{"collection":"myth-cosmogony","full_text_available":true,"graph_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/api/page/gutenberg_20368/graph","html_url":"https://unchartedknowledge.5gfusion.net/v2/page/gutenberg_20368","id":"gutenberg_20368","license":"Public Domain (US)","rights_basis":"gutenberg_metadata_copyright_false","source":"gutenberg","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/20368","summary":null,"tags":["Category: Essays, Letters & Speeches","Category: History - Modern (1750+)","Category: Journalism/Media/Writing","Category: Mythology, Legends & Folklore","Notes and Queries","Questions and answers -- Periodicals"],"text":"Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins\nand the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at\nhttp://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images\ngenerously made available by The Internet Library of Early\nJournals.)\n\n\n\n\n\nTranscriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they\nare listed at the end of the text.\n\n{613}\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nA MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,\nGENEALOGISTS, ETC.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\"When found, make a note of.\"--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNo. 191.]\nSaturday, June 25, 1853.\n[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCONTENTS.\n\n  NOTES:--                                                   Page\n\n    Witchcraft in Somersetshire                               613\n\n   \"Emblemata Horatiana,\" by Weld Taylor                      614\n\n    Shakspeare Criticism, by Thomas Keightley                 615\n\n    Red Hair a Reproach, by T. Hughes                         616\n\n    Extracts from Newspapers, 1714, by E. G. Ballard          616\n\n    MINOR NOTES:--Last Suicide buried at a Cross Road.\n      --Andrew's Edition of Freund's Latin Lexicon--\n      Slang Expressions--\"Quem Deus vult perdere\"--\n      White Roses                                             617\n\n  QUERIES:--\n\n   \"Merk Lands\" and \"Ures:\" Norwegian Antiquities             618\n\n    The Leigh Peerage, and Stoneley Estates, Warwickshire     619\n\n    MINOR QUERIES:--Phillips Family--Engine-a-verge\n      --Garrick's Funeral Epigram--The Rosicrucians--\n      Passage in Schiller--Sir John Vanbrugh--Historical\n      Engraving--Hall-close, Silverstone, Northamptonshire\n      --Junius's Letters to Wilkes--The Reformer's\n      Elm--How to take Paint off old Oak                      619\n\n    MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Cadenus and Vanessa\n      --Boom--\"A Letter to a Member of Parliament\"\n      --Ancient Chessmen--Guthryisms                          620\n\n  REPLIES:--\n\n    Correspondence of Cranmer and Calvin, by Henry Walter     621\n\n   \"Populus vult decipi,\" by Robert Gibbings, &c.             621\n\n    Latin: Latiner                                            622\n\n    Jack                                                      622\n\n    Passage in St. James, by T. J. Buckton, &c.               623\n\n    Faithfull Teate                                           624\n\n    Parvise                                                   624\n\n    The Coenaculum of Lionardo da Vinci                       624\n\n    Font Inscriptions, by F. B. Relton, &c.                   625\n\n    Burn at Croydon                                           626\n\n    Christian Names, by William Bates, &c.                    626\n\n    Weather Rules                                             627\n\n    Rococo, by Henry H. Breen                                 627\n\n    Descendants of John of Gaunt, by J. S. Warden             628\n\n    The Order of St. John of Jerusalem                        628\n\n    REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Anticipatory Worship\n      of the Cross--Ennui--\"Qui facit per alium, facit per\n      se,\" &c.--Vincent Family--Judge Smith--\"Dimidiation\"\n      in Impalements--Worth--\"Elementa sex,\"\n      &c.--\"A Diasii 'Salve,'\" &c.--Meaning of \"Claret\"\n      --\"The Temple of Truth\"--Wellborne Family\n      --Devonianisms--Humbug--George Miller, D.D.\n      --\"A Letter to a Convocation Man\"--Sheriffs\n      of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire--Ferdinand\n      Mendez Pinto--\"Other-some\" and \"Unneath\"\n      --Willow Pattern--Cross and Pile--Old Fogie\n      --Another odd Mistake--Spontaneous Combustion\n      --Erroneous Forms of Speech--Ecclesia Anglicana--\n      Gloves at Fairs--The Sparrows at Lindholme, &c.         629\n\n  MISCELLANEOUS:--\n\n    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                              634\n\n    Notices to Correspondents                                 634\n\n    Advertisements                                            634\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotes.\n\nWITCHCRAFT IN SOMERSETSHIRE.\n\nPerhaps the following account of superstitions now entertained in some\nparts of Somersetshire, will be interesting to the inquirers into the\nhistory of witchcraft. I was lately informed by a member of my congregation\nthat two children living near his house were bewitched. I made inquiries\ninto the matter, and found that witchcraft is by far less uncommon than I\nhad imagined. I can hardly adduce the two children as an authenticated\ncase, because the medical gentleman who attended them pronounced their\nillness to be a kind of ague: but I leave the two following cases on record\nin \"N. & Q.\" as memorable instances of witchcraft in the nineteenth\ncentury.\n\nA cottager, who does not live five minutes' walk from my house, found his\npig seized with a strange and unaccountable disorder. He, being a sensible\nman, instead of asking the advice of a veterinary surgeon, immediately went\nto the white witch (a gentleman who drives a flourishing trade in this\nneighbourhood). He received his directions, and went home and implicitly\nfollowed them. In perfect silence, he went to the pigsty; and lancing each\nfoot and both ears of the pig, he allowed the blood to run into a piece of\ncommon dowlas. Then taking two large pins, he pierced the dowlas in\nopposite directions; and still keeping silence, entered his cottage, locked\nthe door, placed the bloody rag upon the fire, heaped up some turf over it,\nand reading a few verses of the Bible, waited till the dowlas was burned.\nAs soon as this was done, he returned to the pigsty; found his pig\nperfectly restored to health, and, _mirabile dictu!_ as the white witch had\npredicted, the old woman, who it was supposed had bewitched the pig, came\nto inquire after the pig's health. The animal never suffered a day's\nillness afterwards. My informant was the owner of the pig himself.\n\nPerhaps, when I heard this story, there may have been a lurking expression\nof doubt upon my face, so that my friend thought it necessary to give me\nfarther proof. Some time ago a lane in this town began to be looked upon\nwith a mysterious awe, for every evening a strange white rabbit {614} would\nappear in it, and, running up and down, would mysteriously disappear. Dogs\nwere frequently put on the scent, but all to no purpose, the white rabbit\ncould not be caught; and rumours soon began to assert pretty confidently,\nthat the white rabbit was nothing more nor less than a witch. The man whose\npig had been bewitched was all the more confident; as every evening when\nthe rabbit appeared, he had noticed the bed-room window of his old enemy's\nhouse open! At last a large party of bold-hearted men one evening were\nsuccessful enough to find the white rabbit in a garden, the only egress\nfrom which is through a narrow passage between two cottages, all the rest\nof the garden being securely surrounded by brick-walls. They placed a\nstrong guard in this entry to let nothing pass, while the remainder\nadvanced as skirmishers among the cabbages: one of these was successful,\nand caught the white rabbit by the ears, and, not without some trepidation,\ncarried it towards the reserve in the entry. But, as he came nearer to his\nfriends, his courage grew; and gradually all the wrongs his poor pig had\nsuffered, took form and vigour in a powerful kick at the poor little\nrabbit! No sooner had he done this than, he cannot tell how, the rabbit was\nout of his grasp; the people in the entry saw it come, but could not stop\nit; through them all it went, and has never been seen again. But now to the\nproof of the witchcraft. The old woman, whom all suspected, was laid up in\nher bed for three days afterwards, unable to walk about: all in consequence\nof the kick she had received in the shape of a white rabbit!\n\nS. A. S.\n\nBridgewater.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\"EMBLEMATA HORATIANA.\"\n\nWhatever may be proposed as to republishing works of English emblems, the\nwork published in Holland with the above title at all events deserves to be\nbetter known. All the English works on the subject I ever saw, are poor\nindeed compared with the above: indeed, I think most books of emblems are\neither grounded or compiled from this interesting work; which is to the\nartist a work of the deepest interest, since all the designs are by Otho\nVenius, the master of Rubens. Not only are the morals conveyed lofty and\nsound, but the figures are first-rate specimens of drawing. I believe it is\nthis work that Malone says Sir Joshua Reynolds learned to draw from: and if\nhe really did, he could have had nothing better, whatever age he might be.\n\"His principal fund of imitation,\" says Malone, \"was Jacob Cat's book of\nemblems, which his great-grandmother, by his father's side, who was a Dutch\nwoman, had brought with her from Holland.\" There is a small copy I think\npublished in England, but a very poor one: the original work, of which I\npossess a portion only, is large, and engraved with great care. And I have\noften thought it a pity such an admirable work should be so scarce and\nlittle known. Whoever did it, it must have occupied many years, in those\nslow days, to make the designs and engrave them. At the present day\nlithography, or some of the easy modes of engraving, would soon multiply\nit. The size of the engravings are rather more than seven inches. Many of\nthe figures have been used repeatedly by Rubens, and also some of the\ncompositions. And though he is certainly a better painter, he falls far\nshort in originality compared with his master; and, I may add, in richness\nof material. I should say his chief works are to be found in that book. One\nof my leaves is numbered 195: so I should judge the work to be very large,\nand to embrace a variety of subjects. Some of the figures are worthy of\nRaffaelle. I may instance one called the \"Balance of Friendship.\" Two young\nmen have a balance between them; one side is filled with feathers, and the\nother with weightier offerings: the meaning being, we should not allow\nfavours and gifts to come all from one side. The figures have their hands\njoined, and appear to be in argument: their ample drapery is worthy of a\nstudy for apostles.\n\n\"Undertake nothing beyond your Strength\" is emblemised by the giants\nscaling the heavens: one very fine figure, full of action, in the centre,\nis most admirably drawn.\n\n\"Education and Habit\" is another, full of meaning. Two dogs are running:\none after game, and another to a porringer. Some one has translated the\nverses at the bottom on the back of the print as follows. This has a fine\ngroup of figures in it:\n\n \"When taught by man, the hound pursues\n    The panting stag o'er hill and fell,\n  With steadfast eyes he keeps in view\n    The noble game he loves so well.\n  A mongrel coward slinks away,\n    The buck, the chase, ne'er warms his soul;\n  No huntsman's cheer can make him stay,\n    He runs to nothing, but his porridge bowl.\n\n  Throughout the race of men, 'tis still the same,\n  And all pursue a different kind of game.\n  Taverns and wine will form the tastes of some,\n  Others success in maids or wives undone.\n  To solid good, the wise pursues his way;\n  Nor for low pleasure ever deigns to stay.\n  Though in thy chamber all the live-long day,\n  In studious mood, you pass the hours away;\n  Or though you pace the noisy streets alone,\n  And silent watch day's burning orb go down;\n  _Nature_ to thee displays her honest page:\n  Read there--and see the follies of an age.\"\n\nThe taste for emblemata appears to have passed by, but a good selection\nwould be I think received with favour; particularly if access could be\nobtained to a good collection. And I should like to {615} see any addition\nto the REV. J. CORSER's list in the Number of the 14th of May.\n\nWELD TAYLOR.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSHAKSPEARE CRITICISM.\n\nWhen I entered on the game of criticism in \"N. & Q.,\" I deemed that it was\nto be played with good humour, in the spirit of courtesy and urbanity, and\nthat, consequently, though there might be much worthless criticism and\nconjecture, the result would on the whole be profitable. Finding that such\nis not to be the case, I retire from the field, and will trouble \"N. & Q.\"\nwith no more of my lucubrations.\n\nI have been led to this resolution by the language employed by MR.\nARROWSMITH in No. 189., where, with little modesty, and less courtesy, he\nstyles the commentators on Shakspeare--naming in particular, KNIGHT,\nCOLLIER, and DYCE, and including SINGER and all of the present\nday--_criticasters_ who \"stumble and bungle in sentences of that simplicity\nand grammatical clearness as not to tax the powers of a third-form\nschoolboy to explain.\" In order to bring _me_ \"within his danger,\" he\nactually transposes two lines of Shakspeare; and so, to the unwary, makes\nme appear to be a very shallow person indeed.\n\n    \"It was gravely,\" says Mr. A., \"almost magisterially, proposed by one\n    of the disputants [MR. SINGER] to corrupt the concluding lines by\n    altering _their_ the pronoun into _there_ the adverb, because (shade of\n    Murray!) the commentator could not discover of what noun _their_ could\n    possibly be the pronoun, in these lines following:\n\n     'When great things labouring perish in their birth,\n      Their form confounded makes most form in mirth;'\n\n    and it was left to MR. KEIGHTLEY to bless the world with the\n    information that it was _things_.\"\n\nIn all the modern editions that I have been able to consult, these lines\nare thus printed and punctuated:\n\n \"Their form confounded makes most form in mirth;\n  When great things labouring perish in the birth:\"\n\nand _their_ is referred to _contents_. I certainly seem to have been the\nfirst to refer it to _things_.\n\nAllow me, as it is my last, to give once more the whole passage as it is in\nthe folios, unaltered by MR. COLLIER's Magnus Apollo, and with my own\npunctuation:\n\n \"That sport best pleases, that doth least know how,\n  Where zeal strives to content, and the contents\n  Dyes in the zeal of that which it presents.\n  Their form confounded makes most form in mirth,\n  When great things labouring perish in the birth.\"\n                  _Love's Labour's Lost_, Act V. Sc. 2.\n\nMy interpretation, it will be seen, beside referring _their_ to _things_,\nmakes _dyes in_ signify _tinges_, _imbues with_; of which use of the\nexpression I now offer the following instances:\n\n \"And the grey ocean _into purple dye_.\"\n                  _Faery Queene_, ii. 10. 48.\n\n \"Are deck'd with blossoms _dyed in white and red_.\"\n                  _Ib._., ii. 12. 12.\n\n \"_Dyed in_ the dying _slaughter_ of their foes.\"\n                  _King John_, Act II. Sc. 2.\n\n \"And it was _dyed in mummy_.\"\n                  _Othello_, Act III. Sc. 4.\n\n \"O truant Muse! what shall be thy amends\n  For thy neglect of truth _in beauty dyed_?\"\n                  Sonn. 101.\n\nFor the use of this figure I may quote from the Shakspeare of France:\n\n \"Mais pour moi, qui, cache sous une autre aventure,\n  D'une ame plus commune ai pris quelque _teinture_.\"\n                  _Heraclius_, Act III. Sc. 1.\n\n    \"The house ought to _dye_ all the surrounding country with a strength\n    of colouring, and to an extent proportioned to its own\n    importance.\"--_Life of Wordsworth_, i. 355.\n\nAnother place on which I had offered a conjecture, and which MR. A. takes\nunder his patronage, is \"Clamor your tongues\" (_Winter's Tale_, Act IV. Sc.\n4.) and in proof of _clamor_ being the right word, he quotes passages from\na book printed in 1542, in which are _chaumbreed_ and _chaumbre_, in the\nsense of restraining. I see little resemblance here to _clamor_, and he\ndoes not say that he would substitute _chaumbre_. He says, \"Most\njudiciously does Nares reject Gifford's corruption of this word into\n_charm_ [it was Grey not Gifford]; nor will the suffrage of the 'clever'\nold commentator,\" &c. It is very curious, only that we _criticasters_ are\nso apt to overrun our game, that the only place where \"charm your tongue\"\nreally occurs, seems to have escaped MR. COLLIER. In _Othello_, Act V. Sc.\n2., Iago says to his wife, \"Go to, charm your tongue;\" and she replies, \"I\nwill not charm my tongue.\" My conjecture was that _clamor_ was _clam_, or,\nas it was usually spelt, _clem_, to press or restrain; and to this I still\nadhere.\n\n                 \"When my entrails\n  Were _clemmed_ with keeping a perpetual fast.\"\n                  Massinger, _Rom. Actor._, Act II. Sc. 1.\n\n    \"I cannot eat stones and turfs: say, what will he _clem_ me and my\n    followers?\"--Jonson, _Poetaster_, Act I. Sc. 2.\n\n    \"Hard is the choice when the valiant must eat their arms or _clem_.\"\n    Id., _Every Man Out of his Humour_ Act III. Sc. 6.\n\nIn these places of Jonson, _clem_ is usually rendered _starve_; but it\nappears to me, from the kindred of the term, that it is used elliptically.\nPerhaps, instead of \"Till famine _cling_ thee\" (_Macbeth_, Act V. Sc. 5.),\nShakspeare wrote \"Till {616} famine _clem_ thee.\" While in the region of\nconjecture, I will add that _coasting_, in _Troilus and Cressida_ (Act IV.\nSc. 5.), is, in my opinion, simply accosting, lopped in the usual way by\naphaeresis; and that \"the still-peering air\" in _All's Well that Ends Well_\n(Act III. Sc. 2.), is, by the same figure, \"the still-appearing air,\"\n_i. e._ the air that appears still and silent, but that yet \"_sings_ with\npiercing.\"\n\nOne conjecture more, and I have done. I do not like altering the text\nwithout absolute necessity; but there was always a puzzle to me in this\npassage:\n\n                 \"Where I find him, were it\n  At home, upon my brother's guard, even there,\n  Against the hospitable canon, would I\n  Wash my fierce hand in 's blood.\"\n                  _Coriol._, Act I. Sc. 10.\n\nWhy should Aufidius speak thus of a brother who is not mentioned anywhere\nelse in the play or in Plutarch? It struck me one day that Shakspeare\n_might_ have written, \"Upon my household hearth;\" and on looking into\nNorth's _Plutarch_, I found that when Coriolanus went to the house of\nAufidius, \"he got him up straight to _the chimney-hearth_, and sate him\ndowne.\" The poet who adhered so faithfully to his _Plutarch_ may have\nwished to preserve this image, and, _chimney_ not being a very poetic word,\nmay have substituted _household_, or some equivalent term. Again I say this\nis all but conjecture.\n\nTHOMAS KEIGHTLEY.\n\nP.S.--It is really very annoying to have to reply to unhandsome and unjust\naccusations. The REV. MR. ARROWSMITH first transposes two lines of\nShakspeare, and then, by notes of admiration, holds me up as a mere\nsimpleton; and then A. E. B. charges me with having pirated from him my\nexplanation of a passage in _Love's Labour's Lost_, Act V. Sc. 2. Let any\none compare his (in \"N. & Q.,\" Vol. vi., p. 297.) with mine (Vol. vii., p.\n136.), and he will see the utter falseness of the assertion. _He_ makes\n_contents_ the nom. to _dies_, taken in its ordinary sense (rather an\nunusual concord). _I_ take _dyes_ in the sense of tinges, imbues with, and\nmake it governed of _zeal_. But perhaps it is to the full-stop at\n_presents_ that the \"that's my thunder!\" applies. I answer, that that was a\nnecessary consequence of the sense in which I had taken _dies_, and that\n_their_ must then refer to _things_ maugre MR. ARROWSMITH. And when he says\nthat I \"do him the honour of requoting the line with which he had supported\nit,\" I merely observe that it is the line immediately following, and that I\nhave eyes and senses as well as A. E. B.\n\nA. E. B. deceives himself, if he thinks that literary fame is to be\nacquired in this way. I do not much approve either of the manner in which,\nat least to my apprehension, in his opening paragraph, he seems to\ninsinuate a charge of forgery against MR. COLLIER. Finally, I can tell him\nthat he need not crow and clap his wings so much at his emendation of the\npassage in _Lear_, for, if I mistake not, few indeed will receive it. It\nmay be nuts to him and MR. ARROWSMITH to know that they have succeeded in\ndriving my name out of the \"N. & Q.\"\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nRED HAIR A REPROACH.\n\nI do not know the why or the wherefore, but in every part of England I have\nvisited, there appears to be a deep-rooted prejudice in the eyes of the\nmillion against people with red hair. Tradition, whether truly or not must\nremain a mystery, assigns to Absalom's hair a reddish tinge; and Judas, the\ntraitorous disciple, is ever painted with locks of the same unhappy colour.\nShakspeare, too, seems to have been embued with the like morbid feeling of\ndistrust for those on whose hapless heads the invidious mark appeared. In\nhis play of _As You Like It_, he makes Rosalind (who is pettishly\ncomplaining of her lover's tardiness coming to her) say to Celia:\n\n \"_Ros._ His very hair is of the dissembling colour.\n  _Celia._ Something browner than Judas'.\"\n\nIt will be apparent from this quotation, that in England, at any rate, the\nprejudice spoken of is not of very recent development; and that it has not\nyet vanished before the intellectual progress of our race, will, I think,\nbe painfully evident to many a bearer of this unenviable distinction. It\nseems to be generally supposed, by those who harbour the doctrine, that\nred-headed people are dissemblers, deceitful, and, in fact, not to be\ntrusted like others whose hair is of a different colour; and I may add,\nthat I myself know persons who, on that account alone, never admit into\ntheir service any whose hair is thus objectionable. In Wales, _pen coch_\n(red head) is a term of reproach universally applied to all who come under\nthe category; and if such a wight should by any chance involve himself in a\nscrape, it is the signal at once for a regular tirade against all who have\nthe misfortune to possess hair of the same fiery colour.\n\nI cannot bring myself to believe that there is any really valid foundation\nfor this prejudice; and certainly, if not, it were indeed a pity that the\nsuperstitious feeling thus engendered is not at once and for ever banished\nfrom the memory.\n\nT. HUGHES.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nEXTRACTS FROM NEWSPAPERS, 1714.\n\n_Daily Courant_, Jan. 9, 1714:\n\n    \"Rome, Dec. 16.--The famous painter, Carlo Maratta, died some days ago,\n    in the ninetieth year of his age.\"\n\n_The Post Boy_, Jan. 12-14, 1714.--_Old MSS. relating to Winchester._--In\nthe _Post Boy_, Jan. {617} 12-14, 1714, appears the following curious\nadvertisement:\n\n    \"_Winchester Antiquities_, written by Mr. Trussell, Dr. Bettes, and Mr.\n    Butler of St. Edmund's Bury, in one of which manuscripts is the\n    _Original of Cities_; which manuscripts were never published. If the\n    person who hath either of them, and will communicate, or permit the\n    same to be copied or perused, he is earnestly desired to give notice\n    thereof to Mr. Mathew Imber, one of the aldermen of the city of\n    Winchester, in the county of Southampton, who is compleating the idea\n    or description of the ancient and present state of that ancient city,\n    to be speedily printed; together with a faithful collection of all the\n    memorable and useful things relating to the same city.\"\n\nGough, in his _Topography_, vol. i. p. 387., thus notices these MSS.:\n\n    \"Wood says (_Ath. Ox._, vol. i. p. 448.) that Trussell the historian,\n    who was alderman of Winchester, continued to Bishop Curll's time, 1632,\n    an old MS. history of the see and bishops in the Cathedral library. He\n    also wrote _A Description of the City of Winchester; with an Historical\n    Relation of divers memorable Occurrences touching the same_, and\n    prefixed to it _A Preamble of the Original of Cities in general_. In a\n    catalogue of the famous Robert Smith's books, sold by auction, 1682,\n    No. 24. among the MSS. has this identical title, by J. Trussell, fol.,\n    and was purchased for twelve shillings by a Mr. Rothwell, a frequent\n    purchaser at this sale. The _Description_, &c., written by Trussell\n    about 1620, is now in the hands of John Duthy, Esq.; and from it large\n    extracts were made in _The History and Antiquities of Winchester_,\n    1773. Bishop Nicolson guesses that it was too voluminous, and Bishop\n    Kennett that it was too imperfect to be published.\n\n    \"The former mentions something on the same subject by Dr. Bettes, whose\n    book is still in MS.\n\n    \"Dr. Butler, of St. Edmund's Bury, made observations on the ancient\n    monuments of this city under the Romans.\"\n\nE. G. BALLARD.\n\n    [Trussell's MSS. are now in the library of Sir Thomas Phillipps.--ED.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Notes.\n\n_Last Suicide buried at a Cross Road._--I have reason to believe that the\n_last_ person subjected to this barbarous ceremony was the wretched\nparricide and suicide Griffiths, who was buried at the cross road formed by\nEaton Street, Grosvenor Place, and the King's Road, as late as June, 1823.\nI subjoin the following account from the _Chronicle_:\n\n    \"The extreme privacy which the officers observed, as to the hour and\n    place of interment, increased in a great degree the anxiety of those\n    that were waiting, and it being suspected that the body would have been\n    privately carried away, through the back part of the workhouse (St.\n    George's) into Farm Street Mews, and from thence to its final\n    destination, different parties stationed themselves at the several\n    passages through which it must unavoidably pass, in order to prevent\n    disappointment. All anxiety however, on this account, was ultimately\n    removed, by preparations being made for the removal of the body through\n    the principal entry of the workhouse leading into Mount Street, and\n    about half-past one o'clock the body was brought out in a shell\n    supported on the shoulders of four men, and followed by a party of\n    constables and watchmen. The solitary procession, which increased in\n    numbers as it went along, proceeded up Mount Street, down South Audley\n    Street into Stanhope Street, from thence into Park Lane through Hyde\n    Park Corner, and along Grosvenor Place, until its final arrival at the\n    cross road formed by Eaton Street, Grosvenor Place, and the King's\n    Road. When the procession arrived at the grave, which had been\n    previously dug, the constables arranged themselves around it to keep\n    the crowd off, upon which the shell was laid on the ground, and the\n    body of the unfortunate deceased taken out. It had on a winding-sheet,\n    drawers, and stockings, and a quantity of blood was clotted about the\n    head, and the lining of the shell entirely stained. The body was then\n    wrapped in a piece of Russia matting, tied round with some cord, and\n    then instantly dropped into the hole, which was about five feet in\n    depth: it was then immediately filled up, and it was gratifying to see\n    that that disgusting part of the ceremony of throwing lime over the\n    body, and driving a stake through it, was on this occasion dispensed\n    with. The surrounding spectators, consisting of about two hundred\n    persons, amongst whom were several persons of respectable appearance,\n    were much disgusted at this horrid ceremony.\"\n\nImagine such scene in the \"centre of civilisation\" only thirty years ago!\n\nVINCENT T. STERNBERG.\n\n_Andrew's Edition of Freund's Latin Lexicon._--A singular plan seems to\nhave been pursued in this valuable lexicon in one point. Wherever the\nmeaning of a word in a certain passage is disputed, all reference to that\nplace is omitted! Here are a few examples of this \"dodge\" from one book,\nHorace:\n\n  _Subjectus._ Car. 1. 12. 55.\n  _Divido._ 1. 15. 15.\n  _Incola._ 1. 16. 5. _Vertex._ 3. 24. 6.\n  _Pars._ 2. 17. 18. _Tormentum._ 3. 21. 13.\n  _Laudo._ Ep. 11. 19.\n  _Offendo._ Ep. 15. 15.\n  _Octonus._ S. 1. 6. 75.\n  _AEra._ Ib.\n  _Duplex._ S. 2. 4. 63.\n  _Vulpecula._ Epist. 1. 7. 29.\n  _Proprius._ A. P. 128., &c.\n\nA. A. D.\n\n_Slang Expressions._--It would be curious to investigate farther how some\nodd forms of expression of this kind have crept into, if not the English\nlanguage, at least into every-day parlance; and by _what classes of men_\nthey have been introduced. I do not of course mean the vile _argot_, or St.\nGiles' {618} Greek, prevalent among housebreakers and pick-pockets; though\na great deal of that is traceable to the Rommany or gipsy language, and\nother sufficiently odd sources: but I allude more particularly to phrases\nused by even educated men--such as \"a regular mull,\" \"bosh,\" \"just the\ncheese,\" &c. The first has already been proved an importation from our\nAnglo-Indian friends in the pages of \"N. & Q.\"; and I have been informed\nthat the other two are also exotics from the land of the Qui-Hies. _Bosh_,\nused by us in the sense of \"nonsense,\" \"rubbish,\" is a Persian word,\nmeaning \"dirt\" and _cheese_, a corruption of a Hindostani word denoting\n\"thing:\" which is exactly the sense of the expression I have quoted. \"Just\nthe cheese,\" \"quite the cheese,\" _i. e._ just the thing I require, quite\n_comme il faut_, &c.\n\nProbably some of your correspondents could furnish other examples.\n\nE. S. TAYLOR.\n\n\"_Quem Deus vult perdere._\"--In Croker's _Johnson_, vol. v. p. 60., the\nphrase, \"Quem Deus vult perdere, prius dementat,\" is stated to be from a\nGreek _iambic_ of Euripides:\n\n \"[Greek: Hon theos thelei apolesai prot' apophrenai].\"\n\nThis statement is made first by Mr. John Pitts, late Rector of Great\nBrickhill, Bucks[1], to Mr. Richard How of Aspley, Beds, and is taken for\ngranted successively by Boswell, Malone, and Croker. But no such Greek is,\nin fact, to be found in Euripides; the words conveying a like sentiment\nare,--\n\n \"[Greek: Hotan de Daimon andri porsunei kaka],\n  [Greek: Ton noun eblapse proton].\"\n\nThe cause of this classical blunder of so many eminent annotators is, that\nthese words are not to be found in the usual college and school editions of\nEuripides. The edition from which the above correct extract is made is in\nten volumes, published at Padua in 1743-53, with an Italian translation in\nverse by P. Carmeli, and is to be found in vol. x. p. 268. as the 436-7th\nverses of the _Tragedie incerte_, the meaning of which he thus gives in\nprose \"Quando vogliono gli Dei far perire alcuno, gli toglie la mente.\"\n\nT.J. BUCKTON.\n\nLichfield.\n\nP.S.--In Croker's _Johnson_, vol. iv. p. 170., the phrase \"_Omnia_ mea\nmecum porto\" is incorrectly quoted from _Val. Max._ vii. 2., instead of\n\"_Bona_ mea mecum porto.\"\n\n[Footnote 1: This gentleman is wrong in saying _demento_ is of no\nauthority, as it is found in Lactantius. (See Facciolati.)]\n\n_White Roses._--The paragraph quoted from \"an old newspaper,\" dated\nSaturday, June 15th, 1723, alludes to the commemoration of the birthday of\nKing James VIII. (the 10th of June), which was the Monday mentioned as that\nbefore the Saturday on which the newspaper was published. All faithful\nadherents of the House of Stuart showed their loyalty by wearing the white\nrose (its distinguishing badge) on the 10th of June, when no other way was\nleft them of declaring their devotion to the exiled family; and, from my\nown knowledge, I can affirm that there still exist some people who would\nthink that day desecrated unless they wore a white rose, or, when that is\nnot to be procured, a cockade of white ribbon, in token of their veneration\nfor the memory of him of whose birth it is the anniversary.\n\nL. M. M. R.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nQueries.\n\n\"MERK LANDS\" AND \"URES.\"--NORWEGIAN ANTIQUITIES.\n\nIn Shetland, at the present day, all public assessments are levied, and\ndivisions made, according to the number of merk lands in a parish. All\narable lands were anciently, under the Norwegian law, rated as _merks_,--a\nmerk containing eight _ures_. These merks are quite indefinite as to\nextent. It is, indeed, clear that the ancient denomination of _merk land_\nhad not reference to superficial extent of surface, but was a denomination\nof value alone, in which was included the proportion of the surrounding\ncommonty or _scattald_. Merk lands are of different values, as sixpenny,\nninepenny, twelvepenny,--a twelvepenny merk having, formerly at least, been\nconsidered equal to two sixpenny merks; and in some old deeds lands are\ndescribed as thirty merks sixpenny, otherwise fifteen merks twelvepenny\nland. All assessments have, however, for a very long period, been levied\nand all privileges apportioned, according to merks, without relation to\nwhether they were sixpenny or twelvepenny. The ancient rentals of Shetland\ncontain about fourteen thousand merks of land; and it will be noticed that,\nhowever much the ancient inclosed land be increased by additional\nimprovements, the number of merks ought to be, and are, stationary. The\nvalued rent, divided according the merk lands, would make a merk land in\nShetland equal to 2l. Scots of valued rent. There are only one or two\nplaces of Scotland proper where merks are in use,--Stirling and\nDunfermline, I think. As these two places were the occasional residences of\nour ancient Scottish kings, it is possible this plan of estimating land may\nhave obtained there, to equalise and make better understood some\narrangements relating to land entered into between the kings of Norway and\nScotland. Possibly some of the correspondents of \"N. & Q.\" in the north may\nbe able to throw some light on this subject. It was stated some time ago\nthat Dr. Munch, Professor in the University of Christiana, had presented to\nthe Society of Northern Archaeology, in {619} Copenhagen, a very curious\nmanuscript which he had discovered and purchased during a voyage to the\nOrkneys and Shetland in 1850. The manuscript is said to be in good\npreservation, and the form of the characters assigns the tenth, or perhaps\nthe ninth century as its date. It is said to contain, in the Latin tongue,\nseveral episodes of Norwegian history, relating to important facts hitherto\nunknown, and which throw much light on feudal tenures, holdings,\nsuperstitions, omens, &c., which have been handed down to our day, with\ntheir origin involved in obscurity, and on the darkness of the centuries\nthat preceded the introduction of Christianity into Norway. Has this\nmanuscript ever been printed?\n\nKIRKWALLENSIS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE LEIGH PEERAGE, AND STONELEY ESTATES, WARWICKSHIRE.\n\nThe fifth Lord Leigh left his estates to his sister, the Hon. Mary Leigh,\nfor her life, and at her decease without issue to \"the first and nearest of\nhis kindred, being male, and of his name and blood,\" &c. On the death of\nMrs. Mary Leigh in 1806, the estates were taken possession of by her very\ndistant kinsman, the Rev. Thomas Leigh. The first person to dispute his\nright to them was Mr. George Smith Leigh, who claimed them as being\ndescended from a _daughter_ of Sir Thomas Leigh, son of the first Baron\nLeigh. His claim was not allowed, because he had the name of Leigh only _by\nroyal license, and not by inheritance_. Subsequently, the Barony of Leigh\nwas claimed by another Mr. George Leigh, of Lancashire, as descended from a\nson of the Hon. Christopher Leigh (fourth son of the aforesaid Sir Thomas\nLeigh), by his second wife. His claim was disallowed when heard by a\ncommittee of the House of Lords in 1828, because he could not prove the\nsecond marriage of Christopher Leigh, nor the birth of any son by such\nmarriage.\n\nBeing about to print a genealogy of the Leigh family, I should be under an\nobligation to any one who will, without delay furnish me with--\n\n1st. The descent, with dates, of the aforesaid Mr. George _Smith_ Leigh\nfrom Sir Thomas Leigh.\n\n2nd. The wife, and descendants to the present time, of the aforesaid Mr.\nGeorge Leigh.\n\nIn return for this information I shall be happy to send my informant a copy\nof the genealogy when it is printed. I give you my name and address.\n\nJ. M. G.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries.\n\n_Phillips Family._--Is there a family of Phillips now bearing the ancient\narms of William Phillips, Lord Bardolph: viz. Quarterly, gu. and az., in\nthe chief dexter quarter an eagle displayed or.\n\nH. G. S.\n\n_Engine-a-verge._--What is the _engine-a-verge_, mentioned by P. Daniel in\nhis _Hist. de la Milice Franc._, and what the origin of the name?\n\nCAPE.\n\n_Garrick's Funeral Epigram._--Who is the author of these verses?\n\n \"Through weeping London's crowded streets,\n    As Garrick's funeral pass'd,\n  Contending wits and poets strove\n    Which should desert him last.\n\n \"Not so this world behaved to Him\n    Who came this world to save;\n  By solitary Joseph borne\n    Unheeded to the grave.\"\n\nK. N.\n\n_The Rosicrucians._--I should be extremely glad of a little information\nrespecting \"the Brethren of the Rosy Cross.\" Was there ever a regular\nfraternity of philosophers bearing this appellation; or was it given merely\nas a title to all students in alchemy?\n\nI should wish to obtain a list of works which might contain a record of\ntheir studies and discoveries. I subjoin the few in my own library, which I\nimagine to belong to this class.\n\n    Albertus Magnus de Animalibus, libr. xxvi. fol. Venet. 1495.\n\n    Albertus Magnus de Secretis Mulierum, de Virtutibus Herbarum, Lapidum\n    at Animalium.\n\n    Albertus Magnus de Miribilibus Mundi, item.\n\n    Michael Scotus de Secretis Naturae, 12mo., Lugd. 1584.\n\n    Henr. Corn. Agrippa on the Vanitie of Sciences, 4to., London, 1575.\n\n    Joann. Baptist. Van Helmont, Opera Omnina, 4to., Francofurti, 1682.\n\n    Dr. Charleton, Ternary of Paradoxes, London, 1650.\n\nPerhaps some of your correspondents will kindly furnish me with notices of\nother works by these writers, and by others who have written on similar\nsubjects, as Paracelsus, &c.\n\nE. S. TAYLOR.\n\n_Passage in Schiller._--In the _Memoirs of a Stomach_, lately published,\nthe editor asks a question of you: \"Is it Schiller who says, 'The\nmetaphysical part of love commences with the first sigh, and terminates\nwith the first kiss'?\" I pray you look to the merry and witty and learned\nlittle book, and respond to his Query.\n\nAMICUS.\n\n_Sir John Vanbrugh._--This eminent architect and poet of the last century\nis stated by his biographers to have been \"born in Cheshire.\" Can anybody\nfurnish me with the place and date of his birth?\n\nT. HUGHES.\n\nChester.\n\n_Historical Engraving._--I have an ancient engraving, size 143/4 in. wide and\n113/4 in. high, without title or engraver's name, which I should be {620}\nglad to authenticate. It appears to represent Charles II. at the Hague in\n1660.\n\nThe foreground is occupied by groups of figures in the costume of the\nperiod. In the distance is seen a street in perspective, down which the\nroyal carriage is proceeding, drawn by six horses. On one side is a row of\nhorses, on the other an avenue of trees. To the right of this is a canal,\non the bank of which a battery of seven guns is firing a salute. The\nopposite bank is occupied by public buildings.\n\nIn the air a figure of Fame holds a shield charged with the royal arms of\nEngland, surrounded by a garter, without the motto. Five cherubs in various\npositions are dispersed around, holding respectively a globe, a laurel\ncrown, palm branches, &c., and a crowned shield bearing a lion rampant, and\na second with a stork, whose beak holds a serpent.\n\nA portion of the zodiacal circle, containing Libra, Scorpio, and\nSagittarius, marks, I suppose, the month in which the event took place.\n\nE. S. TAYLOR.\n\n_Hall-close, Silverstone, Northamptonshire._--Adjoining the church-yard is\na greensward field called \"Hall-close,\" which is more likely to be the site\nof the mansion visited by the early kings of England, when hunting in\nWhittlebury Forest, than the one mentioned by Bridles in his History of the\ncounty. About 1798, whilst digging here, a fire-place containing ashes was\ndiscovered; also many large wrought freestones.\n\nThe well, close by, still retains the name of Hall-well; and there are\nother things in the immediate vicinity which favour the supposition; but\ncan an extract from an old MS., as a will, deed, indenture, &c., be\nsupplied to confirm it?\n\nH. T. WAKE.\n\nStepney.\n\n_Junius's Letters to Wilkes._--Where are the original letters addressed by\nJunius to Mr. Wilkes? The editor of the _Grenville Papers_ says, \"It is\nuncertain in whose custody the letters now remain, many unsuccessful\nattempts having been _recently_ made to ascertain the place of their\ndeposit.\"\n\nD. G.\n\n_The Reformer's Elm._--What was the origin of the name of \"The Reformer's\nElm?\" Where and what was it?\n\nC. M. T.\n\nOare.\n\n_How to take Paint off old Oak._--Can any of your correspondents inform me\nof some way to take paint off old oak?\n\nF. M. MIDDLETON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMinor Queries with Answers.\n\n_Cadenus and Vanessa._--What author is referred to in the lines in Swift's\n\"Cadenus and Vanessa,\"--\n\n \"He proves as sure as GOD's in Gloster,\n  That Moses was a grand impostor;\n  That all his miracles were tricks,\" &c.?\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n    [These lines occur in the Dean's verses \"On the Death of Dr. Swift,\"\n    and refer to Thomas Woolston, the celebrated heterodox divine, who, as\n    stated in a note quoted in Scott's edition, \"for want of bread hath, in\n    several treatises, in the most blasphemous manner, attempted to turn\n    our Saviour's miracles in ridicule.\"]\n\n_Boom._--Is there an English verb active _to boom_, and what is the precise\nmeaning of it? Sir Walter Scott uses the participle:\n\n \"The bittern _booming_ from the sedgy shallow.\"\n                  _Lady of the Lake_, canto i. 31.\n\nVOGEL.\n\n    [Richardson defines BOOM, v., applied as _bumble_ by Chaucer, and\n    _bump_ by Dryden, to the noise of the bittern, and quotes from Cotton's\n    _Night's Quatrains_,--\n\n     \"Philomel chants it whilst it bleeds,\n      The bittern _booms_ it in the reeds,\" &c.]\n\n\"_A Letter to a Member of Parliament._\"--Who was the author of _A Letter to\na Member of Parliament_, occasioned by _A Letter to a Convocation Man_: W.\nRogers, London, 1697?\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n    [Attributed to Mr. Wright, a gentleman of the Bar, who maintains the\n    same opinions with Dr. Wake.]\n\n_Ancient Chessmen._--I should be glad to learn, through the medium of \"N. &\nQ.,\" some particulars relative to the sixty-four chessmen and fourteen\ndraughtsmen, made of walrus tusk, found in the Isle of Lewis in Scotland,\nand now in case 94. Mediaeval Collection of the British Museum?\n\nHORNOWAY.\n\n    [See _Archaeologia_, vol. xxiv. p. 203., for a valuable article,\n    entitled \"Historical Remarks on the introduction of the Game of Chess\n    into Europe, and on the ancient Chessmen discovered in the Isle of\n    Lewis, by Frederick Madden, Esq., F.R.S., in a Letter addressed to\n    Henry Ellis, Esq., F.R.S., Secretary.\"]\n\n_Guthryisms._--In a work entitled _Select Trials at the Old Bailey_ is an\naccount of the trial and execution of Robert Hallam, for murder, in the\nyear 1731. Narrating the execution of the criminal, and mentioning some\npapers which he had prepared, the writer says: \"We will not tire the\nreader's patience with transcribing these prayers, in which we can see\nnothing more than commonplace phrases and unmeaning _Guthryisms_.\" What\n{621} is the meaning of this last word, and to whom does it refer?\n\nS. S. S.\n\n    [James Guthrie was chaplain of Newgate in 1731; and the phrase\n    _Guthryisms_, we conjecture, agrees in common parlance with a later\n    saying, that of \"stuffing _Cotton_ in the prisoner's ears.\"]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies.\n\nCORRESPONDENCE OF CRANMER AND CALVIN.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 501.)\n\nThe question put by C. D., respecting the existence of letters said to have\npassed between Archbishop Cranmer and Calvin, and to exist in print at\nGeneva, upon the seeming sanction given by our liturgy to the belief that\nbaptism confers regeneration, is a revival of an inquiry made by several\npersons about ten years ago. It then induced M. Merle d'Aubigne to make the\nsearch of which C. D. has heard; and the result of that search was given in\na communication from the Protestant historian to the editor of the\n_Record_, bearing date April 22, 1843.\n\nI have that communication before me, as a cutting from the _Record_; but\nhave not preserved the date of the number in which it appeared[2], though\nlikely to be soon after its receipt by the editor. Merle d'Aubigne says, in\nhis letter, that both the printed and manuscript correspondence of Calvin,\nin the public library of Geneva, had been examined in vain by himself, and\nby Professor Diodati the librarian, for any such topic; but he declares\nhimself disposed to believe that the assertion, respecting which C. D.\ninquires, arose from the following passage in a letter from Calvin to the\nEnglish primate:\n\n    \"Sic correctae sunt externae superstitiones, ut residui maneant innumeri\n    surculi, qui assidue pullulent. _Imo ex corruptelis papatus audio\n    relictum esse congeriem, quae non obscuret modo, sed propemodum obruat\n    purum et genuinum Dei cultum_.\"\n\nPart of this letter, but with important omissions, had been published by\nDean Jenkyns in 1833. (_Cranmer's Remains_, vol. i. p. 347.) M. d'Aubigne's\ncommunication gave the whole of it; and it ought to have appeared in the\nParker Society volume of original letters relative to the English\nReformation. That volume contains one of Calvin's letters to the Protector\nSomerset; but omits another, of which Merle d'Aubigne's communication\nsupplied a portion, containing this important sentence:\n\n    \"Quod ad formulam precum et rituum ecclesiasticorum, _valde probo ut\n    certa illa extet, a qua pastoribus discedere in functione sua non\n    liceat_, tam ut consulatur quorumdam simplicitati et imperitiae, quam ut\n    certius ita constet omnium inter se ecclesiarum consensus.\"\n\nAnother portion of a letter from Calvin, communicated by D'Aubigne, is\nheaded in the _Record_ \"Cnoxo et gregalibus, S. D.;\" but seems to be the\none cited in the Parker Society, vol. ii. of _Letters_, pp. 755-6, notes\n941, as a letter to Richard Cox and others; so that _Cnoxo_ should have\nbeen Coxo.\n\nThe same valuable communication farther contained the letter of Cranmer\ninviting Calvin to unite with Melancthon and Bullinger in forming\narrangements for holding a Protestant synod in some safe place; meaning in\nEngland, as he states more expressly to Melancthon. This letter, however,\nhad been printed entire by Dean Jenkyns, vol. i. p. 346.; and it is given,\nwith an English translation, in the Parker Society edition of _Cranmer's\nWorks_ as Letter CCXCVII., p. 431. It is important, as proving that Heylyn\nstated what was untrue, _Eccles. Restaur._, p. 65.; where he has said,\n\"Calvin had offered his assistance to Archbishop Cranmer. But the\narchbishop knew the man, and refused his offer.\" Instead of such an offer,\nCalvin replied courteously and affectionately to Cranmer's invitation; but\nsays, \"Tenuitatem meam facturam spero, ut mihi parcatur ... Mihi utinam par\nstudii ardori suppeteret facultas.\" This reply, the longest letter in their\ncorrespondence, is printed in the note attached to Cranmer's letter (Park.\nSoc., as above, p. 432.; and a translation of it in Park. Soc. _Original\nLetters_, vol. ii. p. 711.: and there are extracts from it in Jenkyns, p.\n346., n.p.). D'Aubigne gave it entire; but has placed both Calvin's letters\nto the archbishop before the latter's epistle to him, to which they both\nrefer.\n\nHENRY WALTER.\n\n[Footnote 2: It appeared in the No. for May 15, 1849.--ED.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\n\"POPULUS VULT DECIPI.\"\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 572.)\n\nIf MR. TEMPLE will turn to p. 141. of Mathias Prideaux's _Easy and\nCompendious Introduction for reading all Sorts of Histories_, 6th edit.,\nOxford, 1682, small 4to., he will find his Query thus answered:\n\n    \"It was this Pope's [Paul IV.] Legate, _Cardinal Carafa_, that gave\n    this blessing to the devout Parisians, _Quandoquidem populus decipi\n    vult, decipiatur_. Inasmuch as this people _will_ be deceived, let them\n    be deceived.\"\n\nThis book of Prideaux's is full of mottoes, of which I shall give a few\ninstances. Of Frederick Barbarosa \"his saying was, _Qui nescit dissimulare,\nnescit imperare_:\" of Justinian \"His word was, _Summum jus, summa\ninjuria_--The rigour of the law may prove injurious to conscience:\" of\nTheodosius II. \"His motto was, _Tempori parendum_--We must fit us (as far\nas it may be done with a good conscience) to the time wherein we live, with\nChristian prudence:\" of Nerva \"His motto sums {622} up his excellencies,\n_Mens bona regnum possidet_--My mind to me a kingdom is:\" of Richard Coeur\nde Lion, \"The motto of _Dieu et mon droit_ is attributed to him; ascribing\nthe victory he had at Gisors against the French, not to himself, but to God\nand His might.\"\n\nEIRIONNACH.\n\nCardinal Carafa seems to have been the author of the above memorable\ndictum. Dr. John Prideaux thus alludes to the circumstance:\n\n    \"Cardinalis (ut ferunt) quidam [Greek: meta polles phantasias] Lutetiam\n    aliquando ingrediens, cum instant importunius turbae ut benedictionem\n    impertiret: _Quandoquidem_ (inquit) _hic populus vult decipi,\n    decipiatur in nomine Diaboli_.\"--_Lectiones Novem_, p. 54.: Oxoniae,\n    1625, 4to.\n\nI must also quote from Dr. Jackson:\n\n    \"Do all the learned of that religion in heart approve that commonly\n    reported saying of Leo X., '_Quantum profuit nobis fabula Christi_,'\n    and yet resolve (as Cardinal Carafa did, _Quoniam populus iste vult\n    decipi, decipiatur_) to puzzle the people in their\n    credulity?\"--_Works_, vol. i. p. 585.: Lond. 1673, fol.\n\nThe margin directs me to the following passage in Thuanus:\n\n    \"Inde Carafa Lutetiam regni metropolim tanquam Pontificis legatus\n    solita pompa ingreditur, ubi cum signum crucis, ut fit, ederet,\n    verborum, quae proferri mos est, loco, ferunt eum, ut erat securo de\n    numine animo et summus religionis derisor, occursante passim populo et\n    in genua ad ipsius conspectum procumbente, saepius secreta murmuratione\n    haec verba ingeminasse: _Quandoquidem populus iste vult decipi,\n    decipiatur_.\"--_Histor._, lib. xvii., ad ann. 1556, vol. i. p. 521.:\n    Genevae, 1626, fol.\n\nROBERT GIBBINGS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nLATIN--LATINER.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 423.)\n\nLatin was likewise used for the language or song of birds:\n\n \"E cantino gli angelli\n  Ciascuno in suo _Latino_.\"\n                  _Dante_, canzone i.\n\n \"This faire kinges doughter Canace,\n  That on hire finger bare the queinte ring,\n  Thurgh which she understood wel every thing\n  That any foule may in his _leden_ sain,\n  And coude answere him in his _leden_ again,\n  Hath understonden what this faucon seyd.\"\n                  Chaucer, _The Squieres Tale_, 10746.\n\nChaucer, it will be observed, uses the Anglo-Saxon form of the word.\n_Leden_ was employed by the Anglo-Saxons in the sense of language\ngenerally, as well as to express the Latin tongue.\n\nIn the German version of Sir Tristram, Latin is also used for the song of\nbirds, and is so explained by Ziemann:\n\n    \"_Latin_, Latein; fuer jede fremde eigenthuemliche Sprache, selbst fuer\n    den _Vogelgesang_. Tristan und Isolt, 17365.\"--Ziemann,\n    _Mittelhochdeutsches Woerterbuch_.\n\nSpenser, who was a great imitator of Chaucer, probably derives the word\n_leden_ or _ledden_ from him:\n\n \"Thereto he was expert in prophecies,\n  And could the _ledden_ of the gods unfold.\"\n                  _The Faerie Queene_, book iv. ch. xi. st. 19.\n\n \"And those that do to Cynthia expound\n  The _ledden_ of straunge languages in charge.\"\n                  _Colin Clout_, 744.\n\nIn the last passage, perhaps, _meaning, knowledge_, best expresses the\nsense. _Ledden_ may have been one of the words which led Ben Jonson to\ncharge Spenser with \"affecting the ancients.\" However, I find it employed\nby one of his cotemporaries, Fairfax:\n\n \"With party-colour'd plumes and purple bill,\n    A wond'rous bird among the rest there flew,\n  That in plain speech sung love-lays loud and shrill,\n    Her _leden_ was like human language true.\"\n                  Fairfax's _Tasso_, book xvi. st. 13.\n\nThe expression _lede, in lede_, which so often occurs in Sir Tristram, may\nalso have arisen from the Anglo-Saxon form of the word _Latin_. Sir W.\nScott, in his Glossary, explains it: \"_Lede, in lede. In language_, an\nexpletive, synonymous to _I tell you_.\" The following are a few of the\npassages in which it is found:\n\n \"Monestow neuer in _lede_\n      Nought lain.\"--Fytte i. st. 60.\n\n \"In _lede_ is nought to layn,\n  He set him by his side.\"--Fytte i. st. 65.\n\n \"Bothe busked that night,\n  To Beliagog in _lede_.\"--Fytte iii. st. 59.\n\nIt is not necessary to descant on thieves' Latin, dog-Latin, _Latin de\nCuisine_, &c.; but I should be glad to learn when dog-Latin first appeared\nin our language.\n\nE. M. B.\n\nLincoln.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJACK.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 326.)\n\nThe list of _Jacks_ supplied by your correspondent JOHN JACKSON is amusing\nand curious. A few additions towards a complete collection may not be\naltogether unacceptable or unworthy of notice.\n\nSupple (usually pronounced souple) _Jack_, a flexible cane; _Jack_ by the\nhedge, a plant (_Erysimum cordifolium_); the _jacks_ of a harpsichord;\n_jack_, an engine to raise ponderous bodies (Bailey); _Jack_, the male of\nbirds of sport (Ditto); _Jack_ of Dover, a joint twice dressed (Ditto, from\nChaucer); _jack_ pan, used by barbers (Ditto); _jack_, a frame used by\nsawyers. I have also noted _Jack_-Latin, _Jack_-a-nod, but cannot give\ntheir authority or meaning. {623}\n\nThe term was very familiar to our older writers. The following to Dodsley's\n_Collection of old Plays_ (1st edition, 1744) may assist in explaining its\nuse:\n\n     Vol. I.--Page 45. Jack Strawe.\n              Page 65. New Jack.\n              Page 217. Sir Jacke.\n              Page 232. Jack Fletcher.\n              Page 263. Jacknapes.\n              Page 271. Jack Sauce.\n\n    Vol. II.--Page 139. Clapper Jack.\n\n   Vol. III.--Page 34. Prating Jack.\n              Page 64. Jack-a-lent.\n              Page 168. His Jacks.\n              Page 214. Black Jacks.\n\n     Vol. V.--Page 161. Every Jack.\n              Page 341. Skip-Jack.\n\n    Vol. VI.--Page 290. Jack Sauce.\n              Page 325. Flap-Jacks.\n              Page 359. Whirling Jacks.\n\n  Vol. VIII.--Page 55. Jack Sauce.\n\n     Vol. X.--Pages 46. 49. His Jack.\n\nYour correspondent is perhaps aware that Dr. Johnson is disposed to\nconsider the derivation from _John_ to be an error, and rather refers the\nword to the common usage of the French word Jacques (James). His conjecture\nseems probable, from many of its applications in this language. _Jacques_,\na jacket, is decidedly French; _Jacques_ de mailles equally so; and the\nword _Jacquerie_ embraces all the catalogue of virtues and vices which we\nconnect with our _Jack_.\n\nOn the other hand, _John_, in his integrity, occurs familiarly in _John_\nBull, _John_-a-Nokes, _John_ Doe, _John_ apple, _John_ Doree, Blue _John_,\n_John_ Trot, _John's_ Wort, _John_-a-dreams, &c.; and Poor _John_ is found\nin Dodsley, vol. viii. pp. 197. 356.\n\nC. H. P.\n\nBrighton.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPASSAGE IN ST. JAMES.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 549)\n\nOn referring to the passage cited by S. S. S. in Bishop Taylor's _Holy\nDying_, vol. iv. p. 345. (Heber's edit.), I find I had marked two passages\nin St. James's Epistle as being those to which, in all probability, the\nbishop alluded; one in the first chapter, and one in the third. In the\ncommencement of his Epistle St. James exhorts his hearers to exercise\npatience in all the worldly accidents that might befal them; to resign\nthemselves into God's hands, and accept in faith whatever might happen. He\nthen proceeds:\n\n    \"If any of you lack wisdom\" (prudentia ad dijudicandum quid in singulis\n    circumstantiis agendum sit--_Grotius_), \"let him ask of God\" (postulet\n    ab eo, qui dat, nempe Deo: ut intelligas non aliunde petendum\n    sapientiam.--_Erasmus_).\n\nAgain, in chap. iii. 13., he asks:\n\n    \"Who is a wise man, and endued with knowledge among you\" ([Greek:\n    epistemon], _i. e._ sciens, sive scientia praeditus, quod recentiores\n    vocant scientificus.--_Erasmus_).\n\nHe bids him prove his wisdom by submission to the truth; for that cunning\ncraftiness which manifests itself only in generating heresies and\ncontentions, is--\n\n    \"Not from above,\" [Greek: all' epigeios, Psuchike ] (animalis,--ista\n    sapientia a natura est, non a Deo) [Greek: daimoniodes].--_Vid._ Eph.\n    ii. 2., and 2 Cor. iv. 4.\n\nThese passages would naturally afford ample scope for the exuberant fancy\nof ancient commentators; and it is not unreasonable to suppose that Bishop\nTaylor may have had the remarks of one of these writers running in his\nmind, when he quoted St. James as reprobating, with such minuteness of\ndetail, the folly of consulting oracles, spirits, sorcerers, and the like.\n\nI have not, at present, access to any of the commentators to whom I allude;\nso I am unable to confirm this suggestion.\n\nH. C. K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\nThere is no uncanonical epistle attributed to this apostle, although the\none received by the English from the Greek and Latin churches was\npronounced uncanonical by Luther. The passage to which Jeremy Taylor\nrefers, is iv. 13, 14., which he interpreted as referring to an unlawful\ninquiry into the future:\n\n    \"Go to now, ye that say, To-day or to-morrow we will go into such a\n    city and continue there a year, and buy and sell, and get gain: whereas\n    ye know not what shall be on the morrow: for what is your life? It is\n    even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth\n    away.\"\n\nHug (Wait's Trans., vol. ii. p. 579.) considers the apostle as reproving\nthe Jews for attempting to evade the national punishment threatened them,\nby removing out of their own country of Judaea. Probably, however, neither\nTaylor nor Hug are correct in departing from the more obvious\nsignification, which refers to the mercantile character of the twelve\ntribes (i. 1.), arising mainly out of the fact of their captivities and\ndispersions ([Greek: diasporai]). The practice is still common in the East\nfor merchants on a large and small scale to spend a whole season or year in\ntrafficking in one city, and passing thence to another with the varied\nproducts suitable respectively to each city; and such products were\ninterchanged without that extreme division of labour or despatch which the\nmagnitude of modern commerce requires. The whole passage, from James iv.\n13. to v. 6. inclusive, must be taken as specially applicable to the sins\nof mercantile men whose _works_ of righteousness St. James (iii. 17-20.)\ndeclared to be wanting, in proof of their holding the _faith_ necessary,\n{624} according, to St. Paul (Rom. iii. 27.), for their salvation.\n\nT. J. BUCKTON.\n\nBirmingham.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nFAITHFULL TEATE.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 529.)\n\nThe _Ter Tria_[3], about which your correspondent J. S. inquires, is\nneither a rare nor a very valuable book; and if his copy has cost him more\nthan some three and sixpence, it is a poor investment of capital. Mine,\nwhich is of the second edition, 1669, has the following book-note:\n\n    \"The worthy Faithfull Teate indulges himself in the then prevailing bad\n    taste of _anagramising_ his name: see the result after the title. A\n    better play upon his name is that of Jo. Chishull, who, in lashing the\n    prophane wits of the day, and eulogising the author, has the following\n    comical allusion thereto:\n\n     'Let all wise-hearted sav'ring things divine\n      _Come suck this_ TEAT that yields both milk and wine,\n      Loe depths where elephants may swim, yet here\n      The weakest lamb of Christ wades without fear.'\"\n\nThe _Ter Tria_ was originally published in 1658; its author, F. T., was the\nfather of the better known Nahum Tate, the co-translator of the last\nauthorised version of the Psalms,--a _Teat_ which, following the metaphor\nof Mr. Chishull, has nourished not a few generations of the godly, but now,\nlike a sucked orange, thrown aside for the more juicy productions of our\nmodern Psalmists. Old Teate (or Tate, as the junior would have it) is\nstyled in this book, \"preacher at Sudbury.\" He seems subsequently to have\nremoved to Ireland, where his son Nahum, the laureat, was born.\n\nJ. O.\n\n[Footnote 3: \"Ter Tria; or the Doctrine of the Three Sacred Persons:\nFather, Son, and Spirit. Principal Graces: Faith, Hope, and Love. Main\nDuties: Prayer, Hearing, and Meditation. Summarily digested for the\nPleasure and Profit of the pious and ingenious Reader. By F. T. Tria sunt\nomnia.\"]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPARVISE.\n\n(Vol. viii., p. 528.)\n\n_Parvise_ seems to have been a porch, used as a school or place for\ndisputation. The _parvise_ mentioned in the Oxford \"Little-Go\"\n(Responsions) Testamur is alluded to in Bishop Cooper's book against\nPrivate Mass (published by the Parker Society). He ridicules his opponent's\narguments as worthy of \"a sophister in the parvyse schools.\" The\nSerjeant-at-law, in Chaucer's Canterbury Pilgrims, had been often at the\n_paruise_. In some notes on this character in a number of the _Penny\nMagazine_ for 1840 or 1841, it is farther remarked that the choristers of\nNorwich Cathedral were formerly taught in the _parvise_, _i. e._ porch. The\nchamber over a porch in some churches may have been the school meant.\nInstances of this arrangement were to be found at Doncaster Church (where\nit was used as a library), and at Sherborne Abbey Church. The porch here\nwas Norman, and the chamber Third Pointed; and at the restoration lately\neffected the pitch of the roof was raised, and the chamber removed.\n\nB. A. OXON.\n\nOxford University.\n\nI believe that the _parvisus_, or _paradisus_ of the Responsions Testamur,\nis the _pro-scholium_ of the divinity school, otherwise called the\n\"pig-market,\" from its site having been so occupied up to the year 1554.\nThis is said to be the locality in which the Responsions were formerly\nheld.\n\nIt is ordered by the statutes, tit. vi.,--\n\n    \"Quod priusquam quis ad Gradum Baccalaurei in Artibus admittatur, in\n    Parviso semel Quaestionibus Magistrorum Scholarum respondeat.\"\n\nHowever, they go on to direct, \"Locus hisce Responsionibus assignetur\nSchola Metaphysices;\" and there they are at present held. (See the Glossary\nto Tyrwhitt's _Chaucer_; and also Parker's _Glossary of Architecture_, ad\nvoc. \"Parvise.\")\n\nCHEVERELLS.\n\nThe term _parvise_, though used in somewhat different senses by old\nwriters, appears to mean strictly a _porch_ or _antechamber_. Your\ncorrespondent OXONIENSIS will find in Parker's _Glossary_ ample information\nrespecting this word, with references to various writers, showing the\ndifferent meanings which have been attached to it. \"Responsions,\" or the\npreliminary examinations at Oxford, are said to be held _in parviso_; that\nis, in the porch, as it were, or antechamber before the schools, which are\nthe scene of the greater examinations for the degree.\n\nH. C. K.\n\nIf your correspondent will refer to the word _Parvisium_, in the Glossary\nat the end of Watt's edition of Matthew Paris, he will find a good deal of\ninformation. To this I will add that the word is now in use in Belgium in\nanother sense. I saw some years since, and again last summer, in a street\nleading out of the Grande Place, by one side of the Halle at Bruges, on a\nhouse, this notice,--\n\n     \"IN PERVISE\n  VERKOOPT MEN DRANK.\"\n\nD. P.\n\nBegbrook.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE COENACULUM OF LIONARDO DA VINCI.\n\n(Vol. vii., pp. 524, 525.)\n\nMR. SMIRKE's paper, questioning the received opinion as to the points of\ntime and circumstance {625} expressed in this celebrated fresco, contains\nthe following sentence:\n\n    \"The work in question is now so generally accessible, through the\n    medium of _accurate_ engravings, that any one may easily exercise his\n    own judgment on the matter.\"\n\nHaving within no very distant period spent an hour or two in examining the\noriginal, with copies lying close at hand for the purposes of comparison,\nallow me to offer you a few impressions of which, while fresh, I \"made a\nnote\" in an interleaved copy of Bishop Burnet's curious _Tour in Italy_,\nwhich served me as a journal while abroad. Burnet mentions the Dominican\nConvent at Milan as in his day \"very rich.\" My note is as follows:\n\n    \"The Dominican convent is now suppressed. It is a cavalry barracks:\n    dragoons have displaced Dominicans. There is a fine cupola to the\n    church, the work of Bramante: in the salle or refectory of this convent\n    was discovered, since Burnet's time, under a coat of wash or plaster,\n    the celebrated fresco of Lionardo da Vinci, now so well known to the\n    world by plates and copies, better finished than the original ever was,\n    in all probability; certainly better than it is now, after abuse,\n    neglect, damp, and, worst of all, _restoring_, have done their joint\n    work upon it. A visit to this fresco disenchants one wonderfully. It is\n    better to be satisfied with the fine engravings, and let the original\n    live in its ideal excellence. The copyists have taken some liberties,\n    of which these strike me as the chief:\n\n    \"First, The Saviour's head is put more on one side, in what I would\n    call a more languishing position than its actual one.\n\n    \"Second, the expression of the figure seated at his left hand is quite\n    changed. In the copies it is a grave, serious, fine face: in the\n    original, though now indistinct, it evidently expressed 'open-mouthed\n    horror' at the declaration, 'One of you shall betray me.'\n\n    \"Third, Judas in all copies is identified not only by the held bag of\n    money, but by the overturned saltcellar at his elbow. This last is not\n    in the original.\n\n    \"The whole fresco, though now as well kept as may be, seems spoiling\n    fast. There is a Crucifixion at the other end of the same hall, in much\n    better preservation, though of the same date; and the doorway which the\n    tasteful Dominicans cut in the wall, through the bottom of the\n    painting, is, though blocked up, still quite visible. It is but too\n    probable that the monks valued the absurd and hideous frescoes in the\n    cloisters outside, representing Saint Dominic's miracles! and the\n    Virgin fishing souls out of purgatory with a rosary, beyond Lionardo's\n    great work.\"\n\nSo far my original note, written without supposing that the received idea,\nas to the subject of the picture, had ever been questioned. In reference to\nthe question raised, however, I will briefly say, that, as recollection\nserves me, it would require a well-sustained criticism to convince me that\nthe two disciples at the Saviour's right hand were not designed to express\nthe point of action described in the 23rd and 24th verses of chapter xiii.\nof St. John's Gospel. Possibly MR. SMIRKE might favour us with the argument\nof his MSS. on the group.\n\nA. B. R.\n\nBelmont.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nFONT INSCRIPTIONS.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 408.)\n\nI have in my note-book the following entries:--\n\nKiddington, Oxon.:\n\n \"This sacred Font Saint Edward first receaved,\n  From womb to grace, from grace to glory went\n  His virtuous life. To this fayre isle beqveth'd.\n  Prase ... and to vs bvt lent.\n  Let this remaine the trophies of his fame;\n  A King baptized from hence a Saint became.\n\n \"This Fonte came from the King's Chapell in Islip.\"\n\nNewark, round the base in black letter:\n\n \"Suis . Natis . sunt . Deo . hoc . Fonte . Renati . erunt.\"\n\nOn a pillar adjoining the font is a brass tablet with this inscription:\n\n    \"This Font was demolished by the Rebels, May 9, 1646, and rebuilt by\n    the charity of Nicholas Ridley in 1660.\"\n\nKirton, Lincoln:\n\n    \"Orate pro aia Alauni Burton qui fontem istum fieri fec. A.D. MCCCCV.\"\n\nClee, Lincoln:\n\n    \"The Font is formed of two cylindrical parts, one placed upon the\n    other, over which, in the shaft of the circular column, is inlaid a\n    small piece of marble, with a Latin inscription in Saxon characters,\n    referring to the time of King Richard, and stating it was dedicated to\n    the Holy Trinity and St. Mary, by Hugh Bishop of Lincoln, A.D. 1192.\"\n\nThe above are extracts from books, not copied by me from the fonts.\n\nF. B. RELTON.\n\nAt Threckingham, Lincolnshire, round the base of the font--\n\n \"Ave Maria gratis . p . d . t.\"\n\nAt Little Billing, Northamptonshire,--\n\n    \"Wilberthus artifex atq; cementarius hunc fabricavit, quisquis suum\n    venit mergere corpus procul dubio capit.\"\n\nJ. P., Jun.\n\nTo the list of these should be added the early English font at Keysoe,\nBeds., noticed in the _Ecclesiologist_, vol. i. p. 124., and figured in Van\nVoorst's _Baptismal Fonts_. It bears the legend in Norman French:\n\n  + \"Trestui: ke par hiei passerui\n  Pur le alme Warel prieui:\n  Ke Deu par sa grace\n  Verrey merci li face. A[=m].\"\n\n{626} Or, in modern French:\n\n \"Restez: qui par ici passerez\n  Pour l'ame de Warel priez:\n  Que Dieu par sa grace\n  Vraie merci lui fasse. Amen.\"\n\nCHEVERELLS.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBURN AT CROYDON.\n\n(Vol. vii., pp. 238. 393.)\n\nThe bourne at Croydon is one of the most remarkable of those intermitting\nsprings which issue from the upper part of the chalk strata after\nlong-continued rains.\n\nAll porous earth-beds are reservoirs of water, and give out their supplies\nmore or less copiously according to their states of engorgement; and at\nhigher or lower levels, as they are more or less replenished by rain. Rain\npercolates through the chalk rapidly at all times, it being greatly\nfissured and cavernous, and finds vent at the bottom of the hills, in\nordinary seasons, in the perennial springs which issue there, at the top of\nthe chalk marl, or of the galt (the clay so called) which underlies the\nchalk. But when long-continued rains have filled the fissures and caverns,\nand the chinks and crannies of the ordinary vents below are unequal to the\ndrainage, the reservoir as it were overflows, and the superfluity exudes\nfrom the valleys and gullies of the upper surface; and these occasional\nsources continue to flow till the equilibrium is restored, and the\nperennial vents suffice to carry off the annual supply. Some approach to\nthe full engorgement here spoken of takes place annually in many parts of\nthe chalk districts, where springs break out after the autumnal and winter\nrains, and run themselves dry again in the course of a few months, or maybe\nhave intermissions of a year or two, when the average falls are short.\nThence it is we have so many \"Winterbournes\" in the counties of Wilts,\nHants, and Dorset; as Winterbourne-basset, Winterbourne-gunner,\nWinterbourne-stoke, &c. (Vide Lewis's _Topog. Dict._) The highest sources\nof the Test, Itchen, and some other of our southern rivers which take their\nrise in the chalk, are often dry for months, and their channels void of\nwater for miles; failing altogether when the rains do not fill the\nneighbouring strata to repletion.\n\nIn the case of long intermissions, such as occur to the Croydon bourne, it\nis not wonderful that the sudden appearance of waters in considerable\nforce, where none are usually seen to flow, should give rise to\nsuperstitious dread of coming evils. Indeed, the coincidence of the running\nof the bourne, a wet summer, a worse sowing-season, and a wet cold spring,\nmay well inspire evil forebodings, and give a colourable pretext for such\napprehensions as are often entertained on the occurrence of any unusual\nnatural phenomenon. These intermittent rivulets have no affinity, as your\ncorrespondent E. G. R. supposes, to subterraneous rivers. The nearest\napproach to this kind of stream is to be found in the Mole, which sometimes\nsinks away, and leaves its channel dry between Dorking and Leatherhead,\nbeing absorbed into fissures in the chalk, and again discharged; these\nfissures being insufficient to receive its waters in times of more copious\nsupply. The subterraneous rivers of more mountainous countries are also not\nto be included in the same category. They have a history of their own, to\nenlarge on which is not the business of this Note: but it may not be\nirrelevant to turn the attention for a moment to the use of the word\n_bourne_ or _burn_. The former mode of spelling and pronouncing it appears\nto prevail in the south, and the latter in the north of England and in\nScotland; both alike from the same source as the _brun_ or _brunen_ of\nGermany. The perennial bourne so often affords a convenient natural\ngeographical boundary, and a convenient line of territorial division, that\nby an easy metonymy it has established itself in our language in either\nsense, signifying streamlet or boundary-line,--as witness the well-known\nlines:\n\n \"That undiscovered country, from whose bourne\n  No traveller returns.\"--_Shakspeare._\n\n \"I know each lane, and every alley green,\n  And every bosky bourn from side to side.\"--_Milton._\n\nM.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCHRISTIAN NAMES.\n\n(Vol. vii., pp. 406. 488, 489.)\n\nThe opinion of your correspondents, that instances of persons having more\nthan one Christian name before the last century are, at least, very rare,\nis borne out by the learned Camden, who, however, enables me to adduce two\nearlier instances of polyonomy than those cited by J. J. H.:\n\n    \"Two Christian names,\" says he (_Remaines concerning Britaine_, p.\n    44.), \"are rare in England, and I onely remember now his majesty, who\n    was named Charles James, and the prince his sonne Henry Frederic; and\n    among private men, Thomas Maria Wingfield, and Sir Thomas Posthumous\n    Hobby.\"\n\nThe custom must have been still rare at the end of the eighteenth century,\nfor, as we are informed by Moore in a note to his _Fudge Family in Paris_\n(Letter IV.):\n\n    \"The late Lord C. (Castlereagh?) of Ireland had a curious theory about\n    names; he held that _every_ man with _three_ names was a Jacobin. His\n    instances in Ireland were numerous; Archibald Hamilton Rowan, Theobald\n    Wolfe Tone, James Napper Tandy, John Philpot Curran, &c.: and in\n    England he produced as examples, Charles James Fox, Richard Brinsley\n    {627} Sheridan, John Horne Tooke, Francis Burdett Jones,\" &c.\n\nPerhaps the noble lord thought with Sterne in _Tristram Shandy_, though the\n_nexus_ is not easy to discover, that \"there is a strange kind of magic\nbias, which good or bad names irresistibly impose upon our character and\nconduct,\" or perhaps he had misread that controverted passage in Plautus\n(_Aulular._ Act II. Sc. 4.):\n\n \"Tun' _trium literarum_ homo\n  Me vituperas? _Fur._\"\n\nThe custom is now almost universal; and as, according to Camden (_Remaines,\n&c._, p. 96.),\n\n    \"Shortly after the Conquest it seemed a disgrace for a gentleman to\n    have but one single name, as the meaner sort and bastards had,\"\n\nso now, the _tria nomina nobiliorum_ have become so common, as to render\nthe epigram upon a certain M. L-P. Saint-Florentin, of almost universal\napplicability as a neat and befitting epitaph.\n\n    \"On ne lui avait pas epargne,\" says the biographer of this gentleman\n    (_Biographie Universelle_, tom. xxxix. p. 573.), \"les epigrammes de son\n    vivant; il en parut encore contre lui au moment de sa mort; en voici\n    une:--\n\n     'Ci git un petit homme a l'air assez commun,\n      Ayant porte _trois noms_, et n'en laissant _aucun_.'\"\n\nWILLIAM BATES.\n\nBirmingham.\n\nLeopold William Finch, fifth son of Heneage, second Earl of Nottingham,\nborn about the year 1662, and afterwards Warden of All Souls, is an earlier\ninstance of an English person with two Christian names than your\ncorrespondent J. J. H. has noticed.\n\nJ. B.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nWEATHER RULES.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 522.)\n\nYour correspondent J. A., JUN., makes a Note and asks a question regarding\na popular opinion prevalent in Worcestershire, on the subject of a\n\"Sunday's moon,\" as being one very much addicted to rain. In Sussex that\nbad repute attaches to the moon that changes on Saturday:\n\n \"A Saturday's moon,\n  If it comes once in seven years, it comes too soon.\"\n\nIt may be hoped that the time is not far distant when a scientific\nmeteorology will dissipate the errors of the traditional code now in\nexistence. Of these errors none have greater or more extensive prevalence\nthan the superstitions regarding the influence of the moon on the\natmospheric phenomena of wet and dry weather. Howard, the author of _The\nClimate of London_, after twenty years of close observation, could not\ndetermine that the moon had any perceptible influence on the weather. And\nthe best authorities now follow, still more decidedly, in the same train.\n\n\"The change of the moon,\" the expression in general use in predictions of\nthe weather, is idly and inconsiderately used by educated people, without\nconsidering that in every phase that planet is the same to us, as a\nmaterial agent, except as regards the power of reflected light; and no one\nsupposes that moonlight produces wet or dry. Why then should that point in\nthe moon's course, which we agree to call \"the new\" when it begins to\nemerge from the sun's rays, have any influence on our weather. Twice in\neach revolution, when in conjunction with the sun at new, and in opposition\nat the full, an atmospheric spring-tide may be supposed to exist, and to\nexert some sort of influence. But the existence of any atmospheric tide at\nall is denied by some naturalists, and is at most very problematical; and\nthe absence of regular diurnal fluctuations of the barometric pressure\nfavours the negative of this proposition. But, granting that it were so,\nand that the moon, in what is conventionally called the beginning of its\ncourse, and again in the middle, at the full, did produce changes in the\nweather, surely the most sanguine of _rational lunarians_ would discard the\nidea of one moon differing from another, except in relation to the season\nof the year; or that a new moon on the Sabbath day, whether Jewish or\nChristian, had any special quality not shared by the new moons of any other\ndays of the week.\n\nSuch a publication as \"N. & Q.\" is not the place to discuss fully the\nquestion of lunar influence. Your correspondent J. A., JUN., and all\npersons who have inconsiderately taken up the popular belief in\nmoon-weather, will do well to consult an interesting article on this\nsubject (I believe attributed to Sir D. Brewster) in _The Monthly\nChronicle_ for 1838; and this will also refer such inquirers to Arago's\n_Annuaire_ for 1833. There may be later and completer disquisitions on the\nlunar influences, but they are not known to me.\n\nM.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nROCOCO.\n\n(Vol. i., pp. 321. 356.)\n\nThis word is now receiving a curious illustration in this colony of French\norigin. _Rococo_--antiquated, old-fashioned--would seem to have become\n_rococo_ itself; and in its place the negroes have adopted the word\n_entete_, wilful, headstrong, to express, as it were, the persistence of a\nperson in retaining anything that has gone out of fashion. This term was\nfirst applied to white hats; and the wearers of such have been assailed\nfrom every corner of the streets with the cry of \"Entete chapeau!\" It was\nnext applied to umbrellas of a {628} strange colour (the varieties of which\nare almost without number in this country of the sun); and it has now been\nextended to every article of wearing apparel of an unfashionable or\npeculiar shape. A negro woman, appearing with a blue umbrella, has been\nfollowed by half a dozen black boys with the cry of \"Entete parasol!\" and\nin order to get rid of the annoyance she had to shut the umbrella and\ncontinue her way under the broiling sun. But the term is not always used in\nderision. A few days ago, a young girl of colour, dressed in the extreme of\nthe fashion, was passing along, when some bystanders began to rally her\nwith the word \"Entete.\" The girl, perceiving that she was the object of\ntheir notice, turned round, and in an attitude of conscious\nirreproachableness, retorted with the challenge in Creole French, \"Qui\nentete ca?\" But the smiles with which she was greeted showed her (what she\nhad already partly suspected) that their cries of \"Entete\" were intended\nrather to compliment her on the style of her dress.\n\nHENRY H. BREEN.\n\nSt. Lucia.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nDESCENDANTS OF JOHN OF GAUNT.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 41.)\n\nI am gratified to see that MR. HARDY's documentary researches have\nconfirmed my conjectures as to the erroneous date assigned for the death of\nthe first husband of Jane Beaufort. Perhaps it may be in his power also to\nrectify a chronological error, which has crept into the account usually\ngiven of the family into which one of her sons married. The Peerages all\nplace the death of the last Lord Fauconberg of the original family in 1376,\nnot observing that this date would make his daughter and heiress married to\nWilliam Nevill, second son of the Earl of Westmoreland and Countess Joane,\ntwenty-five years at the lowest computation; or, if we take the date which\nthey assign for the death of Lord Ferrers of Wemme, forty years older than\nher husband,--a difference this, which, although perhaps it might not prove\nan insuperable impediment to marriage where the lady was a great heiress,\nwould undoubtedly put a bar on all hopes of issue: whereas it stands on\nrecord that they had a family.\n\nI must take this opportunity of complaining of the manner in which many, if\nnot all these Peerages, are compiled: copying each others' errors, however\nobvious, without a word of doubt or an attempt to rectify them; though MR.\nHARDY's communication, above mentioned, shows that the materials for doing\nso, in many cases, exist if properly sought. Not to mention minor errors,\nthey sometimes crowd into a given time more generations than could have\npossibly existed, and sometimes make the generations of a length that has\nnot been witnessed since the patriarchal ages. As instances of the former\nmay be mentioned, the pedigree of the Ferrerses, Earls of Derby (in which\neight successions from father to son are given between 1137 and 1265), and\nthose of the Netterville and Tracy families: and of the latter, the\npedigree of the Fitzwarines, which gives only four generations between the\nConquest and 1314; and that of the Clanricarde family. It is strange that\nMr. Burke, who appears to claim descent from the latter, did not take more\npains to rectify a point so nearly concerning him; instead of making, as he\ndoes in his Peerage, one of the family to have held the title (MacWilliam\nEighter) and estates for 105 years!--an absurdity rendered still more\nglaring by this long-lived gentleman's father having possessed them\nfifty-four years before him, and his son for fifty-six years after him. If\nsuch can be supposed true, the Countess of Desmond's longevity was not so\nunusual after all.\n\nJ. S. WARDEN.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM.\n\n(Vol. vii., p. 407.)\n\nMay I be allowed to inform your correspondent R. L. P. that he is in error,\nwhen supposing that the English knights were deprived of their property by\nQueen Elizabeth, as it was done by act of parliament in the year 1534, and\nduring the reign of Henry VIII.\n\nFor the information sought by your correspondent R. L. P., I would refer\nhim to the following extract taken from Sutherland's _History of the\nKnights of Malta_, vol. ii. pp. 114, 115.:\n\n    \"To increase the despondency of L'Isle Adam [the Grand Master of the\n    Order of St. John of Jerusalem], Henry VIII. of England having come to\n    an open rupture with the Pope, in consequence of the Pontiff's steady\n    refusal to countenance the divorcement of Catherine of Arragon his\n    queen, commenced a fierce and bloody persecution against all persons in\n    his dominions, who persisted in adhering to the Holy See. In these\n    circumstances, the Knights of St. John, who held themselves bound to\n    acknowledge the Pope as their superior at whatever hazard, did not long\n    escape his ire. The power of the Order, composed as it was of the\n    chivalry of the nation, while the Prior of London sat in parliament on\n    an equality with the first baron of the realm, for a time deterred him\n    from openly proscribing it; but at length his wrath burst forth in an\n    ungovernable flame. The knights Ingley, Adrian Forrest, Adrian\n    Fortescu, and Marmaduke Bohus, refusing to abjure their faith, perished\n    on the scaffold. Thomas Mytton and Edward Waldegrave died in a dungeon;\n    and Richard and James Bell, John Noel, and many others, abandoned their\n    country for ever, and sought an asylum at Malta[4], completely stripped\n    {629} of their possessions. In 1534, by an act of the legislature, the\n    Order of St. John was abolished in the King of England's dominions; and\n    such knights as survived the persecution, but who refused to stoop to\n    the conditions offered them, were thrown entirely on the charity of\n    their brethren at Malta. Henry offered Sir Wm. Weston, Lord Prior of\n    England, a pension of a thousand pounds a year; but that knight was so\n    overwhelmed with grief at the suppression of his Order, that he never\n    received a penny, but soon after died. Other knights, less scrupulous,\n    became pensioners of the crown.\"\n\nW. W.\n\nLa Valetta, Malta.\n\n[Footnote 4: I have sought in vain among the records of the Order at this\nisland to find any mention made of those English knights, whom Sutherland\nthus mentions as having fled to Malta at the time of this persecution in\ntheir native land.]\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nReplies to Minor Queries.\n\n_Anticipatory Worship of the Cross_ (Vol. vii., p. 548.).--A correspondent\nwishes for farther information on the anticipatory worship of the cross in\nMexico and at Alexandria. At the present moment I am unable to refer to the\nworks on which I grounded the statement which he quotes. He will, however,\nfind the details respecting Mexico in Stephens's _Travels in Yucatan_; and\nthose respecting Alexandria in the commentators on Sozomen (_H. E._, vii.\n15.), and Socrates (_H. E._, v. 16.). A similar instance is the worship of\nthe _Cross Fylfotte_ in Thibet.\n\nTHE WRITER OF \"COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE UNSEEN WORLD.\"\n\n_Ennui_ (Vol. vii., p. 478.).--\n\n    \"Cleland (voc. 165.) has, with his usual sagacity, and with a great\n    deal of trouble, as he himself acknowledges, traced out the true\n    meaning and derivation of this word: for after he had long despaired of\n    discovering the origin of it, mere chance, he says, offered to him what\n    he took to be the genuine one: 'In an old French book I met,' says he,\n    'with a passage where the author, speaking of a company that had sat up\n    late, makes use of this expression, \"l'ennuit les avoit gagnes,\" by the\n    context of which it was plain he meant, that the common influence of\n    _the night_, in bringing on _heaviness_ and _yawning_, had come upon\n    them. The proper sense is totally antiquated, but the figurative\n    remains in full currency to this day.\"--Lemon's _Etymological\n    Dictionary_.\n\nThe true synonym of _ennui_ seem to be _taedium_, which appears to have the\nsame relation to _taedo_, a torch, as _ennui_ to _nuit_.\n\nB. H. C.\n\n_\"Qui facit per alium, facit per se,\" &c._ (Vol. vii., p. 488.).--This\nmaxim is found in the following form in the _Regulae Juris_, subjoined to\nthe 6th Book of the Decretals, Reg. lxxii.: \"Qui facit per alium, est\nperinde ac si faciat per seipsum.\"\n\nJ. B.\n\n_Vincent Family_ (Vol. vii., pp. 501. 586.).--The _Memoir of Augustine\nVincent_, referred to by MR. MARTIN, was written by the late Sir N. Harris\nNicolas, and published by Pickering in 1827, crown 8vo. Shortly after its\npublication, a few pages of _Addenda_ were printed in consequence of some\ninformation communicated by the Rev. Joseph Hunter, respecting the\ndescendants of Augustine Vincent. At that time Francis Offley Edmunds,\nEsq., of Westborough, was his representative.\n\nG.\n\n_Judge Smith_ (Vol. vii., pp. 463. 508.).--I am well acquainted with the\nmonumental inscriptions in Chesterfield Church, but I do not recollect one\nto the memory of Judge Smith.\n\nThomas Smith, who was an attorney in Sheffield, and died in 1774, had a\nbrother, William Smith of Norwich, who died in 1801. Thomas Smith married\nSusan Battie, by whom he had a son Thomas Smith of Sheffield, and after of\nDunston Hall, who married in 1791 Elizabeth Mary, only surviving child of\nRobert Mower of Woodseats, Esq., (by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of\nRichard Milnes of Dunston Hall, Esq.) It was through this lady that the\nDunston estate came to the Smiths by the will of her uncle Mr. Milnes. Mr.\nSmith died in 1811, having had issue by her (who married secondly John\nFrederick Smith, Esq., of London) three sons and several daughters. The\nsecond son (Rev. Wm. Smith of Dunston Hall) died in 1841, leaving male\nissue; but I am not aware of the death of either of the others. The family\nhad a grant of arms in 1816. Dunston Hall had belonged to the Milnes family\nfor about a century.\n\nW. ST.\n\n_\"Dimidiation\" in Impalements_ (Vol. vii., p. 548.).--In reply to your\ncorrespondent's Query as to _dimidiation_, he will find that this was the\nmost ancient form of impalement. Its manifest inconvenience no doubt at\nlast banished it. Guillim (ed. 1724) says, at p. 425.:\n\n    \"It was an ancient way of impaling, to take half the husband's coat,\n    and with that to joyn as much of the wife's; as appeareth in an old\n    roll, wherein three lions, being the arms of _England_, are dimidiated\n    and impaled with half the pales of Arragon. The like hath been\n    practised with quartered coats by leaving out half of them.\"\n\nOn p. 426. he gives the example of Mary, Henry VIII.'s sister, and her\nhusband Louis XII. of France. Here the French king's coat is cut in half,\nso that the lily in the base point is _dimidiated_; and the queen's coat,\nbeing quarterly France and England, shows two quarters only; England in\nchief, France in base.\n\nSandford, in his _Genealogical History_, gives a plate of the tomb of Henry\nII. and Richard I. of England at Fontevrault, which was built anew in {630}\n1638. Upon it are several impalements by _dimidiation_. Sandford (whose\nbook seems to me to be strangely over-valued) gives no explanation of them.\nNo doubt they were copied from the original tomb.\n\nIn Part II. of the _Guide to the Architectural Antiquities in the\nNeighbourhood of Oxford_, at p. 178., is figured an impalement by\n_dimidiation_ existing at Stanton Harcourt, in the north transept of the\nchurch, in a brass on a piece of blue marble. The writer of the _Guide_\nsupposes this bearing to be some union of Harcourt and Beke, in consequence\nof a will of John Lord Beke, and to be commemorative of the son of Sir\nRichard Harcourt and Margaret Beke. It is in fact commemorative of those\npersons themselves. Harcourt, two bars, is dimidiated, and meets Beke, a\ncross moline or ancree. The figure thus produced is a strange one, but\nperfectly intelligible when the practice of impaling by dimidiation is\nrecollected. I know no modern instance of this method of impaling. I doubt\nif any can be found since the time of Henry VIII.\n\nD. P.\n\nBegbrook.\n\n_Worth_ (Vol. vii., p. 584.).--At one time, and in one locality, this word\nseems to have denoted manure; as appears by the following preamble to the\nstatute 7 Jac. I. cap. 18.:\n\n    \"Whereas the sea-sand, by long triall and experience, hath bin found to\n    be very profitable for the bettering of land, and especially for the\n    increase of corne and tillage, within the counties of Devon and\n    Cornwall, where the inhabitants have not commonly used any other\n    _worth_, for the bettering of their arable grounds and pastures.\"\n\nI am not aware of any other instance of the use of this word in this sense.\n\nC. H. COOPER.\n\nCambridge.\n\n_\"Elementa sex,\" &c._ (Vol. vii., p. 572.).--The answer to the Latin riddle\npropounded by your correspondent EFFIGY, seems to be the word _putres_;\ndivided into _utres_, _tres_, _res_, _es_, and the letter _s_.\n\nThe allusion in _putres_ is to Virgil, _Georgic_, i. 392.; and in _utres_\nprobably to _Georgic_, ii. 384.: the rest is patent enough.\n\nI send this response to save others from the trouble of seeking an answer,\nand being disappointed at their profitless labours. If I may venture a\nguess at its author, I should be inclined to ascribe it to some idle\nschoolboy, or perhaps schoolmaster, who deserved to be whipped for their\npains.\n\nC. W. B.\n\n_\"A Diasii 'Salve',\" &c._ (Vol. vii., p. 571.).--The deliverance desired in\nthese words is from treachery, similar to that which was exhibited by the\nfratricide Alfonso Diaz toward his brother Juan. (Vid. Senarclaei _Historiam\nveram_, 1546; _Actiones et Monimenta Martyrum_, foll. 126-139. [Genevae],\n1560: _Histoire des Martyrs_, foll. 161-168., ed. 1597; M^cCrie's\n_Reformation in Spain_, pp. 181-188., Edinb. 1829.)\n\nThe \"A Gallorum 'Venite,'\" probably refers to the singing of the \"Venite,\nexultemus Domino,\" on the occasion of the massacre of St. Bartholomew.\n\nR. G.\n\n_Meaning of \"Claret\"_ (Vol. vii., pp. 237. 511.).--Old Bartholomew\nGlanville, the venerable Franciscan, gives a recipe for claret in his\ntreatise _De Proprietatibus Rerum_, Argent., 1485., lib. xix. cap. 56.,\nwhich proves it to be of older date than is generally supposed:\n\n    \"Claretum ex vino et melle et speciebus aromaticis est confectum ...\n    Unde a vino contrahit fortitudinem et acumen, a speciebus autem retinet\n    aromaticitatem et odorem, sed a melle dulcedinem mutuat et saporem.\"\n\nH. C. K.\n\n---- Rectory, Hereford.\n\n\"_The Temple of Truth_\" (Vol. vii., p. 549.).--The author of this work,\naccording to Dr. Watt, was the Rev. C. E. de Coetlogon, rector of Godstone,\nSurrey.\n\n[Greek: Halieus].\n\nDublin.\n\n_Wellborne Family_ (Vol. vii., p. 259.).--The following is from the _Town\nand Country Magazine_ for 1772:\n\n    \"_Deaths._--Mr. Richard Wellborne, in Aldersgate Street, descended in a\n    direct male line from the youngest son of Simon Montfort, Earl of\n    Leicester, who flourished in King Henry III.'s time, and married that\n    king's sister.\"\n\nThere is now a family of the name of Wellborne residing in Doncaster.\n\nW. H. L.\n\n_Devonianisms_ (Vol. vii., p. 544.).--While a resident in Devonshire, I\nfrequently met with localisms similar in character to those quoted by\nJ. M. B.; but what at first struck me as most peculiar in common\nconversation, was the use, or rather abuse, of the little preposition _to_.\nWhen inquiring the whereabouts of an individual, Devonians ask one another,\n\"Where is he _to_?\" The invariable reply is, \"_To_ London,\" \"_To_\nPlymouth,\" &c., as the case may be. The Cheshire clowns, on the other hand,\nmurder the word _at_, in just the same strange and inappropriate manner.\n\nThe indiscriminate use of the term _forrell_, when describing the cover of\na book, is a solecism, I fancy, peculiarly Devonian. Whether a book be\nbound in cloth, vellum, or morocco, it is all alike _forrell_ in Devonshire\nparlance. I imagine, however, that the word, in its present corrupt sense,\nmust have originated from _forrell_, a term still used by the trade to\ndesignate an inferior kind of vellum {631} or parchment, in which books are\nnot unfrequently bound. When we consider that vellum was at one time in\nmuch greater request for bookbinding purposes than it is just now, we shall\nbe at no great loss to reconcile this eccentricity in the vocabulary of our\nwest country brethren.\n\nT. HUGHES.\n\nChester.\n\n_Humbug_ (Vol. vii., p. 550.).--A recent number of Miller's _Fly Leaves_\nmakes the following hazardous assertion as to the origin and derivation of\nthe term _Humbug_:\n\n    \"This, now common expression, is a corruption of the word Hamburgh, and\n    originated in the following manner:--During a period when war prevailed\n    on the Continent, so many false reports and lying bulletins were\n    fabricated at Hamburgh, that at length, when any one would signify his\n    disbelief of a statement, he would say, 'You had that from Hamburgh;'\n    and thus, 'That is Hamburgh,' or _Humbug_, became a common expression\n    of incredulity.\"\n\nWith all my credulity, I cannot help fancying that this bit of specious\n_humbug_ is a _leetle_ too far-fetched.\n\nT. HUGHES.\n\nChester.\n\n_George Miller, D.D._ (Vol. vii., p. 527.).--His Donnellan Lectures were\nnever published.\n\n[Greek: Halieus].\n\nDublin.\n\n\"_A Letter to a Convocation Man_\" (Vol. vii., p. 502.).--Your correspondent\nW. FRASER may be informed that the \"great preacher\" for whom he inquires\nwas Archbishop Tillotson.\n\n[Greek: Halieus].\n\n    [Perhaps our correspondent can reply to another Query from MR. W.\n    FRASER, viz. \"Who is the 'certain author' quoted in _A Letter to a\n    Convocation Man_, pp. 24, 25.?\"--ED.]\n\n_Sheriffs of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire_ (Vol. vii., p.\n572.).--This is a very singular Query, inasmuch as Fuller's list of the\nsheriffs of these counties begins 1st Henry II., and not, as is assumed by\nyour correspondent D., \"from the time of Henry VIII.\"\n\nC. H. COOPER.\n\nCambridge.\n\n_Ferdinand Mendez Pinto_ (Vol. vii., p. 551.).--INQUIRENS will find the\npassage he quotes in Congreve's _Love for Love_, Act II. Sc. 5. Foresight,\naddressing Sir Sampson Legend, says:\n\n    \"Thou modern Mandeville, Ferdinand Mendez Pinto was but a type,\" &c.\n\nIn the _Tatler_, No. 254. (a paper ascribed to Addison and Steele\nconjointly), these veracious travellers are thus pleasantly noticed:\n\n    \"There are no books which I more delight in than in travels, especially\n    those that describe remote countries, and give the writer an\n    opportunity of showing his parts without incurring any danger of being\n    examined and contradicted. Among all the authors of this kind, our\n    renowned countryman, Sir John Mandeville, has distinguished himself by\n    the copiousness of his invention, and the greatness of his genius. The\n    second to Sir John I take to have been Ferdinand Mendez Pinto, a person\n    of infinite adventure and unbounded imagination. One reads the voyages\n    of these two great wits with as much astonishment as the travels of\n    Ulysses in Homer, or of the Red Cross Knight in Spenser. All is\n    enchanted ground and fairy land.\"\n\nBiographical sketches of Mandeville and Pinto are attached to this paper in\nthe excellent edition of the _Tatler_ (\"with Illustrations and Notes\" by\nCalder, Percy, and Nichols), published in six volumes in 1786. Godwin\nselected this quotation from Congreve as a fitting motto for his _Tale of\nSt. Leon_.\n\nJ. H. M.\n\nThe passage referred to occurs in Congreve's _Love for Love_, Act II. Sc.\n5. Cervantes had before designated Pinto as the \"prince of liars.\" It seems\nthat poor Pinto did not deserve the ill language applied to him by the\nwits. Ample notices of his travels may be seen in the _Retrospective\nReview_, vol. viii. pp. 83-105., and Macfarlane's _Romance of Travel_, vol.\nii. pp. 104-192.\n\nC. H. COOPER.\n\nCambridge.\n\n_\"Other-some\" and \"Unneath\"_ (Vol vii., p. 571.).--Mr. Halliwell, in his\n_Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words_, has _other-some_, some other,\n\"a quaint but pretty phrase _of frequent occurrence_.\" He gives two\ninstances of its use. He has also \"_Unneath_, beneath. Somerset.\"\n\nC. H. COOPER.\n\nCambridge.\n\nThe word _other-some_ occurs in the authorised version of the Bible, Acts\nxvii. 18. \"Other some, He seemeth to be a setter forth of strange gods.\" It\ndoes not occur in any of the earlier versions of this passage in Bagster's\n_English Hexapla_. Halliwell says that it is \"a quaint but pretty phrase of\nfrequent occurrence,\" and gives an example dated 1570. _Unneath_, according\nto the same authority, is used in Somersetshire. _Other-some_ is constantly\nused in Norfolk. I think it, however, a pity that your space should be\noccupied by such Queries as these, which a simple reference to Halliwell's\n_Dictionary_ would have answered.\n\nE. G. R.\n\n_Willow Pattern_ (Vol. vi., p. 509.).--Evidently a Chinese design. The\nbridge-houses, &c., are purely Chinese; and also the want of perspective. I\nhave seen crockery in the shops in Shanghai with the _same pattern_, or at\nleast with very slight difference.\n\nH. B.\n\nShanghai.\n\n_Cross and Pile_ (Vol. vii., p. 487.).--Another evidence that the word\n_pile_ is of French origin: {632} \"_Pille_, pile; that side of the coin\nwhich bears the head. Cross or pile, a game.\"--_A Dictionary of the Norman\nFrench Language_, by Robert Kelham of Lincoln's Inn: London, 1779, 8vo., p.\n183.\n\n[Phi].\n\n_Old Fogie_ (Vol. vii., pp. 354. 559.).--J. L., who writes from Edinburgh,\ndenies the Irish origin of this appellation, because he says it was used of\nthe \"veteran companies\" who garrisoned the castles of Edinburgh and\nStirling. My mother, who was born in 1759, often told me that she never had\nheard any other name for the old men in the Royal Hospital, in the vicinity\nof which she passed her early days. It was therefore a well-known name a\ncentury ago in Dublin, and consequently was in use long before; probably\nfrom the building of the hospital in the reign of Charles II. Can J. L.\ntrace the Scotch term as far back as that? Scotch or Irish, however, I\nmaintain that my derivation is the right one. J. L. says he prefers that of\nDr. Jamieson, in his _Scottish Dictionary_, who \"derives it from Su.-G.\n_Fogde_, formerly one who had the charge of a garrison.\" In thus preferring\na Scottish authority, J. L. shows himself to be a true Scot; but he must\nallow me to ask him, is he acquainted with the Swedish language? (for that\nis what is meant by the mysterious Su.-G.) And if so, is he not aware that\n_Fogde_ is the same as the German _Vogt_, and signifies governor, judge,\nsteward, &c., never merely a military commandant; and what on earth has\nthat to do with battered old soldiers?\n\nI may as well take this opportunity of replying to another of your\nCaledonian correspondents, respecting the origin of the word _nugget_. The\nPersian derivation is simply ridiculous, as the word was not first used in\nAustralia. I am then perfectly well aware that this term has long been in\nuse in Scotland and the north of Ireland as _i. q._ lump, as a _nugget_ of\nbread, of sugar, &c. But an _ingot_ is a lump also: and the derivation is\nso simple and natural, that in any case I am disposed to regard it as the\ntrue one. May not the Yankee term have been made independently of the\nBritish one?\n\nTHOS. KEIGHTLEY.\n\n_Another odd Mistake_ (Vol. vii., p. 405.).--On page 102. of _Last Glimpses\nof Convocation_, by A. J. Joyce, 1853, I read of \"the defiance thrown out\nto Henry III. by his barons, _Nolumus leges Angliae mutare_.\" I have never\nread of any such defiance, expressed in any such language, anywhere else.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n_Spontaneous Combustion_ (Vol. vii., pp. 286. 440.).--I have somewhere read\nan account of a drunkard whose body was so saturated with alcohol, that\nbeing bled in a fever, and the lamp near him having been overthrown, the\nblood caught fire, and burst into a blaze: the account added, that he was\nso startled by this occurrence, that on his recovery he reformed\nthoroughly, and prolonged his life to a good old age. Where is this story\nto be found, and is the fact related physically possible? It seems to bear\non the question of spontaneous combustion.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n_Erroneous Forms of Speech_ (Vol vii., p. 329.).--E. G. R. will find, on\nfarther inquiry, that he is in the wrong as regards the mode of writing and\nspeaking _mangold-wurzel_. The subject was discussed in the _Gardeners'\nChronicle_ in 1844. There (p. 204.) your correspondent will find, by\nauthority of \"a German,\" that _mangold_ is field-beet or leaf-beet: and\nthat _mangel_ is a corruption or pretended emendation of the common German\nappellation, and most probably of English coinage. Such a thing as\n_mangel-wurzel_ is not known on the Continent; and the best authorities\nnow, in this country, all use _mangold-wurzel_.\n\nM.\n\nP.S.--Since writing the above, I have seen MR. FRERE's note on the same\nsubject (Vol. vii, p. 463.). The substitution of _mangel_ for the original\n_mangold_, was probably an attempt to correct some vulgar error in\northography; or to substitute a word of some significance for one of none.\nBut, as Dr. Lindley has said, \"If we adopt a foreign name, we ought to take\nit as we find it, whatever may be its imperfections.\"\n\n_Ecclesia Anglicana_ (Vol. vii., pp. 12. 440. 535.).--I gladly set down for\nG. R. M. the following instances of the use of \"Ecclesia Gallicana;\" they\nare quotations occurring in Richard's _Analysis Consiliorum_: he will find\nmany more in the same work as translated by Dalmasus:\n\n    \"Ex _Gallicanae Ecclesiae_ usu, Jubilaei Bullae ad Archiepiscopos mittendae\n    sunt, e quorum manibus ad suffraganeos Episcopos\n    perferuntur.\"--_Monumenta Cleri_, tom. ii. p. 228.\n\n    \"_Gallicana Ecclesia_ a disciplinae remissione, ante quadringentos aut\n    quingentos annos inducta, se melius quam aliae defendit, Romanaeque curiae\n    ausis vehementius resistat.\"--Fleurius, _Sermo super Ecclesiae Gallicanae\n    Libertatibus_.\n\nI have not time to search for the other examples which he wants; though I\nhave not any doubt but they would easily be found. The English Church has\nbeen, I consider, a more Romanising church than many; but, in mediaeval\ntimes, the most intimate connexion with Rome did not destroy, though it\nimpaired, the nationality of the church. The church of Spain is, I believe,\nnow one of the most national of the churches in communion with Rome.\n\nW. FRASER.\n\nTor-Mohun.\n\n_Gloves at Fairs_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--The writer saw, a few years ago,\nthe shape of a glove hanging {633} during the fair at the common ground of\nSouthampton, and was told, that while it was there debtors were free from\narrest within the town.\n\nANON.\n\nIn returning my thanks to your correspondents who have given instances of\nthis custom, allow me to add that a friend has called my attention to the\nfact that Mattishall _Gant_, or fair, takes place in Rogation or _Gang\nweek_, and probably takes its name from the latter word. Forby says that\nthere are probably few instances of the use of this word, and I am not\naware of any other than the one he gives, viz. Mattishall _Gant_.\n\nE. G. R.\n\n_Popular Sayings.--The Sparrows at Lindholme_ (Vol. vii., p. 234.).--The\nsparrows at Lindholme have made themselves scarce here, under the following\ncircumstances:--William of Lindholme seems to have united in himself the\ncharacters of hermit and wizard. When a boy, his parents, on going to Wroot\nFeast, hard by, left him to keep the sparrows from the corn; at which he\nwas so enraged that he took up an enormous stone, and threw it at the house\nto which they were gone, but from throwing it too high it fell on the other\nside. After he had done this he went to the feast, and when scolded for it,\nsaid he had fastened up all the sparrows in the barn; where they were\nfound, on the return home, all dead, except a few which were turned white.\n(Vide Stonehouse's _History of the Isle of Axholme_.)\n\nAs for the \"Doncaster Daggers\" and \"Hatfield Rats,\" also inquired after, I\nhave no information, although those places are in the same neighbourhood.\n\nW. H. L.\n\n_Effects of the Vox Regalis of the Queen Bee_ (Vol. vii., p. 499.).--Dr.\nBevan, than whom there is probably no better authority on apiarian matters,\ndiscredits this statement of Huber. No other naturalist appears to have\nwitnessed these wonderful effects. Dr. Bevan however states, that when the\nqueen is\n\n    \"Piping, prior to the issue of an after-swarm, the bees that are near\n    her remain still, with a slight inclination of their heads, but whether\n    impressed by fear or not seems doubtful.\"--Bevan _On the Honey Bee_, p.\n    18.\n\nCHEVERELLS.\n\n_Seneca and St. Paul_ (Vol. vii., p. 500.).--\n\n    \"The fourteen letters of Seneca to Paul, _which are printed_ in the old\n    editions of Seneca, are apocryphal.\"--Dr. W. Smith's _Dict. of\n    Mythology_, &c.\n\n    \"SENECA, Opera, 1475, fol. The second part contains only his letters,\n    and _begins with the correspondence of St. Paul and Seneca_.\"--Ebert's\n    _Bibl. Dict._\n\nB. H. C.\n\n_Hurrah_ (Vol. vi., p. 54.; Vol. vii., p. 595.).--Wace's _Chronicle of the\nNorman Conquest_, as it appears in Mr. Edgar Taylor's translation, pp. 21,\n22, mentions the war-cries of the various knights at the battle of Val des\nDunes. Duke William cries \"Dex aie,\" and Raol Tesson \"_Tur aie_;\" on which\nthere is a note that M. Pluquet reads \"Thor aide,\" which he considers may\nhave been derived from the ancient Northmen. Surely this is the origin of\nour modern _hurrah_; and if so, perhaps the earliest mention of our English\nwar-cry.\n\nJ. F. M.\n\n_Purlieu_ (Vol. vii., p. 477.).--The etymology of this word which Dr.\nJohnson adopted is that which many others have approved of. The only other\nderivation which appears to have been suggested is from _perambulatio_.\nBlount, _Law Dict._, s. voc., thus explains:\n\n    \"_Purlue_ or _Purlieu_ (from the Fr. _pur_, i. e. _purus_, and _lieu_,\n    locus) is all that ground near any forest, which being made forest by\n    Henry II., Richard I., or King John, were, by _perambulation_, granted\n    by Henry III., severed again from the same, and became _purlue_, i. e.\n    pure and free from the laws and ordinances of the forest. Manwood, par.\n    2., For. Laws, cap. 20.; see the statute 33 Edw. I. stat. 5. And the\n    perambulation, whereby the _purlieu_ is deafforested, is called\n    _pourallee_, i. e. _perambulatio_. 4 Inst. fol. 303.\"\n\n(See also Lye, Cowel, Skinner, and especially Minshaeus.)\n\nB. H. C.\n\n_Bell Inscriptions_ (Vol. vi., p. 554.).--In Weever's _Ancient Funeral\nMonuments_ (London, 1631) are the following inscriptions:\n\n \"En ego campana nunquam denuncio vana;\n  Laudo Deum verum, plebem voco, congrego clerum.\n  Defunctos plango, vivos voco, fulmina frango.\n  Vox mea, vox vitae, voco vos ad sacra, venite,\n  Sanctos collaudo, tonitrus fugo, funera claudo.\"\n      .    .    .    .    .    .\n \"Funera plango, fulgura frango, Sabbatha pango,\n  Excito lentos, dissipo ventos, paco cruentos.\"\n\nThere is also an old inscription for a \"holy water\" vessel:\n\n \"Hujus aquae tactus depellit Demonis actus.\n  Asperget vos Deus cum omnibus sanctis suis ad vitam aeternam.\n          Sex operantur aqua benedicta.\n  Cor mundat, Accidiam fugat, venalia tollit,\n  Auget opem, removetque hostem, phantasmata pellit.\"\n\nAt page 848. there is a beautiful specimen of an old font in the church of\nEast Winch, in the diocese of Norwich.\n\nCLERICUS (D).\n\nDublin.\n\n_Quotation from Juvenal_ (Vol. vii., pp. 166. 321.).--My copy of this poet\nbeing unfortunately without notes, I was not aware that there was authority\nfor \"abest\" in this passage; but my argument still remains much the same,\nas regards quoters {634} having retained for their own convenience a\nreading which most editors have rejected. I observe that Gifford, in his\ntranslation, takes _habes_ as the basis of his version in both the passages\nmentioned.\n\nMay I ask if it is from misquotation, or variation in the copies, that an\neven more hackneyed quotation is never given as I find it printed, Sat. 2.\nv. 83.: \"Nemo repente _venit_ turpissimus?\"\n\nJ. S. WARDEN.\n\n_Lord Clarendon and the Tubwoman_ (Vol. vii., pp. 133. 211.).--Your\ncorrespondent L. has not proved this story to be fabulous: it has usually\nbeen told of the wife of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, great-grandmother of the two\nqueens, and, for anything we know yet of _her_ family, it may be quite\ntrue.\n\nJ. S. WARDEN.\n\n_Rathe_ (Vol. vii., p. 512).--I can corroborate the assertion of Anon.,\nthat this word is still in use in Sussex, though by no means frequently.\nNot long since I heard an old woman say, \"My gaeffer (meaning her husband)\ngot up quite _rathe_ this morning.\"\n\nIn the case of the early apple it is generally pronounced _ratheripe_.\n\nSee also Cooper's excellent _Sussex Glossary_, 2nd edit. 1853.\n\nM.\n\n_Old Booty's Case_ (Vol. iii., p. 40.).--The most authentic report of this\ncase is, I think, in one of the London Gazettes for 1687 or 1688. I read\nthe report in one of these at the British Museum several years ago. It\npurported to be given only a few days after the trial had taken place.\n\nH. T. RILEY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nBOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.\n\nCIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. 12mo. London, 1828. (Two Copies.)\n\nJONES' ACCOUNT OF ABERYSTWITH. Trevecka, 8vo. 1779.\n\nM. C. H. BROEMEL'S FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 1705.\n\nCOOPER'S ACCOUNT OF PUBLIC RECORDS. 8vo. 1832. Vol. I.\n\nPASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Basil, 1522.\n\nKING ON ROMAN COINS.\n\nLORD LANSDOWNE'S WORKS. Vol. I. Tonson. 1736.\n\nJAMES BAKER'S PICTURESQUE GUIDE TO THE LOCAL BEAUTIES OF WALES. Vol. I.\n4to. 1794.\n\nWEBSTER'S DICTIONARY. Vol. II. 4to. 1832.\n\nWALKER'S PARTICLES. 8vo. old calf, 1683.\n\nWARNER'S SERMONS. 2 Vols. Longman, about 1818.\n\nAUTHOR'S PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ASSISTANT. 12mo., cloth. 1842.\n\nSANDERS' HISTORY OF SHENSTONE IN STAFFORDSHIRE. J. Nichols, London. 1794.\nTwo Copies.\n\nHERBERT'S CAROLINA THRENODIA. 8vo. 1702.\n\nTHEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726.\n\nSERMONS BY THE REV. ROBERT WAKE, M.A. 1704, 1712, &c.\n\nHISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, by Sir R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts.\n\n*** Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send\ntheir names.\n\n*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be\nsent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" 186. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNotices to Correspondents.\n\n_Being anxious to include as many Replies as possible in our present\nNumber, in order that they may be found in the same Volume with the_\nQueries _to which they relate, we have omitted for this week our usual_\nPHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE, _as well as our_ NOTES ON BOOKS, _and several\ninteresting articles, which are in type_.\n\nMR. LYTE'_s_ Treatment of Positives _shall appear next week_.\n\nC. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.--_The passage_---\n\n \"The soul's dark cottage,\" &c.\n\n_is from Waller. See some curious illustrations of it in our_ 3rd Vol., pp.\n154, 155.\n\nW. EWART. _We should he glad to have an opportunity of looking at the\ncollection of Epithets to which our correspondent refers_.\n\nJARLTZBERG'_s Query in our next. His other articles shall have early\nattention_.\n\nJUVENIS. _We must repeat that we cannot undertake the invidious task of\nrecommending our Correspondents where to purchase their photographic\napparatus and materials. Our advertising columns give ample information.\nThe demand for cheap apparatus, if it becomes general, will be sure to be\nsupplied_.\n\n_Errata_.--P. 569. col. 1. l. 45., for \"oo_yddes_\" read \"Ov_yddes_.\" P. 548\ncol. 2. l. 47, for \"1550\" read \"1850.\"\n\n_The_ INDEX _to our_ Seventh Volume _is in forward preparation. It will be\nready, we hope, by_ Saturday the 16th, _when we shall also publish our\nSeventh Volume, Price_ 10s. 6d., _cloth, boards_.\n\n_A few complete sets of_ \"NOTES AND QUERIES,\" Vols. i. to vi., _price Three\nGuineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable_.\n\n\"NOTES AND QUERIES\" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country\nBooksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to\ntheir Subscribers on the Saturday_.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nSPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of\nthe Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his\npractice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection\nof Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve\nthe sight to extreme old age.\n\nACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the\nAcademy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so\nconstructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface\nof the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a\ntelescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than\ncould be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on\napplication to WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nNow ready, Two New Volumes (price 28s. cloth) of\n\nTHE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A.\n\n  Volume Three, 1272--1377.\n  Volume Four, 1377--1485.\n\nLately published, price 28s. cloth,\n\n  Volume One, 1066--1199.\n  Volume Two, 1199--1272.\n\n\"A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore take\nits stand in the permanent literature of' our country.\"--_Gent. Mag_.\n\nLondon : LONGMAN & CO.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nBENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X. in\nGold and Silver Cases, in five qualities. and adapted to all Climates, may\nnow be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made\nPatent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4\nguineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.\nDitto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with\nChronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket\nChronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully\nexamined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and\n4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.\n\nBENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the\nBoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,\n\n65. CHEAPSIDE.\n\n{635}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions\n(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at\nBLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of\nevery Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in\nall its Branches.\n\nCalotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.\n\n*** Catalogues may be had on application.\n\nBLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument\nMakers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,\nSanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.\nIodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.\n\nSold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.\nPaternoster Row, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,\nIslington.\n\nT. OTTEWILL (from Horne & Co.'s) begs most respectfully to call the\nattention of Gentlemen, Tourists, and Photographers, to the superiority of\nhis newly registered DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERAS, possessing the\nefficiency and ready adjustment of the Sliding Camera, with the portability\nand convenience of the Folding Ditto.\n\nEvery description of Apparatus to order.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous\nViews, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.\n\nPortraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest\nDaguerreotypes, specimens of which my be seen at their Establishment.\n\nAlso every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this\nbeautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nJust published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,\n\nTHE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.\nTranslated from the French.\n\nSole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated\nLenses for Portraits and Views.\n\nGeneral Depot for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Freres', La Croix, and other\nTalbotype Papers.\n\nPure Photographic Chemicals.\n\nInstructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.\n\nGEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver)--J. B.\nHOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289 Strand, were the first in England who published\nthe application of this agent (see _Athenaeum_, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion\n(price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, tenacity, and\ncolour unimpaired for months; it may be exported to any climate, and the\nIodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE\nCHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all\nthe Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the\nopen Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best\nMakers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nEstablished 1824.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nFIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum of\n131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the\ndifferent ages from 241/2 to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the\nfive years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured.\n\nThe small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being\nnow provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits\nobtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF\nPARTNERSHIP.\n\nPOLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the next\nDivision, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers.\n\nOn Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be\npaid for the first five years.\n\nINVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.\n\nClaims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are\n_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud.\n\nTables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the\nSociety's Agents, or of\n\nGEORGE H. 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Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.\n\nVALUABLE PRIVILEGE.\n\nPOLICES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary\ndifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to\nsuspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in\nthe Prospectus.\n\nSpecimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in\nthree-fourths of the Profits:--\n\n  Age      _L  s.  d._\n   17       1  14   4\n   22       1  18   8\n   27       2   4   5\n   32       2  10   8\n   37       2  18   6\n   42       3   8   2\n\nARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.\n\nNow ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions.\nINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING\nSOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in\nthe Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a\nMathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR\nSCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.\nParliament Street, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPURE NERVOUS or MIND COMPLAINTS.--If the readers of NOTES & QUERIES, who\nsuffer from depression of spirits, confusion, headache, blushing,\ngroundless fears, unfitness for business or society, blood to the head,\nfailure of memory, delusions, suicidal thoughts, fear of insanity, &c.,\nwill call on, or correspond with, REV. DR. WILLIS MOSELEY, who, out of\nabove 22,000 applicants, knows not fifty uncured who have followed his\nadvice, he will instruct them how to get well, without fee, and will render\nthe same service to the friends of the insane.--At home from 11 to 3.\n\n18. BLOOMSBURY STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nUNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY: established by Act of Parliament in\n1834.--8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London.\n\n  HONORARY PRESIDENTS.\n\n  Earl of Courtown\n  Earl Leven and Melville\n  Earl of Norbury\n  Earl of Stair\n  Viscount Falkland\n  Lord Elphinstone\n  Lord Belhaven and Stenton\n  Wm. Campbell, Esq., of Tillichewan\n\n      LONDON BOARD.\n\n  _Chairman._--Charles Graham, Esq.\n  _Deputy-Chairman._--Charles Downes, Esq.\n\n  H. Blair Avarne, Esq.\n  E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., _Resident_.\n  C. Berwick Curtis, Esq.\n  William Fairlie, Esq.\n  D. Q. Henriques, Esq.\n  J. G. Henriques, Esq.\n  F. C. Maitland, Esq.\n  William Railton, Esq.\n  F. H. Thomson, Esq.\n  Thomas Thorby, Esq.\n\n  MEDICAL OFFICERS.\n\n  _Physician._--Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D.,\n  8. Bennett Street, St. James's.\n\n  _Surgeon._--F. H. Tomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street.\n\nThe Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is as\nfollows:--\n\n    Sum    |   Time   |   Sum added to     |   Sum\n  Assured. | Assured. |      Policy        | Payable\n           |          +--------------------+ at Death.\n           |          | In 1841. In 1848.  |\n  ---------+----------+---------+----------+----------\n      L    |          |   L s.d.|   L  s.d.|    L  s.d.\n     5000  | 14 years | 683 6 8 | 787 10 0 | 6470 16 8\n   * 1000  |  7 years |  -  -   | 157 10 0 | 1157 10 0\n      500  |  1 year  |  -  -   |  11  5 0 |  511  5 0\n\n* EXAMPLE.--At the commencement of the year 1841, a person aged thirty took\nout a Policy for 1000l., the annual payment for which is 24l. 1s. 8d.; in\n1847 he had paid in premiums 168l. 11s. 8d.; but the profits being 21/4 per\ncent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22l. 10s. per annum for each\n1000l.) he had 157l. 10s. added to the Policy, almost as much as the\npremiums paid.\n\nThe Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only\none-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for\nLife. Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident\nDirector.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nHEAL AND SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It\ncontains descriptions and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different\nBedsteads: also of every description of Bedding, Blankets and Quilts. And\ntheir new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture,\nFurniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their\nEstablishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.\n\nHEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.\n{636}\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.\n\nTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.\n\n(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY)\n\nOf Saturday, June 18, contains Articles on\n\n  Agriculture and steam power\n  Apples, wearing out of\n  Books noticed\n  Bradshaw's Continental Guide\n  Calendar, horticultural\n  ----, agricultural\n  Camellia's, to cure sickly\n  Cartridge, Capt. Norton's\n  Chiswick exhibition\n  Coal pits, rev.\n  Draining swamps\n  Fences, wire\n  ----, thorn\n  Fig trees\n  Fruits, wearing out of\n  Fuchsias from seed\n  Gardeners' Benevolent Institution, anniversary of\n  Grapes, rust in\n  Hedges, thorn\n  Horticultural Society's exhibition\n  Jeffery (Mr.), news from\n  Law relating to tenant right, rev.\n  Lycoperdon Proteus\n  Manure, liquid\n  ----, waste\n  Moles, to drive away\n  Norton's, Captain, cartridge\n  Oregon expedition, news of\n  Peas, early\n  Pelargoniums, new\n  Plants, wearing out of\n  Poultry show, West Kent\n  ---- books\n  Puff balls\n  Rhubarb, monster\n  ---- wine, recipes for making\n  Royal Botanical Gardens\n  Seeding, thin\n  Societies, proceedings of the Agricultural of England, Bath and\n      Oxfordshire Agricultural, Belfast Flax\n  Steam engines, uses of\n  Weight of rhubarb\n  Wheat crop\n  Wine, recipes for making rhubarb\n\nTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to\nthe above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices,\nwith returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed\nMarkets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the\ntransactions of the week_.\n\nORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington\nStreet, Covent Garden, London.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrice One Shilling.\n\nLETTRES D'UN ANGLAIS SUR LOUIS NAPOLEON, L'EMPIRE ET LE COUP D'ETAT,\ntranslated from the English by Permission of the Author, with Notes by the\nEditors of the \"Courrier de L'Europe.\"\n\nLondon: JOSEPH THOMAS, 2. Catherine Street, Strand; and all Booksellers.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTHE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXV. ADVERTISEMENTS for the forthcoming Number\nmust be forwarded to the Publisher by the 25th, and BILLS for insertion by\nthe 27th instant.\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nThe Twenty-eighth Edition.\n\nNEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on\nthe influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means\nof Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy and all Chronic Diseases, by\nDR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from\nthe Author for Five Penny Stamps.\n\n\"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the\ncareful perusal of our invalid readers.\"--_John Bull Newspaper_, June 5,\n1852.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nTO BOOK COLLECTORS, ANTIQUARIES, AND HISTORIANS.\n(Forwarded per Post on Receipt of Eighteen Postage Stamps.)\n\nMiscellanea Historica et Bibliotheca Scotica, Antiqua.\n\nDESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE\nOF AN INTERESTING AND VALUABLE COLLECTION OF\nBOOKS,\nINCLUDING NUMEROUS WORKS RELATING TO\nHISTORY, ANTIQUITIES, BIBLIOGRAPHY, AND TOPOGRAPHY,\nGENEALOGY, HERALDRY, AND THE PEERAGE;\nNORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA;\nALSO THE MOST EXTENSIVE COLLECTION OF PRIVATELY-PRINTED\nBOOKS EVER OFFERED FOR SALE IN THIS\nCOUNTRY,\n\nINCLUDING THOSE OF THE\n\n    Abbotsford, Bannatyne, Maitland, and Roxburghe Clubs, the Auchinleck\n    Press, Camden, Celtic, English Historical, Hakluyt, Iona, Irish\n    Archaeological, Percy, Shakspeare, Spalding, Spottiswoode, Surtees, and\n    Wodrow Societies:--Books printed upon Vellum:--Curious and Unique\n    Collection of Manuscripts relating to the Nobility and Gentry of\n    Scotland, Scottish Poetry and the Drama, Fiction, Witchcraft, State\n    Papers, Chronicles and Chartularies:--an Extraordinary Collection of\n    Almanacs, Record Commission Publications, Ecclesiastical History,\n    Classics and Translations, Civil and Criminal Trials, &c., &c.\n\n_The whole of which are in Fine Preservation, warranted perfect, and many\nof them in Elegant Binding._\n\nNOW ON SALE,\nAT THE PRICES AFFIXED TO EACH ARTICLE, FOR READY MONEY, BY\nTHOMAS GEORGE STEVENSON,\n87. PRINCE'S STREET, EDINBURGH.\n(Second Door West of the New Club.)\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCHEAP GERMAN BOOKS.--WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 15. Bedford Street, Covent Garden,\ncharge to direct Purchasers all Books published in Germany at THREE\nSHILLINGS per PRUSSIAN THALER only, the exact value of their published\nprice in Germany, without any addition for carriage or duty, for ready\nmoney. Catalogues gratis on application.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCHEAP FRENCH BOOKS.--WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 15. Bedford Street, Covent Garden,\ncharge to Purchasers directly from them FRENCH BOOKS at TEN PENCE per FRANC\nonly, being a reduction of 17 per cent. on the former rate of Shillings for\nFrancs. A monthly French Catalogue is sent gratis to Purchasers.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCURIOUS GLEANINGS from ANCIENT NEWSPAPERS OF THE TIME OF KING CHARLES,\n&c.--A very Choice, Instructive, and most Amusing Miscellaneous Selection\nmay be had free by sending SIX POSTAGE STAMPS to\n\nMR. J. H. FENNELL, 1. WARWICK COURT, HOLBORN, LONDON.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.--ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.\n\nThe SCHOOL is NOW OPEN for instruction in all branches of Photography, to\nLadies and Gentlemen, on alternate days, from Eleven till Four o'clock,\nunder the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has long been\nconnected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to the\nInstitution.\n\nA Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nMURRAY'S MODERN COOKERY BOOK.\nNEW AND CHEAPER EDITION.\n\nNow ready, an entirely New, Revised, and Cheaper Edition, with 100\nWoodcuts. Post 8vo., 5s., bound.\n\nMODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY. Founded upon Principles of Economy and Practical\nKnowledge, and adapted for the Use of Private Families.\n\n\"A collection of plain receipts, adapted to the service of families, in\nwhich the table is supplied, with a regard to economy as well as comfort\nand elegance.\"--_Morning Post._\n\n\"Unquestionably the most complete guide to the culinary department of\ndomestic economy that has yet been given to the world.\"--_John Bull._\n\n\"A new edition, with a great many new receipts, that have stood the test of\n_family_ experience, and numerous editorial and typographical improvements\nthroughout.\"--_Spectator._\n\n\"Murray's 'Cookery Book' claims to rank as a new work.\"--_Literary\nGazette._\n\n\"The best work extant on the subject for an ordinary household.\"--_Atlas._\n\n\"As a complete collection of useful directions clothed in perspicuous\nlanguage, this can scarcely be surpassed.\"--_Economist._\n\n\"Full of sage instruction and advice, not only on the economical and\ngastronomic materials, but on subjects of domestic management in\ngeneral.\"--_Builder._\n\n\"We may heartily and safely commend to English housewifery this cookery\nbook. It tells plainly what plain folks wish to know, and points out how an\nexcellent dinner may be best secured.\"--_Express._\n\nJOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nPrinted by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish\nof St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.\nBride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.\nFleet Street in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of\nLondon, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 25.\n1853.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\n\nCorrections made to printed original.\n\np. 621 \"inviting Calvin to unite with Melancthon\" - \"Malancthon\" in\noriginal","title":"Notes and Queries, Number 191, June 25, 1853: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.","tradition":"myth-cosmogony","translated_text":null,"word_count":21624}