our great regret, he was dissuaded from his purpose.\n\nAlsop was a favourite with that worthy man and elegant scholar Dean\nAldrich, at whose instance he published his pleasing little volume,\n_Fabularum AEsopicarum Delectus_, Oxon. 1698. In the preface Bentley is\nthus designated--\"Richardum quendam Bentleium Virum in volvendis Lexicus\nsatis diligentem:\" and there is a severe attack upon him in one of the\nfables, which was not forgotten by the great scholar, who affects to\nspeak of Tony Alsop the fabulist with great contempt.\n\nI have never seen the volume of _Latin and English Poems_ published in\n1738; but, notwithstanding the designation, \"a gentleman of Trinity\nCollege,\" it may be at least partly by Alsop, though he undoubtedly was\nof Christchurch. There are English poems by him, published both in\nDodsley's and Pearch's collection, and several in the early volumes of\nthe _Gentleman's Magazine_. I have the authority of a competent judge\nfor saying, that the very witty, but not quite decent verses in that\nmiscellany, vol. v. p. 216--\"Ad Hypodidasculum quendam plagosum, alterum\norbilium, ut uxorem duceret, Epistola hortativa.\" Subscribed \"Kent,\nLady-day, 1835\"--are Alsop's. He took the degree of M.A. in 1696, and of\nB.D. in 1706, and, by favour of the Bishop of Winchester, got a prebend\nin his cathedral, and the rectory of Brightwell, Berks. He was\naccidentally drowned in a ditch leading to his garden gate, in 1726.\nThere is good reason to believe that a MS. life of him is to be found\namong the Rawlinson MSS., which it may be worth while to consult.\n\nIt will be remembered that Christchurch was the head-quarters of the\nphalanx of wits opposed to Bentley.\n\n    \"Nor wert thou, Isis, wanting to the day,\n     [Tho' Christchurch long kept prudishly away,\"]\n\nis Pope's ironical banter; and he has not failed to mention Alsop and\nFreind in Bentley's speech:--\n\n    \"Let Freind affect to speak as Terence spoke,\n     And Alsop never but like Horace joke,\"\n\nwhere the note says, \"Dr. Antony Alsop, a happy imitator of the Horatian\nstyle.\"\n\nIndeed, Alsop seems to have been duly esteemed and appreciated by his\ncontemporaries; and every tasteful scholar will concur in the opinion\nthat his truly elegant Sapphics deserve a place among the few volumes of\nmodern Latin verse, which he would place near Cowper's more extensively\nknown favourite, Vinny Bourne.\n\nS.W.S.\n\n\nAntony Alsop, respecting whom a query appears in No. 14. p. 215., was of\nChristchurch, under the famous Dr. Aldrich, by whom the practice of\nsmoking was so much enjoyed and encouraged. The celebrated Sapphic ode,\naddressed by Alsop to Sir John Dolben, professes to have been written\nwith a pipe in his mouth:--\n\n    \"Dum tubum, ut mos est meus, ore versans,\n     Martiis pensans quid agam calendas,\n     Pone stat Sappho monitisque miscet\n                      Blanda severis.\"\n\nAnt. Alsop took his degree of M.A. March 23. 1696, B.D. Dec. 1706. He\ndied June 10, 1726; and the following notice of his death appears in the\n_Historical Register_ for that year:--\n\n\"Dy'd Mr. Antony Alsop, Prebendary of Winchester, and Rector of\nBrightwell, in the county of Berks. He was killed by falling into a\nditch that led to his garden door, the path being narrow, and part of it\nfoundering under his feet.\"\n\nI believe Alsop was not the author of a volume by a gentleman of Trinity\nCollege, and that he never was a member of that society; but that doubt\nis easily removed by reference to the entry of his matriculation at\nOxford.\n\nW.H.C.\n\nTemple.\n\n\n\"R.H.\" inquires, whether Antony Alsop was at Trinity College before he\nbecame a student of Christchurch? I have considered it to be my duty to\nexamine the Admission Registers of Trinity College in my possession\nsince the foundation of the college; and I can only say, that I do not\nfind the name in any of them. That he was at Christchurch, and admitted\nthere as a student, is recorded by his biographers. It is also {250}\nsaid, that he was elected at once from Westminster to Christchurch,\nwhere he took the degree of M.A. March 23. 1696, and that of B.D. Dec.\n12. 1706. He was soon distinguished by Dean Aldrich as worthy of his\npatronage and encouragement. He was consequently appointed tutor and\ncensor, and in course of time left college, on his promotion to a\nprebendal stall in Winchesser Cathedral by Sir Jonathan Trelawney, the\nthen Bishop, with the rectory of Brightwell, near Wallingford; at which\nlatter place he chiefly resided till the time of his death, which\nhappened by an accident, June 10. 1726. Sir Francis Bernard, Bart., who\nhad himself been a student of Christchurch, published the 4to. volume of\n_Latin Odes_ mentioned by \"R.H.,\" Lond. 1753; for which he had issued\n_Proposals_, &c., so early as July, 1748. In addition to these _Odes_,\nfour English poems by Alsop are said to be in Dodsley's collection, one\nin Pearch's, several in the early volumes of the _Gentleman's Magazine_,\nand some in _The Student_. Dr. Bentley calls him, rather familiarly,\n\"Tony Alsop, editor of the _AEsopian Fables_;\" a work published by him at\nOxford, in 1698, 8 vo., in the preface to which he took part against Dr.\nBentley, in the dispute with Mr. Boyle.\n\nJ.I.\n\nTrinity College, Oxford.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.\n\n\n_Origin of the Word \"Snob\"_.--I think that _Snob_ is not an archaism,\nand that it cannot be found in any book printed fifty years ago. I am\naware that in the north of England shoe-makers are still sometimes\ncalled _Snobs_; but the word is not in Brockett's _Glossary of North\nCountry Words_, which is against its being a genuine bit of northern\ndialect.\n\nI fancy that _Snobs_ and _Nobs_, as used in vulgar parlance, are of\nclassic derivation; and, most probably, originated at one of the\nUniversities, where they still flourish. If a _Nob_ be one who is\n_nobilis_, a _Snob_ must be one who is _s[ine] nob[ilitate]_. Not that I\nmean to say that the _s_ is literally a contraction of _sine_; but that,\nas in the word slang, the _s_, which is there prefixed to _language_, at\nonce destroys the better word, and degrades its meaning; and as, in\nItalian, an _s_ prefixed to a primitive word has a privative\neffect--e.g. _calzare_, \"to put on shoes and stockings;\" _scalzare_, \"to\nput them off:\" _fornito_, \"furnished;\" _sfornito_, \"unfurnished,\" &c.;\nas also the _dis_, in Latin (from which, possibly, the aforesaid _s_ is\nderived), has the like reversing power, as shown in _continue_ and\n_discontinue_--so _nob_, which is an abbreviation of _nobilis_, at once\nreceives the most ignoble signification on having an _s_ put before it.\n\nThe word _Scamp_, meaning literally a fugitive from the field, one _qui\nex campo exit_, affords another example of the power of the initial _s_\nto reverse the signification of a word.\n\nAll this, Mr. Editor, is only conjecture, in reply to \"ALPHA's\" query\n(No. 12 p. 185.); but perhaps you will receive it, if no better\netymology of the word be offered.\n\nA.G.\n\nEcclesfield, Jan. 21. 1850.\n\n\n_Derivation(?) of \"Snob\" and \"Cad.\"_--I am informed by my son, who goeth\nto a Latin school, that _Snob_ (which is a word he often useth) cometh\nof two Latin words; to wit, \"_sine obolo_\"--as who should say, \"one that\nhath not a cross to bless himself.\" He saith, that the man behind the\nomnibus is called \"_Cad_,\" \"_a non cadendo_.\" Your humble servant,\n\nTHE GOVERNOR.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n_Mr. Macaulay and Bishop Burnet_.--The passage in which Mr. Macaulay\ncalls Burnet \"a rash and partial writer,\" alluded to by your\ncorrespondent in No. 3. p. 40., occurs towards the end of his Essay on\n\"Sir William Temple,\" p. 456. of the new edition in one volume.\n\nETONIENSIS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n_Circulation of the Blood_.--\"A.W.\" (No. 13. p. 202.) is referred to\nSmith's _Dictionary of Biography_, article NEMESIUS.\n\nJ.E.B. MAYOR.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n_Genealogy of European Sovereigns_.--I send the full title of a book\nwhich I would recommend to your correspondent \"Q.X.Z.,\" (No. 6. p.\n92.):--\n\n     GENEALOGIE ASCENDANTE,\n\n     JUSQU'AU QUATRIEME DEGRE INCLUSIVEMENTS, De tous les Rois et\n     Princes de Maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans;\n     reduite en CXIV. Tables de XVI. Quartiers, composees selon les\n     Principes du Blazon; avec une Table Generale.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n     \"La noblesse, Daugaux, n'est point une chimere, Quand sous\n     l'etroite loi d'une vertu severe, Un homme, issu d'un sang fecond\n     en demi-dieux, Suit, comme toi, la trace ou marchaient ses ayeux.\"\n     Boileau, S.v.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nA BERLIN:\n\nAu Depens de l'Autheur: se vend chez Etienne de Bourdeaux, Libraire;\nimprime chez Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel.\n\nMDCCLXVIII.\n\nI presume that it is of some rarity, never having met with any other\ncopy than the one from which I transcribed this title.\n\nSome of your correspondents may, perhaps, be able to give the name of\nthe Author who, as far as I have had occasion to refer, seems to have\ndone his work carefully.\n\nT.W.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n_Sir Stephen Fox._--I have seen it stated in some biographical\ndictionary, that Sir Stephen Fox was a younger brother of \"John Fox,\nEsq.,\" who was a devoted Royalist at the time of the great Rebellion,\nand fought at the battle of Worcester, {251} and after the Restoration\nwas Clerk of the Acatry, in the household of Charles the Second.\n\nMr. Suckling, in his _History of Suffolk_, claims for a family some time\nseated at Stradbrook, in that county, a consanguinity with the\ndescendants of Sir Stephen.\n\nOn an altar-tomb in Stadbrook churchyard are inscribed notices of many\nmembers of this family, but without dates. One is rather extraordinary,\nmaking the lives of a father and son together to amount to 194 years.\nAmongst them is this:--\n\n     \"Here is hourly expected, Simon the next descendant, with his son\n     Simon, who died young, tho' still preserved to be interr'd with his\n     father at the earnest request of his pious mother the Lady Hart.\n     And also Major John Fox, with his issue, who during the late\n     rebellion loyally behav'd himself, undergoing with great courage\n     not only the danger of the field, but many severe imprisonments.\"\n\nThe arms on this tomb differ from those of Lords Ilchester and Holland,\nbeing simply three foxes' heads erased.\n\nShould this note supply a clue for your correspondent \"VULPES\" to\nidentify Major John Fox with the brother of Sir Stephen, on knowing that\nhe has found the scent I shall be able to assist him in unearthing the\nwhole litter.\n\nVENATOR.\n\n\n_French Maxim_.--The maxim inquired after by \"R.V.\" (No. 14. p. 215.)\nundoubtedly belongs to Rochefoucault. I have met with a somewhat similar\npassage in Massillon:--\n\n     \"Le vice rend hommage a la vertu en s'honorant de sus apparences.\"\n\nJ.B.M.\n\nFeb. 5. 1850.\n\n\n_Shipster_.--A _scip-steora_ among our Anglo-Saxon ancestors was a pilot\n(\"_ship-steerer_\"). The word has descended to our own times in the\nsurname of the family Shipster. As a common noun it was not obsolete in\nthe days of Wynkyn de Worde, who printed that curious production \"_Cock\nLorelle's Bote_,\" one line of which runs thus:--\n\n     \"With gogle-eyed Tomson, _shepster_ of Lyn.\"\n\nIt is pretty certain, however, that this masculine occupation was not\nthe one followed by \"Marie Fraunceys de Suthwerk!\"\n\nPray accept this \"Reply\" for what it is worth. Perhaps I might have done\nbetter by meeting Mr. John R. Fox's \"Query\" (No. 14. p. 216.) with\nanother. Should not the designation of Marie F. be _Spinster_ instead of\nShipster?\n\nMARK ANTONY LOWER.\n\nLewes, Feb. 2.\n\n\n_Sparse_.--Permit me to refer your correspondent \"C. FORBES\" for a reply\nto his query, p. 215. of your last Number, to the article \"Americanism\"\nin the _Penny Cyclopaedia_, the author of which observes:--\n\n     \"_Sparse_ is, for any thing we know, a new word, and well applied;\n     the Americans say a _sparse_ instead of a scattered population; and\n     we think the term has a more precise meaning than scattered, and is\n     the proper correlative of _dense_.\"\n\nIn the _Imperial Dictionary_ (avowedly based upon Webster's American\nwork, which I cannot at this moment refer to in its original form), the\nword in question is given both as an adjective and as a verb, and the\nderivatives \"sparsed,\" \"sparsedly,\" \"sparsely,\" and \"sparseness,\" are\nalso admitted. The reference given for the origin of \"sparse\" is to the\nLatin \"_sparsus_, scattered, from _spargo_;\" and the definitions are, 1.\n\"Thinly scattered, set or planted here and there; as, a _sparse_\npopulation:\" and, 2., as a botanical term, \"not opposite, not alternate,\nnor in any regular order; applied to branches, leaves, peduncles, &c.\"\n\nJ.T. STANESBY.\n\n\n_Cosmopolis--Complutensian Polyglot_.--Though in considerable haste, I\nmust send replies to the fourth and eighth queries of my friend Mr.\nJebb, No. 14. p. 213.\n\n_Cosmopolis_ was certainly Amsterdam. That the _Interpretationes\nparadoxae quatuor Evangeliorum_, by Christophorus Christophori Sandius,\nwere there printed, appears from this writer's _Bibliotheca\nAnti-Trinitarionum_, p. 169., Freistad, 1684. I may add that \"Coloniae\"\nsignifies \"Amstelaedami\" in the title-page of Sandius's _Nucleus Historiae\nEcclesiasticae_, 1676, and in the _Appendix Addendorum_, 1678, 4to.\n\nWith regard to the MSS. used in the formation of the text of the\n_Complutensian Polyglot_, Mr. Jebb will find an account of their\ndiscovery in a letter addressed by Dr. James Thompson to the editor of\n_The Biblical Review_. See also _The Irish Ecclesiastical Journal_ for\nApril 1847.\n\nR.G.\n\n\n_Complutensian Polyglot_.--The following extract from \"The Prospectus of\na Critical Edition of the New Testament,\" by the learned Mr. S. Prideaux\nTregelles, affords a satisfactory reply to Mr. Jebb's query, No. 14. p.\n212.:--\n\n     \"However there is now more certainty as to the MSS. belonging to\n     the University of Alcala. Dr. James Thompson has published\n     (_Biblical Review_, March, 1847), the result of inquiries made\n     thirty years ago by Dr. Bowring, and more recently by himself.\n     Hence it appears that all the MSS. which formerly were known as\n     belonging to Cardinal Ximenes, and which were preserved in the\n     library of Alcala, are now with the rest of that library, at\n     Madrid....Dr. Jose Gutierrez, the present librarian at Madrid,\n     communicated to Dr. J. Thomson a catalogue of the Complutensian\n     MSS., and from this it appears that the principal MSS. used in the\n     Polyglott are all safely preserved.\"\n\nJ. MILNER BARRY.\n\nTotnes, Feb. 6. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{252}\n\n_Christmas Hymn._--Your correspondent \"E.V.\" (No. 13. p. 201.) asks for\nthe author of the Christmas Hymn--\n\n     \"Hark! the Herald Angels sing.\"\n\nI believe it to be the composition of the Rev. Charles Wesley, the\nyounger brother of the celebrated John Wesley: he was born in 1708, and\ndied in 1788. He was the author of many of the hymns in his brother's\ncollection, which are distinguished for their elegance and simplicity. I\nam not able to find out, for certain, whether he had another name; if he\nhad, it was probably the occasion of the initials (J.C.W.) your\ncorrespondent mentions.\n\nJ.K.R.W.\n\n\n_Sir Jeffery Wyattville._--Sir Jeffery Wyattville, respecting whom\n\"J.P.\" inquires (No. 14. p. 215.), was knighted at Windsor Castle, Dec.\n9, 1828., on the king entering into possession after the restoration.\n\nS.G.\n\n[To which may be added, on the information of our valued correspondent\n\"C.,\" \"that it was about 1824 that Mr. Wyatt, being appointed by George\nIV. to conduct the improvements at Windsor Castle, had the absurd\nambition of distinguishing himself from the other architects of his name\nby changing it to _Wyattville_. This produced the following epigram in,\nI think, the _Morning Chronicle_:--\n\n    \"'Let GEORGE whose restlessness leaves nothing quiet,\n      Change, if he will, the good old name of _Wyatt_;\n      But let us hope that their united skill\n      May not make _Windsor Castle--Wyattsville!_'\"]\n\n\n_\"Peruse.\"_--In reply to the question of \"H.W.\" (No. 14. p. 215.),\nalthough from want of minute reference I have been unable to find, in\nthe original edition, the quotation from Frith's works, I beg leave to\nsuggest that the word \"Peruse\" is a misprint, and that the true reading\nis \"Pervise.\" To this day the first examination at Oxford, commonly\ncalled the \"Little-Go,\" is \"Responsiones in _Parviso_.\" It must not,\nhowever, be supposed that \"Pervise,\" or \"Parvise,\" is derived from the\nLatin \"Parvus;\" the origin, according to Spelman and succeeding\netymologists, is the French \"Le Parvis,\" a church porch.\n\nIn London the Parvis was frequented by serjeants at law: see Chaucer,\n_Prol. Cant. Tales_. There is a difference of opinion where it was\nsituated: see Tyrwhitt's _Gloss_. The student in ecclesiastical history\nmay compare _Leo Allatius de Templis Graecorum_, p. 44.\n\nT.J.\n\n\n_Autograph Mottoes of Richard Duke of Gloucester and Harry Duke of\nBuckingham_. (No. 9. p. 138.)--There can be no doubt that \"Mr. NICOLS\"\nis somewhat wrong in his interpretation of the Duke of Buckingham's\nMotto. It is evident that both mottoes are to be read continuously, and\nthat \"souene\" is the third person singular of a verb having \"loyaulte\"\nfor its nominative case. It appears to me that the true reading of the\nword is \"soutienne,\" and that the meaning of the motto is \"My feelings\nof loyalty often sustain me in my duty to the King when I am tempted to\njoin those who bear no good feeling towards him.\" So that we shall have\nin English,\n\n    Loyalty binds me}\n    Richard Gloucester.}\n\n    Often sustains me}\n    Harry Buckingham.}\n\nARUN.\n\n\n_Boduc._--Your correspondent \"P.\" (No. 12, p. 185.) seems to consider\nthe \"prevailing opinion,\" that _Boduc_ or _Boduoc_ on the British coin\nmust be intended for our magnanimous Queen Boadicea, to be merely a\n\"pleasing vision,\" over which he is \"_sorry_ to cast a cloud.\" Yet his\nown remark, that the name Budic (a mere difference in spelling) is often\nfound among families of the Welsh in Brittany, and that the name was\nonce common in England, serves only to confirm the common opinion that\n_Boduoc_ on the coins was intended as the name of the British Queen.\n\nDio expressly writes her name in Greek Boudouica, which approaches\nnearly to Budic. In Cornwall we still find Budock, the name of a parish\nand of a saint. In Oxford there was a church formerly called from St.\nBudoc, long since destroyed. Leland mentions a Mr. Budok, and his manor\nplace, and S. Budok Church. His opinion was, that \"this Budocus was an\nIrisch man, and cam into Cornewalle, and ther dwellid.\" Whether there\nwas a Regulus of Britain of this name, is not material. I am not\nprepared to cast a cloud over it, if it should be found. Our motto\nshould be, \"ex fumo dare lucem,\" &c.\n\nANTINEPHELEGERETA.\n\nOxford.\n\n\n_Annus Trabeationis_.--I am sure that you will allow me to correct an\noversight in your reply to a query of \"G.P.,\" in No. 7. p. 105. You have\nattributed to Du Cange a sentence in the Benedictine addition to his\nexplanation of the term _Trabeatio_. (_Glossar_. tom. vi. col. 1158.\nVenet. 1740.) This word certainly signifies the Incarnation of Christ,\nan not his Crucifixion. Besides the occurrence of \"trabea carnis\nindutus,\" at the commencement of a sermon on S. Stephen by S. Fulgentius\nRuspensis, I have just now met with the expressions, \"trabea carnis\nvelatus,\" and \"carnis trabea amicti,\" in a copy of the _editio princeps_\nof the Latin version of Damascen's books in defence of Image-worship, by\nGodefridus Tilmannus, fol. 30 b. 39 a, 4to. Paris, 1555.\n\nR.G.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{253}\n\nMISCELLANIES.\n\n_Pursuits of Literature._--The lines upon the pursuits of literature,\nquoted by you at p. 212., remind me of some others, which I have heard\nascribed to Mr. Grattan, and are as follows:--\n\n    \"'Tis well, Pursuits of Literature!\n    But who, and what is the pursuer,\n    A Jesuit cursing Popery:\n    A railer preaching charity;\n    A reptile, nameless and unknown,\n    Sprung from the slime of Warburton,\n    Whose mingled learning, pride, and blundering,\n    Make wise men stare, and set fools wondering.\"\n\nX.\n\n\n_Doctor Dobbs and his Horse Nobbs_.--I remember having read somewhere of\n\"Doctor Dobbs and his horse Nobbs,\" but where I cannot now recall. I\nonly remember one anecdote. The horse Nobbs was left, one cold night,\noutside a cottage, whilst the Doctor was within officiating as\naccoucheur (I believe); when he was ready to start, and came out, he\nfound the horse apparently dead. The Doctor was miles from home, and, as\nthe horse was dead, and the night dark, in place of walking home, he,\nwith his host, dragged the horse into the kitchen, and skinned him, by\nway of passing the time profitably. But, lo! when the skinning was\nfinished, the horse gave signs of returning animation. What was to be\ndone? Doctor Dobbs, fertile in resources, got sheepskins and sewed them\non Nobbs, and completely clothed him therein; and--mirabile dictu!--the\nskins became attached to the flesh, Nobbs recovered, and from\nthenceforward carried a _woolly_ coat, duly shorn every summer, to the\nprofit of Doctor Dobbs, and to the wonder and admiration of the\nneighbourhood.\n\nI have also read somewhere that Coleridge told the story of \"Doctor\nDobbs and his horse Nobbs\" to Southey at Oxford.\n\nJ.M.B.\n\n\n_Dr. Dobbs and his Horse Nobbs_.--Although of small moment, it is,\nperhaps, worth recording, that a Doctor Daniel Dove, of Doncaster, and\nhis horse Nobbs, form the subjects of a paper in \"The Nonpareil, or the\nQuintessence of Wit and Humour,\" published in 1757, and which, there can\nbe little doubt, was the source whence Southey adopted, _without\nalteration_, the names so well known to all readers of the _Doctor_.\n\nJNO. SUDLOW.\n\nManchester.\n\n\nSeeing the communication of \"P.C.S.S.\" (p. 73.), reminds me of a note\ntaken from our Parish Register:--\n\n     \"1723. Feb. 10. 'Dorothy Dove, gentlewoman, bur.'\"\n\nI have never seen the name in connection with Doncaster before or since\nthe above date.\n\nJ.S.\n\nDoncaster, Jan. 15.\n\n\n         --SI PROPIUS STES,\n          TE CAPIET MINUS.\n\n    _(From the Latin of Vincent Bourne.)_\n\n    Glide down the Thames by London Bridge, what time\n    St. Saviour's bells strike out their evening chime;\n    Forth leaps the ompetuous cataract of sound,\n    Dash'd into noise by countless echoes round.\n    Pass on--it follows--all the jarring notes\n    Blend in celestial harmony, that floats\n    Above, below, around: the ravish'd ear\n    Finds all the fault its own--it was TOO NEAR.\n\nRUFUS.\n\n\n_St. Evona's Choice._--To your citation of Ben Jonson's exceptional case\nof the Justice Randall as \"a lawyer an honest man,\" in justice add the\nname of the learned and elegant author of _Eunomus_; for Mr. Wynne\nhimself tells the story of St. Evona's choice (Dialogue II. p. 62. 3rd\ned. Dublin, 1791), giving his authority in the following note:--\n\n     \"The story here dressed up is told in substance in a small book\n     published in 1691, called a _Description of the Netherlands_,\" p.\n     58.\n\nIn strict law, Sir, the profession may in courts of Momus be held bound\nby the act of the respectable but unlucky St. Evona; but in equity, let\nme respectfully claim release, for Evona was a _churchman_.\n\nA TEMPLAR.\n\n[We gladly insert our correspondent's \"claim to release,\" but doubt\nwhether he can establish it; inasmuch as St. Ivo or Evona, canonized on\naccount of his great rectitude and profound knowledge both of civil and\ncanon law, was both lawyer and churchman, like the CLERICUS so recently\ndiscussed in our columns; and clearly sought for and obtained his patron\nsaint in his legal character.]\n\n\n_Muffins and Crumpets, &c._--Not being quite satisfied with the\netymology of \"muffin,\" in p. 205., though brought by Urquhart from\nPhoenicia and the Pillars of Hercules, I am desirous of seeking\nadditional illustration. Some fancy that \"coffee\" was known to Athenaeus,\nand that he saw it _clearly_ in the \"black broth\" of the Lacedaemonian\nyouth. In the same agreeable manner we are referred to that instructive\nand entertaining writer for the corresponding luxury of \"muffins.\"\n_Maphula_, we are told, was one of those kinds of bread named as such by\nAthenaeus; that is to say, \"a cake baked on a hearth or griddle.\" If we\nneed go so far, why not fetch our muffins from Memphis, which is _Moph_\nin Hebrew? (See _Hosea_, ix. 6.) It is, perhaps, _mou-pain_, in old\nFrench, _soft bread_, easily converted into _mouffin_. So \"crumpet\" may\nbe a corruption of _crumpate_ a paste made of fine flour, slightly\nbaked. The only difficulty would then be in the {254} first syllable,\nconcerning, which the ingenuity of your various correspondents, Mr.\nEditor, may be exercised to some effect. Is it connected with the use of\nthe _crimping_ irons in producing these delicacies?\n\nHYPOMAGIRUS.\n\nOxford.\n\n\n_Dulcarnon_.--Dulcarnon is one of those words in Chaucer which Tyrwhitt\nprofesses that he does not understand. It occurs in _Trolius and\nCreseide_, book iii. 931.933. Creseide says:--\n\n    \"I am, til God me better minde sende,\n    At _Dulcarnon_, right at my witt'is ende.\n      Quod Pandarus ye nece, wol ye here,\n    _Dulcarnon_ clepid is fleming[3] of wretches.\"\n\nThis passage of _Trolius and Creseide_ is quoted in the life of Sir\nThomas More, given in Wordsworth's _Ecclesiastical Biography_. More's\ndaughter said to him, when he was in prison, \"Father, I can no further\ngoe; I am come, as Chaucer said of Cressid Dulcarnon, to my witt's end.\"\n\nHas this passage been satisfactorily explained since Tyrwhitt's time?\nThe epithet \"Dulcarnon\" is mentioned in a note to the translation of\nRichard de Bury's _Philobiblon_, London, 1832. I give the note in full.\nIt is in reference to the word \"Ellefuga\":--\n\n     \"This word was a pons asinorum to some good Grecians,--but that is\n     probably its meaning[4]; at least making it the name of a problem\n     gets over all difficulty. The allusion is to the flight of Helle,\n     who turned giddy in taking a flying leap, mounted on a ram, and\n     fell into the sea;--so weak a head fails in crossing the pons. The\n     problem was invented by Pythagoras, 'and it hath been called by\n     barbarous writers of the latter time Dulcarnon,'--_Billingsley_.\n     This name may have been invented after our author's time. Query\n     [Greek: dolkarenon].\"\n\nIf we take the words \"Dulcarnon\" in this sense, it will help to explain\nthe passage in the _Troilus and Creseide_.\n\nE.M.B.\n\n\n_Bishop Barnaby_.--The origin of the term \"Bishop Barnaby,\" as applied\nto the Lady-bird, is still unexplained.\n\nI wish to observe, as having some possible connexion with the subject,\nthat the word \"Barnaby\" in the seventeenth century appears to have had a\nparticular political signification.\n\nFor instance, I send you a pamphlet (which you are welcome to, if you\nwill accept of it) called \"_The Head of Nile, or the Turnings and\nWindings of the Factious since Sixty, in a dialogue between Whigg and\nBarnaby_,\" London, 1681. In this dialog, Whigg, as might be expected, is\nthe exponent of all manner of abominable opinions, whilst Barnaby is\nrepresented as the supporter of orthodoxy.\n\nAgain, in the same year was published Durfey's comedy, \"_Sir Barnaby\nWhigg_,\" the union of the two names indicating that the knight's\nopinions were entirely regulated by his interest.\n\nQ.D.\n\nP.S. The pamphlet above alluded to affords another instance of the use\nof the word \"Factotum,\" at page 41.: \"before the Pope had a great house\nthere, and became Dominus Factotum, Dominus Deus noster Papu.\"\n\n\n_Barnacles_.--In _Speculum Mundi, or a Glass representing the Face of\nthe World_, by John Swan, M.A., 4th edit., 1670, is the following\nmention of the Barnacle goose (pp. 243, 244.):--\n\n     \"In the north parts of _Scotland_, and in the places adjacent,\n     called _Orchades_, are certain trees found, whereon there groweth a\n     certain kind of shell-fish, of a white colour, but somewhat tending\n     to a russet; wherein are contained little living creatures. For in\n     time of maturity the shells do open, and out of them by little and\n     little grow those living creatures; which falling into the water\n     when they drop out of their shells, do become fowls, such as we\n     call _Barnacles_ or _Brant Geese_; but the other that fall upon the\n     land, perish and come to nothing.\"\n\nThe author then quotes the passage from Gerard where mention is made of\nthe Barnacle.\n\nHENRY KERSLEY.\n\n\n_Ancient Alms-Dishes_.--I have one of these dishes; diameter 1 foot\n4-3/4 inches, and its height 1-1/2 inch. The centre is plain, without\nany device, and separated from the circle of inscription by a bold\nembossed pattern.\n\nThe inscription is _Der infrid gehwart_, in raised (not engraved)\ncapital letters, 1 inch long, repeated three times in the circle. Mine\nis a handsome dish of mixed metal; yielding, when struck, a fine sound\nlike that of a gong. It has devices of leaves, &c. engraved on the broad\nmargin, but no date.\n\nI have seen another such dish, in the collection of the late William\nHooper, Esq., of Ross, part of which (and I think the whole of the under\nside) had been enamelled, as part of the enamel still adhered to it. In\nthe centre was engraved the temptation in Eden; but it was without\nlegend or date.\n\nP.H.F.\n\n\n_Why the American Aborigines are called Indians_.--I have often\nwondered how the aborigines of America came to be called Indians; and\nfor a considerable time I presumed it to be a popular appellation\narising from their dark colour. Lately, however, I fell in with a copy\nof _Theatrum Orbis Terrarum_. Antwerp, 1583, by Abraham Ortelius,\ngeographer to the king; and, in the map entitled _Typus Orbis Terrarum_.\nI find America called _America, sive India Nova_. How it came to get\n{255} the name of _India Nova_ is of course another question, and one\nwhich at present I cannot answer.\n\nNORTHMAN.\n\n\n     [Footnote 3: Fleming; banishing? from _fleme_, A.S. to banish.]\n\n     [Footnote 4: \"Helleflight,\" as given in the translation, p. 178.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.\n\nThe arrangements for the _Exhibition of Works of Ancient and Mediaeval\nArt_ at the rooms of the Society of Arts in the Adelphi, are proceeding\nmost satisfactorily. Her MAJESTY and PRINCE ALBERT have manifested the\ninterest they feel in its success, by placing at the disposal of the\nCommittee for the purposes of the approaching Exhibition a selection\nfrom the magnificent collection of such objects which is preserved at\nWindsor.\n\nMessrs. Puttick and Simpson, of 191. Piccadilly, will sell on Thursday\nnext, and five following days, the extensive and valuable Library of a\nwell known and eminent Collector; comprising some very early printed\nbooks of extreme rarity, numerous French, Spanish, and Italian early\nRomances, an extensive series of ancient Italian Books quoted by the\n_Academia della Crusea,_ ancient and modern Books of Travels, and\nOriental Books and MSS.; amongst which latter are the original MSS. of\nthe celebrated M. Jules de Klaproth.\n\nWe have received the following Catalogues:--\n\n     \"A Catalogue of Scientific and Mathematical Books, comprising\n     Architecture, Astrology, Magic, Chess, and other Games; Fine Arts,\n     Heraldry, Naval and Military, Numismatics, Penmanship and Short\n     Hand, Typography, and Miscellaneous Books now selling at the\n     reduced prices affixed by William Brown, 130. and 131. Old Street,\n     St. Luke's, London.\"\n\n     \"Catalogue (Part I. Feb. 1. 1850) of Choise, Useful and Curious\n     Books in most departments of Literature, on Sale, at the very low\n     prices affixed, by John Russell Smith, 4, Old Compton Street, Soho\n     Square.\"\n\n     \"William Dobson Reeves' Catalogue of Books (Many Rare and Curious),\n     now on Sale at 98. Chancery Lane.\"\n\n     \"Catalogue of very Cheap Books, chiefly Divinity, with a Selection\n     of Miscellaneous Literature, on Sale, for Ready Money, by T.\n     Arthur, No. 496. New Oxford street.\"\n\n     \"A Catalogue of Fathers of the Church, and Ecclesiastical Writers\n     to the Fifteenth Century, arranged in Chronological Order, with\n     Collections, Analyses and Selections, Illustrative and Introductory\n     Works, and an Alphabetical Index of Authors; on Sale at the Low\n     Prices affixed, for Ready Money, by C.J. Stewart, 11. King William\n     Street, West Strand.\"\n\nWe had occasion in a former Number (No. 5. p. 78) to speak in terms of\nhigh and deserved praise of Mr. Stewart's \"Catalogue of Bibles and\nBiblical Literature;\" the present is no less deserving of commendation,\nin as much as it gives not only the Fathers and Ecclesiastical Writers\nin Chronological order, according to Centuries (to each of which, by the\nway, Mr. Stewart affixes its distinctive character, Apostolic, Gnostic,\n&c., as given by Cave); but also marking the precise period in which\nthey severally flourished, so as to show their succession in each\ncentury. So that this Catalogue, with its Index, and its tempting\nquotations from Cranmer and Bishop Hall, which we regret we have not\nroom to quote, will really be most useful to all Students of Theology\nand Ecclesiastical History.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES\n\nWANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\n(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos_.)\n\nGLAMORGANSHIRE PEDIGREES, from the MSS. of Sir Isaac Heard, Knt. By SIR\nTHOMAS PHILLIPS, Bart. 1845.\n\nA LITTLE WELSH ACCOUNT OF THE PRINCIPALITY OF WALES. By D.T. First\nprinted about the year 1720.\n\nRICHARDS' (WM.) REVIEW OF THE MEMOIRS OF THE PROTECTURAL HOUSE OF\nCROMWELL. By Rev. MARK NOBLE. 1787.\n\nHEARNE'S RICHARD II.; to which is subjoined, SIR RICHARD WYNNE'S\nNARRATIVE OF HIS JOURNEY INTO SPAIN.\n\nA LETTER TO THE RIGHT HON. SIR CHARLES LONG, ON THE IMPROVEMENT PROPOSED\nAND NEW CARRYING ON IN THE WESTERN PART OF LONDON, A Pamphlet, 8vo. 1825\nor 1826.\n\nLORD FARNBOROUGH'S PAMPHLET UPON THE IMPROVEMENT OF WESTMINSTER.\nPublished the latter end of 1826, or January 1827.\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to\nbe sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet\nStreet.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.\n\nWe are again compelled, by want of space, to omit many Articles that are\nin type; among others, one by Mr. Hampson, on _King Alfred's Geography\nof Europe_; _Extracts from Accounts of St. Antholin's_, The Rev. Dr.\nTodd _On the Etymology of Armagh_; as well as many NOTES, QUERIES, and\nREPLIES; and our acknowledgments of COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED. We are for\nthe same reason under the necessity of abridging our usual weekly NOTES\nON BOOKS, &c.\n\nR.M. JONES, Chesea. To the queries of this correspondent (No. 14. p.\n217.), who inquired for the best Treatise on the Microscope, and where\nto purchase the most perfect instrument, we have received many replies,\nall agreeing in one point--namely, that Mr. Queckett's is the best work\non the subject--but differing mostly as to who is the best maker. Mr.\nJones is recommended to join the Microscopical Society, 21. Regent\nStreet, where he will see some of the best-constructed and most valuable\nmicroscopes ever made; and then can make his choice.\n\nTo correspondents inquiring as to the mode of procuring \"_NOTES AND\nQUERIES_,\" we have once more to explain, that every bookseller and\nnewsman will supply it regularly _if ordered_; and that gentlemen\nresiding in the country, who may find a difficulty in getting it through\nany bookseller in their neighbourhood, may be supplied regularly with\nthe _stamped_ edition, by giving their orders direct to the publisher,\nMr. GEORGE BELL., 186. Fleet Street, accompanied by a Post Office order,\nfor a quarter, 4s. 4d.; a half year, 8s. 8d.; or one year,\n17s. 4d.\n\nErrata.--No. 15 p. 232 vol. 1 l. 24., dele full stop after Gloss; same\npage, col. 2. lines 21, 22., for \"Historia\" read \"Historica,\" and for\n\"Herveio\" read \"Heroico.\" P. 236. l. 12., for \"varieties\" read\n\"vanities.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust published,\n\nHOLY MEN OF OLD; being Short Notices of such as are named in the\nCalendar of the English Church. Demy 18mo. Cloth, price 3s.\n\nPOETRY, PAST AND PRESENT: a Collection for Every-day Reading and\nAmusement, by the Editor of \"Church Poetry\" and \"Days and Seasons.\" Demy\n18mo. cloth, price 4s. 6d.; or bound in morocco, 7s. 6d.\n\nJOHN AND CHARLES MOZLEY, 6. Paternoster Row; and JOSEPH MASTERS, 78. New\nBond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust published, gratis.\n\nSCIENTIFIC AND MATHEMATICAL BOOKS.--W. BROWN'S Catalogue of Books, on\nthe Arts, Sciences, and various Branches of the Mathematics, is just\npublished, and may be had gratis on application, or by post on sending 4\npenny stamps. It includes many works on Architecture, Astrology, Chess,\nand other Games, The Fine Arts, Heraldry, Naval and Military Affairs,\nNumismatics, Penmanship, Typography, &c. &c., marked at greatly reduced\nprices.\n\nLondon: W. BROWN, 130. and 131. Old Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n8vo., cloth, with 18 Illustrations, price 12s. 6d.\n\nCHRONICLES OF CHARTERHOUSE. By a CARTHUSIAN.\n\n     \"An effort of one of the Carthusians who has recently left the\n     walls of the School, and is creditable alike to his taste and\n     industry.\"--_Spectator_.\n\n     \"Conceived in the spirit and after the rules of the old Antiquary,\n     but in its execution there are many signs of the earnest feeling of\n     the modern Ecclesiologist.\"--_Ecclesiologist_.\n\nGEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n12mo., cloth, 3s. 6d.\n\nTHOUGHTS ON THE RELATIONS OF MAN TO THE EXTERNAL WORLD.\n\n     \"A modest volume, containing an amount of thought and philosophy to\n     which only a very elaborate analysis would do justice. It is a book\n     of very high merit. We hope its reception will be such as to induce\n     the author to continue it. Its neglect would be a mark of the\n     shallowness of the age and its indifference to serious\n     subjects.\"--_Guardian_.\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFolio, price 30s.\n\nTHE CHORAL RESPONSES AND LITANIES OF THE UNITED CHURCH OF ENGLAND AND\nIRELAND. Collected from Authentic Sources. By the Rev. JOHN JEBB, A.M.,\nRector of Peterstow.\n\nThe present Work contains a full collection of the harmonized\ncompositions of ancient date, including nine sets of pieces and\nresponses and thirteen litanies, with a few of the more ancient Psalm\nChants. They are given in full score, and in their proper cliffs. In the\nupper part, however, the treble is substituted for the \"cantus\" or\n\"medius\" cliff: and the whole work is so arranged as to suit the library\nof the musical student, and to be fit for use in the Choir.\n\nMEMOIRS OF MUSICK. By the Hon. ROGER NORTH, Attorney General to James I.\nNow first printed from the original MS., and edited with copious Notes,\nby EDWARD F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., F.S.A., &c. &c. Quarto; with a Portrait;\nhandsomely printed in 4to.; half-bound in morocco, 15s.\n\nThis interesting MS., so frequently alluded to by Dr. Burney in the\ncourse of his \"History of Music,\" has been kindly placed at the disposal\nof the Council of the Musical Antiquarian Society, by George Townshend\nSmith, Esq., Organist of Hereford Cathedral. But the Council, not\nfeeling authorised to commence a series of literary publications, yet\nimpressed with the value of the work, have suggested its independent\npublication to their Secretary, Dr. Rimbault, under whose editorial care\nit accordingly appears.\n\nIt abounds with interesting Musical Anecdotes; the Greek Fables\nrespecting the origin of Music; the rise and progress of Musical\nInstruments; the early Musical Drama; the origin of our present\nfashionable Concerts; the first performance of the Beggar's Opera, &c.\n\nA limited number having been printed, few copies remain for sale; unsold\ncopies will shortly be raised in price to 1L. 11s. 6d.\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nExhibition of Works of Ancient and Mediaeval Art\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCOMMITTEE.\n\nPRESIDENT AND CHAIRMAN,\n\nH.R.H. PRINCE ALBERT, K.G., F.R.S., F.S.A.\n\nVICE-PRESIDENTS.\n\nTHE EARL OF ENNISKILLEN.\nRIGHT HON. SIDNEY HERBERT, M.P.\nSIR JOHN P. BOILEAU, Bart., F.R.S.\nHENRY THOMAS HOPE, Esq., M.P.\n\nThe Duke of Bucclough, K.G.\nThe Duke of Northumberland, F.R.S., F.S.A.\nThe Marquis of Northhampton, F.R.S., F.S.A.\nThe Earl of Jersey.\nThe Earl of Ellesmere, F.S.A.\nThe Bishop of Oxford, F.R.S., V.P.S.A.\nLord Albert Denison, M.P., K.C.H., F.S.A.\nHon. Robert Curzon, Jun.\nHon. James Talbot, M.R.I.A.\nSir Philip de Malpas Grey-Egerton, Bart., M.P., F.R.S.\nThe Very Rev. the Dean of Westminster, F.R.S.\nJ.Y. Akerman, Esq., Sec. S.A.\nBeriah Botfield, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A.\nJohn Bruce, Esq., Treas. S.A.\nHenry Cole, Esq.\nJ. Payne Collier, Esq., V.P.S.A.\nWilliam R. Drake, Esq., F.S.A.\nAugustus W. Franks, Esq., B.A., Hon. Sec.\nHenry Farrer, Esq.\nPeter le Neve Foster, Esq. M.A.\nEdward Hailstone. Esq. F.S.A.\nM. Rohde Hawkins, Esq.\nA.J. Beresford Hope, Esq., M.P.\nRev. Joseph Hunter, F.S.A.\nH. Bowyer Lane, Esq.\nHollingsworth Magnise, Esq.\nOctavius S. Morgan, Esq. M.P., F.S.A.\nFrederic Ouvry, Esq., F.S.A.\nJames Robinson Planche, Esq., F.S.A.\nSamuel Redgrave, Esq.\nHenry Shaw, Esq., F.S.A.\nEdward Smirke, Esq., F.S.A.\nC. Roach Smith, Esq., F.S.A.\nCaptain W.H. Smyth, R.N., F.R.S., Dir. S.A.\nWilliam J. Thoms, Esq., F.S.A.\nWilliam Tite, Esq. F.R.S., F.S.A.\nJohn Webb, Esq.\nDigby Wyatt, Esq.\n\nThe above COMMITTEE has been formed for the purpose of organizing an\nEXHIBITION OF WORKS OF ANCIENT AND MEDIAEVAL ART. The SOCIETY OF ARTS\nhaving considered that such an Exhibition is not only likely to be\ninteresting to the public, but also to be especially useful to\nManufacturers (with reference to the Exhibition of Works of Industry of\nall Nations to be held in the year 1851), have placed a portion of their\nRooms at the disposal of the Committee, and have agreed to adopt the\nExhibition as part of that annually made by the Society, thereby taking\nall the expenses connected with it upon themselves. The Committee,\nregarding the Exhibition in the twofold character contemplated by the\nSociety of Arts, have resolved that the objects of ancient and mediaeval\nart of which the Exhibition is to be composed, shall, as far as\npossible, be selected with reference to their beauty and the practical\nillustration which they are likely to afford of processes of\nmanufacture; and now beg to invite the possessors of Works deemed\nsuitable for such an exhibition to assist the Committee in their very\nimportant office, by entering into communication with them, respecting\nthe nature of any objects which they may be willing to offer for\nexhibition.\n\nIt is requested that all Works proposed for exhibition be punctually\nsent to the Rooms of the SOCIETY OF ARTS, John Street, Adelphi, on or\nbefore the 20th of February, it being imperative that the Exhibition\nshould open early in March.\n\nLetters and Communications should be addressed to AUGUSTUS W. FRANKS,\nEsq. Honorary Secretary of the Committee, Society of Arts, John Street,\nAdelphi.\n\nBy order of the Committee,\n\nAUGUSTUS W. FRANKS.\n\nHon. Sec.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, February 16. 1850.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 16, February 16, 1850","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":14265}