{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_16409/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_16409","id":"gutenberg_16409","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16409","summary":null,"tags":["Category: British Literature","Category: History - Medieval/Middle Ages","Category: History - Modern (1750+)","Category: Journals","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Jon Ingram, Internet Library of Early Journals,\nJeremy Weatherford, and the Online Distributed Proofreading\nTeam at https://www.pgdp.net\n\n\n\n\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNo. 20.]\nSATURDAY, MARCH 16. 1850.\n[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCONTENTS.\n\nNOTES:--                                              Page\n  Alfred's Geography of Europe, by S.W. Singer         313\n  The First Coffee Houses in England, by E.F.\n    Rimbault, LL.D.                                    314\n  True Tragedy of Richard III.                         315\n  Folk-Lore--Merry Lwyd--Deathbed Superstition         315\n  Passage in L'Allegro--Milton's Minor Poems           315\n  Doctor Dobbs--Golden Age of Magazines                316\n  Use of Beaver Hats in England, by E.F.\n    Rimbault, LL.D.                                    317\n  Extracts from Old Records, by R. Cole                317\n\nQUERIES:--\n  Queries on Outline                                   318\n  Christ's Hospital--Old Songs once popular there      318\n  Watching the Sepulchre, &c.                          318\n  Minor Queries:--Conrad of Salisbury--Peruse or\n    Pervise--Cromlech--Meaning of Grummett--Vertue's\n    MSS.--Loscop--Ormonde House--As Morse caught\n    the Mare--Dustpot, Forthlot--Tracts attributed to\n    Eachard--Queen of Hearts--Guildhalls--Vox\n    Populi--Use of Coffins--Rococo--Howlet the\n    Engraver--The Bear, &c.                            319\n\nREPLIES:--\n  Letter attributed to Sir R. Walpole                  321\n  College Salting                                      321\n  Junius                                               322\n  White Hart Inn, Scole                                323\n  Parkership, Porkership, Pokership                    323\n  Replies to Minor Queries:--Coleridge's Christabel--\n    Sir William Rider--God tempers the Wind--\n    Complutensian Polyglot--Tickhill--Bishop Blaise--\n    Sangred--Judas Bell--La Mer des Histoires          324\n\nMISCELLANIES:--\n  Tale of a Tub--A Genius--Dedications                 326\n\nMISCELLANEOUS:--\n  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.               326\n  Notices to Correspondents                            326\n  Advertisements                                       327\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nKING ALFRED'S GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE.\n\nThere is no other printed copy of the A.-S. _Orosius_ than the very\nimperfect edition of Daines Barrington, which is perhaps the most\nstriking example of incompetent editorship which could be adduced. The\ntext was printed from a transcript of a transcript, without much pains\nbestowed on collation, as he tells us himself. How much it is to be\nlamented that the materials for a more complete edition are diminished\nby the disappearance of the _Lauderdale MS._, which, I believe, when Mr.\nKemble wished to consult it, could not be found in the Library at Ham.\n\nPerhaps no more important illustration of the Geography of the Middle\nAges exists than Alfred's very interesting description of the _Geography\nof Europe_, and the _Voyages of Othere and Wulfstan_; and this portion\nof the _Hormesta_ has received considerable attention from continental\nscholars, of which it appears Mr. Hampson is not aware. As long since as\n1815 Erasmus Rask (to whom, after Jacob Grimm, Anglo-Saxon students are\nmost deeply indebted) published in the _Journal of the Scandinavian\nLiterary Society_ (ii. 106. sq.) the Anglo-Saxon Text, with a Danish\ntranslation, introduction, and notes, in which many of the errors of\nBarrington and Forster are pointed out and corrected. This was reprinted\nby Rask's son in the _Collection_ he gave of his father's\n_Dissertation_, in 2 vols. Copenhagen, 1834.\n\nMr. Thorpe, in the 2nd edit. of his _Analecta_, has given \"Alfred's\nGeography,\" &c., no doubt accurately printed from the Cotton MS., and\nhas rightly explained _Apdrede_ and _Wylte_ in his Glossary, but does\nnot mention _AEfeldan_; and Dr. Leo, in his _Sprachproben_, has given a\nsmall portion from Rask, with a few geographical notes. Dr. Ingram says:\n\"I hope on some future occasion to publish the whole of 'Alfred's\nGeography,' accompanied with accurate maps.\"\n\nRask has anticipated Mr. Hampson's correction respecting the _Wilti_,\nand thus translates the passage: \"men norden for Oldsakserne er\nObotriternes Land, og i Nordost Vilterne, som man kalder AEfelder.\" The\nmistake of Barrington and Dr. Ingram is the more extraordinary when it\nis recollected that no people are so frequently mentioned in the\nchronicles of the Middle Ages as this Sclavonic tribe: citations might\nbe given out of number, in which their contests with their neighbours\nthe Obotriti, _Abodriti_, or _Apdrede_ of Alfred are noticed. Why the\nWilti were sometimes called _AEfeldi_ or _Heveldi_, will appear from\ntheir location, as pointed out by Ubbo Emmius: \"_Wilsos_, Henetorum\ngentem, ad _Havelam_ trans Albim sedes habentem.\" (Rer. Fris. Hist. l.\niv. p. 67.) Schaffarik remarks, \"Die Stoderaner und _Havelaner_ waren\nein und derselbe, nur durch zwei namen interscheiden zweige des\n_Weleten_ stammes;\" and Albinus says: \"Es sein aber die riehten _Wilzen_\nWender sonderlich an der _Havel_ wonhaft.\" They were frequently\ndesignated by the name of _Lutici_, {314} as appears from Adam of Bremen,\nHelmond, and others, and the Sclavonic word _liuti_ signified _wild,\nfierce_, &c. Being a _wild_ and contentious people, not easily brought\nunder the gentle yoke of Christianity, they figure in some of the old\nRussian sagas, much as the Jutes do in those of Scandinavia; and it is\nremarkable that the names of both should have signified giants or\nmonsters. Notker, in his Teutonic paraphrase of Martianus Capella,\nspeaking of other Anthropophagi, relates that the _Wilti_ were not\nashamed to say that they had more right to eat their parents than the\nworms.[1] Mone wrote a Dissertation upon the Weleti, which is printed in\nthe _Anzeigen fuer Kunde des Mittelalters_, 1834, but with very\ninconclusive and erroneous results; some remarks on these Sclavonic\npeople, and a map, will be found in Count Ossolinski's _Vincent\nKadlubek_, Warsaw, 1822; and in Count Potocki's _Fragments Histor. sur\nla Scythie, la Sarmatie, et les Slaves_, Brunsw., 1796, &c. 4 vols.\n4to.; who has also printed Wulfstan's _Voyage_, with a French\ntranslation. The recent works of Zeuss, of Schaffarik, and above all the\n_Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache_, of Jacob Grimm, throw much light on\nthe subject.\n\nOn the names _Horithi_ and _Maegtha Land_ Rask has a long note, in which\nhe states the different opinions that have been advanced; his own\nconclusions differ from Mr. Hampson's suggestion. He assigns reasons\nfor thinking that the initial _H_ in _Horithi_ should be _P_, and that\nwe should read _Porithi_ for _Porizzi_, the old name for _Prussians_.\nSome imagined that _Maegtha Land_ was identical with _Cwen Land_, with\nreference to the fabulous Northern Amazons; but Alfred has placed\nCwenland in another locality; and Rask conjectures that _Maegth_\nsignifies here _provincia, natio gens_, and that it stood for\n_Gardariki_, of which it appears to be a direct translation.\n\nIt appears to me that the _Horiti_ of Alfred are undoubtedly the\n_Croati_, or _Chrowati_, of Pomerania, who still pronounce their name\n_Horuati_, the _H_ supplying, as in numerous other instances, the\nplace of the aspirate _Ch_. Nor does it seem unreasonable to presume\nthat the _Harudes_ of Caesar (_De Bell. Gall._ b. i. 31. 37. 51.) were\nalso _Croats_; for they must have been a numerous and widely spread\nrace, and are all called _Ch_arudes, [Greek: Aroudes]. The following\npassage from the _Annales Fuldensis_, A. 852., will strengthen this\nsupposition:--\"Inde transiens per Angros, _Harudos_, Suabos, et Hosingos\n... Thuringiam ingreditur.\"\n\nMr. Kemble[2], with his wonted acumen, has not failed to perceive that\nour _Coritavi_ derived their name in the same manner; but his derivation\nof the word from Hor, _lutum_, Horilit, _lutosus_, is singularly at\nissue with Herr Leo's, who derives it from the Bohemian Hora, a\nmountain, Horet a mountaineer, and he places the _Horiti_ in the Ober\nLanbitz and part of the Silesian mountains.\n\nSchaffarik again, says that _Maegtha Land_ is, according to its proper\nsignification, unknown; but that as Adam of Bremen places Amazons on the\nBaltic coast, probably from mistaking of the _Mazovians_? it is possible\nthat _Maegthaland_ has thus arisen. In 1822 Dahlmann (_Forschungen auf\ndem Gebiete der Geschichte_, t. i. 422.) gave a German version of King\nAlfred's narration, where the passage is also correctly translated; but\nas regards the illustration of the names of the people of Sclavonic\nrace, much yet remains to be done.\n\nIt is to be hoped that some competent northern scholar among us may\nstill remove, what I must consider to be a national reproach--the want\nof a correct and well illustrated edition of the _Hormesta_, or at any\nrate of this singularly interesting and valuable portion of it.\n\nS.W. SINGER.\n\nFeb. 21. 1850.\n\n[Footnote 1: \"Aber _Welitabi_, die in Germania sizzent, tie wir _Wilze_\nheizen, die ni scament sih niche ze chedenne, daz sih iro parentes mit\nmerem rehte ezen sulin danne die wurme.\" Albinus, in his _Meissnische\nChronicle_, says they had their name from their _wolfish_ nature.]\n\n[Footnote 2: _The Saxons in England_, vol. i. p. 9. note.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE FIRST COFFEE-HOUSES IN ENGLAND.\n\nAs a Supplement to your \"NOTES ON COFFEE,\" I send you the following\nextracts.\n\nAubrey, in his account of Sir Henry Blount, (MS. in the Bodleian\nLibrary), says of this worthy knight,\n\n     \"When coffee first came in he was a great upholder of it, and hath\n     ever since been a constant frequenter of coffee-houses, especially\n     Mr. Farres at the Rainbowe, by Inner Temple Gate, and lately John's\n     Coffee-house, in Fuller's Rents. The first coffee-house in London\n     was in St. Michael's Alley, in Cornhill, opposite to the church,\n     which was set up by one ---- Bowman (coachman to Mr. Hodges, a\n     Turkey merchant, who putt him upon it) in or about the yeare 1652.\n     'Twas about 4 yeares before any other was sett up, and that was by\n     Mr. Farr. Jonathan Paynter, over against to St. Michael's Church,\n     was the first apprentice to the trade, viz. to Bowman.--Mem. The\n     Bagneo, in Newgate Street, was built and first opened in Decemb.\n     1679: built by ... Turkish merchants.\"\n\nOf this James Farr, Edward Hatton, in his _New View of London_, 1708,\n(vol. i. p. 30) says:--\n\n     \"I find it recorded that one James Farr, a barber, who kept the\n     coffee-house which is now the Rainbow, by the Inner Temple Gate,\n     (one of the first in England), was in the year 1657, prosecuted by\n     the inquest of St. Dunstan's in the West, for making and selling a\n     sort of liquor called coffee, as a great nuisance and prejudice to\n     the neighbourhood, &c., and who would then have thought London\n     would ever have had near three thousand such nuisances, and that\n     coffee would have been, as now, so much drank by the best of\n     quality and physicians.\" {315}\n\nHowel, in noticing Sir Henry Blount's _Organon Salutis_, 1659, observes\nthat--\n\n     \"This coffe-drink hath caused a great sobriety among all nations:\n     formerly apprentices, clerks, &c., used to take their morning\n     draughts in ale, beer, or wine, which often made them unfit for\n     business. Now they play the good-fellows in this wakeful and civil\n     drink. The worthy gentleman, Sir James Muddiford, who introduced\n     the practice hereof first in London, deserves much respect of the\n     whole nation.\"\n\nFrom these extracts it appears that the use of this berry was introduced\nby other Turkey merchants besides Edwards and his servant Pasqua.\n\nAnthony Wood in his _Diary_, records, under the year 1654, that--\n\n     \"Coffey, which had been drank by some persons in Oxon. 1650, was\n     this yeare publickly sold at or neare the Angel, within the Easte\n     Gate of Oxon., as also chocolate, by an outlander or Jew.\"\n\nAnd in another place he says--\n\n     \"This yeere Jacob a Jew opened a Coffey-house at the Angel, in the\n     parish of St. Peter in the East, Oxon., and there it was by some,\n     who delighted in noveltie, drank. When he left Oxon. he sold it in\n     Old Southampton Buildings in Holborne, near London, and was living\n     there 1671.\"\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTRUE TRAGEDY OF RICHARD III.\n\nIn _The True Tragedy of Richard the Third_, the following passage--\n\n    \"His treacherous father hath neglect his word,\n    And done imparshall past by dint of sword.\"\n\nis considered by Mr. Baron Field as unintelligible. It seems to me that\nthe correction of it is obvious, and the explanation probable, though\nnot exactly fitting what had been said before, which is merely that Lord\nStanley had refused to come to Richard, not that he had actually joined\nRichmond, much less fought for him. I read--\n\n    \"And dome imparshall;\"\n\n_i.e._ and _doom impartial_, and interpret, \"pass'd upon himself impartial\njudgment,\" or rather on his son, as is said just before:--\n\n    \"The father's fact condemns the son to die.\"\n\nIt is possible that doom by dint of sword may mean, to be executed by\ndint of sword; that is, on the son. The _doom_ in the Scotch court, in\nthe _Heart of Mid Lothian_, is not the verdict, but the punishment.\n\nImmediately before, we have this passage, also described as\nunintelligible:--\n\n     \"_King._ Did not your selves, in presence, see the bondes sealde\n     and assignde?\n\n     \"_Lo._ What tho my lord, the _vardits own_, the titles doth resign.\n\n     \"_King._ The bond is broke, and I will sue the fine.\"\n\nI see no emendation for this but the _vardits own_ to mean, \"the party\nwho has the verdict in his favour,\" and the speech to be a question. The\nKing tries to persuade himself that there is, _ipso facto_, no room for\nforgiveness. Lovel answers, upon the principle of the rule of law, \"Qui\nvis potest renunciare juri pro se introducto.\"\n\nC.B.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFOLK LORE.\n\n_Merry-Lwyd._--My attention has been called to an inquiry in No. 11. p.\n173., as to the origin and etymology of the Merry-Lwyd, still kept up in\nWales.\n\nI believe that all these mummings may be traced to the disguisings which\nformed so popular an amusement in the Middle Ages, and that the name\napplied in Wales to this remnant of our ancient pastimes is nothing more\nthan a compound of our English adjective \"merry\" and a corruption of the\nLatin word \"Ludi,\" which these masquings were formerly termed.\n\nStrutt, in his _Sports and Pastimes_, Book iii. chap. 13., speaks of\nChristmas Spectacles in the time of Edward III., as known by the name of\nLudi; and in Warton's _History of English Poetry_, it is said of these\nrepresentations that \"by the ridiculous and exaggerated oddity of the\nVizors, and by the singularity and splendour of the dresses, every thing\nwas out of nature and propriety.\" In Strutt's 16th Plate, specimens will\nbe found of the whimsical habit and attire in which the mummers were\nwont to appear.\n\nMy impression that the Merry-Lwyd was by no means a diversion\nexclusively Welsh is corroborated by the fact noticed in your Number of\nthe 23rd of Feb., of its being found to exist in Cheshire. And we know\nthat many ancient customs lingered in the principality long after they\nfell into disuse in England.\n\nGWYNN AB NUDD.\n\nGlamorganshire, March 1. 1850.\n\n\n_Death-bed Superstition._--When a curate in Exeter I met with the\nfollowing superstition, which I do not remember to have seen noticed\nbefore. I had long visited a poor man, who was dying of a very painful\ndisease, and was daily expecting his death. Upon calling one morning to\nsee my poor friend, his wife informed me that she thought he would have\ndied during the night, and consequently she and her friends unfastened\n_every lock in the house_. On my inquiring the reason, I was told that\nany bolt or lock fastened was supposed to cause uneasiness to, and\nhinder the departure of the soul, and consequently upon the approach of\ndeath all the boxes, doors, &c., in the house were unlocked. Can any of\nyour readers tell me whether this is in any way a general superstition\namongst the lower orders, or is it confined to the West of England?\n\nR.H. {316}\n\n[This remarkable superstition forms the subject of a communication of\nthe _Athenaeum_ (No. 990.) of 17th Oct. 1846: in a comment upon which it\nis there stated \"that it originates from the belief which formerly\nprevailed that the soul flew out of the mouth of the dying in the\nlikeness of a bird.\"]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPASSAGE IN L'ALLEGRO--NOTES ON MILTON'S MINOR POEMS.\n\nThe suggestion of your correspondent B.H.K. (No. 18. p. 286.) has been\nanticipated by Mr. Warton, who, in his 1st edition of _Milton's Poems_,\nnotices a similar interpretation of the passage, as the suggestion of an\nunknown correspondent. In the 2nd edition this correspondent is\nmentioned to have been Mr. Headley; and the editor discusses the point\nin a note of upwards of a page, illustrating it with parallel passages,\nand an analysis of the context. As the book is one of ready access, I\nneed not trouble you with a quotation; but I may mention that Mr.\nGilchrist has added, in a MS. note in my copy, that \"Among the poems\nappended to those of Lord Surrey and Sir Thomas Wyatt, is one of\nconsiderable elegance in the same measure as those of Milton, nor is it\nunlike in its subject: the following lines may throw some light on the\npresent inquiry (p. 200. ed. 1717):--\n\n    'On hills then shewe the ewe and lambe\n    And every young one with his damme;\n    Then lovers walke and _tell their tale_\n    Both of their bliss and of their bale.'\"\n\n[The passage is at p. 57. of the 1st vol. of Dr. Nott's edition.]\n\nI am glad of the present opportunity of mentioning, for the benefit of\nall whom it may concern, that my copy of the 1st edition of Warton's\n_Milton_ is enriched with numerous notes and parallel passages by Mr.\nGilchrist; and a copy of the 2nd edition has been similarly, but less\ncopiously, illustrated by Mr. Dunston. I shall be glad if my mention of\nthem should lead to their being made useful--or, if you wish it, I shall\nbe happy to transcribe the notes for occasional insertion in your\nJournal.\n\nMay I be allowed to suggest that similar notifications _to_ intending\neditors would have some tendency to do the same good results which may\nbe expected from the announcements _by_ intending editors suggested by\nyour correspondent R.R. at p. 243? There must be hundreds of volumes\nenriched by the notes of scholars, such as those I have had occasion to\nmention, which are dispersed in private libraries, and might, by means\nof similar announcements, be made available to the cause of literature.\n\nJ.F.M.\n\n[We are much indebted to our valued correspondent for the offer he has\nso kindly made us of the MS. Notes in question, which we shall gladly\nreceive; and also for his extremely useful suggestion of the advantage\nof such notifications to intending editors, as he describes.]\n\n\n_Milton's L'Allegro._--Your correspondent (No. 18. p. 286.) has been\nanticipated by Headley, who suggested, long ago, that the word _tale_\nhere implied the _numbering_ sheep. When Handel composed his beautiful\nair, \"Let me wander not unseen,\" he plainly regarded this word in the\nmore poetical sense. The song breathes the shepherd's tale of _love_\n(perhaps addressed to \"the milkmaid singing blithe\") far more than it\nconveys a dull computation of the _number_ of \"his fleecy care.\" Despite\nof that excellent commentator, Tom Warton, who adopted Headley's\nsuggestion, it is to be hoped that readers will continue, though it may\nbe in error, to understand the line as your correspondent _used_ to do:\nan amatory _tete-a-tete_ is surely better suited to \"the hawthorn in the\ndale,\" than either mental arithmetic, or the study of Cocker.\n\nJ.H.M.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nDOCTOR DANIEL DOVE OF DONCASTER AND HIS HORSE NOBS--GOLDEN AGE OF\nMAGAZINES.\n\nIt appears from the preface to the last edition of _The Doctor, &c._\nthat the story of Dr. Daniel Dove and his horse was one well known in\nSouthey's domestic circle.\n\nA letter is there quoted from Mrs. Southey (then Miss Caroline Bowles),\nin which she says:--\n\n     \"There is a story of Dr. D.D. of D. and of his horse Nobs, which\n     has I believe been made into a Hawker's Book. Coleridge used to\n     tell it, and the humour lay in making it as long-winded as\n     possible; it suited, however, my long-windedness better than his,\n     and I was frequently called upon for it by those who enjoyed it,\n     and sometimes I volunteered it, when Coleridge protested against\n     its being told.\"\n\nWhile upon the subject of _The Doctor_, may I direct your attention to\nthe following passage on p. 269. of the one volume edition, which you\nwill admit in many respects accurately describes your \"NOTES AND\nQUERIES\"?\n\n     \"Our Doctor flourished in the golden age of magazines, when their\n     pages were filled with voluntary contributions from men who never\n     aimed at dazzling the public, but each came with his scrap of\n     information or his humble question, or his hard problem, or his\n     attempt in verse.\n\n     \"In those days A was an antiquary, and wrote articles upon altars\n     and abbeys, and architecture. B made a blunder, which C corrected.\n     D demonstrated that E was in error, and that F was wrong in\n     philology, and neither philosopher nor physician, though he\n     affected to be both. G was a genealogist. H was an herald who\n     helped him. I was an inquisitive inquirer who found reason for\n     suspecting J to be a Jesuit. M was a mathematician. N noted the\n     weather. O observed the stars. P was a poet who peddled in\n     pastorals, {317} and prayed Mr. Urban to print them. Q came in the\n     corner of the page with his query. R arrogated to himself the right\n     of reprehending every one who differed from him. S sighed and sued\n     in song. T told an old tale, and when he was wrong, U used to set\n     him right. V was a virtuoso. W warred against Warburton. X excelled\n     in algebra. Y yearned for immortality in rhyme, and Z in his zeal\n     was always in a puzzle.\"\n\nSurely, Sir, you have revived the Golden Age of magazines, and long may\nyou flourish.\n\nQ.D.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTHE USE OF BEAVER HATS IN ENGLAND.\n\nThe notice from Fairholt's _Costume in England_, concerning the earliest\nuse of a beaver hat in England, is not very satisfactory. Beaver hats\nwere certainly used in this country long before Stubbes's time. They\nwere originally, like many other articles of dress, manufactured abroad,\nand imported here. Indeed, this was a great source of complaint by the\nEnglish artizan until a comparatively late period. The author of _A\nBrief Discourse of English Poesy_, n.d. (temp. Eliz.) says:--\n\n     \"I merveil no man taketh heed to it, what number of trifles come\n     hither from beyond the seas, that we might clean spare, or else\n     make them within our realme. For the which we either pay\n     inestimable treasure every year, or else exchange substantial wares\n     and necessaries for them, for the which we might receive great\n     treasure.\"\n\n     \"The _beaver_ or felt hats (says J.H. Burn, in his interesting\n     _History of the Foreign Refugees_, p. 257.) worn in the reign of\n     Edward III., and for a long time afterwards, were made in Flanders.\n     The refugees in Norfolk introduced the manufacture of felts and\n     thrummed hats into that country; and by a statute of 5 and 6 Edward\n     VI., that trade was confined to Norwich, and all other corporate\n     and market towns in the country.\"\n\n     \"About that time (says a _History of Trade_, published in 1702) we\n     suffered a great herd of French tradesmen to come in, and\n     particularly hat-makers, who brought with them the fashion of\n     making a slight, coarse, mean commodity, viz. felt hats, now called\n     _Carolinas_; a very inferior article to beavers and demicastors,\n     the former of which then sold at from 24s. to 48s. a piece.\"\n\nIn the _Privy-Purse Expenses of Henry VIII._, we read, under the date\n1532:--\n\n    \"Item the xxiij day [October] paied for a hatte\n      and a plume for the King in Boleyn [_i.e._\n      Boulogue] ... xvs.\"\n\nAnd again--\n\n    \"Item the same day paied for the garnisshing of ij\n      bonetts, and for the said hatte ... xxiijs. iiijd.\"\n\nThese entries are curious, as the purchase of the hat was made in a\nforeign country. It was probably something that took the King's fancy,\nas we can hardly suppose that his majesty had neglected to provide\nhimself with this necessary appendage before he left England.\n\nSeveral interesting notices concerning hats, and apparel generally, may\nbe seen in Roger Ascham's _Schoolmaster_, 1570, which I do not remember\nto have seen quoted; but the literature of this period abounds in\nillustration of costume which has been but imperfectly gleaned.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nEXTRACTS FROM OLD RECORDS.\n\nIf you think the insertion of scraps from the mutilated Exchequer\nrecords useful, I shall be most happy, from time to time, to contribute\na few. The following are extracted from fragments of a book of entries,\ntemp. Charles I.: the book appears to have been a large folio, and each\nleaf torn into at least four pieces. It is much to be regretted that the\nwork of selection and mutilation was not assigned to more competent\npersons than the ignorant porters who I am told were entrusted with it.\n\nROBERT COLE.\n\n_Fragment dated 1640._\n\n    John de Critz, Serjeant Painter, p't of\n      2158. 13, for a debt in the great\n      wardrobe                                          60   0   0\n                                                     { 200   0   0\n    S'r James Palmer, Kn't, for the Tapestrie        { 362  10   0\n      makers and painters at Mortlach                { 300   0   0\n                                                     { 262  10   0\n                                                     { 300   0   0\n\n_Fragment dated 1637._\n\n    ..........hony Vandike Kn't p't of 1200_li._\n      for.........                                     300   0   0\n\n    ..........le Seur Sculpter p't of 720_li._\n    .................Statues and Images                300   0   0\n\n_Fragment dated 1640._\n\n    ..........in satisfaction for his greate\n      Losses by his greate and extraordinary\n      disbursem'ts vpon assignem'ts and\n      other charges                                   4000   0   0\n\n    S'r Job Harby and S'r John Nulles,\n      Kn'ts, for soe much paid to the King\n      of Denmke for redempion of a greate\n      Jewell, and to liquidate the accompts\n      betwixt his Ma'ty and the said King            25000   0   0\n\n    Hubrecht le Seur in full of 340_li._ for      }\n      2 statues in brasse, the one of his late    }    100   0   0\n      Ma'ty, and the other of our now             }     70   0   3\n      Souerainge lo: King Charles[3]              }\n\n    More to him 60_li._, in p't of 120li. for a\n      bust of brasse of his late Ma'ty, and\n      40_li._ for carrying and erecting 2\n      figures at Winchester                            100   0   0\n\n    Richard Delamair for making divers            }\n      Mathematicall Instruments, and              }    100   0   0\n      other services                              }     68   0   0\n\n[Footnote 3: Qy. the statue now at Charing Cross.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{318}\n\n\nQUERIES.\n\nQUERIES ON OUTLINE.\n\nThe boundary between a surface represented and its background received\ntwo different treatments in the hands of artists who have the highest\nclaims on our respect. Some, following the older painters as they were\nfollowed by Raphael and Albert Durer, bring the surface of the figure\nabruptly against its background. Others, like Murillo and Titian, melt\nthe one into the other, so that no pencil could trace the absolute limit\nof either. Curiously enough, though for very obvious reasons, the\nDaguerreotype seems to favour one method, the Calotype the other. Yet,\ntwo Calotypes, in which the outlines are quite undefined, coalesce in\nthe Stereoscope, giving a sharp outline; and as soon as the mind has\nbeen thus taught to expect a relievo, either eye will see it.\n\nBut if you look at your face in the glass, you cannot at once (say at\nthree feet distance) see the outlines of the eye and cheek. They\ndisappear every where, except in the focus common to both eyes. Then\nnothing is seen absolutely at rest. The act of breathing imparts\nperpetual motion to the artist and the model. The aspen leaf is\ntrembling in the stillest air. Whatever difference of opinion may exist\nas to Turner's use or abuse of his great faculties, no one will doubt\nthat he has never been excelled in the art of giving space and relative\ndistance to all parts of his canvas. Certainly no one ever carried\nconfusion of outline in every part not supposed to be in the focus of\nthe eye so far.\n\nOn the other hand, every portion of a large picture, however severe its\nexecution, acquires this morbid outline wherever the eye quits one\ndetail for another. Is, then, the law governing small and large surface\ndifferent? Do these instances imply that a definite boundary, a modern\nGerman style, is indefensible? or only indefensible in miniature? Or, is\nsuch a picture as the Van Eyh in the National Gallery a vindication of\nthe practice in small works?\n\nI can answer that it is not; and this last question I merely ask to\navoid all answers on the score of authority. No doubt that strange work\nis one of the most realising pictures ever painted,--more so than any\nneighbouring Rembrandt,--whose masses of light and shade were used as a\n\"creative power.\" I want to know whether there is a right and wrong in\nthe case, apart from every thing men call taste. Whether, whenever a\nwork of art passes from suggestion to imitation, _some_ liberty must not\nbe given at the lines whence the rays are supposed to diverge to the two\neyes from two different surfaces. Every advance in art and science\nremoves something from the realms of opinion, and this appears to be a\nquestion on which science must some day legislate for art.\n\nJ.O.W.H.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCHRIST'S HOSPITAL--OLD SONGS ONCE POPULAR THERE.\n\nAmongst the numerous correspondents and readers of your very interesting\nlittle work, there may yet be living some who were scholars in the above\ninstitution during the last ten or fifteen years of the last century,\ncoevals, or nearly so, with Richards, afterwards of Oriel College,\nauthor of a prize poem, _Aboriginal Britons_, and one of the Bampton\nLecturers; Middleton, afterwards Bishop of Calcutta; Trollope,\nafterwards Master of the Grammar School; Barnes, afterwards connected\nwith the _Times_; Stevens, Scott (poor Scott!), Coleridge, Lamb, Allen,\nWhite, Leigh Hunt, the two brothers Le G. Favell, Thompson, Franklin,\n&c., pupils of old James Boyer, of flogging celebrity.\n\nIf so, can any of them furnish me with the words of an old song, then\ncurrent in the school, relating to the execution of the Earl of\nDerwentwater in the rebellion of 1715, of which the four following lines\nare all that I remember:\n\n    \"There's fifty pounds in my right pocket,\n      To be given to the poor;\n    There's fifty pounds in my left pocket,\n      To be given from door to door.\"\n\nOf another song, equally popular, less pathetic, but of more\nspirit-stirring character, can any one supply the remainder?\n\n    \"As our king lay musing on his bed,\n    He bethought himself once on a time\n    Of a tribute that was due from France,\n    That had not been paid for so long a time.\n\n    \"Oh! then he called his trusty page,\n    His trusty page then called he,\n    Saying, 'You must go to the king of France,\n    To the king of France right speedily.'\"\n\nNEMO.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWATCHING THE SEPULCHRE--DOMINUS FACTOTUM--ROBERT PASSELLEW.\n\nAllow me to offer a query or two respecting which I shall be glad of any\ninformation your numerous correspondents may be able to furnish.\n\n1. In Fuller's _History of Waltham Abbey_, pp. 269. 274., Nichol's\nedition, 1840, we have the following entries from the churchwarden's\naccounts:\n\n     \"Anno 1542, the thirty-fourth of Henry viii. _Imprimis_. For\n     watching the sepulchre, a groat.\"\n\n     \"_Item_, for watching the sepulchre, eight pence.\"\n\nThe last entry occurs in \"Anno 1554, Mariae primo,\" but Fuller adds,\n\"though what meant thereby, I know not.\" Can any satisfactory\ninformation be furnished which will explain the custom here alluded to?\n{319}\n\n2. In the same work, page 278., a passage occurs, which not only\nexplains the meaning of the term _factotum_, but furnishes matter for\nanother query. The passage is this; speaking of \"eminent persons buried\"\nat Waltham Abbey, he says: \"we spoil all, if we forget Robert Passellew,\nwho was _dominus fac totum_ in the middle--and _fac nihil_ towards the\nend--of the reign of Henry III.\" Some parasites extolled him by allusion\nto his name, _pass-le-eau_, (that is \"passing the pure water,\") the wits\nof those days thus descanting upon him:\n\n    \"Est aqua lenis, et est aqua dulcis, et est aqua clara,\n      Tu praecellis aquam, nam leni lenior es tu,\n    Dulci dulcior es tu, clara clarior es tu;\n      Mente quidem lenis, re dulcis, sanguine clarus.\"\n                    _Camden's MSS._ Cott. Lib.\n\nThe learned Dr. Whitaker, in his _History of Whalley_, says, that \"the\nword Paslew was of Norman origin (Pass-le-eau), and afforded a subject\nfor some rhyming monkish verses, not devoid of ingenuity, which the\ncurious reader may find in Weever's _Funeral Monuments_, p. 645;\" and a\nquestion now arises whether the _Passellew_ mentioned by Fuller belongs\nto the same family as the \"Paslews of Wiswall,\" alluded to by Dr.\nWhitaker, one of whom, \"John, Abbot of Whalley\" was executed for the\npart he took in the \"Pilgrimage of Grace.\" when it is stated that the\nPaslews of Wiswall bore \"Argent a fess between three mullets Sable\npierced of the field, a crescent for difference,\" probably some of your\nreaders will be able to give some particulars respecting \"Robert\nPasselew,\" and also identify the families if possible.\n\nT.W.\n\nBurnley, Lancashire, Feb. 23, 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMINOR QUERIES.\n\n_Conrad of Salisbury's Descritio utriusque Britanniae._--A good many\nyears since I had a communication from the Baron de Penhouet, a Breton\nAntiquary, respecting a work which I have never yet been able to\ndiscover. I may ascertain, through the medium of your very useful\npublication, whether there exists a work under the title of a\n\"Descriptio utriusque Britanniae,\" by Conrad of Salisbury, from a MS. of\nthe time of Henry I. I should feel much obliged to any one who would\nfavour me with this information.\n\nJAMES LOGAN.\n\n\n_Peruse or Pervise--Passage in Frith's Works._--Your correspondent T.J.\nrightly conjectured that the _peruse_ of a modern reprint of Frith was\nan error. I have been able since to consult two black-letter editions,\nand have found, as I suspected, \"pervise\" and \"pervyse.\"\n\nIf your same correspondent, or any other, can help me to correct, or to\nunderstand another erroneous clause in Russell's edit. of Frith, vol.\niii. p. 227., I shall be still further obliged.\n\nIt is probably meant for some old rule in logic, but is printed there,\n\"Ab inferiori ad suis superius confuse distribue.\" Foxe, however, has\n\"suum\" instead of \"suis.\"\n\nH.W.\n\n\n_Cromlech._--I shall feel much obliged if any of your readers will\nkindly refer me to any authority for the use of the word _Cromlech_,\nprior to the sixteenth century, whether in the Welsh or English\nlanguage.\n\nJAS. H. TODD.\n\nTrin. Coll. Dublin, Jan. 31, 1850.\n\n\n_Meaning of \"Grummett.\"_--A Constant Reader is desirous of addressing\nsuch of your correspondents as are well versed in maritime history,--Mr.\nBolton Corney to wit,--on the following subject. In the early ages of\nour Navy there was a distinct rating, called \"Grummett,\" on board each\nman-of-war, and he was generally, as may be seen in the Cottonian MSS.,\nplaced after the \"maryners and gonners.\" Now, the reader will be highly\nobliged to any one who will trace the designation to its source, and\ngive information as to what were the special duties of the Grummett, or\nGromet.\n\n[Greek: Sigma].\n\n\n_Vertue's Manuscripts._--Steevens and Malone, in fixing the dates of\nShakspeare's Dramas, frequently quote from _Vertue's_ MSS. George\nChalmers, in his _Supplemental Apology_, says, \"On making some\ninquiries, by a friend, what manuscript of _Vertue's_ it were, which I\nsaw so often quoted about scenic matters, Mr. Steevens was so obliging\nas to say, 'The books, from which those extracts were made, with several\nothers lost, belonged to Secretary Pepys, and afterwards to Dr.\nRawlinson, who lent them to Mr. Vertue.' When the said MSS. were\nconsulted by the two commentators, they were, I believe, in the\npossession of Garrick.\" Chalmers adds, \"Much is it to be lamented, that\nany MS. or book, which furnished an illustration of Shakespeare, and\nhaving once been seen, should ever disappear.\" Every true lover of our\ngreat poet will heartily agree with this remark.\n\nEDWARD F. RIMBAULT.\n\n\n_Loscop._--The Patent Roll, 1 Edw. III. part I, membrane 27, contains\nthe exemplification or copy of a grant by Henry I. to his butler William\nde Albini of--\"Manerium de Snetesham cum duobus hundredis et dimidio\nscil. Fredebruge et Smethedune cum wreck et cum omnibus pertinentiis\nsuis et misteria de Luna cum medietate fori et theloneis et cum ceteris\nconsuetudinibus et portu cum applicacione navium et _loscop_ et viam\nipsius aquae et transitu cum omnibus querelis.\" I should be greatly\nobliged to any of your learned correspondents who would explain the word\n_loscop_. Luna is the town or port of King's Lynn. _Misteria_ {320} may\nprobably be translated \"offices.\" See Ducange (Paris Edit. 1845) under\nthe words misterium and ministerium. _Loscop_ appears to be a word of\nsimilar formation to Laudcop and Lahcop, which occur in the Laws of\nEthelred (Thorpe's _Ancient Laws_, vol. i. pp. 294, 295.). Can it mean a\nfee paid on _loosing_ the vessel in order to leave the port?\n\nC.W.G.\n\n\n_Ormonde House._--Perhaps some of your annotators on Cunningham's\n_Hand-book of London_, will be so kind as to inform me whereabouts\n\"Ormonde House\" stood in St. James's Square; also to state any\nparticulars respecting its history before and after it was occupied by\nthat noble family.\n\nJ.G.\n\n\n_As Morse caught the Mare._--I shall be glad to be informed the meaning\nof this expression--it is to be met with in the translation of Rabelais.\nThere is also a song sung among the farmers of South Devon, of which the\nlast line of each verse is \"As Morse caught the Mare.\"\n\nR.S.B.\n\n\n_Dustpot--Forthlot._--In a Manorial Compotus, temp. Hen. V., I find the\nfollowing entry, under the head of Out-goings:--\n\n     \"In custodes carucarum et carectarum nil quia per firmarium. Item\n     pro eorum _duspot_ (xij'd) nil, causa predicta. Item pro eorum\n     _forlot_ (iiij'd) nil, causa predicta,\" &c.\n\nI have in vain consulted the glossaries within my reach,--Ducange,\nSpelman, Halliwell, for the meaning of the terms _dustpot_ and _forlot_\n(or, as spelt in another Compotus, _dustpot_ and _forthlot_). They\nappear to have been customary payments to the servants who had the care\nof the carts and carriages belonging to the manor, which, at the time of\nthis particular Compotus, were not payable by the lord, because the\ndemesne lands were in farm; and these dues were paid by the tenant. A\nreference to the _Promptorinm Parvulorum_ (a further instalment of which\nI rejoice to learn, from Mr. Way's communication, in No. 15., is in a\nstate of progress) has been equally unproductive. The editorial note to\nthe communications inserted in No. 17., on the interpretation of\n_Pokership_, induces me to send you this query, in the hope of eliciting\ninformation, if not from the gentleman you there refer to, at least from\nsome one or other of your numerous readers learned in Archaic words.\n\nI may, at a future period trouble you with some further remarks arising\nout of the same Compotus.\n\nG.A.C.\n\n\n_Tracts attributed to Eachard._--The writer of this article has long had\nin his possession an old volume (among many others of a like kind in his\ncollection) published in 1685; and containing the following\ntracts:--1st. \"The Grounds and Occasions of the Contempt of the\nClergy,... in a letter written to R.L., 9th edition.\" This letter is\nsigned T.B. 2nd. \"Observations upon the Answer to the Inquiry, &c., in a\nsecond Letter from T.B. to R.L.\" 3rd. \"Hobbes' State of Nature,\nconsidered, in a Dialogue between Philautus and Timothy;\" the \"Epistle\nDedicatory\" is signed, J.E. 4th. \"A Letter to his Old Dear Friend R.L.\nfrom T.B.\" 5th. \"A Letter to B.D.,\" the publisher of Mr. Herbert's\n_Country Parson_, from T.B. 6th. \"A Letter to the Author of the\nVindication of the Clergy,\" from T.B. 7th. \"A Letter to T.D.,\" the\nAuthor of _Hieragonisticon_, or _Corah's Doom_, from T.B. 8th. \"A Letter\nto I.O. from T.B.\"\n\nNow, it is mentioned in Dr. Hooke's _Ecclesiastical Biography_ (vol.\niv., art. Eachard), that Eachard was the author of these tracts. But the\nqueries I would beg to propose, if any of your correspondents can answer\nthem, are these:--1st. Why does Eachard sign himself T.B.; does that\nsignature allude to any matter in particular? 2nd. Who are meant by the\nother letters, R.L., B.D., L.O., &c.; and who, if any persons in\nparticular, by Philautus; and Timothy; and who was the author of\n_Hieragonisticon_.\n\nPerhaps \"Philau_tus_\" should be rather be \"Philau_tos_,\" and may mean\n\"Hobbes\" himself, as a self-sufficient person, and a great admirer or\nlover of himself. I wish these queries may not be thought too\ninsignificant for your periodical, which to me, and so many others, is\nof peculiar interest and value.\n\nGEO. WYATT (Clerk.)\n\nBurghwallis, 1850.\n\n\n_Queen of Hearts._--Permit me to request some explanation of a passage\nin Miss Strickland's _Life of Queen Elizabeth_ (vol. vii. p. 292.),\nwhere we are told that--\n\n     \"Lady Southwell affirms that the two ladies in waiting discovered\n     the _Queen of Hearts_, with a nail of Iron knocked through the\n     forehead, and thus fastened to the bottom of the chair: they durst\n     not pull it out, remembering that her like thing was used to the\n     old Countess of Sussex, and afterwards proved a witchcraft, for\n     which certain persons were hanged.\"\n\nThe author moralises upon this, but does not refer us to any authority,\nor tell where the affirmation of Lady Southwell is to be found, or where\nthe account of the old countess is given; defects which I hope some of\nyour correspondents will be good enough to supply.\n\nF.R.A.\n\n\n_Guildhalls._--There are in most villages in this neighbourhood houses\nwhich from time immemorial have been called Guildhalls. These are\nsituate among such small populations that they are manifestly\nunconnected with trade. Will any of your correspondents tell me--\n\n1st. Why are they called Guildhalls?\n\n2nd. For what purpose were they anciently used? {321}\n\n3rd. Are they common in other counties besides Suffolk?\n\nAlso: What is the origin of the Friday Streets so common in most\nvillages in this neighbourhood?\n\nA SUBSCRIBER AB INITIO.\n\nGuildhall, Framlingham, Suffolk, Feb. 6. 1850.\n\n\n_Vox Populi_--_Monody on Sir John Moore._--Can any reader give me the\norigin of the saying \"_Vox Populi, Vox Dei_?\"--and has any one of your\ncorrespondents ever heard of any doubts being raised as to the original\nauthor of the _Monody upon Sir John Moore_, which is now always assigned\nto the Rev. Dr. Wolfe? I saw it stated in an English paper, published in\nFrance some few years back, that Wolfe had taken them from a poem at the\nend of the _Memoirs of Lally Tottendal_, the French governor of\nPondicherry, in 1756, and subsequently executed in 1766. In the Paper I\nrefer to, the French poem was given; and certainly one of the two must\nbe a translation of the other. I have not been able to get a copy of\nTottendal's _Memoirs_, or of the Paper I refer to, or I would not\ntrouble you with this Query; but perhaps some one can inform me which is\nthe Merchant here, and which the Jew.\n\nQUAESITOR.\n\nReg. Coll. London.\n\n\n_Use of Coffins._--How long has it been the custom to inter the dead in\ncoffins? \"In a table of Dutyes\" dated 11th Dec. 1664, and preserved at\nShoreditch Church, it is mentioned:--\n\n     \"For a buryall in the New Church Yard without a coffin, 00 00 08.\n\n     \"For a buryall in ye Old Church Yard without a coffin seauen pence\n     00 00 07.\n\n     \"For the grave marking and attendance of ye Vicar and Clarke on\n     ye enterment of a corps uncoffined the churchwardens to pay the\n     ordinary duteys (and no more) of this table.\"\n\nH.E.\n\n\n_Rococo._--Would any correspondent of \"NOTES AND QUERIES\" give the\nhistory of this word, or indicate where it is to be found? or, if the\nhistory is not known, state when, and by whom, it appears to have been\n_first_ used?\n\nT.\n\nOxford.\n\n\n_Howlett the Engraver._--Can any of your readers furnish me with an\naccount of the \"Publications of Bartholomew Howlett,\" who was an\nengraver of some note, and about forty-five or fifty years ago resided\nin London? He was a native of Louth in Lincolnshire, and about\nforty-five years ago, being then resident (as appears from his book)\nsomewhere in the neighbourhood of the Blackfriars' Road, published by\nsubscription a book containing a series of engravings, entitled \"Views\nin Lincolnshire.\"\n\nL.L.L.\n\n\n_The Bear, the Louse, and Religion._--I should be much obliged to any of\nyour correspondents who will inform me where I can find _The Bear, the\nLouse, and Religion_: a fable. It commences--\n\n    \"A surly Bear, in college bred,\n    Determin'd to attack Religion;\n    A Louse, who crawl'd from head to head,\n    Defended her--as Hawk does pidgeon.\n    Bruin Subscription discommended;\n    The Louse determin'd to support it--\"\n\nI know no more. When was it written?--upon what occasion?--who are meant\nby the Bear and the Louse?\n\nGRIFFIN.\n\nMar. 5. 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nREPLIES.\n\nLETTER ATTRIBUTED TO SIR R. WALPOLE.\n\nThere are many reasons, drawn from style and other internal evidence,\nwhich induce P.C.S.S. to entertain strong doubts as to the authenticity\nof the letter attributed to Sir Robert Walpole (and reprinted from\nBankes) in No. 19. Among others it seems very unlikely that a prime\nminister, confidentially addressing his sovereign (and that sovereign\nGeorge II.!) on a matter of the greatest import, would indulge in a\npoetical quotation. And it is remarkable that neither the quotation in\nquestion, not any thing at all resembling it, in thought or expression,\nis to be found in any part of Fenton's printed works. P.C.S.S. has\ncarefully looked them over, in the editions of London, 1717, and of\n1810 (Chalmer's _Collection_, vol. x.), and he cannot discover a trace\nof it. He had at first imagined that it might be successfully sought\nfor in Fenton's admirable _Epistle to William Lamborde_ (the Kentish\nantiquary), where there is a remarkably fine passage respecting flattery\nand its influences; but nothing at all like the quotation cited in the\nletter is to be found in that poem, which (_par parenthese_) seems to\nhave met with much more neglect than it deserves.\n\nP.C.S.S. would further notice the great improbability that Walpole would\ncommitted himself _in writing_, even to his royal master, by such a\ndisplay of perilous frankness, in treating of the private character and\nprinciples of his great rival. He must have been aware that the letter\nwould, most probably, at the decease of the king (then advanced in life)\nhave been found among his majesty's papers, and, with them, have passed\ninto the hands of his successor, by whom it would undoubtedly have been\ncommunicated to the very individual with whom it so hardly dealt.\n\nP.C.S.S.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nCOLLEGE SALTING.\n\nThe money collected at the Eton Montem, now wisely abolished, was called\n\"salt.\" In the {322} _Consuetudinarium vetus Scholae Etonensis_, taken from\na MS. in the library of Corpus, Cambridge, and the Harleian MS. 7044, p.\n167., and printed by Professor Creasy in his _Account of Eton College_,\np. 73. (from whose work I take the extract), the following passage\noccurs, under the head \"Mense Januario.\" I would remark, that Montem was\nchanged from January to Whit-Tuesday, about a hundred years since:--\n\n     \"'Circiter festum Conversionis Divi Pauli ad horam nonam quodam die\n     pro arbitrio moderatoris' (ex consueto modo quo eunt collectum\n     Avellanas Mense Septembri), itur a pueris ad Montem. Mons puerili\n     religione Etonensium sacer locus est; hunc ob pulchritudinem agri,\n     amoenitatem graminis, umbraculorum temperationem, et Apollini et\n     Musis venerabilem sedem faciunt, carminibus celebrant, Tempe\n     vocant, Heliconi praeferunt. Hic Novitii seu recentes, qui annum\n     nondum viriliter et nervose in acie Etonensi ad verbera steterunt\n     _sale primo_ condiuntur, tum versiculis qui habeant _salem_ ac\n     leporem, quoad fieri potest egregie depinguntur. Deinde in recentes\n     epigrammata faciunt, omni suavitate sermonis, et facetiis alter\n     alterum superare contendentes. Quicquid in buccam venit libere\n     licet effutire, modo Latine fiat, modo habeat urbanitatem, modo\n     caveat obscoena verborum scurrilitate, postremo et lacrymis\n     _salsis_ humectant ora genasque' et tune demum veteranorum ritibus\n     initiantur. Sequuntur orationes et parvi triumphi, et serio\n     laetantur, cum ob praeteritos labores tum ob cooptationem in tam\n     lepidorum commilitonum societatem.\"\n\nIt seems that \"salting\" was a sort of initiation, like that which\nprevails among our Teutonic brethren, where the \"Fuchs\" is raised to the\nsublime degree of a \"Brandfuchs,\" \"junge Bursch,\" \"bemorstes Haupt,\" by\nsuccessive promotions. Not improbably in after times, especially at the\nUniversities, like \"passing the Line,\" it admitted of being commuted for\na money payment. The exact nature of the \"salting\" at Eton I cannot\nexplain; perhaps your able correspondent, R.O., may afford information\non this head.\n\nC.R. SOC.\n\n_College Salting_ (no. 17. p. 261.).--I cannot but think that the asking\nfor salt at the now abolished ceremony of the Eton Montem (whence also,\nas it is said, \"Salt Hill\" was named) must have been connected with the\n\"College Salting.\" The salt, or money, then collected belonged, as is\nwell known, to the head-boy who had \"got Montem,\" as it (alas!) _was_\ncalled, and who was about to enter on his career (of course as a\nfreshman) at Cambridge.\n\nI would gladly, if permitted, draw the attention of your correspondents,\nwho are considering the original subject, to the latter, by placing it\nin juxtaposition with \"College Salting.\"\n\nG.W.\n\nHamilton Terrace.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJUNIUS.\n\nThe questions asked by your correspondent \"P.\" (No. 18. p. 172.)\nperplexed by their simplicity. The answer, if answer can be seriously\nrequired, was obvious. All that was ever urged in favour of every other\nclaimant was against the claim of Sir George Jackson. Beyond this I know\nnot what reply could be given. Emboldened by silence, \"P.\" now proceeds\n(p. 276.) to adduce certain evidence which he supposes has some bearing\non the question. \"I possess,\" he says, \"an unpublished letter by Junius\n_to_ Woodfall, which once belonged to Sir George Jackson. My query is,\n'Is it likely he would have obtained it from Junius, if he were neither\nJunius himself nor a party concerned?'\" What can be the meaning of this,\nobtain _from Junius_ a letter which Junius had sent to Woodfall? Why, it\nis obvious that Sir George must have obtained it as \"P.\" obtained it--as\nall autograph collectors obtain their treasures--directly or indirectly,\nby gift or by purchase, mediately or immediately from one of the\nWoodfalls--probably from Henry Sampson Woodfall--probably from George\nWoodfall, who has recorded the fact that he lent one letter to a Mr.\nDuppa, which was never returned. \"P.\" then proceeds a step further, and\nobserves--\"The manner in which Burke evades the question, as to himself\nbeing the author of Junius, makes me think two or three were concerned\nin these letters.\" Well, and it made others think so half a century or\nmore since. The three Burkes have often been named--the Burkes again,\nwith the assistance of Samuel Dyer: and Mr. Prior put forth a very\nreputable argument in favour of the claims of the Burkes, but it was\ndelicate and died young. If your correspondent has nothing to urge in\nfavour of this conjecture, why disinter it? \"P.,\" however, has it\nin his power to do some service to the cause: let him send you, for\npublication, an exact copy of the Junius' letter, following carefully\nthe spelling, the capital letters, the instructions, and even the\npunctuation.\n\nMr. John Sudlow's conjectures are still more simple. He evidently is not\naware that when a public writer assumes a character he is bound to hold\nto it consistently; and that as \"ATTICUS\" was then writing on the\nsubject of the national debt, and objecting to the financial policy of\nthe minister, he naturally affected to be a fundholder, to be\nfrightened, and to have, in consequence, removed his property. What a\nstrange notion Mr. Sudlow must have of Steele and Addison, if he has\nread the _The Spectator_ and _The Tatler_ after this literal fashion.\nBut I will not speculate on his speculations, but come to facts.\n\nIt is true that \"amongst the letters attributed to Junius, and, in the\nopinion of Dr. Good, most certainly his production, is one signed\nAtticus,\" {323} which your correspondent proceeds to quote, adding that\nit is \"believed to be the first which appeared signed Atticus.\" This is\nreally a little \"too bad.\" It is known, and ought to have been known to\nyour correspondent before he intermeddled, that Good, though he wrote\nso confidently in public, had \"most certainly\" very great doubts in\nprivate; that others who have examined the question have no doubt at\nall; and have, indeed, adduced such strong proofs against Good's\nconjectures, that the gentleman now engaged in producing a new edition\nof Good's work speaks, in the first volume, the only one yet published,\nof Good's \"unhesitating affiliation\" of these letters, and announces his\nintention of offering hereafter \"strong proof\" that the letters signed\nPoplicola, _Atticus_, and others, \"_were not written by Junius_.\" That\nthere may be persons who _believe_ that the letter quoted was the first\nwhich appeared signed Atticus, I cannot deny; but all who are reasonably\ninformed on the subject _know_ that it is not so;--know, as stated not\nlong since in the _Athenaeum_, that letters signed Atticus appeared\nin the _Public Advertizer_ from 1766 to 1773--possibly before and\nafter--and that within that period there were at least thirty-seven\nletters published, from which Good was pleased to select four.\n\nW.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWHITE HART INN, SCOLE.\n\nHaving an engraving of this sign, I am enabled satisfactorily to reply\nto Mr. Cooper's query (No. 16. p. 245.) respecting its existence. The\nengraving measures 17 inches and a half long, by 22 wide; it was\n\"Published according to Act of Parliament May the 1st 1740.\" In the\nright-hand bottom corner appears \"Jno Fessey Sculp.,\" and in the left\n\"Joshua Kirby Delin't.\" It is entitled, \"The North East Side of ye Sign\nof ye White Hart at Schoale Inn in Norfolk, built in the year 1655 by\nJames Peck, a Merchant of Norwich, which cost 1057l., humbly Dedicated\nto James Betts Gent by his most Obed't Serv't Harwin Martin.\" The sign\nsprings on one side from a mass of masonry, and was joined to the house\non the other: it was sufficiently high to enable carriages to drive\nunder it. As it would trespass too much on your columns were I to\nparticularise each of the figures, I will content myself with giving\nthe printed explanation of them from the engraving, premising that each\nfigure is numbered:--\"1. Jonah coming out of the Fishes Mouth. 2. A\nLion supporting the Arms of Great Yarmouth. 3. A Bacchus. 4. The Arms of\nLindley. 5. The Arms of Hobart, now Lord Hobart. 6. A Shepherd playing\non his Pipe. 7. An Angel supporting the Arms of Mr. Peck's Lady.\n8. An Angel supporting the Arms of Mr. Peck. 9. A White Hart, with\nthis Motto (this is the one which 'hangs down carved in a stately\nwreath')--'Implentur veteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae Anno Dom 1655.'\n10. The Arms of the late Earl of Yarmouth. 11. The Arms of the Duke of\nNorfolk. 12. Neptune on a Dolphin. 13. A Lion supporting the Arms of\nNorwich. 14. Charon carrying a reputed Witch to Hell. 15. Cerberus. 16.\nAn Huntsman. 17. Actaeon [with three dogs, and this legend, 'Actaeon ego\nsum Dominum cognoscite vestrum']. 18. A White Hart couchant [underneath\nappears in the engraving the artist's name--Johannes Fairchild struxit].\n19. Prudence. 20. Fortitude. 21. Temperance. 22. Justice. 23. Diana\n[with two greyhounds, one of whom is chasing a hare]. 24. Time devouring\nan Infant [with the legend, 'Tempus edax rerum,' below]. 25. An\nAstronomer, who is seated on a Circumferenter, and by some Chymical\nPreparation is so Affected that in the fine Weather he faces that\nQuarter from whence it is about to come.\" The whole sign is drawn by a\nscale of half an inch to a food, and most of the figures are of the size\nof life. On both sides of the engraving, but distinct from the sign, are\nseven coats of arms. Those on the right hand are: 1. Earl of Yarmouth.\n2. Cornwallis impaling 1st and 4th Buckton, 2nd Unknown, 3rd Teye. 3.\nCastleton. 4. Unknown. 5. Mrs. Peck [these arms are wrongly blazoned by\nBlomefield; they are _gules_ a fesse _argent_, between, in chief, two\ncrescents, and in base, a lion _passant guardant_ of the same]. 6. Great\nYarmouth. 7. Unknown. The arms on the opposite side are: 1. Duke of\nNorfolk. 2. Hobart. 3. Bacon. 4. Thurston. 5. Mr. Peck impaling his wife\n[his arms, too, are wrongly blazoned; they should be--Or, on a chevron\nengrailed gules three crosslets pattee argent]. 6. Lindley. 7. Norwich.\n\nMr. Cooper will find a slight notice of this sign, both in Gough's\n_Camden_ and in _The Beauties of England and Wales_; but both these are\nof later date than Mr. Cruttwell's _Tour_. I have only to add, that I\nshould wish Mr. Cooper to _see_ the engraving. I shall be very happy to\nsend it by post for his inspection.\n\nCRANMORE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n_Parkership, Porkership, Pokership._--With every deference to the\ningenious suggestions of Mr. Bolton Corney (No. 15. p. 218.), I think it\nwill be found, on reference to the original documents, that \"Pokership\"\nis a misreading of the ancient writing for \"Parkership.\" This question\nmight be determined if any correspondent, acquainted with the present\nexcellent arrangement of our records, could inform us whether the\nappointments under the old Earldom of March are extant. A large portion\nof Herefordshire was held under his tenure. Thomas Croft, of Croft, was,\nin 1473, \"Parker\" of Pembrugge, in that county: _Rot. Parl_. vi. 342. In\n1485 John Amyas {324} was, by the act of settlement made on the accession\nof Henry VII., continued in his office \"of the kepyng of our chase of\nMoketree in Wigmoresland under the Erledom of Marche,\" and Thomas Grove\n\"in the keepying of our chase of the Boryngwood in Wigmoresland and of\nthe 'Poulterership' and keping of the ditch of the same.\"\n\nIn _An Abstract of the late King's Revenues_ (printed 1651, 4to.) is\nthis entry relating to Bringwood:--\n\n     \"To Sir Robert Harley for keeping Boringwood alias Bringwood Forest\n     Com. Heref. 6l. 2s. 8d. per ann., for the Pokership 30s. 5d. by the\n     year, and for the keeping the forest of Prestwood 18s. by the\n     year.\"\n\nIn a survey made of mocktree and Bringwood Forests in 1633, it is\nstated, that \"these Forests are stately grounds, and do feed a great and\nlarge Deer, and will keep of Red and Fallow Deer two or three thousand\nat the least.\"\n\nThese enclosures were disafforested temp. Charles II., and they now form\npart of the Downton Castle Estate.\n\nW.H.C.\n\nTemple.\n\n\n_Porkership_-Accept my best thanks for your ready insertion of my\nobservations in No. 18.; but I regret to say that the printer has\nunfortunately made a mistake in one word, and that, as it mostly\nhappens, the principal one, on which the gist of my illustration in\nregard to the Pokership depends. The error occurs in the extract from\nthe Pipe Roll, where the word has been printed Parcario instead of\nPorcario; added to which the abbreviations in the other words are\nwanting, which renders the meaning doubtful. It should have been printed\nthus:--\"Et [i+] li[b+]ae const Porcario de [h+]eford,\"--being, _in\nextenso_, \"Et in liberatione constat Porcario de Hereford.\" Showing that\nin early times there was a hog warden, or person who collected the\nking's hog-rent in Hereford. And further, Mr. Smirke's extract in No.\n17. p. 269., shows that in Henry VIII.'s time the Porcarius had become\nPocarius, the fee being within 1d. of the same amount as that paid in\nJohn's reign.\n\nMay I, under these circumstances, crave a short note in your next\nNumber, correcting the oversight, so that my Porker may be set on his\nlegs again?\n\nP.S.--In reference to the claim, the name of the place should be\nBurnford, not Barnford.\n\nT.R.F.\n\nSpring Gardens, March 4, 1850.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nREPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.\n\n_Coleridge's Christabel and Byron's Lara_ (No. 17. p. 262.).--What\nChristabel saw is plain enough. The lady was a being like Duessa, a\nSpenser; a horrible-looking witch, who could, to a certain degree, put\non an appearance of beauty. The difference is, that this lady had both\nforms at once; the one in her face, the other concealed. This is quite\nplain from the very words of Coleridge.\n\nThe lifting her over the sill seems to be something like the same\nsuperstition that we have in Scott's _Eve of St. John_:--\n\n    \"But I had not had pow'r to come to thy bow'r,\n    If Though had'st not charm'd me so.\"\n\nI have no doubt that Lara is the Corsair; and Kaled Gulnare, from the\nCorsair: the least inspection is enough to show this. Ezzelin must also\nbe Seyd; but that does not answer quite so well. All that there is to\nprepare it is, that Seyd is only left for dead, in a great hurry, and\ntherefore might recover; and that he drank wine, and therefore might be\nof Christian extraction. In Lara he is described as dark; but his\nappearance is rather confusedly related, as if he never appeared but\nonce, and yet Otho knows him, and he has a dwelling. The shriek is more\ndifficult. There could be no meeting, then, between Ezzelin and Lara,\nbecause Ezzelin is surprised by meeting him at Otho's. Whether the\nshriek may not be owing to a meeting between Kaled and Ezzelin, is in\nnot so clear. From the splendid description of her looking down upon\nhim, it is not proved that she there saw him first; and Ezzelin never\nsees her at all there.\n\nNothing is more interesting than these mysteries left in narrative\nfictions. The story of Gertude, in that first of romances, the _Promessi\nSposi_, is a very great instance; and the bad taste, of bringing her up\nagain to the subject of a story by another writer, is so extreme, that I\nnever could look into the book. That Mazoni has left the character, whom\nhe calls the _Innominato_, in mystery, is historical, and not of his own\ncontrivance.\n\nI used to think that Scott had left the part of Clara, in _St. Ronan's\nWell_, intentionally mysterious, as to a most important circumstance;\nbut we learn, from his _Life_, that he meant to have made that\ncircumstance a part of the story, but was prevented by the publisher. It\nis natural that the altered novel, therefore, should retain some\nimpressions of it. I refer particularly to the latter part of the\ncommunications between her and her brother. But the meeting between her\nand Tyrell in the woods, and their conversation there, I now think,\nforbid the reader to suspect any thing like what I speak of. In such\ncases I do not myself wish to know too much about the matter. Sometimes\nthe author wishes you to have the pleasure of guessing, as I think, in\nLara; sometimes he means to be more mysterious; sometimes he does not\nknow himself. It would have been idle to have asked Johnson where Ajeet\nwent to.\n\nC.B. {325}\n\n\n_Sir William Rider_ (No. 12. p. 186).--\"H.F.\" will find some account of\nthe acts and deeds of Sir Thomas Lake and Dame Mary Lake his wife in the\n_13th Report on Charities_, p. 280, as to their gifts to Muccleston in\nStaffordshire. In the _24th Report_, p. 300, as to Drayton in the same\ncounty. Dame Mary Lake was also a benefactor to the parish of Little\nStanmore, see _9th Report_, p. 271. See also Stow's _Survey_ 593. (ed.\n1633.)\n\nH.E.\n\n\n_God tempers the Wind_ (No. 14. p. 211.; No. 15. p 236.).--The proverb\nis French: \"A brebis tondue Dieu mesure le vent;\" but I cannot tell now\nwhere to find it in print, except in Chambaud's _Dictionary_. That is\nwhy Sterne puts it into the mouth of Maria.\n\nC.B.\n\n\n_Complutensian Polyglot._--\"Mr. JEBB\" asks (No. 14. p. 213.), \"In what\nreview or periodical did there appear a notice of the supposed discovery\nof the MSS. from which the _Complutensian Polyglot_ was compiled?\"\n\nHe will find an article on this subject in the _Irish Ecclesiastical\nJournal_ for April, 1847; from which I learn that there was a previous\narticle, by Dr. James Thomson, one of the agents of the British and\nForeign Bible Society, in the _Biblical Review_, a London periodical\npublication. Dr. Thomson, if I understand the matter aright, professed\nto have found at Madrid the MSS., so long supposed to have been lost.\n\nThere is also an article on the same subject by Dr. Bowring, in the\n_Monthly Repository_, vol. xvi. (1821), p. 203.\n\n\n_Tickhill, God help me_ (No. 16. p. 247.).--Of Tickhill I know nothing;\nbut Melverley in this county goes by the soubriquet of \"Melverley, God\nhelp;\" and the folk-lore on the subject is this:--Melverley lies by\nSevern side, where that river flows under the Breiddon hills from the\ncounty of Montgomery into that of Salop. It is frequently inundated in\nwinter, and, consequently, very productive in summer. They say that if a\nMelverley man is asked in winter where he belongs, the doleful and\ndowncast reply is, \"Melverley, God help me;\" but asked the same question\nin summer, he answers quite jauntily, \"Melverley, and what do you\nthink?\" A friend informs me that the same story appertains to Pershore\nin the vale of Evesham. Perhaps the analogy may assist Mr. Johnson in\nrespect to Tickhill.\n\nLet me take this opportunity to add to my flim-flam on pet-names in your\nlate Number, that Jack appears to have been a common term to designate a\nlow person, as \"every Jack;\" \"every man-jack;\" \"Jack-of-all-trades?\"\n\"Jackanapes;\" &c.\n\nB.H. KENNEDY.\n\nShrewsbury, Feb. 18.\n\n\n_Bishop Blaise_ (No. 16. p. 247.).--Four lives of the martyr Blasius,\nBishop of Sebaste in Cappadocia, are to be found in the Bollandine _Acta\nSanctorum_, under the 3rd of February. It appears that the relics and\nworship of this saint were very widely spread through Europe, and some\nplaces seem to have claimed him as indigenous on the strength merely of\npossessing one of his toes or teeth. The wool-comb was one of the\ninstruments with which he was tortured, and having become a symbol of\nhis martyrdom, gave occasion, it would seem, to the wool-combers to\nclaim him as their patron, and to ascribe to him the invention of their\nart. See Ellis's Brand's _Popular Antiquities_, vol. i. pp. 29, 30; and\nquery whether the veneration of St. Blaise by these artizans were not\npeculiar to England. Blasius of Sebaste is said to have been a\nphysician; in consequence of the persecution raised by Diocletian, he\nretired to a mountain named Argaeus, whither all the wild beasts of the\ncountry resorted to him, and reverentially attended him. But there is a\nlegend of another Blasius of Caesarea in Cappadocia, who is represented\nas an owner of herds ([Greek: boukolos]), and remarkable for his charity\nto the poor. His herdsman's staff was planted over the spot where he was\nmartyred, and grew into an umbrageous tree.\n\nThis variation of legends favours the idea that the cultus of Blasius\nwas founded upon that of some deity worshipped in Cappadocia, whose\nrites and attributes may have varied in different localities.\n\nC.W.G.\n\n\n_Sangred--Judas Bell._--\"BURIENSIS\" inquires (p. 124.) what _sangred_\nis. This term is noticed in Rock's _Church of Our Fathers_, t. ii. p.\n372. In the very interesting, \"Extracts from Church-warden's Accounts,\"\np. 195., it is asked what \"Judas' bell\" was. I presume it to have been a\nbell named after, because blessed in honour of the apostle St. Jude,\nwho, in the Greek Testament, in the Vulgate, and our own early English\ntranslations, as well as old calendars, is always called Judas, and not\nJude, as a difference from Judas Iscariot.\n\nCEPHAS.\n\n\n_La Mer des Histoires._--\"MR. SANSOM\" (No. 18. p. 286.) has inquired,\nWhat is known of Columna's book, entitled _Mare Historiarum_? Trithemius\nhas made mention of the work (_De Script. Eccles_. DL.), and two\nmanuscript copies of it are preserved in the Royal Library at Paris. (B.\nde Montfaucon, _Biblioth. Bibliothecar. MSS._ tom ii. p. 751. Par.\n1739.) Douce very properly distinguished it from _La Mer des Histoires_;\nbut, if he wrote \"Mochartus,\" he was in error; for _Brochart_ was the\nauthor of the Latin original, called _Rudimentum Novitiorum_, and\npublished in 1475. As to the statement of Genebrard, that Joannes de\nColumna was the writer of the \"_Mater_ Historiarum,\" I should say that\nthe mistake was produced by confounding the words _Mer_ and _Mere_. Mr.\nSansom may find all the information {326} that need be desired on this\nsubject in Quetif et Echard, _Scriptores Ord. Praed._ tom. i. pp. 418-20.\nLut. Paris, 1719. (Vid. etiam Amb. de Altamura, _Biblioth. Dominican_.\np. 45. Romae, 1677; Fabricii, _Bibl. Med. et Inf. Latin._ i. 1133. Hamb.\n1734.)\n\nR.G.\n\n\n\"What are _depenings_?\" (No. 18. p. 277.)\n\nThe nets used by the Yarmouth herring busses were made in breadths of\nsix feet. The necessary _depth_ was obtained by sewing together\nsuccessive breadths, and each breadth was therefore called a\n_deepening_.[4]\n\nED.\n\n[Footnote 4: From a pamphlet written about 1615, not now before us. ED.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMISCELLANIES.\n\n_Tale of a Tub._--It is generally supposed that the title of Swift's\n_Tale of a Tub_ was a jest originally levelled at the Puritan pulpit. It\nprobably had served a more ancient purpose. In Bale's _Comedye\nconcerning Three Laws_, compiled in 1538, Infidelitas says:\n\n    \"Ye say they follow your law,\n    And vary not a shaw,\n      Which is a tale of a tub.\"\n\nJ.O.W.H.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nA GENIUS.\n\n(_From the German of Claudius_.)\n\n    \"Friend Ass,\" said the Fox, as he met him one day,\n    \"What can people mean?--Do you know what they say?\"\n    \"No, I don't,\" said the Ass; \"nor I don't care, not I.\"\n    \"Why, they say you're a GENIUS,\" was Reynard's reply.\n    \"My stars!\" muttered Jack, quite appall'd by the word,\n    \"What can I have done that's so very absurd?\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n_Dedications_ (No. 17. p. 259.).--In Villaneuva's Dedication to the Duke\nof Medinaceli of his _Origen Epocas y Progressos del Teatro Espanol_\n(Madrid, 1802, sm. 4to.), the enumeration of the names, titles, and\noffices of his patron occupies three entire pages, and five lines of a\nfourth.\n\nF.C.B.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.\n\nThe Percy Society have just issued a reprint of a black letter tract,\nentitled \"A manifest Detection of the most Vyle and Detestable Use of\nDice Play,\" which exhibits a curious picture of the tricks in vogue\namongst the gamesters of the sixteenth century, and, as the Editor very\njustly observes, \"comprises fuller explanations of terms used by\nShakspeare and other old dramatists than are to be found in the notes of\nthe commentators. The mysteries of _gowrds_ and _fullams_, _high men_\nand _low men_, stumbling-blocks to many intelligent readers of the works\nof the Stratford Poet, are here satisfactorily revealed.\"\n\nWhatever hope the projectors of the approaching _Exhibition of Works of\nAncient and Mediaeval Art_ entertained of forming such a collection of\nobjects as might deserve the attention of the public generally, and\naccomplish the great end in view, have been more than realised. Thanks\nto the liberality with which the possessors of works of early art of\nthis description, from the most distinguished personages of the realm,\nhave placed their stores at the disposal of the committee, the very\nnovel exhibition which will open to the public on Thursday next, will be\nas remarkable for its intrinsic beauty, as for its instructive and\nsuggestive character.\n\nWe need scarcely remind lovers of fine editions of first class books\nthat Messrs. Sotheby commence the sale of the first portion of the\nextensive stock of Messrs. Payne and Foss, of Pall Mall, on Monday next.\n\nWe have received from Mr. Straker, of 3. Adelaide Street, his Catalogue\nof English and Foreign Theology, arranged according to subject, and with\nan Alphabetical Index of Authors: and also Parts I. and II. of his\nMonthly Catalogues of Ancient and modern Theological Literature. Mr.\nLilly, who has removed to No. 7. Pall Mall, has also forwarded Nos. 1.\nand 2. of his Catalogues of Rare, Curious, and Useful Books. Mr. Miller,\nof 43. Chandos Street, has just issued No. 3. for 1850 of his Catalogue\nof Books, Old and New: and Mr. Quarritch (of 16. Castle Street,\nLeicester Square) No. 14. Catalogue of Oriental and Foreign Books: and,\nthough not least deserving of mention (by us, at all events, as he has\nthe good taste to announce on his Catalogue \"Notes and Queries SOLD\"),\nMr. Nield, of 46. Burlington Arcade has just issued No. 2. for 1850, in\nwhich are some Marprelate and Magical Books worth looking after.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.\n\nE. VEE. \"When Greeks join Greeks,\" &c. is a line by _NAT. LEE._ See No.\n14. p. 211.\n\nK.D.B. The following--\"In Flesh-monger-street, Siward the moneyer\n(renders) to the King 15d. and to William de Chesney houseroom, salt and\nwater\"--is a literal translation. Correspondents must be careful not to\nomit letters or contractions in extracts from original records. It would\nin this case have been difficult correctly to render \"monet\" without a\ncontraction; and \"Flemangerstret,\" as our correspondent wrote it, might\nhave been changed into \"Fell-monger-,\" instead of \"Flesh-monger-street.\"\nThe service of \"house-room, salt, and {327} water,\" seems a singular\none; it was, of course, a kind of entertainment, or a contribution to\nentertainment. If the _Liber Winton_ contains no other notice of similar\nservices, \"H.D.K.\" will find the subject illustrated, though not the\nparticular tenure, at pp. 260-267. of the first volume of Sir H. Ellis's\n_Introduction to the Great Domesday_.\n\nRue Strewed before Prisoners at the Bar of the Old Bailey. This custom\noriginated in the fear of infection, at a period when Judges, &c. were\nliable to fall victims to gaol fever.\n\nErratum. No. 19. p. 307. col. 2., for \"Pla_u_torum Abbreviati_s_\" read\n\"Pla_ci_torum Abbreviati_o_.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust published, price 5s.\n\nAN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF CUMNOR PLACE, BERKS, with\nBiographical Notices of the LADY AMY DUDLEY and of ANTHONY FORSTER,\nEsq., sometime M.P. for Abingdon; followed by some Remarks on the\nStatements in Sir Walter Scott's Kenilworth; and a Brief History of the\nParish of Cumnor and its Antiquities. By ALFRED DURLING BARTLETT, of\nAbingdon.\n\nOxford and London: JOHN HENRY PARKER.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nJust published, a New Edition, revised and much enlarged, of the\n\nHISTORY OF ENGLAND from the first Invasion of the Romans, to the\nAccession of William and Mary, in the Year 1688. By the Rev. Dr.\nLINGARD. Handsomely printed in Ten large octavo Volumes, price Six\nPounds, cloth lettered, and enriched with a Likeness of the Author,\nengraved in the best style, from a Portrait taken last year by Mr.\nSkaile.\n\nLondon: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nNow ready, 1 vol. 8vo, with etched Frontispiece, by Webnert, and Eight\nEngravings, price 15s.\n\nSABRINAE COROLLA: a Volume of Classical Translations with original\nCompositions contributed by Gentlemen educated at Shrewsbury School.\n\nAmong the Contributors are the Head Masters of Shrewsbury, Stamford,\nRepton, Uppingham, and Birmingham Schools; Andrew Lawson, Esq. late\nM.P.; the Rev. R. Shilleto, Cambridge; the Rev. T.S. Evans, Rugby; J.\nRiddell, Esq., Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford; the Rev. E.M. Cope,\nH.J. Hodgson, Esq., H.A.J. Munro, Esq., W.G. Clark, Esq., Fellows of\nTrinity College, Cambridge, and many other distinguished Scholars from\nboth Universities.\n\nThe Work is edited by three of the principal Contributors.\n\nLondon: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nIn 8vo., 12s. 6d.; royal 8vo., 18s.\n\nORIGINES PATRICIAE, or a Deduction of European Titles of Nobility and\nDignified Offices, from their Primitive Sources. By R.T. HAMPSON.\n\nIn 2 vols. 8vo., with Illuminated Fac-simile Engravings of Anglo-Saxon\nKalendars. Price 32s.\n\nMEDII AEVI KALENDARIUM; or Dates, Charters and Customs of the Middle\nAges, with Kalendars from the Tenth to the Fifteenth Century; and an\nalphabetical Digest of Obsolete Names of Days, forming a Glossary of the\nDates and Ecclesiastical Observances of the Middle Ages. By R.T.\nHAMPSON.\n\nFAC-SIMILE UNDER SEAL.\n\nOn a Sheet, 22 Inches by 30. Price 7s. 6d.\n\nMAGNA CHARTA SUB SIGILLO REGIS JOHANNIS, An. Dom. M.CC.XV.\n\nLondon: Henry Kent CAUSTON, at the Printing Offices, Nag's Head Court,\nGracechurch Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nTwenty Day's Sale of the First Portion of the valuable and extensive\nStock of Books of Messrs. Payne and Foss.\n\nMESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., Auctioneers of Literary Property and\nWorks illustrative of the Fine Arts, will sell at their House, 3.\nWellington Street, Strand, on Monday, March 18th, 1850, and Nine\nfollowing Days, and on Monday, April 8th, and Nine following days, at\nOne o'Clock precisely, the First Portion of the extensive and valuable\nSTOCK of BOOKS of Messrs. Payne and Foss, retiring from Business:\ncomprising interesting Publications in the Infancy of Printing, first\nand best Editions of the Classics, Productions of the Aldine Press,\nTheology and best Editions of the Fathers, French and Italian Books,\nVoyages and Travels, fine Books of Prints, English History and\nMiscellaneous Literature. Many of the Books are on Large Paper, and in\nMorocco and Russia bindings. To be viewed Two Days prior, and Catalogues\nhad.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nIn 1 vol. royal 4to., with 18 Plates. Price 1l. 1s.\n\nTHE DODO AND ITS KINDRED, or the History of the Dodo, the SOLITAIRE, and\nother extinct Birds of the Mascarene Islands. By H.E. STRICKLAND, M.A.,\nand A.G. MELVILLE, M.D. For reviews of this work see _Blackwood's\nMagazine_, Jan., 1849; _Athenaeum_, Feb. 10., 1849; _Westminster Review_,\nApril, 1849; _Silliman's American Journal_, Jan., 1849; _Revue\nZoologique_, Oct., 1848; _Zeitung fuer Zoologie_, May 20, 1849, &c.\n\nLondon: REEVE, BENHAM, and REEVE, King William Street, Strand.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nVALUABLE QUARTO CLASSICS, in good condition and at reduced\nprices--AEliani Varia Historia, Gr. et Lat., Gronovil, vellum, 10s.;\nAEschylus, Gr. et Lat. Butleri, 4 vols., new, cloth, 2l. 2s.; Aurelius\nVictor, Aratzenii, calf, gilt, 8s. 6d.; Ausonius, Delphini, calf, gilt,\n10s. 6d.; large paper, rare, 15s.; Demosthenes et AEschines, Gr. et Lat.,\nTaylori, 2 vols., calf, neat, 10s.; Euripides, Gr. et Lat., Beckii, 3\nvols., russia, extra, 1l. 15s.; Homerus, Gr. et Lat., Barnnessil, 2\nvols., calf, neat, 15s.; Horatius, edidit Combe, 2 vols., calf, gilt,\n1l. 5s. russia, extra, 1l. 15s.; Lucanus, Oudenorpil, 2 vols., calf,\nneat, 12s. 6d.; Lucanus, Burmanni, calf, neat, 10s. 6d.; Lucretius,\nedidit Keats, calf, extra, 6s., russia, extra, large paper, 10s.;\nMaximum Tyrius, Gr. et Lat., Marklandi et Davisit, calf, gilt, 10s.;\nMinuciux Felix, Ouzelii, vellum, 5s.; Phaedrus Hoogstratani, calf, gilt,\nplates, scarce, 12s.; Plautus, Delphini, 2 vols., calf, neat, 18s.,\nvellum, fine copy, 1l. 5s.; Plinii Historia Naturalis, Delphini, 6\nvols., calf, neat, 1l. 5s.; Plinii Epistolae, Cortii et Longolii, vellum,\n12s.; Plinii Panegyricus, Schwarzli, sewed, 6s., russia, 12s.;\nPropertius, Brouckhusii, 1727, calf, gilt, or vellum, 6s.; Quintillanus,\nBurmanoi, 4 vols., calf, neat, 1l. 1s.; Quintus Curtius, Snakenburgii, 2\nvols., calf, neat, 12s., calf, gilt, 15s.; Sallustius, Havercampi, 2\nvols., calf, gilt, 1l. 4s.; Suetonius, Pitisci, 2 vols., calf, gilt,\n15s.; Terentius, Delphini, calf, neat, 7s.; Thucydides, Gr. et Lat.,\nGottleberi et Dukeri, 2 vols., russia, 14s.; Tibullus, Brouckhusii,\ncalf, gilt, or vellum, 5s.; Vilgilius, Masavicii, 2 vols., calf, neat,\n10s. 6d.--A Catalogue, containing upwards of 2000 Articles, including\nTranslations, Commentaries, Lexicons, &c., will be sent on receipt of\ntwo postage stamps.\n\nR. SAYWELL, 193. High Holborn, opposite New Oxford Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nThe highly-interesting Collection of Autograph Letters of George\nLinnecar, Esq., of Liverpool; a Picture by Hogarth; various articles\nformerly in the possession of John Evelyn, &c.\n\nPUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by\nAUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on TUESDAY, March 19, and\nfollowing day, the very select and interesting collection of AUTOGRAPH\nLETTERS of GEORGE LINNECAR, Esq., of Liverpool. The greater part of this\ncollection has been selected from the extraordinary assemblage of\nletters formed by the late William Upcott, Esq., and consists mainly of\ninteresting letters of English literary characters from the time of\nAlexander Pope to the present period. A volume of unpublished poems in\nthe autograph of James Thompson, some miscellanies from the collection\nof John Evelyn, including his well-known drinking cup; a plaster cast\nfrom Thorwaldsen's bust of Byron (only two taken), a picture by Hogarth,\nminiature of Voltaire by Sir J. Reynolds, &c.\n\nMay be viewed the day before the sale. Catalogues will be sent on\napplication.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *{328}\n\nILLUSTRATED WORKS.\n\nRICKMAN'S GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. An attempt to Discriminate the Different\nStyles of Architecture in England. By the late THOMAS RICKMAN, F.S.A.\nWith 30 Engravings on Steel by Le Keux, &c., and 465 on Wood, of the\nbest examples, from Original Drawings by F. Mackenzie, O. Jewitt, and\nP.H. Delamotte. Fifth Edition. 8vo. 21s.\n\nTHE ECCLESIASTICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL TOPOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND. Part I.\nBedfordshire. Part II. Berkshire. Part III. Buckinghamshire. 8vo. 2s.\n6d. each. Part IV. Oxfordshire, nearly ready.\n\nAN INQUIRY INTO THE DIFFERENCE OF STYLE OBSERVABLE IN ANCIENT PAINTED\nGLASS, with Hints on Glass Painting, illustrated by numerous Coloured\nPlates from Ancient Examples. By an Amateur. 2 vols. 8vo. 1l. 10s.\n\nA BOOK OF ORNAMENTAL GLAZING QUARRIES, collected and arranged from\nAncient Examples. By AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON FRANKS, B.A. With 112 Coloured\nExamples. 8vo. 16s.\n\nA GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN BRITISH HERALDRY, with a Chronological Table\nillustrative of its Rise and Progress. 8vo. With 700 Engravings. 16s.\n\nA GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, AND GOTHIC\nARCHITECTURE. The Fifth Edition, enlarged. Exemplified by numerous\nWoodcuts. 2 vols. 8vo., nearly ready.\n\nMANUAL OF ENGLISH MEDIEVAL EMBROIDERY. With a Practical Section, by a\nLady. 16mo. With numerous Illustrations. 5s.\n\nARCHITECTURAL NOTICES OF THE CHURCHES IN THE ARCHDEACONRY OF\nNORTHAMPTON. With numerous Illustrations on Wood and Steel Royal 8vo.,\ncloth, 1l. 15s. plain; 2l. 12s. 6d. India proofs.\n\nWARMINGTON CHURCH, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. Views, Elevations, Sections, and\nDetails. By W. CAVELER, Esq., Architect. 16 Plates, royal folio, cloth,\n1l. 1s.\n\nMINSTER LOVELL CHURCH, OXFORDSHIRE. Views, Elevations, Sections, and\nDetails. By J. PRICHARD, Esq., Architect. Folio. Nearly ready.\n\nANGLICAN CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. With some Remarks upon Ecclesiastical\nFurniture. By JAMES BARR, Architect. Illustrated by 130 Examples. The\nThird Edition, revised and enlarged. 12mo. 5s.\n\nDESCRIPTIVE NOTICES OF SOME OF THE ANCIENT PAROCHIAL AND COLLEGIATE\nCHURCHES OF SCOTLAND. With Woodcuts. By O. JEWITT. 8vo. 7s. 6d.\n\nAN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. 16mo. With 110\nIllustrations. Price 4s. 6d.\n\nTHE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL, Published under the direction of the Central\nCommittee of the Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland,\nfor the Encouragement and Prosecution of Researches into the Arts and\nMonuments of the Early and Middle Ages. With numerous Illustrations.\nComplete, with General Index. 5 vols. 8vo., cloth. 2l. 16s.\n\nTHE ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY OF CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL. By the Rev. Professor\nWILLIS, M.A., F.R.S., &c. 8vo. With 52 Woodcuts. 10s. 6d.\n\nTHE ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY OF WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL. By the same Author.\n8vo. With Woodcuts and Plan. 5s.\n\nTHE ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY OF YORK CATHEDRAL. With Woodcuts and Plan. 2s.\n6d.\n\nSPECIMENS OF CHURCH PLATE, SEPULCHRAL CROSSES, &c. Complete in 1 vol.\n4to., cloth lettered, 1l. 3s.\n\nTHE SCULPTURES OF WELLS CATHEDRAL. With Observations on the Art of\nSculpture in England in the Thirteenth Century. By C.R. COCKERELL, Esq.,\nProfessor R.A. In the Press.\n\nTHE PRIMEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND, illustrated by those of DENMARK. By\nJ.J.A. WORSAAE, Member of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of\nCopenhagen. Translated from the Danish, and applied to the Illustration\nof similar Remains in England, by WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of\nthe Camden and AElfric Societies. With numerous Illustrations. 8vo. 10s.\n6d.\n\nOXFORD PARISH BURIAL GROUND CHAPELS, the Working Drawings of. By H.J.\nUNDERWOOD, Esq., Architect. Folio. 15s.\n\nREMARKS ON ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER. By the Rev. JOHN LEWIS PETIT, M.A.\nWith 44 Etchings. Royal folio, cloth. 1l. 1s.\n\nA MANUAL FOR THE STUDY OF MONUMENTAL BRASSES, with a Descriptive\nCatalogue of Four Hundred and Fifty \"RUBBINGS,\" in the possession of the\nOxford Architectural Society. Topographical and Heraldic Indices, &c.\nWith numerous Illustrations. 8vo. 10s. 6d.\n\nA MANUAL FOR THE STUDY OF SEPULCHRAL SLABS AND CROSSES OF THE MIDDLE\nAGES. By the Rev. EDWARD L. CUTTS, B.A. 8vo. Illustrated by upwards of\n300 Engravings. 12s.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nOXFORD: JOHN HENRY PARKER; AND 377. STRAND, LONDON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New\nStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and\npublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.\nDunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet\nStreet aforesaid.--Saturday, March 16. 1850.","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 20, March 16, 1850","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":14153}